التنمية والتغير في نسق القيم الإجتماعية

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ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ

ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﻨﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ

ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ

ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ

ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ

ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻡﺴﻗ

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ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﺄﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ

ﻑﻴﻁﺴ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﺒ

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ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ

ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ

ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ : ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺇ : ﻡﺴﺎﻘﻠﺒ ﺭﺼﻴﻭﻨ ﺃ . ﺩ . ﺔــﻗﺎﻨﻋﻭﺒ ﻲـﻠﻋ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻝ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ : ﺃ . ﺩ . ﺯﻴﺯﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺫﻭﻭﺒ ﺔـﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ، ﺎﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﺃ . ﺩ . ،ﺔــﻗﺎﻨﻋﻭﺒ ﻲـﻠﻋ ﺔـﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺍﺭﺭﻘﻤﻭ ﺎﻓﺭﺸﻤ ﺃ . ﺩ . ﻫﻭﺘ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ــ ﻲﻤﺎ ،ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ، ﺓﺩـﻜﻴﻜﺴ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺍﻭﻀﻋ ﺩ . ،ﻲـﻤﻭﺩﺭﺯ ﺩـﻤﺤﺃ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ "ﺃ " ﺔـﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ، ﺍﻭﻀﻋ ﺩ . ،ﺭﺍﻭـﻨ ﻥﺒ ﺢـﻝﺎﺼ ﺭـﻀﺎﺤﻤ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ " ﺃ" ﻲﻗﺍﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺃ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ، ﺍﻭﻀﻋ ﺩ . ،ﺵﻭــﺨﺒ ﺩـﻤﺤﺃ ﺭـﻀﺎﺤﻤ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ " ﺃ" ﺔﻠﺸﻨﺨ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺍﻭﻀﻋ

ﺴﻝﺍ

ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻨ

2010

/

2011

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لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ

ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ

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لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ﻀﻭﻤ

ـ

ﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭ

ـ

ﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ،ﺔ

ـ

ﺒﺴﺃﻭ ﺎﻬ

ـ

ﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎ

ـ

ﺎﻫﺭﺎ

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ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ـﻴﺩﺤﺘ

ـ

ـﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩ

ـ

ﻡ

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ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ﺔـﻬﺒﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻱﺩـﻘﻨ لـﻴﻠﺤﺘ

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ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺔـﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ

ﻲـﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻭـﻅﻨﻤ

)

ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﺴﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻼﻝ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ

(

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ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ

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ﺱﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ﺔﻴـﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺔـﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ

ـ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ـ

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ﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ

ﻲﻨﺎﺜ

ﺔـــﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔــﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ

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ﻊﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ﺔـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔـﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭـﺠﻹﺍ

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ﻥﻤﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ﺔـﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞـﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭـﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ لـﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺽﺭـﻋ

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ﻊـﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺩﺎـﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﻤﺌﺎﻗ

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ﻕــﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ

(14)

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لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . لﻭﻷﺍ لــــﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﻫﺃ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤ . . . . ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ . . . . ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ . . . . . . . . ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ . . . . ﺎﻌﺒﺍﺭ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ . . . . . . . . . ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لــــﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﻡـﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩـﻴﺩﺤﺘ . . . . ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ . . . . . . ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ . . . . . . . . ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ : ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ . . . . ﺎﻌﺒﺍﺭ : ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ . . . . . . . . 1 ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﻝ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ . . . . 2 ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﺒ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺔﻠﺼ . . . . . . . . ﺃ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ . . . . ﺏ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . ﺝ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ . . . . ﺩ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . ﺔﺼﻼﺨ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ﻩ ﻲﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ . . . . . ﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ . . . . ﺎﺴﻤﺎﺨ : ﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻴ . . . . ﺎﺴﺩﺎﺴ : ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لــــﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻱﺩﻘﻨ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ . . . . ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻏ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ . . . . . . . . . 5 -200 أ -د 5 -13 5 9 10 11 14 -36 14 17 18 20 21 27 27 27 28 29 30 31 32 32 35 37 -78 38

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ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ : ﺎﻜﻴﺭﻤﺃﻭ ﺎﺒﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﻨﻝﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﻔﻝﺍ ، ـﻝ " ﺱﺎﻤﻭﺘ ﻡﻴﻝﻭ " ﻭ " ﻲﻜﻴﻨﺎﻨﺯ ﻥﺎﻴﺭﻭﻠﻓ " . ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ : ﻱﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺤﺘ -ﻁﺴﻭﻻﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﺘ ـﻝ ، " ﺭﻨﺭﻴﻝ لﻴﻴﻨﺍﺩ " . . . . ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻋ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ . . . . . . . . ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﺩ ﺔﻴﺯﻭﻓ ـﻝ ، . . . . ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ : ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﻨﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺒﺘﻝﺍ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻭ ، ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻡﻴﻌﻨ ﺭﻴﻤﺴ ـﻝ . . . . ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﺒﻭﺭﺘﻨﺍ ﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺍﻭﺘﻭ ﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ـﻝ ، ﺔﺸﻴﺭﻜ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻡﺎﻤﺘ ﻡﻴﺤ . . . . ﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ : ﻯﺭﻗ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺜﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﺒ ﺔﻴﻓﻭﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤ ﻲﻌﺒﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻜ ـﻝ ، . . . . . . . . ﺔﺴﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ : ﺭﺼﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻭ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﻨﺃ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ـﻝ ، . . . . ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ : ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ . . . . . . . . ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ -ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ، ﺩﻴﻤﺤ ﻑﻭﺭﺨ ـﻝ . . . . ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ : ـ ﺔﻴﺤﺴﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ـ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ، ﺩﺒﻋ ـﻝ ﻡﺩﻘﻤ ﻅﻴﻔﺤﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ، ) ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻼﻝ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﺴﻔﻤﻝﺍ ( . . . . . . . . ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ . . . . . . . . ﻻﻭﺃ : ﻱﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ . . . . ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ . . . . 1 -ﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻ-ﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻤﻝ ) ﻲﺴﻜﺭﺎﻤﻝﺍ ( . . . . 2 -ﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝ ) ﺭﺒﻴﻓ ﺱﻜﺎﻤ ( . . . . ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ : ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻹﺍ ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ . . . . 1 -ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ . . . . ﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ . . . . . . . . ﺏ ﺙﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ . . . . ﺝ ﻱﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ) ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ( . . . . ﺩ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ) ﻲﻜﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ( . . . . ﻩ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ . . . . . . . . 2 -ﺙﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﻜﺭﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ . . . . ﺃ ﻝﺎﻴﺭﺒﻤﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻴ . . . . 38 43 47 47 49 54 59 65 69 69 75 79 -117 79 80 83 83 86 89 89 90 93 96 97 99 102 104

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ﺏ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ . . . . ﺝ ﺔﻴﻌﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ . . . . . ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ . . . . . . . . . . . . ﺔﺼﻼﺨ . . . . . . . . . . . . . ﺎﻌﺒﺍﺭ : ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ) ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴ ﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻬﺠﻭ ( . . . . . . . . ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺍ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻘﻝ . . . . ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ . . . . . . . . ﻻﻭﺃ : ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ . . . . ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ : ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ . . . . 1 -ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﺒ ﺓﺭﻜﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ . . . . . . . . ﺃ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ . . . . ﺏ ﺔﻴﺯﻤﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . ﺝ ﺔﻴﺴﻜﺭﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . . . . ﺩ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . . . . . . ﻩ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . . . . . ﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . . . . . ﺯ ﺔﺜﺍﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴ ﺭﻅﻨ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ﺃ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ . . . . . . . . . . . ﺏ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . ﺎﻌﺒﺍﺭ : ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﺴﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﻜﺘﺭﻤ . . . . ﺎﺴﻤﺎﺨ : ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ . . . . . . . . ﺔﺼﻼﺨ . . . . . . . . ﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺱ : ﺠﺘﻝﺍ ـ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ـ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭ . . . . ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ، ﻲﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺘﺤﻻﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ . . . . ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : ـ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ـ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻗ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ 1962 -1965 . . . . ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ) 1966 -1979 ( . . . . 105 105 109 111 114 118 -146 118 119 121 124 124 126 132 132 133 135 137 137 138 139 139 140 141 146 147 -200 147 157 157 158

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1 ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ . . . . . . . . 2 -ﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻴﻨﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻫﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺌ . . . . . . . . 3 -ﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨﻝ-ﺍ ﺭﻭﻠﺒﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻁﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻴﻨﺼﺘﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝ . . . . . . . . . . . . ﺃ ﻲﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ : 1967 -1969 . . . . . . . . ﺏ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ : 1970 -1973 . . . . . . . . ﺝ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ 1974 -1977 . . . . ﺔﺼﻼﺨ . . . . . . . . ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ : ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ) ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ 1980 : ،ﺔﻠﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺔﺼﺼﻭﺨﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ( . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -لﻭﻷﺍ ﻲﺴﺎﻤﺨﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ : ) 1980 -1985 ( . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺎﻤﺨﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ : ) 1985 -1989 ( . . . . . . . . . . 3 ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺵﺎﻌﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻋﺩ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ ) 2001 -2004 ( . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 -ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩﻝ ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒﻝﺍ : ) 2008 -2009 ( . . . . . . . . ﺔﺼﻼﺨ . . . . . . . . ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ : ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﻵﺍ . . . . ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔـــﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔــﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ . . . . ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ . . . . . . . . 1 ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ . . . . 2 -ﻑﻴﻁﺴ ﺔﻴﻻﻭﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ . . . . . . . . 3 ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺔﺤﻤﻝ ﻑﻴﻁﺴ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ . . . . ﺃ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻁﺴ . . . . . . . . ﺏ لﻔﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺠﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . ﺝ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺠﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ) ﺭﺨﺄﺘﻤﻝﺍ ( . . . . . . . . . . . . -ﻲﻝﺍﺩﻨﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ،ﻱﺩﻴﻤﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ . . . . ﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻑﻴﻁﺴ . . . . . . . . ﻩ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻑﻴﻁﺴ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ . . . . ﻭ لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻑﻴﻁﺴ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ) ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ( . . . . 158 159 169 170 174 180 181 182 184 185 190 193 195 196 201 -294 201 -227 201 201 202 204 204 204 205 206 206 207

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ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ . . . . ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ . . . . . . . . 1 -ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ . . . . . 2 -ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ . . . . . . . . ﺃ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﺤﺼ . . . . . . . . ﺏ ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ) ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒﻝﺍ ( . . . . . . . . ﺝ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . . ﺩ ﺕﻼﺠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺌﺎﺜﻭﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . 3 ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ . . . . 4 ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ . . . . . . . . 5 ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ . . . . ﻥﻤﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴ . . . . ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ . . . . 1 لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -ﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤ . . . . 3 -ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 -ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . . . ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ . . . . . . . . 1 -ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ . . . . ﺃ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ . . . . . . . . ﺏ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ . . . . . . . . . ﺝ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ . . . . . . . ﺩ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺔﻌﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ . . . . . . . ﻩ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ . . . . 2 ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ . . . . 3 ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻹﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁ . . . . 4 -ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . . ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ . . . . . . . . ﻕﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ . . . . . . . . 212 212 212 213 214 215 215 215 215 217 227 228 -292 228 228 241 254 263 273 275 275 277 279 281 283 284 287 290 293 295 307

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ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ

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ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻔﻠﺨﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﻘﺘ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ،ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺎﻬﻔﺌﺎﻅﻭﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺤﻁﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻰﻝﻭﺃ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺕﺭﺒﺨ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻪﺠﻭﺒ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻪﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﻌﺼ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺴﺎﻜﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻪﻘﻘﺤ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺩﻘﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻨﻜﻤ ،ﻡﺎﻋ ﺘ ﻪﺘﺤﻠﺼﻤﻝ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﻀﺨﺇﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻁﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪ . ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﺍﺭﻴﺎﻐﻤ ﺎﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ،ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍﻭ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺵﻴﻌﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻀﻬﻨ ﺕﺎﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﺸﺎﻋ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺤﻼﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻭ ،ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻋﺭﺴ لﻌﻔﺒ ،ﺔﺜﺩﺤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺠﺭﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﻋ لﺯﺘﺨﺘ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻋﻭ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻋﺎﺴﺘﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺯﺘ ﺕﺌﺘﻓ ﺎﻤ ،ﺓﻭﻫ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺯﺭﻔﺘﻝ ،ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻁﺌﺎﺴﻭﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻭ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ ﻲﻓ ،ﺔﻁﺭﻔﻤ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻓﺭ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺽﻗﺎﻨﺘﺘ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺒﻁﻤ ﺭﻘﻓﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻘ ﺔﻴﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ . ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺀﻼﻤ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺍﺭﻭﻫﺩﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﺕﺩﺍﺩﺯﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻴﺴﻤﺨ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ،لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﺒﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺍﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕ ﻤﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺀﻼﺘﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺩﻴﺇ ﺕﺍﺀﻼ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺩﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ـ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﻭﺜ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺄﺒ ﺕﻘﺒﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ـ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤ ﺔﺨﺴﺍﺭ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤ ﻭ ﻡﻴﻗ ﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻭﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺕﺩﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻘﺘﻭ ، ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺱﺴﺃ ﻲﻋﺍﺩﺘ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻡﺠﻨ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻠﺼﺄﺘﻤﻭ ﻲﻓ لﺸﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺼﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ،ﺭﺘﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻻﺎﺤ لﻜﺸﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ لﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﺼﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﺼﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ،لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ . لﻤﺎﻜﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ،ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﻭ ﻁﻁﺨﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭﻭ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺄﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻫﻷﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻀﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺒ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﺘﺴﺘ لﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻓﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ،ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤ ﺃ ﺩﺍﺭﻓ

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ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ،لﻭﻤﺄﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﺘ ﻡﻝ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻭﻠﺒ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺄﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺃ ﻙﺭﺩﻴ ﻑﻭﺴ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻗ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺩﺼﻘﺒ ،ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ،ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﺎﻬﻏﺎﺼ ﺩﻗ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﺴﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺫﺎﻤﻨﻝﺍ لﺸﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺒﺴﺘ ﺎﻤﻤ، ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺒﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺒﺨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺝ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻭ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ . ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ) ﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ( ،ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝ ﻥﻴﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻠﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺏﻴﺭﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺭﺘ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺤ ﻰﻠﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨﻠﻝ ﺢﻴﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﺤﻨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺩﻜﺅﺘ ﺎﻤﻨﺇ ،ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺒﺘﺇ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻌﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ . ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﺒﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺘ ﺓﺭﻴﺎﻐﻤ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻐﻴﺼ ﺓﺩﻓﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻠﻜﺸﺘ ،ﺔﻝﻭﻘﻨﻤ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝ ﺎﻤﺎﻤ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻺﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ لﻜﺸﺘﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺩﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﺭﻌﺸﻴ ،ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻋﻭ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﺭﻭﺼﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﺘ ﺔﻔﺼ لﻜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﺼﺘﺘﻭ ،لﺎﻌﻓﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺢﻴﺘﻴﻭ ، ﺩﻴﺩﺸ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻔﻨﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺎﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻑ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﺎﻌﺠﺭﻤ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﻻﺍ ـ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ ـ ﻡﺎﻋ لﻭﺒﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ،ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺍﺭﻁ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﻘﺘﻌﻤﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍﻭ ﺍﺩﺎﻋﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻭ ،ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃﻭ ﺕ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼ لﺠﺍ . ﻰﻝﺇ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﺠﺭﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﻨﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺎﻫﺁﺭﻭ، ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﺒ ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁ ﺎﻫﺭﺴﻓﻭ ، ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻤﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺙﻝﺎﺜ ﻕﻴﺭﻓ ،ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﻲﺘﺍﺫ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﻲﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻱﺩﺎﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠﺘ ﺔﻠﺨﺍﺩﺘﻤﻭ ﺔﻜﺒﺎﺸﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺜﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺔﺜﺩﺤﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻗ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ . ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻜ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺯﺭﺒ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻥﻤ لﻌﻝ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺸﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺈﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻴﺼﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺓﻭﻋﺩ ،ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻪﺠﻭﺃ ﻡﻫﺃ

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،ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺍﺫﻜ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻪﺠﻭﺒ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ . ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭﻭ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﺘ ﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﺤﻤ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻥﻴﻁﻭﺘ ﻪﺒ . ﻪﺘﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ لﻜ ﺕﻠﻤﺸ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻴﻨﺒ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻋ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺃﺭﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻊ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﻨﺃ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺎﺌﻓ لﻜﺒ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ) ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻴﻫ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ،ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ( ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝ ﻕﻤﻋﺃ ﻡﻬﻓ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ، ﻴﺌﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻘﻠﻁﻨﺍ ،ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺔ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻅﺘﻨﻤﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻓ ﺎﻗﺎﺴﻨﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﻴ ﺎﻴﻠﻜ ﺎﻘﺴﻨ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ ) ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ( ،ﺎﻴﻔﻴﻜﻭ ﺎﻴﻤﻜ ﺎﺼﺤﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝ ﻕﻴﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﺤﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ، ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ) ﺴﻤ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺢ ( ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ) ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﻭ ،ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﺒﻤﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﺎﻬﺠﺌﺎﺘﻨ .( ﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺘﺃ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﻷ ﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﺙﺤﺒ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺼﻓ لﺴﻠﺴﺘﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ،ﹼﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﻭ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ : لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺹﺼﺨ : ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﻀﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ،ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻭ . ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺹﺼﺨ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝ ﺹﺼﺨ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻱﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻠﻝ ﺕﺎ ﺽ ﺍﺭﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﺼ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ .

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ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ،ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻼﻝ ﻱﺩﻘﻨ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺘ ﺘﺍ لﻜ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺽﻬﻨﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻭ ،ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺽﺭﻋﻭ ،ﻩﺎﺠ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻬﺴﺇ ﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺽﺭﻐﺒ ،ﺎﻴﺩﻘﻨ ﻼﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ لﻜ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﺒ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻨﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺹﻼ ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻬﺴﻹﺍ . ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻌﺘﺴﻻ ﺹﺼﺨﻓ ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺕﻨﻤﻀﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺽﺍﺭﻌﺘﺴﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﺀﺎﺤﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﺍﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ : ﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺯﻤﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻜﺭﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺙﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺩﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻬﺠﻭ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﻼﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺘﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﺜﺍﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻌﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻨﺍ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﺴﻴﻝ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﻼﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺒ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻠﺒﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﻜﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻫﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻊﺒﺘﺘ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻲﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﺘﻠﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻁﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﻵﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺩﺼﺭﺒ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻨﺍﻭ ،ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻠﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ . ﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺹﺼﺨ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻲ ﻊﺒ ﻪﻨﻤﻀﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝ ﻥﺎﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ) ﻲﻨﻤﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ ( ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍﻭ ، ) ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ،ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ،ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ .( ﻡﺘ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﺼ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺠﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺽﺭﻋﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻤﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ . ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺼﻼﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺕﻨﻤﻀﺘ ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻬﺘﻨﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ .

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لﻭﻷﺍ لــــﺼﻔﻝﺍ

:

ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ

ﻻﻭﺃ

:

ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ

ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺯﺭﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺤﻤ ،ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺴﻤﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﺩﻌﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤ ﺕﺯﺭﺒﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻝﻼﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﺎﻨ ﺩﻌﺘ ﺕﻁﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺩ ﺕﻻﻭﺎﺤﻤﺒ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ،لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺎﺒ ﻪﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺸﻴﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺒﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺩﺎﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺩﻴﻹﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﺯﻴﺎﻤﺘﻭ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﺒ ،ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍﻭ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﻤﻜﺤﻭ 1 ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺠﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺽﻭﻬﻨﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻝﺫﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺴ ﻥﻜﻝ ، ﺔﺒﺘﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﺒ ﺎﻬﺒﻠﻏﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻤﺜﺘ ﻡﻝ ،ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺌﺍﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﺒ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ لﺼﺘﻴ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻡﻋﺩﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ،ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻀﺭﻓ ) ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ( ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ،ﺎﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻤﻴﻫ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻜﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺸﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﺒ ﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﺘﺜﺭﻭ ﻲ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﺒﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺯﺭﻓﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻼﻀﻓ 2 . ﺔﺒﻴﺨ ﺯﺭﺒﺘﻝ ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻭ ﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ لﻤﺃ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻘﺒﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺎﺨﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃ لﻌﻝ ،ﺕﺎﻌﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝ ﺕﻀﺭﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘ ﺓﺭﻴﺎﻐﻤ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺕﻐﻴﺼ ،ﺓﺩﻓﺍﻭ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻠﻜﺸﺘ ،ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﺠﻬﺘﻨﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝ ﺩﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻺﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ لﻜﺸﺘﺘ ﻡﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺩﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕ ﺎﻔﻠﺨﺘﻤ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻅ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺕﺎﻫﻭﺸﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﺕﺒﺎﺼﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ 1 ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ،ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ،ﻲﺒﻭﻴﻷﺍ ﻑﻴﺼﻨ ﻪﻴﺯﻨ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﻡﺍﺭﻫﻷﺎﺒ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ، ﻡﺍﺭﻫﻷﺍ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ، 1987 ﺹ ، 5 . 2 ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻨﻴﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ، 1996 ﺹ ، 5 .

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ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺠ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﻊﻴﺭﺴ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺕﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﻨﻷﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻕﺎﺴﻨﺃ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺓﺩﻓﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺵﻴﺎﻌﺘﻭ ،ﻡﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﻼﻤ ﻩﺎﻴﺎﻨﺜ ﻲﻓ لﻤﺤ ﺎﻫﻭﺸﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻴﻤﻴﻗ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ ،ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺔﺴﻨﺎﺠﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ 1 . ؛ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺏﻁﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،لﺨﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋﻭ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﻨﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ . ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺃ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ،ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻡﻬﺘﺭﻅﻨ لﻜﺸﺘﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﺒﻤﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﻜﺃ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺈﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﺎﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﻝ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺨﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻼﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻑﻠﺘ ) ﺎﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻭ ﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨ .( ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻘﻠﻁﻨﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺤﻨ لﻭﺤﺘﺘﻝ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﻌﺘ ،ﺩﻼﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻠﻝ ﺭﺒﻜﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇﻭ ،ﺔﺼﺼﻭﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﻀﺭﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻴﻌﺒﺴﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺕﻘﺒﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺌﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﻠﻝ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﺎﻫﺫﺨﺃ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ،ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝ ،ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺕﻀﺭﻌﺘ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ،ﻱﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﻠﻜﺸ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻠﻝ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ . ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻲﻠﺠﺘﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺎﺤﺘ ﻑﻭﺴ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ؛ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻭ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ـ ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ـ ﻑﺸﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﻰﻨﻌﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻲﻠﺤﻤ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻪﺒﻌﻠﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ . 1 ،ﺓﺩﻭﻋ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤ : ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤ لﻤﺎﻜ ﺱﻴﻭﻝ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻉ ﻡ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ 1989 ﺹ ، 57 -58 .

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ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﺕﻠﺜﻤﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ : ﺃ -ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻲﺤﺎﻨﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﻼﻤ ﺀﻼﺠﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﺼﻗ ،ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ . ﺏ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﺤﻁﺴﻭ ،ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻭ ،ﺔﺒﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒ ﻭ / ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻤﻋ ﻭﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺢﻤﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻗ ﺭﻭﻬﻅﻭ ﻲﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﺯﻭﺭﺒﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻌﺠﺍﺭﺘ . ﺝ -ﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﺘﺴ ﺎﻤﻜ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ،ﻱ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ) ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺯﻜﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ( ﺓﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻜ ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻭ ، ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺌﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺯﻭﺭﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﺘﻭ ،ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝ ﻬﻤﻭ ،ﻲﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺼﺼﺨﺘ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﻋﺯﻨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻙﻴﺭﺸﻭ ،ﻡﻬﻨ ﺝﺍﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﻝﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ . ﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﺘﺴ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﻹ ﺎﻬﻴﻌﺴ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻋ ﺯﻭﺭﺒﻭ ،ﻙﻼﻬﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋ ) ﺔﻴﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ .( ﻩ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻝﻭ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﺒ ﻰﻨﻌﺘ ﻑﻭﺴ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺃﺭﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺒ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﻻﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻱﻭﻌﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻁﺍﺭﺨﻨﻻﺍﻭ ،ﻲﺒﺎﻴﻨﻝﺍ لﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺨﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺯﺤﻸﻝ . ﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒﻭ ﻱﺭﻀﺤ ﻲﻠﺤﻤ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘ ) ﻑﻴﻁﺴ ( ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﺒ ﻲﻀﺤ ﺩﻗ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸﻭ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺜﻷ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻬﻝﻭﺃ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ،لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﻴ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻬﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﻷ ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﺕﻝﺎ .

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ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﺒ ﺔﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﺒﻤﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻱﺩﻘﻨ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺽﺭﻌﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﺘﺴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺔﺼﺎﺨﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻭ . ﻴﺭﺎﺘﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻬﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺎﻬﻠﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﺨ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ ﻡﻴﻁﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻁﻴﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺀﺩﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ،لﻭﺒﻭﺭﺘﻴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻕﺎﺤﻝﺇﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻬﻴﻭﺸﺘﻭ ﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻠﻁﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺤﺘﻭ ،ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﻻ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ،ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ . ،ﺔﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﺒﻤﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻥﺇ ﻴﻤﻌﺘﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﺜﺇ ﻪﻓﺩﻫ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺕﻘﻠﻁﻨﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻕ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺩﻋﺎﺴ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺎﺨﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻕﺴﺘﺘ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺎﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ . ﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﻼﻤ ﺀﻼﺠﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻰﻨﻌﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻷﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺕﺤﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻪﻨﻤ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﺘ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺭﺎﻁﺈﻜ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻡﻀﻴ ﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﺎﻘﺴﻨ لﺜﻤﻴ ـ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ـ ﻭﺘ ﻥﻤﻀﻴ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤ لﻜﺸﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﻩﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺍ . 1 ﻻ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻥﺇ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺇ لﺒ ،ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ لﻤﺎﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻴﻜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻡﻬﻔﻴ ﻥﺇ ﺏﺠﻴ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ،لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻀﺤﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻭﺩ ،ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻌﻗﻭﻤ ﺹﻴﺨﺸﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺭﺒﺘﺴ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺍﻭﺴ . 1 -ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻠﺘﻴﺍﺯ ﺞﻨﻴﻓﺭﺍ : ﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇﻭ ﺓﺩﻭﻋ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ،ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ ،لﺴ 1989 ﺹ ، 33 .

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ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ

:

ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ

ﺭﺸﻤﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝ ﺔﻌﻀﺍﻭﺘﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﺄﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﺇ ﺕﺎﻋﻭ ﻡﻝ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻥﺇﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﺢﻤﻼﻤ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺕﺫﺨﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻤ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴ ﺙﺤﺒﻝ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻉﻼﻁﻹﺍ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺢﻴﺘﺃ ﺎﻤ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﺨﻴ ﺍﺭﺒ ﻥﻴﻁﻭﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﻵﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﻠﻁﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺞﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻭ . ﺎﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﻭﺩ ﺹﻴﺨﻠﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻙﺍﺫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻲﻠﻴ : 1 -ﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﻨﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﺇ ـ ﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻥﻴﻁﻭﺘ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺔ ـ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻤﺒ ﺘ ﺎﻘﺴﻨ ﻩﺭﻭﺼﺘﻨ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠ ﻪﻴﻓ لﺜﻤ " ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﻨﺃ " ﻭ " ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ " ﻭ " ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻴﻨﺎﻜﻴﻤ " ﻭ " لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ " ﻭ " ﻡﻅﻨﻝﺍ " ﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤ ـ ﻘﺘﻌﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ،ﺔ ـ ﺤﺘﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﻕﺎﺴﻨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺃ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺩ ـ لﻭ ﺢﻤﺎﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺭﺒﻜﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻠﻝ ﻱﻭﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺯﻭﺭﺒﻭ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺱﻨﺎﺠﺘﻼﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻁﺒﻀﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻕﺎﻁﻨ ﻉﺎﺴﺘﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺘﻭ ﻉﺭﺎﺴﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺴ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻏ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺒﻠﻁﻤ ﺩﻌﺘ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻁﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻭ ،ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻓﺩﻬﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻸﻝ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﻤﻭﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘ . 2 ﺎﻤﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻥﻴﻁﻭﺘ ﻥﺎﺒ ﺎﻨﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﺠﺭﻴ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﺒ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﻨﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺩﻗ ﻪﺒ . 3 -ﺃ ﻱﺭﻀﺤ ﻲﻠﺤﻤ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺎﻤ ) ﻑﻴﻁﺴ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ( ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻻﺎﺠﻤ ) ﺎﻴﺭﺸﺒﻭ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠ ( ﻊﺠﺭﻴﻓ ﺭﻋ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺎﻨﻤ ﺕﻠﻤﺸ ،ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻪﻓ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻁﻨ ﻉﺎﺴﺘﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺙﻭﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻪﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ .

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ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ

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ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ

ﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﺓﺫﻔﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻭ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻥﻴﻁﻭﺘ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭ ﻰﺨﻭﺘﺘ ،ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝﻭ ،ﻪﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ : 1 ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻐﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺽﺍﺭﻌﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻜﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺓﺭﺴﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍﻭ . 2 -ﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺭ ﻱﺭﻅﻨ ﺭﻭﺼﺘ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ، ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺸﻴ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤ ) ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ( ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ . 3 -ﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺃﺭﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﺭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻥﻴﻁﻭﺘﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﺼ لﻼ ﺙﺤﺒ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺎﺒ : • ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ . • ﻱﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ . • ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺨﺩﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﻗﺎﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﻼﻬﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻁﻤﻨﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻡﻴ . • ﻱﻭﻌﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ . ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜﻭ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﺒ ﺔﻁﺎﺤﻺﻝ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ ،لﻭﺼﻓ ﻡﺩﺨﻴ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃﻭ ،ﻱﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ .