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Scientifically based biodiversity management in timber concessions: contribution to conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity

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(1)

CONGRESS OFFICE

23/25, rue Notre-Dame des Victoires 75002 Paris | France www.hopscotchcongres.com

PROGRAM

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ABSTRACTS

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Le Corum, Montpellier, 19-23 June 2016

134

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53

rd

ATBC 2016

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BSTRACTS /

ORAL PRESENTATIONS

O13-05 – S13 Biodiversity conservation in a conflicting context – The case of the Congo basin

Monday 20 June 20 / 11:00-15:30 – Barthez

The case for a “conservation bank” to secure the future of the TRIDOM forest landscape

PAUWEL DE WACHTER

1

, FABIEN QUÉTIER

2

, MARIE MADELEINE BASSALANG

3

, HELENE DESSARD

4

,

PAUL N’GORAN

5

, DURREL HALLESON

5

, EUGENE NDOUTOUME

1

, JULIETTE CHAMAGNE

6

, CLAUDE GARCIA

6

1WWF, Gabon Country Office, PO BOX 9144, Libreville, Gabon 2Biotope, NA, 34140, Mèze, France

3Rainbow Environment Consult, NA, PO BOX 30137, Yaounde, Cameroon

4CIRAD, Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux, 34398, Montpellier, France 5WWF, Cameroon Country Office, PO BOX 6776, Yaounde, Cameroon

6ETH Zürich & CIRAD, Forest Management and Development, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland

The 178,000 km² Tri-National Dja –Odzala-Minkebe landscape (TRIDOM) is a transboundary rainforest shared by Cameroon, the Republic of Congo and Gabon. It is considered a stronghold for great apes and forest elephants. Protected areas cover 24% of the landscape and are ecologically connected by a large expanse of forest matrix.

Threats to the TRIDOM are considerable. Most of the forest in between the protected areas is allocated to logging companies. Elephant populations are declining rapidly because of ivory poaching. A new highway through the TRIDOM’s heartland is being build. Hydropower projects such as the Chollet dam are being proposed. The area is also an emerging iron ore province, with several world class iron ore deposits. Under a business as usual scenario, the TRIDOM will progressively cease to exist as a large intact forest landscape, with interconnected patches of high quality forest, and be reduced to a fragmented landscape with isolated protected areas, with most of the large fauna disappearing from the matrix. Elephants, in particular, are key dispersers of plant species and the loss of long-distance connectivity could negatively affect the forest’s capacity to respond to change through shifts in the distribution of species. The successful implementation of a net biodiversity gain policy by the proposed mining and hydro projects could leverage significant additional conservation in TRIDOM, through biodiversity offset commitments. Together with careful siting and minimization measures, an aggregated offset project for mining and hydro developments could be designed to provide effective large mammal conservation, and ensure long-distance connectivity is maintained. But, with the mining projects on hold, due to the recent fall in iron ore prices, such a project appears to be a distant prospect. However, with the right institutions in place, investors may be willing to secure land for an aggregated offset, in anticipation of future offset needs. This could ensure the matrix forests are protected before it is too late, with considerable benefits to biodiversity and ecosystem services, and investors could get a return by offering offsets to developers when commodity prices rise again. Such as system is analogous to establishing a “conservation bank” for the TRIDOM, which raises a number of technical and organizational challenges. We discuss these in the light of similar systems elsewhere.

O13-06 – S13 Biodiversity conservation in a conflicting context – The case of the Congo basin

Monday 20 June 20 / 11:00-15:30 – Barthez

Place of customary rights mapping initiatives in conservation policies

VERMEULEN CÉDRIC

1

, KARSENTY ALAIN

2

1ULG/Gembloux, Biose, 5030, Gembloux, Belgique 2CIRAD, Besef, 75116, Paris, France

In Africa, participatory mapping of land use by local people is a quite old field practice in conservation or development projects. More recently, massive on line mapping of customary rights were born under the impulse of activist NGO. These include The Mapping for Right Initiative which notably proposed to communities to prove by themselves their presence inside the forest. The announced purpose is to help the decision-makers and the private sector to recognize this presence and help international community to recognize rights linked with this presence. Promoted as a decision making-tool, this initiative try in fact to make recognize customary rights at large scale in order to put them against land management and planning (logging concession, protected areas…).The important things is that conservation world take it into consideration not as an constraint but as an opportunity. We propose as line of conduct three possibilities i) for existing protected areas, mapping of rights should promote more participation of local population in decision structure and access to benefits-sharing, but exclude rights of hunting ii) for new protected areas, mapping of rights will help the free prior and informed consent process and should lead to land sharing based on overlapping rights officially acknowledged through contracts (participation in decision structure, sharing benefits), with village hunting areas outside and around this new protected area and iii) about non protected areas where wildlife is still abundant, mapping of rights should promote community-based management and hunting rights on non-protected species.

O13-03 – S13 Biodiversity conservation in a conflicting context – The case of the Congo basin

Monday 20 June 20 / 11:00-15:30 – Barthez

Scientifically based biodiversity management in timber concessions: contribution to conservation

and sustainable use of biodiversity

NICOLAS BAYOL

1

, JEAN-FRANÇOIS CHEVALIER

1

, CHARLES DOUMENGE

2

, SYLVIE GOURLET-FLEURY

2

,

ALEXANDRA PASQUIER

1

1FRMi, 34130, Mauguio, France

2CIRAD, Environnements et sociétés, 34398, Montpellier, France

During the past 25 years, forest laws in Central African countries have undergone major changes. Management plans were made mandatory: nearly 19 million hectares of timber concessions (38% of total granted concessions) were subject to a management plan in 2013 and the dynamics is currently underway.

The management plan is based on a set of technical and scientific studies, including statistical surveys (management inventories) covering the whole concession and taking into account all timber species, large mammals and the main non timber forest products. These inventories allow, at concession level, to characterize ecosystems and to assess the forest conservation values, through floristic and faunal biodiversity indicators and by taking into account threats to the forest ecosystems, especially anthropogenic ones. Such management inventories are used especially for planning and forecasting harvests, while minimising environmental impacts on the forest structure and functioning, and retaining regeneration capacities of the timber species and the forest ecosystems. The knowledge gained on specific and ecosystemic biodiversity helps to define management rules to ensure the sustainability of different timber species’ populations, noticeably the exploited ones. It is also used to design areas within the concessions were exploitation will not take place due to conservation interest (most biodiversity-rich areas, protection of rare or endangered species...). Such so-called “conservation series” therefore complement the protected areas network.

Well-managed forest concessions can help conserve the regional forest ecosystems and maintain essential functions that they provide. However, management plans were up to now designed at the concession scale. Data acquired in forest concessions also significantly contribute to improve knowledge of the forest ecosystems and their functioning at the regional level. Using this data, the CoForChange Project (http://www.coforchange.eu) issued a map of the forest ecosystems developed in the “Sangha River Interval” region. This project suggested that those forest ecosystems could react differently to disturbance, and could need an adaptation of management methods to each ecosystem. Based on forest inventories, other initiatives are underway to map the forest types and the biomass stock at the scale of Central Africa, and might be of particular interest for policy decisions on forest ecosystems.

O13-04 – S13 Biodiversity conservation in a conflicting context – The case of the Congo basin

Monday 20 June 20 / 11:00-15:30 – Barthez

Spatial modeling of the potential of agricultural or forestry production for sustainable land use

planning

ROBIN GOULAOUIC

1

, LAURENT GAZULL

2

, LAURÈNE FEINTRENIE

3

1Independent, GIS specialist, 44610, Nantes, France

2CIRAD, UR Tropical forests goods and ecosystem services, 34398, Montpellier, France

In Central Africa, oil palm is a major food-crop used in everyday cooking. All the countries of the region are importing palm oil, often from south-east Asia, to cover their domestic demand. Palm oil production is dominated by small scale agriculture, with a diversity going from the small backyard garden to the monospecific plantation of several hundred hectares. Most of the industrial plantations date from colonial periods. New industrial plantations have been expanding in the last decade, with successes and failures, with the help of southeast Asian and European multinationals and domestic investors.

The States want to increase their national palm oil production and industrial investments. They hope for socioeconomic benefits and food security. Such plans for agricultural development also present threats such as deforestation, loss of biodiversity and land use conflicts, and caution and planning are needed to avoid negative social and environmental impacts. In order to provide decision-makers with accurate information and useful decision-making tools to plan the development of the palm oil sector at national and sub-regional scales, the WWF asked CIRAD to map lands potentially favourable to the production of sustainable (P&C RSPO) palm oil in 5 countries of the Congo basin: Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Central Africa. We use a step by step method to 1/ measure and locate territories which are suitable for oil palm culture, 2/ prevent threats over biodiversity and land use by respecting the social and environmental constraints edited by the principles and criteria of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (P&C RSPO), 3/ plan development strategies for palm oil production which are coherent with the national context and specificities (through an evaluation of the adequacy of various production models).

The maps resulting from this study are useful decision-making tools that allow analysing trade-offs between opportunities of production and prevention of threats on biodiversity and land use issues. These maps can be useful in the design of national programs of agricultural development that avoid deforestation and preserve biodiversity corridors. Our results in Gabon are consistent with the maps of biodiversity and conservation importance produced by the National Agency of National Parks. In Republic of Congo, they are used in the discussions on the agricultural component of the REDD+ program.

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