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(1)Materials Research Express. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT. Natural extract of Opuntia ficus indica as green inhibitor for corrosion of XC52 steel in 1M H3PO4 To cite this article before publication: amel oulabbas et al 2018 Mater. Res. Express in press https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aae8b9. Manuscript version: Accepted Manuscript Accepted Manuscript is “the version of the article accepted for publication including all changes made as a result of the peer review process, and which may also include the addition to the article by IOP Publishing of a header, an article ID, a cover sheet and/or an ‘Accepted Manuscript’ watermark, but excluding any other editing, typesetting or other changes made by IOP Publishing and/or its licensors” This Accepted Manuscript is © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.. During the embargo period (the 12 month period from the publication of the Version of Record of this article), the Accepted Manuscript is fully protected by copyright and cannot be reused or reposted elsewhere. As the Version of Record of this article is going to be / has been published on a subscription basis, this Accepted Manuscript is available for reuse under a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 licence after the 12 month embargo period. After the embargo period, everyone is permitted to use copy and redistribute this article for non-commercial purposes only, provided that they adhere to all the terms of the licence https://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-nd/3.0 Although reasonable endeavours have been taken to obtain all necessary permissions from third parties to include their copyrighted content within this article, their full citation and copyright line may not be present in this Accepted Manuscript version. Before using any content from this article, please refer to the Version of Record on IOPscience once published for full citation and copyright details, as permissions will likely be required. All third party content is fully copyright protected, unless specifically stated otherwise in the figure caption in the Version of Record. View the article online for updates and enhancements.. This content was downloaded from IP address 129.108.9.184 on 17/10/2018 at 10:14.

(2) Page 1 of 10. IOP Publishing Journal XX (XXXX) XXXXXX. Materials Research Express https://doi.org/XXXX/XXXX. cri pt. Natural extract of Opuntia ficus indica as green inhibitor for corrosion of XC52 steel in 1M H3PO4 Amel.Oulabbas & Sihem. Abderrahmane*. Surface Engineering Laboratory (L.I.S), Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, B.P.12-23000, Annaba, Algeria.. us. E-mail: abderrahmanesihem@yahoo.fr. Abstract. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-corrosive effect of natural extract of Opuntia Ficus Indica (O.F.I) for XC52 steel in 1M H3PO4. Experimental work has been achieved by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and EIS. an. measurement, as well as SEM surface characterization. Among the results obtained, we can mention an inhibitory efficiency of 90% by gravimetric method and 83.9% by electrochemical method at 10% (v/v) of O.F.I. Moreover, The O.F.I extract acts as a mixed inhibitor; however, adsorption free enthalpy indicates a physisorption. The adsorption obeys the Langmuir isotherm model. These results have been improved by SEM micrographs.. 1. Introduction. dM. Keywords: Corrosion, Opuntia ficus indica, EIS, green inhibitor, XC52 steel.. "Opuntia Ficus Indica (O.F.I)". In many countries with a semi-arid climate (Chile, Mexico), the O.F.I is very. subjected to corrosive media and especially acid media,. cultivated [6; 7]. Moreover, this plant is present in many. which are widely used [1; 2], such as XC52 steel, which is. rural areas in Algeria, often in the form of a fence limiting. widely employed for the manufacture of pipelines and other. the plots of orchards. However, the best plantations are found. industrial installations. Corrosion is the deterioration of. in coastal areas such as the city of Annaba in eastern Algeria.. materials. their. The O.F.I was broadly ignored by scientists until 1980,. environment, causing the changes of metal properties often. where interest in multifunctional aspects of this plant caught. followed by a functional degradation of the following:. their attention [8; 9]. Hence, the O.F.I is becoming. physicochemical. interaction. with. ce. by. pte. All mild steels tend to degrade superficially when. alteration of its mechanical, electrical properties, etc. [3]. increasingly targeted for its ecological, environmental and. .Thus, the mechanisms involved are diverse and lead to. socioeconomic interest. It is used in different fields, mainly. different forms of corrosion. Nowadays, green inhibitors are. medicinal, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. An example, the. a subject of great attention in the world of industry because. study of D. Ganta et al. using claldode of O.F.I as dye. Ac. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60. AUTHOR SUBMITTED MANUSCRIPT - MRX2-101197.R1. of their non-toxicity and effectiveness in the field of. sensitized solar cells [10]. A recent. corrosion [4; 5]. The aim of this work is based on the use of a. the OFI, realized by Flaviana Di Lorenzo et al. [11] has. vegetable extract: the prickly pear cladodes often called. proven the presence of high molecular weight components. xxxx-xxxx/xx/xxxxxx. 1. identification study of. © xxxx IOP Publishing Ltd.

(3) AUTHOR SUBMITTED MANUSCRIPT - MRX2-101197.R1. Journal XX (XXXX) XXXXXX. Amel. Oulabbas et al. including two entities polysacchar-: a linear polymer - (1 → Several studies have been carried out on the inhibitory. addition, another work revealed the presence of lactic acid,. properties of the O.F.I, by Hammouch et al. [23] ,where. d-mannitol and three different phenolic compounds in the. 86% efficiency on steel in NaCl was obtained . El-Etre [24],. OFI as well as piscic and eucomic acids also found in works. studied the inhibitory action on Aluminum in HCl and had. of C Andres-Lacueva et al. [12]. The third phenolic. 96% efficiency, as well as the product patented in Morocco. compound that is 2-hydroxy-4- (4-hydroxyphenyl) butanoic. [25] by Hammouch et al. [26] composed mainly of O.F.I.. acid [11], was identified by Flaviana Di Lorenzo et al. In. fatty acid, triethanolamine and KOH, which achieve 98.8%. these experiments, the interest was for the anti-corrosive. efficiency using 0.05% inhibitor only.. virtue of which this plant profits from, due to its high. The objective of this experimental work is to determine the. percentages in amino acids, proteins, polyphenols, sugars. inhibitory efficiency and the protective power of the O.F.I on. fibers and vitamin C [13].. XC52 steel in 1MH3PO4, by gravimetric techniques such as. cri pt. 4) -galactose and the xyloarabinana highly branched. In. us. mass loss and other electrochemicals as well as the. Knowing that it is a plant which is rich in minerals such as calcium, potassium and magnesium, which. characterization of the surface by SEM metallography.. all provide. 2. Materials and methods. excellent food properties, not to mention its wide commercial use [14], one can mention the Betalain: a pigment plant. an. 2.1. Materials. In this work, the material used is XC52 steel provided in. mostly in the family of cactaceas [15; 16] including beta-. the form of plates coming from ARCELOR Metal Steel-. aminamic acid, which is the main chromophore of Betalain. Annaba. These are then cut into cylindrical shapes including. pigments [17] presented in the form of organic food. a contact area of the size of 6 mm2. This steel, like all. dM. derived from indole and containing nitrogen. It is found. medium carbon steel, is used in the oil industry for the. which affects their type of plant tissues [20], such as. manufacture of pipelines. The chemical composition of. glycosylated flavonols, dihydroflavonols, flavonones and. XC52 steel was made at ARCELOR Metal Steel-Annaba. flavonols [21].All these components contain polar groups. central. which have inhibitory properties, mainly the aromatic. spectrometry and infrared spectrometry. Outcome results are. compounds that form an interaction between their π orbital. summarized in table 1.. and metal [22].. Table 1. Chemical composition of XC52 steel in percentage mass Cr V Si P Al Fe. C 0.154. pte. coloring[18; 19]. Cactus differs depending on their life stage,. S. Mo. Cu. Ni. Mn. 0.004. 0.028. 0.111. 0.057. 1.280. 0.045. analysis. 0.003. laboratory,. 0.412. 0.002. by. 0.023. X-ray. fluorescence. Balance. measurements were made at different immersion times and at. 2.2. Experimental methodology. an ambient temperature of 25 ° C. Two samples were. 2.2.1.. prepared, their initial weights were 2.15 g and 2.03 g. ce. Gravimetric study. respectively before being immersed in an H3PO4 solution. Corrosion speed was studied, based on the adsorption of. 1M, H3PO4 1M + 10% (v/v) of the O.F.I. This method. the weight loss technique. It is the first approach to corrosion. studies the inhibitory efficiency and the evolution of. inhibitors of an electrolyte immersed metal capable of. corrosion according to time from 24h to 420h. The test was. determining the inhibitory efficiency of O.F.I. Weight loss. Ac. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60. Page 2 of 10. carried out at several concentrations i.e. 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%,. 2.

(4) Page 3 of 10. Journal XX (XXXX) XXXXXX. Amel. Oulabbas et al. 8% and 10% (v/v) for an immersion time of 24 hours at a. A behavior study of XC52 steel in H3PO4 at 1M under. estimate of the corrosion speed of immersed steel in. electrochemical impedance in order to specify the action. electrolyte. This corrosion speed is calculated user formula. mechanism of O.F.I. The scanning frequencies were. (1).. performed downwards starting from high frequencies (HF). V= Δm / S .t. (mg/h.cm ) 2. (1). hydrostatic. conditions. was. carried. out. by. cri pt. temperature of 25 ° C. The weight loss test gives a direct. (100 KHz) towards lower frequencies (BF) (10 mHz) with a sinusoidal disturbance of 1 mV amplitude around. With. free. potential, allowing for a stationary system.. ∆m = m1 – m2. 2.2.3. The value of inhibitory efficacy is formulated by equation (2). Surface characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). (2). The surface micrographic characterization of XC52 steel immersed in 1 M H3PO4, in absence as well as in. m1: initial mass;. presence of O.F.I, was carried out by a scanning electron. m2 : final mass;. microscope, model "Quanta 250-FEI".. us. With:. Δm: difference between m1 and m2;. an. 3. Results and discussion. S: metal Surface exposed to electrolyte;. 3.1 Weight loss. t: time; V: corrosion speed without inhibitor;. - Variation of inhibitory efficiency over immersed time. Vinh: corrosion speed in presence of inhibitor;. According to the curve presented in Fig.1 it is found that. inhibitory efficiency of O.F.I. increases with time and. dM. After each immersion time, the samples were rinsed with. distilled water and then dried using an electric dryer before. achieves a maximum of 97.6% after 72 hours, before. they are weighed up (m2).. decreasing to the value of 95.3% after 120 hours and finally,. 2.2.2. Electrochemical measurements. it stabilizes at 95.03% in the interval [120-420] h. This can.  Potentiodynamic curves. be explained by the presence of a stable inhibiting film covering the steel surface.. The polarization curves plots are realized using most. common techniques known in electrochemistry to determine. pte. the polarization resistance and the corrosion speed. Thus,. 100. Tafel plots allow direct access to current density values ; it 80. can be deduced from the Stern and Geary equation (3). E(%). (3). interval from ± 250 mV / Ag / AgCl, was applied.. ce. 60. 40. To be noted that cleaning speed of 1mV/s in a potential. 20. Moreover, for all tests, a waiting time of 1h after immersion 0. has been observed; this period of time corresponds to the. 0. . Electrochemical. impedance. 100. 200. 300. 400. 500. Time (h). formation and the stability time of electric double layer.. Ac. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60. AUTHOR SUBMITTED MANUSCRIPT - MRX2-101197.R1. spectroscopy. Fig. 1. Variation of inhibitory efficacy of O.F.I in 1M H3PO4 versus immersed time.. (EIS). 3.

(5) AUTHOR SUBMITTED MANUSCRIPT - MRX2-101197.R1. Journal XX (XXXX) XXXXXX. Amel. Oulabbas et al confirms that the adsorption of O.F.I follows the Langmuir isotherm model, thus forming a monolayer film.. Variation in inhibitory efficiency over concentration. The. evolution. of. inhibitory. efficiency. versus. 0,24. concentration of O.F.I is illustrated in Fig.2, where an. 0,22. y=0.025x+0.009 2 R =0.976. 0,20. increase of inhibitory efficiency with the concentration of the. 0,18. inhibitor is observed. Moreover, it achieves its maximum. 0,16 0,14. C. level of 90% for a concentration of O.F.I at 10% (v/v), then stabilizes until a concentration of 20% (v/v). Hence, we can. 0,12 0,10. conclude that the optimal concentration of O.F.I to protect. 0,08 0,06. the XC52 steel immersed in 1M H3PO4 is 10% (v/v).. 0,04 0,02 0. 100. 5. 10. 15. 20. us. C % (v/v). 90 80 70. Fig. 3. Variation of C/Ɵ with O.F.I concentration in 1M H3PO4 by weight loss method.. 50. an. 60. E(%). cri pt. -. 3.2. Potentiostatic polarization. 40 30. According to the polarization curves of XC52 steel. 20. in 1M H3PO4, in the absence and presence of O.F.I, which. 10 0 5. 10. 15. 20. are plotted at 1mV/s (Fig.4); it is noted that the increase in. dM. 0. concentration of. C % (v/v). O.F.I tends to shift corrosion potential. towards the anode domain. In addition, it decreases current. Fig. 2. Variation of inhibitory efficacy versus concentration of O.F.I.. - Adsorption isotherms:. densities of cathodic and anode branches.. 1. 0. 2. log i (mA/cm ). pte. Knowing that, the liquid extract of O.F.I cladodes. contains a significant percentage of polysaccharides, Dgalactose, L-rhamnose, L-arabinose and D-galacturonic acid, as well as polymers and proteins [27], the adsorption of all. 0% O.F.I 1% O.F.I 2% O.F.I 4% O.F.I 6% O.F.I 8% O.F.I 10% O.F.I. -1. -2. -3. these molecules on the steel surface creates a barrier for -4. transfer of charge and material [28]. Therefore, this film. -0,8. ce. protects the metal surface against the attacks of anions. -0,7. -0,6. -0,5. -0,4. -0,3. -0,2. E(V/Ag/AgCl). present in the acid solution. Thus, the effectiveness of this barrier increases with the rise of the occupied sites by these. Fig. 4. Polarization curves of XC52 steel in 1M H3PO4 without and with O.F.I.. molecules. However, the curve in Fig.3 indicates certain linearity with a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.97, which. Ac. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60. Page 4 of 10. 4.

(6) Page 5 of 10. Journal XX (XXXX) XXXXXX. Amel. Oulabbas et al. Moreover, the electrochemical parameters extracted from. Frumkin. adsorption isotherm. polarization curves as well as from calculated inhibitory. (8). inhibitory efficiency increases with the increase of the. Knowing that:. concentration of O.F.I. Until it reaches a value of 83.9% for. cri pt. efficiencies that are recorded on Table 2, show that the. (9). 10% (v/v) of the inhibitor. The latter behaves as a mixed inhibitor, since it acts on both anodic and cathodic branches.. With:. Table 2. Potentiodynamic parameters of XC52 steel corrosion in 1M H3PO4 without and with O.F.I and the inhibitor efficiency values calculed.. θ: recovery rate;. C: concentration of inhibitor;. K: equilibrium constant for reaction of film formation; icorr (mA.cm-2) 0.351 0.182 0.124 0.122 0.120 0.115 0.053. βa 47.2 54.2 42.3 43.9 55.3 52.2 42.3. βc 103.7 122.9 68.0 88.2 88.5 96.4 76.7. E (%) 48.1 64.6 65.2 65.8 72.3 83.9. i: current density in presence of inhibitor;. us. Ecorr (m V) 502.83 495.35 488.83 485.83 491.95 495.84 481.18. i0: current density in absence of inhibitor;. The experimental data were simulated according to. an. Concentrations (v/v) 0 1 2 4 6 8 10. models of the adsorption isotherms of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Frumkin and Flory-Huggins. The results are summarized in Table 3.. dM. Kads=76.921M-1, this process of adsorption of OFI on XC52. The adsorption isotherms were plotted according to the following equations:. According to the values of linear. regression coefficient R2, which is equal to 0.97 for. Adsorption isotherms. steel in 1M H3PO4, follows the Langmuir model. Table 3.Modelization of XC52 steel polarization curves in 1M H3PO4 with O.F.I by different adsorption isotherms. pte. Langmuir adsorption isotherm. (4). Flory-Huggins adsorption isotherm. (5). Adsorption isotherms. R2. Kads ( M-1). Langmuir. 0.972. 76.921. Temkin. 0.818. 0.706. Flory-Huggins. 0.613. 0.296. freundlich. 0.834. 2.839. Frumkin. 0.820. 3.917. ce. Temkin adsorption isotherm. (6) The variation of C / Ɵ with concentration C is illustrated in Fig.5. It is observed that for 8%. Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Ac. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60. AUTHOR SUBMITTED MANUSCRIPT - MRX2-101197.R1. concentration, the curve. has a linear behavior. Therefore, it follows the Langmuir. (7). isotherm model forming a monolayer film, which inducts a. 5.

(7) AUTHOR SUBMITTED MANUSCRIPT - MRX2-101197.R1. Journal XX (XXXX) XXXXXX. Amel. Oulabbas et al. stabilization up to 10% .This is due to the saturation of the adsorption sites.. 3.3. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy The. electrochemical. in. plotted in both cases of absence and presence of O.F.I at different concentrations.. 0,08. C. diagrams,. Nyquist representation, of the XC52 steel in 1M H3PO4 were. y = 0.011 x +0.013 2 R = 0.972. 0,10. impedance. cri pt. 0,12. 0,06. 250. 0,04. 0,02. 0 % O.F.I 1 % O.F.I 2 % O.F.I 4 % O.F.I 6 % O.F.I 8 % O.F.I 10 % O.F.I. 200. 0,00 6. 8. 10. C % (v/v). Fig. 5. . Variation of C/Ɵ with O.F.I concentration in 1M H3PO4 by polarization method.. 150. us. 4. 2. 2. Zi(Ohm.cm ). 0. 100. 100kHz. 0.01Hz. 50. an. 0. 0. 50. Free enthalpy of adsorption ΔG° showing the presence of electrostatic interaction.. 100. 150. 200. 250. 2. Zr(Ohm.cm ). Fig. 6. Electrochemical impedance diagrams (Nyquist. -. representation) of steelXC52 in 1M H3PO4, without and with. dM. The adsorption value for free enthalpy ΔG° = - 20.67 kJ.mol. O.F.I at different concentrations. 1, as obtained from the equation (10) , clearly indicates the. presence of physisorption phenomenon. That is the creation. According to Fig.6, in the absence of the inhibitor, it is. of the electrostatic interactions between the metal surface and. noticed that the presence of two constants time translates a. the newly formed film. The adsorption reaction of O.F.I on. capacitive loop followed by an induction. This may be due to. the metal surface is endothermic with a value of enthalpy. the adsorption of corrosion products, which acts as a barrier. ΔH° = 10.74 kJ.mol-1 and entropy Δ𝑆° = 0.10 kJ.mol-1 .K-1,. limiting the growth of oxygen reduction. While in presence. as obtained from equations (11) and (12).. ΔH° = −𝑅𝑇𝑙𝑛𝑘. of inhibitor at different concentrations, it is found that loop. pte. ∆G° =-RTLn55.5.K. sizes increase with the increasing concentration of O.F.I to a. (10). concentration of 8% (v/v) beyond which the loops are. (11). superimposed. Despite the concentrations (1, 2, 4 and 6% (v/v)), it is observed that the presence of an inductive loop appears at low frequencies. It can be explained by a. (12). rearrangement of inhibitory molecules on steel surface.. ce. With:. T: temperature;. Furthermore, from Table 4, the CPEf. ΔG °: free enthalpy of adsorption;. increasing concentration of O.F.I. While the resistance of. R: constant of perfect gases.. transfer. Ac. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60. Page 6 of 10. charge. increases. to. a. decreases with the. maximum. value. of. 223.25Ω.cm for a concentration of 10% (v/v). The recorded 2. 6.

(8) Page 7 of 10. Journal XX (XXXX) XXXXXX. Amel. Oulabbas et al. variation of Re values is due to interference with the electrochemical. interface. (negligible. current,. distance. Re. CPEc. between electrodes).. Rc. Table 4. Impedance parameters of XC52 steel corrosion in 1M H3PO4 without and with O.F.I. Rtc. Cdl. Cf. L. % (v/v). (Ω.cm2). (Ω.cm2). (mF.s1/n .cm-2). (mF.s1/n .cm-2). (H). 0. 18.27. 71.65. 0.42. 0.58. 0.6. -. 1. 21.63. 78.93. 0.31. 0.47. 0.7. 16.48. 2. 20.42. 96.29. 0.32. 0.42. 0.7. 41.8. 22.68. 102.58. 0.25. 0.31. 0.8. 28.96. 6. 23.54. 145.02. 0.23. 0.29. 0.7. 38.16. 8. 21.84. 215.56. 0.19. 0.21. 0.7. -. 10. 23.05. 223.25. 0.17. 0.15. 0.7. -. L1. Element Freedom Value Error Re Fixed(X) 0 N/A Fig. 7. Equivalent circuit of steel immersed in CPEc-T Fixed(X) 0 N/A without1 O.F.I CPEc-P Fixed(X) N/A Rc Fixed(X) 0 N/A CPEdl-T Fixed(X) 0 N/A CPEdl-P Fixed(X) 1 N/A Rct Fixed(X) 0 N/A Re L1 Fixed(X) CPEc 0 N/A Rc. Data File: Circuit Model File: Mode: Maximum Iterations: Optimization Iterations: Type of Fitting: Element of Weighting: Freedom Fig.Type 8. Equivalent circuit of. Re CPEc-T CPEc-P Rc CPEdl-T CPEdl-P Rct L1. dM. The equivalent circuit might be schematized for. 1,. 1M. Error % H3PON/A 4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A. CPEdl Rct. L1. Run Simulation / Freq. Range (0,001 - 1000000) 100 0 Complex Value Error Error % Calc-Modulus steel immersed in 1M H PO at. Fixed(X) 0 Fixed(X) 0 concentrations Fixed(X) 1 2, 4 and 6% (v/v) of O.F.I. Fixed(X) 0 Fixed(X) 0 Fixed(X) 1 Fixed(X) 0 Fixed(X) 0. an. 4. Rct. cri pt. Re. CPEdl. us. C. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A. 3. 4. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A. different concentrations. A model describing electrochemical. Data File: Circuit Model File: Mode: Maximum Iterations: Optimization Iterations: Type of Fitting: of Weighting:circuit Fig.Type 9. Equivalent. behavior of H3PO4 iron-solution interface could be suggested when the layer of corrosion products is in progress formation. (Fig.7). Nonetheless, with higher concentrations the size of. the loop increases. This confirms the formation of an inhibiting film that protects the metal surface. Furthermore, it is found that at. low concentration, the film formation. is. pte. incomplete; hence the appearance of inductive loops. (Fig.8).However, the film covers the entire surface for. ce. concentrations of 8 and 10% (v/v) O.F.I (Fig.9).. Ac. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60. AUTHOR SUBMITTED MANUSCRIPT - MRX2-101197.R1. 7. Run Simulation / Freq. Range (0,001 - 100000 100 0 Complex of steel Calc-Modulus immersed in 1M H3PO4 at. concentrations 8 and 10 % (v/v) of O.F.I..

(9) AUTHOR SUBMITTED MANUSCRIPT - MRX2-101197.R1. Journal XX (XXXX) XXXXXX. Amel. Oulabbas et al O.F.I is smooth due to the presence of a protective film. 3.4. Characterization of surface by electron microscopy (SEM). (Fig.10 b).. The micrographs of XC52 steel immersed in 1M. CONCLUSION. H3PO4 in the absence and presence of 10 %(v/v) of O.F.I are. cri pt. Results in this work reveal that O.F.I has a. illustrated in Fig.10.. remarkable inhibitory power on XC52 steel in 1M H3PO4 and the following conclusions can be made:. - An efficiency of 90% at 10% (v/v)is achieved with weight loss;. - The adsorption of O.F.I molecules on metal surface follows a spontaneous process that covers the entire steel surface, as. us. shown by the Langmuir isotherm model;. - The current density values confirm that O.F.I is a mixed inhibitor and its effectiveness reaches 83.6% at 10% (v/v);. an. - EIS results indicate that the presence of O.F.I in 1M H 3PO4 increases the value of Rct while reducing the value of CPEf; -The value of. obtained in this study, suggests that the. dM. adsorption of O.F.I is spontaneous, and involves physical adsorption; -The analysis of SEM micrographs shows the formation of a protective film on XC52 surface under the effect of an inhibitor; -These results clearly show that XC52 steel corrosion can. pte. inhibited by the O.F.I molecule adsorption process.. References. ce. [1] M. Quraishi, F. Ansari and D. Jamal 2002 Green approach to corrosion inhibition of mild steel in hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid solutions by the extract of Murraya koenigii leaves Mater. Chem. Phys. 77 687690 [2] C. Kustu., K. Emregul and O. Atakol 2007 Schiﬀ bases of increasing complexity as mild steel corrosion inhibitors in 2M HCl Corros. Sci 49 28002814. Fig. 10. SEM micrographs of XC52 steel, in 1M H3PO4 (a)without O.F.I and, (b) with O.F.I at 10% (v/v). The effect of H3PO4 on steel causes a large dissolution of. [3] W. Yangmin, Z. Shengguo, Z. Wenjie and O. Lu, 2018 parative corrosion resistance properties between (Cu, Ce)-DLC and Ti co-doped (Cu, Ce)/Ti-DLC ﬁlms. metal, thus the presence of holes and a visible roughness on. Ac. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60. Page 8 of 10. the surface (Fig.10 a). Nonetheless, the surface immersed in. 8.

(10) Page 9 of 10. Journal XX (XXXX) XXXXXX. Amel. Oulabbas et al Ficus Indica et possibilités de valorisation alimentaire Agricultura- stiinta si practica 1 6566. [4] M. Gobara, B. Zaghloul, M. Elsayed, M. Zourainy, M.M. Kotb and H. Elnabarawy 2017 Green corrosion ihnibition of mild steel to aqueous sulfiric acid by the extract of corchorus olitorius stems Mater. Res. Express 4 046504. [14] J. M. Feugang, P. Konarski, D. .. Florian, C. Stintzing and C. Zou 2006 Nutritional and medicinal use of cactus pear cladodes andfruits Front BioSci 11 25742589. cri pt. prepared via magnetron sputtering method Chem. Phys. Lett. 705 5058. [15] M. Castellar, L. Obón and J. .Fernández-López 2003 Color Properties and Stability of Betacyanins from Opuntia fruits J Agric Food Chem. 51 27722776. [5] H.J. Habeeb,H.M. Luaibi, T.A. Abdullah, R.M. Dakhil, A. A. H. Kadhum and A.A. Al-Amiery 2018 Case Study on Thermal Impact of Novel Corrosion Inhibitor on Mild Steel Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 12 6468. [16] D. Strack, T. Vogt and W. Schliemann 2003 Recent advances in betalain research Phytochemistry Phytochemisty 62 24726. [6] Z. Bouzoubaa, Y. Essoukrati, S. Tahrouch, A. Hatimi, S. harby et H. Harhar 2014 Etude physico-chimique de deux vaviétés de figuier de barbarie ( ‘Achefri’ et ‘ Amouslem’) du sud marocain les technologies de laboratoire 8 138. us. [17] Y. Mizrahi, A. Nerd and P. Nobel 1997 Cacti as crops Horticultural Reviews 18 291320 [18] F. Stintzing, A. Schieber and R. Carle 2003 Evaluation of colour properties and chemical quality parameters of cactus juices Eur Food Res Technol 216 303311. an. [7] Z. Ghazi, H. Elmssellem, M. Ramdani, A. Chetouani, R. Rmil, A. Aouniti, C. Jama and B. Hammouti 2014 Corrosion inhibition by naturally occurring substance containing Opuntia Ficus Indica extract on the corrosion of steel in hydrochloric acide J Chem Pharm Res. 6 14171427. [19] M. R. Moßhammer, F. C. Stintzing and C. Reinhold, 2006 Cactus Pear Fruits (Opuntia spp.): A Review of Processing Technologies and Current Uses J Prof Assoc Cactus 8 125 [20] R. Wallace 1986 Molecular systematic study of the Cactaceae: Using chloroplast DNA variation to elucidate Cactus phylogeny Bradleya 13 112. [9] D. Ganta, J. Jara and R. Villanueva 2017 Dye-sensitized solar cells using Aloe Vera and Cladode of Cactus extracts as natural sensitizers Chem. Phys. Lett. 679 97101. [21] J. Kuti 2000 Antioxidant Activity of Opuntia Cactus Pears Hort Science 433 35. dM. [8] A. Piga 2004 Cactus pear: a fruit of nutraceutical and functional importance J Prof Assoc Cactus 6 922. [22] R. Solmaz, G. Kardas, B. Yazici and M. Erbil, 2005 Inhibition effect of rhodanine for corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution Prot Met+ 6 581585. [10] M.M. Wilfrido, T.A. Andres 2016 The inhibitive properties of nopal slime on the corrosion of steel in chloride contaminated mortar Anti-Corros Method M 63 6571. pte. [23] H. Hammouch, L. Bennghmouch, A. Srhiri and N. Hajjaji 2007 Inhibition of iron corrosion using Opuntia Ficus Indica extract Cactusnet Newsletter 11 5761. [11] F. D. Lorenzo, A. Silipo, A. Molinaro, M. Parrilli, C. Schiraldi, A. D’Agostino, E. Izzo, L. Rizza, A. Bonina, F. Bonina et o. Lanzetta 2017 The polysaccharide and low molecular weight components of Opuntia ficus indica cladodes: structure and skin repairing properties Carbohyd Polym 157 128136. [24] A. El-Etre 2003 inhibition of aluminum corrosion using Opuntia extract Corros. Sci 45 24842495. ce. [25] Z. Ghazi et al. 2014 Corrosion inhibition by naturally occurring substance containing Opuntia-Ficus Indica extract on the corrosion of steel in hydrochloric acid In J Chem Pharm Res. 6 14171425. [12] C. Andres-Lacueva & R. Zamora-Ros 2010 Wanted: specific nutritional biomarkers for food consumption for the study of its protective role in health Brit J Nutr103 307308. [26] H. Hammouch, A. Dermaj, N. Hajjaji, N. Bettach, A. Srhiri et H. Takenouti 2013 Science Lib Editions Mersenne 5 130201. [13] T. H. Sadok, F. Aid, M. Bellal et M. S. A. Hussain 2008 Composition chimique des jeunes cladodes d’Opuntia. Ac. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60. AUTHOR SUBMITTED MANUSCRIPT - MRX2-101197.R1. 9.

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