Assessment of mineral regimes in the East African community : aligning frameworks with the African mining vision

(1)

Assessment of Mineral Regimes in the East African Community:

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# X

X X

XX X

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X X X X

X X X

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X X

X

X X

X

X RIYADH

SANAA

Lac V olta

CAPE TOWN Lob aye

Sénégal Niger

Sirba

Benoué Niger

Niger dougou

Logone Chari

Oubangui

Ouban

gui Congo

Congo Congo

Lualaba

Ogoué Ivindo

Ng

oun

Kasai

Kas ai Lukenie

Kwango

Cassai Sankuru

Mbomu Uele

Aruwimi

Cu bango

Cuito Cunene

Cunene Cuando Lungue Bungo Cuanza

Cu ango

Zambezi

Zambezi Kabompo

Kafue Luangwa Chambeshi Luapula Lufira

Ruwuma Rufiji Ruhaha Great Igombe

Tana Jubba

Shabaelle Shebele Genale Blue N

ile White Nile

Awash

Athi Galana Moulouya

Nile

Gambie

Komoe

Nzi

Band

ama

Sa

ssan

dra

White Volta

Black Volta Oueme

Mono Moa

Rokel

St Paul

Sa

nkarani Bafing

BakoyeBaoulé Bani

Orange Orange

Limpopo

Vaal

Sak

Tugela Lugenda

Lurio

Save Sebou

Tshuapa

Luyua Kotto Bamingui Ouham

Kadei Sanaga

Vina

Chari

Koma

Gongola Kaduna Rima Sokoto Niger

Tinkisso

Mbini Boumba

Chinko

Lomani Ruki B A S S I N D U S A H A R A S E P T E N T R I O N A L

M U R Z U K B A S I N

N U B I A N B

A S I N B A S S I N D E T I N D O U F

B A S S I N D E T A

O U D E N I

B A S S I N S E N E G A L O M A U R I T A N I E N

B A S S I N

D E S I

U L L E M E D E

N

B A S S I N D U T C H A D

U M M R U W A B A B A S I N

B A S S

I N D U

C O N G O

L O W E R K A

L A H A R I B A S I N

K A R O

O B A S I N U

P P E R K

A L A H A

R I B A S

I N C U V E L A I - EB A S I N T O S H A

Lake Victoria

L a k e

T a n g a n y k a

L a k e M a l a

w i

H a u t O g o u é Plateaux mandingues

Massif de Liptako

T i b e s t i A h a g g a r

G r a n d E r g O c c i d e n t a l

P l a t e a u du T i n r h e r t

T a d e m a ï t

G h a z a l G r a n d E r g d e B i l m a

Goulm i de Maradi

P l a t e a u d e l a

A d a ma o u a

H a u t e K o t t o H a m a d a d u D r a a

T a n e z r o u f t

A d r a r

O u a d d a ï

K u r d u f a n

Bamingui Bangoran Chari

BaguirmiGuerra

Massif de Termit

E r g d u T é n é r é

T a h o u a T a m e s n a

S a r i r a l Q a t t u s a h Al H a m m a d a h al H a m r a

Tidikelt Sebkha Mekerrhane

Erg d ' A d m e r

F e z z a n I d e h a n a w b a r i Jabal Nafusah

S a r i r T i b e s t i

I d e h a n R e b i a n a

E r d i

E n n e d i Jabal Bin Ghunaymah Al Jabal al Gharb

Damergou

G

h u r d A b u M u h a r r i

k

G r a n d E r g O r i e n t a l

Tassili oua n Ahaggar Hamada

El Haricha E r g C h e c h E l H a n k

Plaine des Kora mas I r h a z e r

Vallée de l'Azaouak Vallée de l'Azagaret Vallée du Tilemsi

Bougoumi - Sikasso

K a s a ï C h a ï n e d e s M i n t u m b a

Tumbide Range

M o x i c o

C u a n d o

Okavango Delta

N a m i b D e s e

r t

Grè s du Tegama

D i o u r b e l

C a s a m a n c e F e r l o

Sulla m

ountains Cape mount

Gran d Gedeh Bong

A s h a n t i

Calabar Ogoja

A t a k o r a B é n o u é

Nana - Mambéré

H a u t e

M

o n t s de C r i s t a l

B e n g u e l a H u a m b o

C u b a n g o

Kilimandjaro

.

M

a la n g e M a s s i f R e g u i b a t e

B a h r e l A t l a s S a h a r i e n

A n t i A t l a s M o y e n A t l a s

Qattarah depression

Ghadir ar Razzah

Bassin de l'Azaouad nord

T é n é r éd u T a f a s s a s s e t

P l at ea u d e Ma n g u e ni P l at ea u d u D j a d o

C u v e t t e d e B a h r El G h a z a l Bassin de

l'Azaouad sud

Infracambrien plissé de Gourma

Delta intérieur du Niger

F o u t a D j a l l o n

Damaga ram Mounio

Lac Tchad

Mount Kinyeti(3187 m) B a s s e

K o t t o O m b e l l a -M p o k o M a s s i f

d u M a n

Grand Bassa

P l a t e a u x B a t é k é O g o u é L o l o

C u a n z a S u l C u a n z a N o r t e

Stampriet artesian basin TUNIS

ALGER

RABAT

TRIPOLI

EL-QAHIRA (CAIRO)

AL KHURTUM ASMARA

LUSAKA

ANTANANARIVO

WINDHOEK

MAPUTO PRETORIA COTONOU

GABORONE OUAGADOUGOU

YAMOUSSOUKRO ACCRA BISSAU

MONROVIA NOUAKCHOTT

ABUJA

HARARE

MBABANE

MASERU S I R T

Graben de GaoDétroit Soudanais Fossé d

e Tefidet K a o u a r Tim Mersoi

Dallol Maouri

Dallol Bosso

Fossé de Nara E r g K e n a c h i c h

Grès de Ba ndiag

ara

Grès de Koutiala Plaine du Gondo

Plaine de Nioro Bassin de Segou

Do

rsale de l'Azaouad

Etosha pa n

K a l a h a r i D e s e r t Gobabis - Ghanzi structure

A l I s t i w a

i y a h

C a p r i v i S t r i p

O g a d e n

D a m a r i d e s T r a r z a

S a l o u m

B A S I N C Y R E N A I C A

R E D S E A

I N D I A N O C E A N A T L A N T I C O C E A N

A n t o n g i l

V o h i b o r y I t r e m o I k a l a m a v o

n y

Bemarivo

Masora

AndroyenAnoysien M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A

I f o r a s H o g g a r

T a s s i l i n' A j j e r

C a p e f o l d b e l t Mouhoun

Nakambé Nazinon H a u t A t l a s

JERUSALEM AMMAN

S an g

h a O u b a n g u i e n

H a u t M b o m o u

W o l e u N t e m L i k i B e m b i en

O v a m b o l a n d

O t a v i

D a m a r a

W a t e r b e r g

D r a k e n s b e r g e

S w a r t b e r g e

U k i n g a

mtns

Livingstone U s a g a r a Dodoma belt Emi Koussi

(3415 m) Hadabat al Jilf al Kabir

Djabal al Uwaynat

DAKAR

NIAMEY BANJUL

BAMAKO NDJAMENA

DJIBOUTI

CONAKRY

ADIS ABEBA FREETOWN

LOME

BANGUI YAOUNDE MALABO

MUGDISHO

LIBREVILLE KAMPALA

NAIROBI KIGALI BUJUMBURA BRAZZAVILLE

KINSHASA

DAR ES SALAAM

LUANDA

LILONGWE A ï r

B i r S a f s a f

B a y u d a d e s e r t

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1

10

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29

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5

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2

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4

5

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58

54

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7

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1

57 58 46

69

54 44

64 73 Ma

30 Ma 38 Ma

50 Ma 79 Ma

113 Ma

50°E 50°E

45°E 45°E

40°E 40°E

35°E 35°E

30°E 30°E

25°E 25°E

20°E 20°E

15°E 15°E

10°E 10°E

5°E 5°E

0°

5°O 5°O

10°O 10°O

15°O 15°O

20°O 20°O

25°O 25°O

35°N 35°N

30°N 30°N

25°N 25°N

20°N 20°N

15°N 15°N

10°N 10°N

5°N 5°N

0° 0°

5°S 5°S

10°S 10°S

15°S 15°S

20°S 20°S

25°S 25°S

30°S 30°S

35°S 35°S

40°S 40°S

^

# X

12

6 5

7

34

89

1011 1213 14

272829 15 1617 1819 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

30

323332 - Ds - sedimentary 33 - Dp - plutonic 3131 - DCs - sedimentary

3434 - SDs - sedimentary 3535 - OCs - sedimentary

1 - Qs - sedimentary 2 - Qv - volcanic 3 - Np - plutonic 4 - Nv - volcanic

6 - Ev - volcanic 5 - ENs - sedimentary

7 - PNs - sedimentary 8 - CZs - sedimentary 9 - CZv - volcanic 10 - K2s - sedimentary 11 - K2v - volcanic 12 - K1s - sedimentary 13 - K1v - volcanic

56 - NPvs - volcano-sedimentary 57 - NPp - plutonic 58 - NPm - metamorphic

59606162

59 - MPNPs - sedimentary 60 - MPNPms - metasedimentary 61 - MPNPm - metamorphic

Main occcurence of diamondiferous kimberlite

Jurassic Cenozoic Cretaceous Oceanic plateau (with mean age) and

second order elevation (white contour) SDRs (Seaward deeping reflector sequences) related to the opening of the South Atlantic ocean during Early Cretaceous (passive margin volcanism) x Ma OCEANIC CRUST (Atlantic and Indian Oceans) and OCEANIC DOMAIN

1 - Geological contact 2 - Fault 3 - Inferred fault 4 - Thrust fault 14 - Ks - sedimentary

15 - JKp - plutonic 16 - Js - sedimentary 17 - Jv - volcanic 18 - TJs - sedimentary 19 - TJsK - sedimentary (Karoo) 20 - TJ1d - subvolcanic (CAMP) 21 - Ts - sedimentary 22 - MZd - dolerite, carbonatite, syenite 23 - PJsK - sedimentary (Karoo) 24 - PTs - sedimentary 25 - CKsGN - continental sedimentary (Nubian Sandstone) 26 - CJs - sedimentary

27 - CPs - sedimentary 28 - CPsK - sedimentary (Karoo) 29 - CPp - plutonic 30 - Cs - sedimentary

3636 - ODs - sedimentary 3737 - OSs - sedimentary 3838 - €Ds - sedimentary 394039 - €Os - sedimentary

40 - €Ovs - volcano-sedimentary 4141 - €s - sedimentary 42 43

42 - NP3Os - sedimentary 43 - NP3€s - sedimentary 4444 - NP€p - plutonic

45464748

45 - NP3s - sedimentary 46 - NP3pa - plutonic alcalin and alcali-calcic 47 - NP3pca - plutonic calco-alcalin (Hoggar) 48 - NP3m - metamorphic 4949 - NP2-3vs - volcano-sedimentary 50515250 - NP2s - sedimentary

51 - NP2vs - volcano-sedimentary 52 - NP2p - plutonic 53 54

69 53 - NP1-3s - sedimentary 54 - NP1-2vs - volcano-sedimentary

565758

62 - MPNPpm - plutonic and metamorphic

CENOZOICMESOZOICPALEOZOICPROTEROZOIC

636463 - MPs - sedimentary 64 - MPpm - plutonic and metamorphic 656665 - PP3-4vs - volcano-sedimentary 66 - PP3-4pm - plutonic and metamorphic

68

707172737475

767776 - PPpm - plutonic and metamorphic 77 - PPvp - volcanic and plutonic 7878 - NAPP2svs - sedimentary and volcano-sedimentary

798081

828384

79 - NAPPm - metamorphic 80 - NAPPpm - plutonic and metamorphic 81 - NAPPp - plutonic 82 - NAvsm - volcano-sedimentary and metamorphic 83 - NAvsp - volcano-sedimentary and plutonic 84 - NApm - plutonic and metamorphic 85 86

85 - MANAvs - volcano-sedimentary 86 - MAm - metamorphic

8889909192

9393 - PAMApm - plutonic and metamorphic 949594 - PAvsm - volcano-sedimentary and metamorphic

95 - PApm - plutonic and metamorphic 96 97989997 - P€vs - volcano-sedimentary

98 - P€mp - metamorphic and plutonic 99 - P€v - volcanic 96 - P€PZd - diorite and dolerite

ARCHEANPROTEROZOIC

Lake CONTINENTAL AREAS

LEGEND

Carbonatite 5 - Inferred thrust fault 6 - Normal fault 7 - Inferred normal fault 1 2 4 6 3 5 7

M25M21M16M10NM4M0343125211813650.019.720.133.140.147.955.967.783.5120.4126.7131.9139.6147.7

154.3 MAGNETICANOMALYAGE (Ma)

Historically active volcano

1 2

45

3 1 - COB - Continental Ocean Boundary 2 - Spreading ridge axis 3 - Isochron line 4 - Transform fault 5 - Inferred transform fault 1 - Red Sea. West Mediterranean 2 - East Mediterranean

12

Astroblem Quaternary2.6 - 0 Ma

Upper Cretaceous 100.5 - 66 Ma Neogene 23 - 2.6 Ma Paleogene to Neogene 66 - 2.6 Ma Paleogene 66 - 23 Ma Tertiary 66 - 2.6 Ma Cenozoic 66 - 0 Ma

Lower Cretaceous 145 - 100.5 Ma

Mesozoic 252 - 66 Ma Permian to Jurassic 299 - 145 Ma Permian to Triassic 299 - 201 Ma Carboniferous to Cretaceous Cretaceous 145 - 66 Ma Jurassic to Cretaceous 201 - 66 Ma Jurassic 201 - 145 Ma Triassic toJurassic 252 - 145 Ma Triassic to Lower Jurassic 252 - 174 Ma Triassic 252 - 201 Ma

359 - 66 Ma

69 - PP2mNP3 - with Ediacaran metamorphism (Hoggar)

8787 - MAmPP3 - with Orosirian metamorphism (Hoggar) 70 - PP2svs - sedimentary and volcano-sedimentary 71 - PP2vsm - volcano-sedimentary and metamorphic 72 - PP2m - metamorphic 73 - PP2p - plutonic 74 - PP2pm - plutonic and metamorphic 75 - PP2v - volcanic

88 - MAvs - volcano-sedimentary 89 - MAvsm - volcano-sedimentary and metamorphic 90 - MAp - plutonic 91 - MApm - plutonic and metamorphic 92 - MAm - metamorphic Carboniferous toJurassic

359 - 145 Ma Carboniferous to Permian 359 - 252 Ma Carboniferous 359 - 299 Ma Devonian to Carboniferous 419 - 299 Ma Devonian 419 - 359 Ma Silurian to Devonian 443 - 359 Ma Ordovician to Carboniferous 485 - 299 Ma Ordovician toDevonian 485 - 359 Ma Ordovician to Silurian 485 - 419 Ma Cambrian to Devonian 541 - 359 Ma Cambrian to Ordovician 541 - 443 Ma Cambrian 541 - 485 Ma Ediacaran to Ordovician 635 - 443 Ma Ediacaran to Cambrian 635 - 485 Ma Neoproterozoic toCambrian 1.000 - 485 Ma

Ediacaran 635 - 541 Ma Cryogenian to Ediacaran 850 - 541 Ma Cryogenian 850 - 635 Ma Tonian to Ediacaran 1.000 - 541 Ma Tonian to Cryogenian 1.000 - 635 Ma Tonian55 1.000 - 850 Ma 55 - NP1s - sedimentary Neoproterozoic 1.000 - 541 Ma Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic1.6 - 0.541 Ga Mesoproterozoic 1.6 - 1.0 Ga Orosirian to Statherian 2.05 - 1.6 Ga

Orosirian 2.05 - 1.8 Ga Rhyacian 2.3 - 2.05 Ga Rhyacian 2.3 - 2.05 Ga Paleoproterozoic 2.5 - 1.6 Ga Neoarchean to Rhyacian 2.8 - 2.05 Ga Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic 2.8 - 1.6 Ga Neoarchean 2.8 - 2.5 Ga Mesoarchean to Neoarchean 3.2 - 2.5 Ga Mesoarchean (to Neoarchean ?) 3.2 - 2.5? Ga Mesoarchean3.2 - 2.8 Ga Mesoarchean 3.2 - 2.8 Ga Paleoarchean to Mesoarchean 3.6 - 2.8 Ga Paleoarchean3.6 - 3.2 Ga

Precambrian 4.6 - 0.541 Ga Precambrian to Paleozoic 4.6 - 0.252 Ga 67 Orosirian 2.05 - 1.8 Ga 67 - PP3mNP3 - with Ediacaran metamorphism (Hoggar)

68 - PP3p - plutonic

500 0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 km

SCALE 1:10,000,000

SPECIAL EDITION FOR THE 35TH INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS Publiée à l’occasion du 35e Congrès Géologique International

27 August - 4 September 2016 Cape Town, South Africa

Printing sponsored by the This map was prepared at the French Geological Survey (BRGM) by Denis Thiéblemont, with the technical (GIS) support of Frédéric Chêne, using the following documents:

- the Geology and major deposits of Africa map at 1:10M scale, by J. P. Milesi et al. (2004), - the CGMW Geological Map of Africa at 1:5M scale (1st edition, 1985-1990),

- the most recent national geological maps of the following countries: Algeria, Angola, Burkina-Fasso, Central Africa, Chad, Congo (Dem. Rep), Congo (Rep.), Djibouti, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea (Central and Eastern regions),Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritania, Tanzania, and regional upgrades of other areas using academic papers.

Regional syntheses arranged according to the general legend were provided as follows:

Tuareg shield: Jean-Paul Liégeois (Royal Museum for Central Africa - RMCA, Tervuren, Belgium) and Aziouz Ouabadi (Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene - USTHB, Algiers, Algeria).

South Lybia, Northern Niger and Nothern Chad areas: xxx Algiers (Algeria)

East African rift: Bernard Le Gall, René Maury (University of Brest, France) and Mohamed Jalludin (Centre d’Étude et de Recherche de Djibouti - CERD, Republic of Djibouti) Ivory Coast: Max Vidal (University of Orléans, France) and Cyril Ouattara Gbélé (ESMG, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast) Cameroon: Rigobert Tchaméni (University of N'gaoundéré, Cameroon) Congo: Max Fernandez-Alonso (Royal Museum for Central Africa - RMCA, Tervuren, Belgium) André Michard, Pierre Nehlig, Philippe Rossi , ... are acknowledged for their thorough review of parts of the map.

Cette carte a été préparée au Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM, France) par Denis Thiéblemont, avec la collaboration technique (SIG) de Frédéric Chêne, à partir des documents suivants : - la Carte géologique et des principaux gites minéraux d’Afrique à 1:10M, par J. P. Milesi et al. (2004),

- la Carte géologique de l’Afrique à 1:5M (CCGM, 1ère édition, 1985-1990)

- les cartes géologiques nationales des pays suivants : Algérie, Angola, Burkina-Fasso, Centre Afrique, Congo (Rep. Dém.), Congo (Rép.), Djibouti, Éthiopie, Gabon, Guinée (régions centrale et orientale), Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritanie, Tanzanie, Tchad, et d’actualisations régionales à partir de publications académiques.

Des synthèses régionales ont été fournies par des collaborateurs pour les secteurs suivants :

Bouclier touareg : Jean-Paul Liégeois (Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale - MRAC, Tervuren, Belgique) et Aziouz Ouabadi (Faculté des Sciences de la Terre, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene - USTHB, Alger, Algérie)

Région sud Libye, nord Niger et nord Tchad : xxxx, Alger (Algérie)

Rift est-africain : Bernard Le Gall, René Maury (Université de Brest, France) et Mohamed Jalludin (Centre d’Étude et de Recherche de Djibouti - CERD, République de Djibouti) Côte d’Ivoire : Max Vidal (Université d’Orléans, France) et Cyril Ouattara Gbélé (ESMG, Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire) Cameroun : Rigobert Tchaméni (Université de N'gaoundéré, Cameroun) Congo : Max Fernandez-Alonso (Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale - MRAC, Tervueren, Belgique) André Michard, Pierre Nehlig, Philippe Rossi , ... sont remerciés pour leur relecture de parties de cette carte.

La partie maritime a été réalisée grace aux données fournies par TOTAL et adaptées à partir de la Carte Tectonique à 1:10M de l’Afrique (CCGM, 2010)..

CARTE GÉOLOGIQUE DE L’AFRIQUE

à 1 : 10 millionième GEOLOGICAL MAP OF AFRICA

1:10 million scale

Printed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia by the ECA Printing and Publishing Unit. ISO 14001:2004 certified.

Printed on Chlorine Free Paper

Aligning Frameworks with the African Mining Vision

(2)

Assessment of Mineral Regimes in the East African Community:

Aligning Frameworks with the African Mining Vision

(3)

the African Mining Vision, please contact:

Publications Section

Economic Commission for Africa P.O. Box 3001

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Tel: +251 11 544-9900 Fax: +251 11 551-4416 E-mail: ecainfo@uneca.org Web: www.uneca.org

First printing January 2017 ISBN: 978-99944-68-82-9

Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted.

Acknowledgement is requested, together with a copy of the publication.

The designations employed in this report and the material presented in it do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa or the African Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Designed and printed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia by the ECA Printing and Publishing Unit. ISO 14001:2004 certified. Printed on chlorine free paper

Cover photos: Shutterstock.com

(4)

Assessment of mineral regimes in the East African community : aligning frameworks with the African mining vision

Assessment of Mineral Regimes in the East African Community:

Aligning Frameworks with the African Mining Vision

Assessment of Mineral Regimes in the East African Community:

Aligning Frameworks with the African Mining Vision

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