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Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Figure 3 1 10 100 1000
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Measured rainfall tritium activity at Thonon les bains Computed rainfall activity at Thonon les bains
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Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Figure 4 A
Figure 4 B 1 10 100 1000 10000
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Tritium activity (TU)
Rainfall Evian-Cachat spring Versoie spring
Maxima spring Larringes-Pugny well
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Tritium activity (TU)
Rainfall Evian-Cachat spring Versoie spring
Maxima spring Larringes-Pugny well
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Comment citer ce document :
Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Figure 5 0 10 20 30 40 50
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Evian-Cachat Spring measured activities: at detection treshold or below ; () : value of the detection treshold other values, with uncertainty
Version postprint
Comment citer ce document :
Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Figure 6 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Tritium activity (TU)
Rainfall
Efficient Rainfall (computed)
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Comment citer ce document :
Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Figure 7 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Versoie spring Exponential + Piston Model
Piston Model Exponential Model
Piston Model Parameters : T = 5 years
R² =0.33 NASH = -2.87
Exponential Model Parameters : T = 5 years
R² = 0.992 NASH = 0.94 Exponential + Piston Model Parameters
Vexp. = 14 (58%) Vpist. = 10 (42%) Qexp. = 3.7 (79 %) Qpist. = 1 (21%) T = 5.1 years
R² = 0.993 NASH = 0.985
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Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Fig 8 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Tritium activity (TU)
Maxima spring Exponential + Piston Model
Piston model Exponential model
Piston Model Parameters : T = 2 years
R² =0.923 NASH = 0.602
Exponential Model Parameters : T = 5 years
R² = 0.977 NASH = 0.947 Exponential + Piston Model Parameters
Vexp. = 10 (42%) Vpist. = 14 (58 %) Qexp. = 2.9 (81%) Qpist. = 0.7 (19%) T = 6.7 years
R²= 0.989 NASH = 0.979
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Comment citer ce document :
Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Fig 9 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Larringes-Pugny well
Exponential + Piston Model
Piston model Exponential Model
Piston Model Parameters : T = 2 years
R² =0.853 NASH = -2.710
Exponential Model Parameters : T = 7 years
R² = 0.967 NASH = 0.880 Exponential + Piston Model Parameters
Vexp. = 10 (33%) Vpist. = 20 (67%) Qexp. = 4 (83%) Qpist. = 0.8 (17%) T = 6.3 years
R²= 0.993 NASH = 0.993
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Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Figure 10
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Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Fig. 11 A 0 10 20 30 40
1950 1960 1970 1980
DM (T= 68 years; DP= 0.5), PFM (T= 2 years), 1.3 % less slow flow DM (T= 68 years; DP= 0.5), PFM (T= 2.5 years), 1.3 % less slow flow DM (T= 68 years; DP= 0.5), PFM (T= 3 years), 1.3 % less slow flow Evian-Cachat Spring measured activities:
at detection treshold or below ; () : value of the detection treshold other values, with uncertainty
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Comment citer ce document :
Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Figure 11 B 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
1950 1960 1970 1980
Tritium activity (TU)
DM (T= 68 years; DP= 0.5), PFM (T= 2.5 years), 1.5 % less slow flow DM (T= 68 years; DP= 0.5), PFM (T= 2.5 years), 1.3 % less slow flow DM (T= 68 years; DP= 0.5), PFM (T= 2.5 years), 1.1 % less slow flow Evian-Cachat Spring measured activities:
at detection treshold or below ; () : value of the detection treshold other values, with uncertainty
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Comment citer ce document :
Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Fig. 12 A 0 10 20 30 40 50
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
DM (T= 64 years; DP= 0.5), PFM (T= 2.5 years), 1.3 % less slow flow DM (T= 66 years; DP= 0.5), PFM (T= 2.5 years), 1.3 % less slow flow DM (T= 68 years; DP= 0.5), PFM (T= 2.5 years), 1.3 % less slow flow DM (T= 70 years; DP= 0.5), PFM (T= 2.5 years), 1.3 % less slow flow DM (T= 72 years; DP= 0.5), PFM (T= 2.5 years), 1.3 % less slow flow Evian-Cachat Spring measured activities:
at detection treshold or below ; () : value of the detection treshold other values, with uncertainty
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Comment citer ce document :
Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Figure 12 B 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Tritium activity (TU)
DM (T= 68 years; DP= 0.55), PFM (T= 2.5 years), 1.3 % less slow flow DM (T= 68 years; DP= 0.525), PFM (T= 2.5 years), 1.3 % less slow flow DM (T= 68 years; DP= 0.5), PFM (T= 2.5 years), 1.3 % less slow flow DM (T= 68 years; DP= 0.475), PFM (T= 2.5 years), 1.3 % less slow flow DM (T= 68 years; DP= 0.45), PFM (T= 2.5 years), 1.3 % less slow flow Evian-Cachat Spring measured activities:
at detection treshold or below ; () : value of the detection treshold other values, with uncertainty
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Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Figure 13
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Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Figure 14A 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Tritium activity (TU)
detection limit Cachat spring
In Line DM (T= 68 years; DP= 0.5), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%
In Line EM (T= 6 years), DM (T= 60 years; DP= 0.75), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%;
Nash= 0.908, R²= 0.969
In Line EM (T= 7 years), DM (T= 60 years; DP= 0.75), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%;
Nash= 0.934, R²= 0.968
In Line EM (T= 8 years), DM (T= 60 years; DP= 0.75), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%;
Nash= 0.926, R²= 0.964
In Line EM (T= 9 years), DM (T= 60 years; DP= 0.75), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%;
Nash= 0.895, R²= 0.958
In Line EM (T= 10 years), DM (T= 60 years; DP= 0.75), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%;
Nash= 0.849, R²= 0.95
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Comment citer ce document :
Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Figure 14B 0 10 20 30 40 50
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
detection limit Cachat spring
In Line DM (T= 68 years; DP= 0.5), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%
In Line EM (T= 8 years), DM (T= 58 years; DP= 0.75), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%;
Nash= 0.935, R²= 0.967
In Line EM (T= 8 years), DM (T= 59 years; DP= 0.75), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%;
Nash= 0.932, R²= 0.966
In Line EM (T= 8 years), DM (T= 60 years; DP= 0.75), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%;
Nash= 0.926, R²= 0.964
In Line EM (T= 8 years), DM (T= 61 years; DP= 0.75), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%;
Nash= 0.916, R²= 0.962
In Line EM (T= 8 years), DM (T= 62 years; DP= 0.75), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%;
Nash= 0.903, R²= 0.959
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Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Figure 14C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Tritium activity (TU)
detection limit Cachat spring
In Line DM (T= 68 years; DP= 0.5), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%
In Line EM (T= 8 years), DM (T= 60 years; DP= 0.7), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%; Nash=
0.89, R²= 0.955
In Line EM (T= 8 years), DM (T= 60 years; DP= 0.725), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%;
Nash= 0.911, R²= 0.96
In Line EM (T= 8 years), DM (T= 60 years; DP= 0.75), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%;
Nash= 0.926, R²= 0.964
In Line EM (T= 8 years), DM (T= 60 years; DP= 0.775), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%;
Nash= 0.934, R²= 0.967
In Line EM (T= 8 years), DM (T= 60 years; DP= 0.8), PFM (T= 2.5 years), less slow flow 1.3%; Nash=
0.935, R²= 0.968
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Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Figure 15
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Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
Tritium activities in Tritium Units Year
(calendar)
Rainfall Springs
Thonon CRG1
Efficient Rainfall (Computed)
Evian- Cachat
Spring Versoie spring
Maxima Spring
Larringes-Pugny Well
1952 20 17
1953 25 21 1
1954 278 236 5
1955 49 42
1956 139 118
1957 116 99
1958 469 399
1959 491 417
1960 140 119
1961 198 168
1962 886 753 7
1963 2907 2471 6
1964 1496 1272 8 674 703
1965 595 506 21 709
1966 247 210 18 447 530 510
1967 213 181 10 371 420 421
1968 217 184 6 271 283
1969 206 175 6 240 239 254
1970 189 161 16 215 185
1971 228 194 20 198 150
1972 144 122 30 168
1973 126 107 24 156
1974 113 96 29 140
1975 171 145 34 131
1976 117 99 34 141
1977 74 63 35 112
1978 86 73 38 98 87 76
1979 59 50 41 89
1980 33 28 36
1981 39 33
1982 29 24 45
1983 23 20 37
1984 22 19 35 40 38
1985 16 14 34
1986 22 19 41
1987 24 20 35 30
1988 25 21 34 30
1989 29 25 33
1990 17 14 34 25 21
1991 15 13 30 24 21
1992 15 13 26
1993 16 14 25 17
1994 19 16 24 16
1995 18 15 24
1996 21 18 19 17
1997 15 13 19
1998 12 10 18 16
1999 11 9 15 14
2000 8 7 16 12
2001 10 8
2002 9 8
2003 8 7
2004 10 8
2005 9 8 10 7
2006 8 7
2007 11 9 9 7
2008 8.8 7.5
2009 8.5 7.2 9 7 7
Table 1
1 In bold : computed data from Ottawa (see text)
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Blavoux, B. ., Lachassagne, P. . (Auteur de correspondance), Henriot, A. ., Ladouche, B. ., Marc, V. ., Beley, J.-J. ., Nicoud, G. ., Olive, P. (2013). A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers.
Journal of Hydrology, 494, 116-133. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.029
M anus cr it d ’a ut eur / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt M anus cr it d ’a ut eu r / Aut hor m anus cr ipt
(Flow rate) Volume segment (Flow rate) Volume segment Fitting parameters
%
L3.
T-1 % L3 years % L3.
T-1 % L3 years R² Nash
Versoie spring 100% - - - 5 0% - - - - 0.33 -2.872
0% - - - - 100% - - - 5 0.992 0.941
21% 1 42% 10 5.1 79% 3.7 58% 14 5.1 0.993 0.985
Maxima spring 100% - - - 2 0% - - - - 0.923 0.602
0% - - - - 100% - - - 5 0.977 0.947
19% 0.7 58% 14 6.7 81% 2.9 42% 10 6.7 0.989 0.979
Larringes-
Pugny well 100% - - - 2 0% - - - - 0.853 -2.71
0% - - - - 100% - - - 7 0.967 0.88
17% 0.8 67% 20 6.3 83% 4 33% 10 6.3 0.993 0.99
Table 2
