• Aucun résultat trouvé

SAIA : une utilisation conjointe du génie logiciel et des méthodes formelles

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "SAIA : une utilisation conjointe du génie logiciel et des méthodes formelles"

Copied!
6
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)SAIA : une utilisation conjointe du génie logiciel et des méthodes formelles Julien Deantoni, Jean-Philippe Babau. To cite this version: Julien Deantoni, Jean-Philippe Babau. SAIA : une utilisation conjointe du génie logiciel et des méthodes formelles. En vue - Lettre d’information de l’INSA de Lyon, INSA de lyon, 2009. �inria-00587097�. HAL Id: inria-00587097 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00587097 Submitted on 19 Apr 2011. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) >9,('(/¶,16$@. . "&. 6$,$. >/$%25$72,5(@. -($13+,/,33(%$%$8 ´ICWEJG 2TQHGUUGWT´NO7PKXGTUKVÃFG$TGUV LGCPRJKNKRRGDCDCW"WPKXDTGUVHT -8/,(1'($1721, +04+#5QRJKC#PVKRQNKU LWNKGPFGCPVQPK"KPTKCHT +0641&7%6+10 .GUQTFKPCVGWTURGTUQPPGNUUQPVNCOCPKHGUVCVKQPNCRNWUXK UKDNGFGNOCTTKXÃGOCUUKXGFGNOKPHQTOCVKSWGFCPUPQVTGSWQVK FKGP2QWTCWVCPVNCSWCUKVQVCNKVÃFGURTQEGUUGWTUSWGPQWU WVKNKUQPUGUVKPVÃITÃGFCPUFGUQDLGVUFGPQVTGSWQVKFKGP Và NÃRJQPGECTVG´RWEGÃNGEVTQOÃPCIGTXQKVWTGW EGUQPV FGU U[UVÂOGU GODCTSWÃU %GU FGTPKÂTGU CPPÃGU NC EQO RNGZKVÃFGEGUU[UVÂOGUUOGUVNCTIGOGPVCEETWG KPVÃITCVKQP FGRTQVQEQNGUFGEQOOWPKECVKQPCFCRVCVKQPF[PCOKSWGFW EQORQTVGOGPV &CPUNGOÄOGVGORUKNGUVPÃEGUUCKTGFG FÃXGNQRRGTEGUU[UVÂOGUFGRNWUGPRNWUTCRKFGOGPVCP FOÄVTGTÃCEVKHCWZDGUQKPUFWOCTEJÃ'PPNGWTCURGEVGP HQWKNOCDUGPEGFOQWVKNUFOCFOKPKUVTCVKQPGVRCTHQKUFO+*/NGWT WVKNKUCVKQPFCPUNGUU[UVÂOGUETKVKSWGUHQPVSWOKNUUQPVUQWOKU ´FGUEQPVTCKPVGUHQTVGUFGUWTGVÃFGHQPEVKQPPGOGPV#W PCNWPRTQEGUUWUFGFÃXGNQRRGOGPVCDNGGVRGTHQTOCPVFG U[UVÂOGGODCTSWÃUGFQKVFOCNNKGTNOCRRNKECVKQPFGURTKPEKRGU FWIÃPKGNQIKEKGNGVNOWVKNKUCVKQPFGVGEJPKSWGUHQTOGNNGU .GUU[UVÂOGUGODCTSWÃUXKUÃURCTEGVVGÃVWFGUQPVFGUU[U VÂOGUFGEQPVTÏNGFGRTQEGUUWU7PVGNU[UVÂOGGUVGPEJCTIG FGTÃIWNGTFGOCPKÂTGCDNGWPRTQEGUUWUFCPUUQPGPXKTQP PGOGPVRJ[UKSWG2QWTEGNCKNTÃEWRÂTGFGUKPHQTOCVKQPUGP RTQXGPCPEG FW OQPFG GZVÃTKGWT EOGUV´FKTG FW RTQEGUUWU FGUQPGPXKTQPPGOGPVRJ[UKSWGGVFGNOQRÃTCVGWT ´NOCKFGFG ECRVGWTUGVKNCIKVUWTNGRTQEGUUWU´NOCKFGFOCEVKQPPGWTU XQKTG (KIWTG &GEGHCKVNCEQOOWPKECVKQPFOWPU[UVÂOGGODCT SWÃCXGENGOQPFGGZVÃTKGWTGUVWPCURGEVGUUGPVKGNFGEGU. U[UVÂOGU2CTGZGORNGNO#$5 #PVK$NQECIG5[UVGO EQOOW PKSWGFGOCPKÂTGRGTOCPGPVGCXGENGOQPFGGZVÃTKGWTEOGUV ´FKTGCXGENCTQWGGVNGHTGKPFGNCXQKVWTG .GHCKVSWOWPU[UVÂOGGODCTSWÃUQKVNKôWPRTQEGUUWUGV FQPE ´ NC F[PCOKSWG FG EG RTQEGUUWU GP HCKV WP U[UVÂOG VGORUTÃGNEOGUV´FKTGWPU[UVÂOGFQPVNCXCNKFKVÃFÃRGPF PQP UGWNGOGPV FG NOCEVKQP GPVTGRTKUG OCKU CWUUK FW VGORU FCPU NGSWGN NOCEVKQP GUV GPVTGRTKUG  VKVTG FOKNNWUVTCVKQP NC EQOOCPFGFGHTGKPCIGFOWPXÃJKEWNGGUVFKVGEQTTGEVGUKGNNG TCNGPVKVNGXÃJKEWNGOCKUCWUUKUKGNNGGUVGHHGEVWÃGFCPUWP VGORUDQTPÃCRTÂUNOCRRWKUWTNCRÃFCNGFGHTGKP .GU ECTCEVÃTKUVKSWGU ÃPQPEÃGU RTÃEÃFGOOGPV KORNKSWGPV FGUFKHHÃTGPEGUGPVTGNGFÃXGNQRRGOGPVFGUU[UVÂOGUGO DCTSWÃUFGEQPVTÏNGFGRTQEGUUWUVGORUTÃGNGVNGFÃXGNQR RGOGPVFOWPU[UVÂOGENCUUKSWGUWTFGWZRQKPVURTKPEKRCWZ &OWPGRCTVNCETKVKEKVÃFGUU[UVÂOGUGVNGWTUEQPVTCKPVGUVGO RQTGNNGUKORQUGPVWPGXÃTKECVKQPHQTOGNNG&OCWVTGRCTVNOCU RGEVFÃFKÃFGUEJQKZVGEJPQNQIKSWGUGUVURÃEKSWG´EJCSWG FQOCKPGXQKTG´EJCSWGU[UVÂOG%OGUVRCTGZGORNGNGECU FW U[UVÂOG FOGZRNQKVCVKQP FW RTQEGUUGWT GVE  OCKU RNWU RCTVKEWNKÂTGOGPV FGU OQ[GPU FOKPVGTCEVKQP FG NOCRRNKECVKQP CXGE NG OQPFG GZVÃTKGWT NGU ECRVGWTU GV NGU CEVKQPPGWTU  %GUEJQKZVGEJPQNQIKSWGUKORCEVGPVNQWTFGOGPVNGEQORQT VGOGPVVGORQTGNFGUU[UVÂOGUGVFQKXGPVFQPEHCKTGNOQDLGV FOWPGCVVGPVKQPRCTVKEWNKÂTG #P FG OCÉVTKUGT PGOGPV NGU RCTCOÂVTGU VGORQTGNU NQTU FWFÃXGNQRRGOGPVGVCDQWVKT´WPU[UVÂOGEQTTGEVNGUOÃ. (KIWTG +NNWUVTCVKQP F WPU[UVÂOG FGEQPVTÏNG FGRTQEGUUWU.

(3) >3$5&2856@. 81(87,/,6$7,21&21-2,17( '8*e1,(/2*,&,(/ (7'(60e7+2'(6)250(//(6 VJQFGUWVKNKUÃGUUQPVUQWXGPVEGPVTÃGUUWTNOKORNÃOGPVCVKQP GVRTGPPGPVGPEQORVGNCVQVCNKVÃFGURCTCOÂVTGUFWU[UVÂOG CPFGTÃCNKUGTFGUTÃINCIGUPU=?=?.GU[UVÂOGGUVFÃ XGNQRRÃGVOKUCWRQKPVRQWTWPEQPVGZVGOCVÃTKGNGVRJ[UKSWG FQPPÃ+NGUVCNQTUVTÂUFKHEKNGFGTÃWVKNKUGTNCRCTVKGNQIKEKGNNG FGVGNUU[UVÂOGUFCPUWPEQPVGZVGOCVÃTKGNFKHHÃTGPV=? 2QWT CWVCPV CP FOÄVTG TÃCEVKH CWZ DGUQKPU FW OCTEJÃ EGU U[UVÂOGU FQKXGPV CWLQWTFOJWK RQWXQKT ÃXQNWGT TCRKFGOGPV SWGEGUQKVCWPKXGCWFGNCRCTVKGOCVÃTKGNNGQWFGNCRCTVKG NQIKEKGNNGSWK[GUVKORNCPVÃG'PRCTVKEWNKGTEQOOGFCPUNGU U[UVÂOGUENCUUKSWGUWPDGUQKPFGRNWUGPRNWUGZRTKOÃRCT NGUKPFWUVTKGNUGUVFGRQWXQKTFÃXGNQRRGTWPGCRRNKECVKQPNQIK EKGNNGGPUOCHHTCPEJKUUCPVFGNCEKDNGOCVÃTKGNNGGVGPRCTVKEWNKGT GPUOCHHTCPEJKUUCPVFGUECRVGWTUGVFGUCEVKQPPGWTU%GEKGUV FOCWVCPV RNWU XTCK SWG NGU RTGOKÂTGU RJCUGU FW FÃXGNQRRG OGPVFGUCRRNKECVKQPUNQIKEKGNNGUPGUQPVRCUGHHGEVWÃGUUWT WPGEKDNGOCVÃTKGNNGTÃGNNGOCKUUWTWPGEKDNGOCVÃTKGNNGUKOW NÃG2GTOGVVTGFGUOCHHTCPEJKTFGNCEKDNGOCVÃTKGNNGNQTUFWFÃ XGNQRRGOGPVQHHTGFGWZCXCPVCIGUEGTVCKPU VWPGCRRNKECVKQPFÃXGNQRRÃGGVXCNKFÃGUWTWPGEKDNGOCVÃ TKGNNGUKOWNÃGRGWVÄVTGFÃRNQ[ÃGUWTWPGEKDNGTÃGNNGUCPUOQ FKECVKQP VWPGCRRNKECVKQPRGWVÄVTGFÃRNQ[ÃGUWTFGUEKDNGUOCVÃTKGNNGU FKHHÃTGPVGU %GRGPFCPVRWKUSWGNCSWCNKVÃFGNOKPVGTCEVKQPGPVTGNOCRRNKEC VKQPGVNGRTQEGUUWUKORCEVGHQTVGOGPVNCXCNKFKVÃFWU[UVÂOG CPFGEQPUVTWKTGWPGCRRNKECVKQPEQTTGEVGOGPVTÃWVKNKUCDNGKN GUVPÃEGUUCKTGFGRQWXQKTSWCNKGTNCSWCNKVÃFOKPVGTCEVKQPPÃ EGUUCKTG´WPGCRRNKECVKQPRQWTGZÃEWVGTWPEQPVTÏNGEQTTGEV FW RTQEGUUWU %GU FKHHÃTGPVGU RTÃQEEWRCVKQPU PQWU EQPFWK UGPV´PQWURQUGTWPGUÃTKGFGSWGUVKQPU V %QOOGPV FÃXGNQRRGT WPG CRRNKECVKQP FG EQPVTÏNG FG RTQ EGUUWU KPFÃRGPFCOOGPV FOWPG VGEJPQNQIKG URÃEKSWG FG ECRVGWTUGVFOCEVKQPPGWTU! V%QOOGPVURÃEKGTGVXCNKFGTNCSWCNKVÃFOKPVGTCEVKQPPÃEGU UCKTG´NOCRRNKECVKQPRQWTCUUWTGTWPEQPVTÏNGEQTTGEV! V %QOOGPV XCNKFGT EGVVG SWCNKVÃ FOKPVGTCEVKQP ´ NOCKFG FOWPG RJCUGFGUKOWNCVKQP! V'VGPPEQOOGPVUOCUUWTGTSWOWPGVGEJPQNQIKGFGECRVGWTU GVFOCEVKQPPGWTUTÃGNUTGURGEVGNCSWCNKVÃFOKPVGTCEVKQPURÃEK ÃGRCTNOCRRNKECVKQP! %GVCTVKENGTÃUWOGNGUTÃRQPUGUCRRQTVÃGU´EGUSWGUVKQPUCW VTCXGTUFGNCVJÂUGGHHGEVWÃGRCT,WNKGP&G#PVQPKCWUGKPFW NCDQTCVQKTG%+6+FGNO+05#FG.[QP.CVJÂUGUOCRRWKGUWTNOWVK NKUCVKQPFGURTKPEKRGUFGIÃPKGNQIKEKGNNKÃU´NCUVTWEVWTCVKQPFG NQIKEKGN UQHVYCTGCTEJKVGEVWTG GVCWZCRRTQEJGUFKTKIÃGURCT NGUOQFÂNGU2NWURCTVKEWNKÂTGOGPVNOÃVWFGUOCVVCEJG´HQWTPKT FOWPG RCTV FGU RTKPEKRGU FG UVTWEVWTCVKQP RGTOGVVCPV FG FÃ XGNQRRGTWPGCRRNKECVKQPFGEQPVTÏNGFGRTQEGUUWUKPFÃRGP FCOOGPVFOWPGVGEJPQNQIKGFGECRVGWTUGVFOCEVKQPPGWTUGV FOCWVTGRCTV´CUUWTGTRCTWPGCPCN[UGHQTOGNNGNCEQTTGEVKQP FGNOCRRNKECVKQPUWKVG´UQPFÃRNQKGOGPVUWTWPGVGEJPQNQIKG. FGECRVGWTUGVFOCEVKQPPGWTUURÃEKSWGU%GUFGWZRTÃQEEW RCVKQPUQPVÃVÃVTCKVÃGUGPHQWTPKUUCPV V WP UV[NG CTEJKVGEVWTCN CRRGNÃ 5#+# RQWT 5#+# 5GPUQTU  #EVWCVQTU+PFGRGPFGPV#TEJKVGEVWTG FÃPKUUCPVFGUTÂINGUFG UVTWEVWTCVKQPFWNQIKEKGNXKCFKHHÃTGPVUV[RGUFGEQORQUCPVUGV FGUEQPVTCKPVGUUWTNGWTCUUQEKCVKQPRGTOGVVCPVFOQDVGPKTWPG UVTWEVWTGCPCN[UCDNG VWPGHQTOCNKUCVKQPFGUEQPVTCKPVGUVGORQTGNNGUEQPEGTPCPVNC EQOOWPKECVKQPFOWPGCRRNKECVKQPFGEQPVTÏNGCXGENGOQPFG GZVÃTKGWTGVNCEQOOWPKECVKQPFGNOCRRNKECVKQPFGEQPVTÏNGCXGE WPGRNCVGHQTOGURÃEKSWGFGEQOOWPKECVKQPCXGENGOQPFG GZVÃTKGWT VWPGHQTOCNKUCVKQPFGNOÃVCDNKUUGOGPVFOWPEQPVTCVFGSWCNKVÃ FGUGTXKEG 3Q53WCNKV[QH5GTXKEG NQTUFWFÃRNQKGOGPVFG NOCRRNKECVKQPFGEQPVTÏNGUWTWPGRNCVGHQTOGFGEQOOWPKECVKQP CXGENGOQPFGGZVÃTKGWT VWPGRTQRQUKVKQPFGOÃVJQFGGVFOQWVKNRQWTHCEKNKVGTNCOKUGGP WXTGFWUV[NGCTEJKVGEVWTCNGVFGUCPCN[UGUHQTOGNNGU #PFOCVVGKPFTGNGUQDLGEVKHURTÃEÃFGOOGPVFÃETKVU5#+#GUV DCUÃ UWT WPG GPUGODNG FG OQFÂNGU  'P GHHGV CWFGN´ FGU NCPICIGUGVFGUVGEJPQNQIKGUEGUQPVDKGPNGUEQPEGRVUNGWTU NKGPU GV NGWT GPEJCÉPGOGPV CW EQWTU FW FÃXGNQRRGOGPV SWK PQWUKPVÃTGUUGPVKEK'PUWKXCPVWPGCRRTQEJGFOKPIÃPKGTKG&KTK IÃGRCTNGU/QFÂNGU +&/ NGUV[RGUFGEQORQUCPVUNGWT3Q5 CKPUKSWGNGUEQPVTCKPVGUUWTNGWTUCUUQEKCVKQPUUQPVGZRTKOÃGU ´NOCKFGFGFKHHÃTGPVUOÃVCOQFÂNGU7PGRTGOKÂTGRCTVKGFGEG EJCRKVTGRGTOGVFOKPVTQFWKTGNGURTKPEKRGUIÃPÃTCWZFGUVTWEVW TCVKQPFGUEQORQUCPVUUGNQPNGUV[NGCTEJKVGEVWTCN5#+#7PG FGWZKÂOGRCTVKGRGTOGVFGFÃETKTGRNWURTÃEKUÃOGPVNGUV[RGU FGEQORQUCPVUFGEQPPGEVGWTUGVFGEQPVTCKPVGUKPFWKVURCTNG UV[NG5#+#'PPWPGVTQKUKÂOGRCTVKGUGHQECNKUGUWTNC3Q5 .'56;.'#4%*+6'%674#. .CUVTWEVWTCVKQPGPEQWEJGU .CUVTWEVWTCVKQPGPEQWEJGGUVWPGHCÁQPENCUUKSWGFGUVTWE VWTGTWPU[UVÂOGNQTUSWGNOQPFÃUKTGÄVTGKPFÃRGPFCPVFOWPG RNCVGHQTOG 'P UG DCUCPV UWT NGU KFÃGU FÃXGNQRRÃGU RCT NGUOQFÂNGUFGUVTWEVWTCVKQPFÃFKÃUCWZ+*/U PQVCOOGPV 2#%=?GV5GGJGKO=? 5#+#URÃEKGNGU[UVÂOGUGNQPVTQKU EQWEJGU FKUVKPEVGU 1P VTQWXG FCPU WPG RTGOKÂTG EQWEJG NOCRRNKECVKQP FG EQPVTÏNG GV UGU KPVGTHCEGU RWKU FCPU WPG CWVTGEQWEJGNCVGEJPQNQIKGFGEQOOWPKECVKQPGPVTGNGU[U VÂOGGVNGOQPFGGZVÃTKGWT'PPGPVTGEGUFGWZEQWEJGU WPGVTQKUKÂOGEQWEJGCUUWTGNCNKCKUQPCWVTCXGTUFOCFCRVC VKQPUGVFGEQPVTÏNGU XQKTG(KIWTG . (KIWTG.CUVTWEVWTCVKQPRTÃEQPKUÃGFCPU5#+#. "'.

(4) "(. >9,('(/¶,16$@ >/$%25$72,5(@ .CRTGOKÂTGEQWEJGGUVURÃEKÃGFCPUNG5#+/ 5GPUQTU #EVWCVQTU+PFGRGPFGPV/QFGN 'NNGFÃPKVNOCRRNKECVKQPGVUGU KPVGTHCEGUGPVGTOGUFOGPVTÃGUGVFGUQTVKGU.GUGPVTÃGUTGRTà UGPVGPVNGUFQPPÃGUGVNGURJÃPQOÂPGURJ[UKSWGURGTVKPGPVU RQWTNOCRRNKECVKQP.GUUQTVKGUSWCPV´GNNGUTGRTÃUGPVGPVNGU CEVKQPU RJ[UKSWGU WVKNGU RQWT NG EQPVTÏNG FW RTQEGUUWU .GU GPVTÃGUCKPUKSWGNGUUQTVKGUUQPVURÃEKÃGUUCPUHQWTPKTFG TGPUGKIPGOGPVU EQPEGTPCPV NC VGEJPQNQIKG IT¸EG ´ NCSWGNNG GNNGUUQPVCESWKUGUQWTÃCNKUÃGU.OGPUGODNGEQORQUÃFGUGP VTÃGUGVFGUUQTVKGUGUVCKPUKNCURÃEKECVKQPFOWPGRNCVGHQTOG CDUVTCKVG=?'NNGHQWTPKVWPGPUGODNGFGUGTXKEGUFOÃETKVWTGU GVFGNGEVWTGUUWTNOGPXKTQPPGOGPVGZVÃTKGWTKPFÃRGPFCOOGPV FGNCRNCVGHQTOG CWUGPUFW/&#=? FGUUGTXKEGUHQWTPKU RCTNGURKNQVGUFGUECRVGWTUGVFGUCEVKQPPGWTU .CFGWZKÂOGEQWEJGGUVURÃEKÃGFCPUNG5#/ 5GPUQTU #EVWCVQTU/QFGN 'NNGFÃPKVNGUUGTXKEGUFGEQOOWPKECVKQP GPVTGNGU[UVÂOGGVNGOQPFGGZVÃTKGWT%GVVGEQOOWPKECVKQP GUVTÃCNKUÃGRCTFGUÃNÃOGPVUFGNCRNCVGHQTOGOCVÃTKGNNGNGU ECRVGWTUGVNGUCEVKQPPGWTU.GUECRVGWTUHQWTPKUUGPVWPGXWG FW OQPFG GZVÃTKGWT GV NGU CEVKQPPGWTU TÃCNKUGPV FGU CEVKQPU UWTNGRTQEGUUWU2NWURTÃEKUÃOGPVEGVVGEQWEJGFÃPKVNGU UGTXKEGUFGURKNQVGUFGECRVGWTUGVFGURKNQVGUFOCEVKQPPGWTU CEEGUUKDNGUCWVTCXGTUFOKPVGTHCEGUFOGPVTÃGUGVFGUQTVKGU+N UOCIKV FQPE FG NC URÃEKECVKQP FG NC RNCVGHQTOG CW UGPU FW /&#GPVGTOGUFGECRVGWTUGVFOCEVKQPPGWTU .CVTQKUKÂOGEQWEJGGUVURÃEKÃGFCPUNO#./ #FCRVCVKQP .C[GT/QFGN 'NNGRGTOGVCWZFGWZOQFÂNGURTÃUGPVÃURTÃEà FGOOGPVFGURÃEKGTWPU[UVÂOGEQORNGV&CPUEGVQDLGEVKH GNNGTÃCNKUGWPGEQPPGZKQP OCRRKPICWUGPUFW/&# GPVTGNC RNCVGHQTOGCDUVTCKVGGVNCRNCVGHQTOGEQPETÂVG%GVVGFGTPKÂTG EQWEJG ÃICNGOGPV CRRGNÃG EQPPGEVGWT EQORNGZG GUV CW EWTFGNOCRRTQEJGGVGUVFÃVCKNNÃGFCPUNGEJCRKVTGUWKXCPV .GEQPPGEVGWTEQORNGZG .O#./GUVNCURÃEKECVKQPFOWPEQPPGEVGWTEQORNGZGSWKTÃC NKUGNCNKCKUQPGPVTGNGUKPVGTHCEGUFGUEQORQUCPVUFW5#/GV EGNNGUFGUEQORQUCPVUFW5#+/.GUGPVTÃGUGVNGUUQTVKGU FW 5#+/ UQPV FÃETKVGU FG OCPKÂTG CDUVTCKVG CNQTU SWG NGU RKNQVGUFGUECRVGWTUGVFGUCEVKQPPGWTUQHHTGPVFGUUGTXKEGU NKÃUCWZVGEJPQNQIKGUNGU€QVUFOKPHQTOCVKQPUGVNGUKPVGTHCEGU URÃEKÃURCTNGUWPUGVNGUCWVTGUUQPVFQPECRTKQTKJÃVà TQIÂPGU.GDWVFWEQPPGEVGWTEQORNGZGGUVFGURÃEKGTNC n INWG € RGTOGVVCPV FOJQOQIÃPÃKUGT NGU €QVU FOKPHQTOCVKQP GPVTGNG5#/GVNG5#+/ &OWPRQKPVFGXWGUVTWEVWTGNNGEQPPGEVGWTEQORNGZGGUVFÃPK RCTWPCUUGODNCIGFGUQWUEQPPGEVGWTU%JCSWGUQWUEQPPGE VGWTGUVFÃFKôWPGGVWPGUGWNGGPVTÃGCDUVTCKVGQW´WPGGV WPG UGWNG UQTVKG CDUVTCKVG 5QP TÏNG GUV FG URÃEKGT EQOOGPV EQPUVTWKTGTGURTÃCNKUGTWPGGPVTÃGTGURWPGUQTVKGCDUVTCKVG XKU´XKUFGNCRNCVGHQTOGEQPETÂVG7PUQWUEQPPGEVGWTGUVTGNKà CWZÃNÃOGPVUFGNCRNCVGHQTOGEQPETÂVGWVKNGU´NCEQPUVTWEVKQP TGURNCTÃCNKUCVKQPFGNOGPVKVÃCDUVTCKVGEQPUKFÃTÃG #P FOÃXKVGT WPG TGFQPFCPEG FGU ECNEWNU FCPU FKHHÃTGPVU UQWU EQPPGEVGWTU NGU UQWUEQPPGEVGWT RGWXGPV EQOOWPK SWGTGPVTGGWZ %JCSWG UQWUEQPPGEVGWT GUV NWKOÄOG URÃEKà RCT WP CU UGODNCIGFGEQORQUCPVUFOCFCRVCVKQP.OCFCRVCVKQPEQPUKUVG ´ VTCKVGT NOJÃVÃTQIÃPÃKVà GPVTG NGU GPVTÃGU GV NGU UQTVKGU FG UQWUEQPPGEVGWTU5#+#KFGPVKGVTQKUV[RGUFOJÃVÃTQIÃPÃKVÃU GVFQPEFGV[RGUFGEQORQUCPVUGPVTGNGU€QVUFOKPHQTOCVKQPU URÃEKÃUFCPUNG5#+/GVEGWZURÃEKÃUFCPUNG5#/ .CRTGOKÂTGJÃVÃTQIÃPÃKVÃEQPEGTPGNGV[RGFGXCNGWTUURÃ. 6$,$ EKÃGURCTNGU€QVUFGFQPPÃGU%GNNGEKRGWVÄVTGGZRTKOÃG FCPU WPG CWVTG WPKVà WP CWVTG TGRÂTG GVE 'HHGEVWGT FGU EQPXGTUKQPURQWTCUUWTGTNOJQOQIÃPÃKVÃFGUXCNGWTUEQPUVK VWG NOÃVCRG FG HQTOCVCIG TÃCNKUÃG RCT FGU EQORQUCPVU FG V[RG(QTOCV .CFGWZKÂOGJÃVÃTQIÃPÃKVÃGUVFWG´NCFKHHÃTGPEGFGPKXGCW FOCDUVTCEVKQPFGUEQORQUCPVUFW5#/GVFGEGWZFW5#+/2CT GZGORNGNG5#+/RGWVURÃEKGTWPGGPVTÃGEQPUKIPGA8KVGUUG FCPUNCRNCVGHQTOGCDUVTCKVG#PFGTÃCNKUGTEGVVGGPVTÃGUWT WPGRNCVGHQTOGEQPETÂVGKNGUVRQUUKDNGFOWVKNKUGTWPLQ[UVKEM.GU XCNGWTU FW €QV FG FQPPÃGU URÃEKÃGU RCT EQPUKIPGA8KVGUUG UQPVFQPEFGUXKVGUUGUCNQTUSWGNGUXCNGWTUFW€QVFGFQPPÃGU GPUQTVKGFWRKNQVGFWLQ[UVKEMUQPVFGUEQQTFQPPÃGU2CUUGTFG EQQTFQPPÃGUFG,Q[UVKEM´WPGXKVGUUG GVÃXGPVWGNNGOGPVWPG TQVCVKQP  EQPUVKVWG WPG ÃVCRG FOKPVGTRTÃVCVKQP PÃEGUUCKTG RTQ ITCOOCDNG OCKU PQP CWVQOCVKUCDNG C RTKQTK .OKPVGTRTÃVCVKQP GUVNGTÏNGFGUEQORQUCPVU+PVGTRTGV .CVTQKUKÂOGJÃVÃTQIÃPÃKVÃEQPEGTPGNC3Q5FGEJCEWPFGU €QVU FOKPHQTOCVKQPU .GU VGPCPVU GV CDQWVKUUCPVU FG EGVVG UQWTEG FOJÃVÃTQIÃPÃKVà IÃTÃU RCT NGU EQORQUCPVU 3Q5# FCRVUQPVFÃETKVURNWUGPFÃVCKNFCPUNCUWKVGFGEGEJCRKVTG 3Q5GVSWCNKVÃFGEQPVTÏNG .CUÃRCTCVKQPGPVTQKUOQFÂNGUFKUVKPEVURGTOGVFGTÃCNKUGT WPG UÃRCTCVKQP HTCPEJG FW RQKPV FG XWG HQPEVKQPPGN GPVTG NOCRRNKECVKQPGVNCRNCVGHQTOG%GRGPFCPVWPGCRRNKECVKQPFG EQPVTÏNGFGRTQEGUUWUGUVCWUUKUGPUKDNG´RNWUKGWTURCTC OÂVTGUPQPHQPEVKQPPGNUSWKKP€WGPEGPVNCSWCNKVÃFWEQPVTÏNG .C SWCNKVà FG EQPVTÏNG GUV WP GPUGODNG FG EQPVTCKPVGU GZRTK OÃGU UWT NG RTQEGUUWU GP VGTOGU FG UVCDKNKVà QW FG OCTIGU FOGTTGWTU2CTGZGORNGRQWTWPTQDQVFGXCPVUWKXTGWPGNKIPG UWTNGUQNWPGEQPVTCKPVGUWTNCSWCNKVÃFGEQPVTÏNGGUVSWGNG TQDQVPGFQKVRCUFÃXKGTFGNCVTCLGEVQKTGFÃUKTÃGFGRNWUFGEO .CSWCNKVÃFGEQPVTÏNGFOWPGCRRNKECVKQPGUVHQTVGOGPVKP€WGP EÃGRCTNGUECTCEVÃTKUVKSWGUVGORQTGNNGUEQPEGTPCPVNOCESWK UKVKQP FGU KPHQTOCVKQPU GP RTQXGPCPEG FW OQPFG GZVÃTKGWT CKPUKSWGUWTNCTÃCNKUCVKQPFGUCEVKQPURJ[UKSWGUUWTNGRTQ EGUUWU=?5#+#RTQRQUGCNQTUFGFÃTKXGTNGUEQPVTCKPVGU FG SWCNKVà FG EQPVTÏNG GP EQPVTCKPVGU VGORQTGNNGU UWT NGU €QVUFOKPHQTOCVKQPUGPRTQXGPCPEGGV´FGUVKPCVKQPFGNOCR RNKECVKQP#WPKXGCWFW5#+/EGNCUGVTCFWKVRCTWPGURÃEK ECVKQPFGNC3Q5FKVGCDUVTCKVGUWTNCRNCVGHQTOGCDUVTCKVG SWKNQTUSWOGNNGGUVUCVKUHCKVGCUUWTGFOCVVGKPFTGNCSWCNKVÃFG EQPVTÏNGTGEJGTEJÃGRCTNOCRRNKECVKQP 7PGHQKUNG5#+/GVUC3Q5URÃEKÃUKNHCWVÄVTGECRCDNGFG EQPPGEVGTNCRNCVGHQTOGCDUVTCKVG´WPGRNCVGHQTOGEQPETÂVG GPUOCUUWTCPVSWGNC3Q5GUVUCVKUHCKVG+NGUVCNQTUFOCDQTF PÃEGUUCKTG FG URÃEKGT NC 3Q5 FG NC RNCVGHQTOG EQPETÂVG RWKUKNHCWVÃXCNWGTNCEQTTGEVKQPFGNCEQPPGZKQP5#/5#+/ XKC NOÃVCDNKUUGOGPVFOWP EQPVTCVFG UCVKUHCEVKQP FG 3Q5.C 3Q5FW5#/FÃEQWNGFOWPGÃXCNWCVKQPFGRGTHQTOCPEGUFGU RKNQVGUGZKUVCPVU.C3Q5FÃRGPFFGNOCTEJKVGEVWTGFGURKNQVGU GVFWOCVÃTKGN ECRVGWTCEVKQPPGWT CUUQEKÃUCWZRKNQVGU=? 2WKUSWGNOÃVWFGUGHQECNKUGUWTNOÃVCDNKUUGOGPVFOWPEQPVTCV FG 3Q5 GPVTG NG 5#/ GV NG 5#+/ NGU VTCXCWZ FÃXGNQRRÃU FCPUNGECFTGFGEGVVGVJÂUGRTÃUWOGPVSWGNCFGUETKRVKQP FGNC3Q5FW5#+/GVFW5#/GUVFKURQPKDNG0QWUÃVWFKQPU OCKPVGPCPVUWTNGEQPVTCVFG3Q5GPVTGNG5#/GVNG5#+/ .GEQPVTCVFG3Q5 .QTUFGNCEQPPGZKQPFW5#+/GVFW5#/KNGUVPÃEGUUCKTG FOÃVCDNKTWPEQPVTCVFG3Q5 EQPVTCVFGPKXGCWCWUGPUFG =? RQWTICTCPVKTNCEQTTGEVKQPFGNOCRRNKECVKQPXKU´XKUFG.

(5) >3$5&2856@ 81(87,/,6$7,21&21-2,17('8*e1,(/2*,&,(/ (7'(60e7+2'(6)250(//(6. (KIWTG.CFGUETKRVKQPFG NC3Q5GVNOWVKNKUCVKQP FGEQPVTCVUFCPU5#+# UC SWCNKVÃ FG EQPVTÏNG %GEK UG VTCFWKV RCT NOÃVCDNKUUGOGPV FOWPEQPVTCVFG3Q5GPVTGEJCEWPGFGUGPVTÃGUGVFGUUQT VKGUURÃEKÃGUFCPUNG5#+/GVEJCEWPFGURKNQVGUURÃEKÃU FCPUNG5#/%GEQPVTCVFQKVGZRTKOGTUKNCTGNCVKQPFGUCVKU HCEVKQPGPVTG3Q5TGSWKUGGV3Q5HQWTPKGGUVXÃTKÃG .OÃVCDNKUUGOGPV FOWP EQPVTCV FG 3Q5 GUV ´ NC EJCTIG FW EQPPGEVGWT EQORNGZG %GRGPFCPV PQWU CXQPU XW SWG NG EQPPGEVGWTEQORNGZGGUVEQORQUÃFGUQWUEQPPGEVGWTURQU UÃFCPV EJCEWP WPG n INWG € CP FG TGPFTG JQOQIÂPGU NGU €QVUFOKPHQTOCVKQPUGPVTGNG5#/GVNG5#+/'POQFKCPVNGU €QVUFOKPHQTOCVKQPUNCnINWG€OQFKGÃICNGOGPVNGWT3Q5 URÃEKÃG FCPU NG 5#/ GV FCPU NG 5#+/ #XCPV FG RQWXQKT ÃVCDNKTNGEQPVTCVFG3Q5NOKORCEVFGNCnINWG€UWTNC3Q5 GUVÃXCNWÃRCTNCTÃCNKUCVKQPFOCPCN[UGUVGORQTGNNGU%GUCPC N[UGUHQTOGNNGUUOCRRWKGPVUWTFGUQWVKNUFW/QFGN%JGEMKPI 2QWTCUUWTGTNCHCKUCDKNKVÃFGEGUCPCN[UGUNGUEQORQUCPVU FQKXGPVURÃEKGTWPEQORQTVGOGPVVGORQTGNRGTVKPGPV CDU VTCEVKQPEQTTGEVGFWEQORQUCPV´NOGZÃEWVKQP GPUOCRRW[CPV UWTWPGUÃOCPVKSWGQRÃTCVKQPPGNNGVGORQTKUÃGHQTOGNNG.GU KPHQTOCVKQPU VGORQTGNNGU OCPKRWNÃGU ECTCEVÃTKUGPV NGU €QVU FOKPHQTOCVKQP HTÃSWGPEG GV TGVCTFU  NGU FWTÃGU FGU VTCKVG OGPVU VGORU FOGZÃEWVKQP GV VGORU FG DNQECIG KPFWKVU RCT NOQTFQPPCPEGOGPV FGU CEVKQPU  GV NG EQORQTVGOGPV FGU UQWUEQPPGEVGWTU. (KIWTG%CRVWTGFOÃETCP FGNOQWVKNFOÃFKVKQP FGOQFÂNGU5#+#. .OGPUGODNGFGUKPHQTOCVKQPUVGORQTGNNGURGTOGVFOGHHGEVWGT NGUCPCN[UGUVGORQTGNNGURCTQDUGTXCVKQPHQTOGNNGFGU€QVU GV CKPUK FOÃXCNWGT NC 3Q5 FGU €QVU FOKPHQTOCVKQPU OQFKÃU RCTNCnINWG€FGUUQWUEQPPGEVGWTU +NGUVCNQTURQUUKDNGFGXÃTKGTUKNCEQPPGZKQPGPVTGNG5#/ GVNG5#+/FQPPGNKGW´NOÃVCDNKUUGOGPVFOWPEQPVTCVQWPQP. EHIWTG .CTGNCVKQPFGUCVKUHCEVKQPUOCRRWKGUWTWPGTG NCVKQPFGTCHPGOGPVQWFGUKOWNCVKQPGPVTGNC3Q5HQWTPKG GVNC3Q5TGSWKUGnNC3Q5HQWTPKGUKOWNGQWTCHPGNC3Q5 TGSWKUG€.OKFÃGKEKGUVSWGNC3Q5TGSWKUGGUVXWGEQOOG UWTGPUGODNGFGU3Q5CEEGRVCDNGUNC3Q5HQWTPKGGUVXWG EQOOGWPGUQNWVKQPCEEGRVCDNGRCTOKNGURQUUKDNGU.CPQ VKQPFGUKOWNCVKQPGUV´GPUWKVGRTÃEKUGTUGNQPNGV[RGFG3Q5 VTCKVÃGUQKVNOÃICNKVÃRQWTFGUEQPUVCPVGUNOKPENWUKQPRQWTFGU KPVGTXCNNGUGVWPGTGNCVKQPFGUQWUNCPICIGRQWTFGU3Q5GZ RTKOÃGU´NOCKFGFOGZRTGUUKQPUTÃIWNKÂTGU 7PGHQKUNGURTKPEKRGURQUÃUPQWURCUUQPU´WPGRJCUGFG OKUGGPWXTGFGNOCRRTQEJG /KUGGPWXTG .COKUGGPWXTGFG5#+#EQORQTVGFGWZXQNGVURTKPEKRCWZ FOWPGRCTVNCOKUGGPWXTGFGNCEJCÉPGFOQWVKNRGTOGVVCPV FOWVKNKUGT5#+#GVFOCWVTGRCTVNCOKUGGPWXTGFG5#+#CW VTCXGTUFGFKHHÃTGPVUECUFOÃVWFG .OGZRTGUUKQP FOWP UV[NG CTEJKVGEVWTCN PÃEGUUKVG FG HCKTG NG EJQKZ FOWP NCPICIG FG FGUETKRVKQP FGU EQORQUCPVU CWZ SWGNUUOCRRNKSWGNGUV[NG.GUCXCPVCIGUNKÃU´NOWVKNKUCVKQPFG. OÃVC OQFÂNGU CP FG OCPKRWNGT NGU EQPEGRVU PQWU RGT OGVVGPVFGPQWUCHHTCPEJKTFOWPNCPICIGFGRTQITCOOCVKQP RCTVKEWNKGT#KPUK5#+#FÃETKVNGUV[NGCTEJKVGEVWTCNCWVTCXGTU FGFKHHÃTGPVUOÃVCOQFÂNGU%GUOÃVCOQFÂNGUQPVÃVÃOKU GP RNCEG FCPU FKHHÃTGPVU GPXKTQPPGOGPVU FG NO+&/ '/( UQWU'ENKRUGGVNOQWVKN)/'=? #RCTVKGFGUOÃVCOQFÂNGU KNGUVRQUUKDNGFGIÃPÃTGTCWVQOCVKSWGOGPVFKXGTUÃFKVGWTU FGOQFÂNGURGTOGVVCPVFGETÃGTFGUOQFÂNGUEQPHQTOGUCW UV[NGCTEJKVGEVWTCNFÃETKVRTÃEÃFGOOGPV XQKTGRCTGZGORNG NC ECRVWTG FOÃETCP (KIWTG   #UUQEKÃU ´ EGU ÃFKVGWTU FKH HÃTGPVURCTUGTUQPVÃVÃTÃCNKUÃURQWTRGTOGVVTGFOWVKNKUGTNGU QWVKNU FG XCNKFCVKQP HQTOGNNG PÃEGUUCKTG ´ NC TÃCNKUCVKQP FG EQPVTCVU GPRCTVKEWNKGT´NOCKFGFWNCPICIGHQTOGN+(=? &G. ").

(6) #. >9,('(/¶,16$@ >/$%25$72,5(@. 6$,$. 81(87,/,6$7,21&21-2,17('8*e1,(/2*,&,(/ (7'(60e7+2'(6)250(//(6 RNWUCWUGKPFGNOGPXKTQPPGOGPV'ENKRUGWPUKOWNCVGWTFG OQFÂNGCÃVÃFÃXGNQRRÃIT¸EGCWNCPICIG-GT/GVC=?%G UKOWNCVGWTRGTOGVFOCPKOGTVQWUNGUOQFÂNGU5#+#CPFOGP XÃTKGTNCEQTTGEVKQP #P FOÃRTQWXGT NGU EQPEGRVU OKU GP WXTG FCPU 5#+# RNWUKGWTU ECU FOÃVWFG QPV ÃVà VTCKVÃU FQPV FGWZ EQPEQWTU KPVGTPCVKQPCWZ FG VGORU TÃGN =? =? .G RTGOKGT EQPEQWTU EQPUKUVCKV´EQPUVTWKTGNGNQIKEKGNFGEQPVTÏNGFOWPTQDQVCW VQPQOGFGXCPVCNNGTFOWPRQKPV#´WPRQKPV$FCPUWPGP XKTQPPGOGPVKPEQPPWRCTUGOÃFOQDUVCENGU%GEQPEQWTUC RGTOKU FG OQPVTGT NC HCKUCDKNKVà FG NOCRRTQEJG GP TÃCNKUCPV NGU OQFÂNGU PÃEGUUCKTGU CW IÃPÃTCVGWT FG EQFG RQWT WPG CRRNKECVKQPFGEQPVTÏNGFGRTQEGUUWU0QWUCXQPUQDVGPWNC FGWZKÂOGRNCEG OGUWTGFWVGORUFOCTTKXÃGCXGEÃXKVGOGPV FGU QDUVCENGU  OQPVTCPV CKPUK SWG NOWVKNKUCVKQP FG OQFÂNGU GV NOCRRNKECVKQP FG RTKPEKRGU FG IÃPKG NQIKEKGN POÃVCKGPV RCU HCVCNGOGPV EQPVTCFKEVQKTGU CXGE NC PQVKQP FG RGTHQTOCPEG .QTUFWFGWZKÂOGEQPEQWTUNGDWVFWTQDQVÃVCKVFOCNNGTFOWP RQKPV#´WPRQKPV$RWKUFGTGVQWTPGTCWRQKPV#.CRNCVG HQTOGOCVÃTKGNNGÃVCKVEGRGPFCPVEQORNÂVGOGPVFKHHÃTGPVGFG EGNNGFWRTGOKGTEQPEQWTU.QTUFGEGEQPEQWTUPQWUCXQPU GPVKÂTGOGPV TÃWVKNKUà NG OQFÂNG 5#+/ CRRNKECVKQP GV RNCVG HQTOG CDUVTCKVG  FW RTGOKGT EQPEQWTU OQPVTCPV CKPUK SWG PQVTG CRRTQEJG RGTOGVVCKV NC TÃWVKNKUCVKQP FG NOCRRNKECVKQP KPFÃRGPFCOOGPV FG NC RNCVGHQTOG OCVÃTKGNNG &G RNWU GP CTTKXCPVSWCVTKÂOGRCTOKWPPQODTGNCTIGOGPVUWRÃTKGWTFG EQPEWTTGPVUPQWUUQWNKIPQPUGPEQTGWPGHQKUNGHCKDNGUWT EQÖVKPVTQFWKVRCTNOWVKNKUCVKQPFGOQFÂNGU+NHCWVCWUUKCLQWVGT SWGUKNGVGORUFGFÃXGNQRRGOGPVNQTUFWRTGOKGTEQPEQWTU CÃVÃFGSWCVTGUGOCKPGUNGUFÃXGNQRRGOGPVUNQTUFWFGW ZKÂOGEQPEQWTUPOQPVRTKUSWOWPGUGOCKPG'PPNOWVKNKUCVKQP FG5#+#PQWUCUUWTGFOWPGTÃWVKNKUCVKQPEQTTGEVGFGUCNIQ TKVJOGUFGEQPVTÏNGUWTWPGEKDNGTÃGNNGNGUEQPEQWTUC[CPV ÃVÃTÃCNKUÃUUWTUKOWNCVGWTU %10%.75+10 .GU VTCXCWZ FÃETKVU FCPU EG RCRKGT OQPVTGPV EQOOGPV ´ NOCKFGFGNOWVKNKUCVKQPEQPLQKPVGFGRTKPEKRGUFGIÃPKGNQIKEKGN GVFGVGEJPKSWGUHQTOGNNGUKPVÃITÃUFCPUWPGCRRTQEJGFK TKIÃG RCT NGU OQFÂNGU KN GUV RQUUKDNG FOCOÃNKQTGT NC TÃWVKNK UCVKQPFGNQIKEKGNRQWTNGUU[UVÂOGUGODCTSWÃUFGEQPVTÏNG FGRTQEGUUWUVQWVGPEQPVTÏNCPVNGWTEQTTGEVKQP&OWPGRCTV NGUV[NGCTEJKVGEVWTCNRGTOGVFOCXQKTWPGUVTWEVWTGGPEQWEJG GVFOKORQUGTFGUEQPVTCKPVGUUWTNGUEQORQUCPVUKORNKSWÃU FCPU EGVVG UVTWEVWTCVKQP FOCWVTG RCTV NGU CRRTQEJGU HQT OGNNGURGTOGVVGPV´RCTVKTFOKPHQTOCVKQPUKUUWUFGUOQFÂNGU FGUOCUUWTGTFGNCEQTTGEVKQPFOWPU[UVÂOG.CXCNKFCVKQPHQT OGNNGFGNCEQTTGEVKQPFWU[UVÂOGRGTOGVFGXÃTKGTUKWPG CRRNKECVKQPFGEQPVTÏNGGUVWVKNKUCDNGUWTWPGRNCVGHQTOGOC VÃTKGNNGQWPQP .GFÃEQWRNCIGGPVTGNOCRRNKECVKQPGVNCRNCVGHQTOGEQPETÂVG GUVTÃCNKUÃXKCNOKPVTQFWEVKQPFOWPGRNCVGHQTOGCDUVTCKVG%GVVG RNCVGHQTOG CDUVTCKVG UGTV ÃICNGOGPV FG UWRRQTV ´ FGUETKR VKQPFGNC3Q5+NUGTCKVKPVÃTGUUCPVFCPUFGUVTCXCWZHWVWTU FOÃVGPFTG EGVVG PQVKQP FG RNCVGHQTOG CDUVTCKVG 3Q5 CYCTG ´ FGU RNCVGHQTOGU FG EQOOWPKECVKQP GV FGU RNCVGHQTOGU FOGZÃEWVKQPOWNVKV¸EJGUGVOWNVKEQTG. 4œ(œ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ÃCNKUCVKQPL 2CTWEJG\&WPQFLRCIGU =?%QWVC\,L+PVGTHCEGUJQOOGUQTFKPCVGWTUEQPEGRVKQPGVTÃCNKUCVKQPL 2CTWEJG\&WPQFLRCIGU =?&G#PVQPK,$CDCW,2L5#+#5GPUQTU#EVWCVQTU+PFGRGPFGPV#TEJK VGEVWTG#UJQYECUGVJTQWIJOC46KCPVCUMURGEKECVKQPL2TQEGGFKPIUQH VJG'465+'ODGFFGF4GCN6KOG5[UVGOU+ORNGOGPVCVKQP9QTMU JQRJGNFKPEQPLWPEVKQPYKVJVJ+'''+PVGTPCVKQPCN4GCN6KOG5[UVGOU 5[ORQUKWOLRCIGU =?&G#PVQPK,$CDCW,2L%KDGTOQWUG&GUKIP#ECUGUVWF[HQT5#+# OQFGNTGWUGL2TQEGGFKPIUQHVJG%KDGTOQWUG6GCOTGRQTVUCUCVGNNKVG GXGPVQHVJGVJ+'''+PVGTPCVKQPCN4GCN6KOG5[UVGOU5[ORQUKWOL RCIGU =?&URCEG2TQFWKVNQIKEKGNUKPVWKVKHURQWTNGRTQEGUUWUFGFÃXGNQRRGOGPV FGECNEWNCVGWT JVVRYYYFURCEGHTYYHTHTCJQOGRTQFWEVUUYEHO =?+5+5L6JG)GPGTKE/QFGNKPI'PXKTQPOGPV )/' L+PUVKVWVGHQT 5QHVYCTG+PVGITCVGF5[UVGOU8CPFGTDKNV7PKXGTUKV[LJVVRYYYKUKUXCPFGT DKNVGFW2TQLGEVUIOGL =?,Ã\ÃSWGN,/&GHQWT12NQW\GCW0L#P/&##RRTQCEJVQ6COG %QORQPGPV$CUGF5QHVYCTG&GXGNQROGPVL5GEQPF+PVGTPCVKQPCN.0%5 5[ORQUKWOQP(QTOCN/GVJQFUHQT%QORQPGPVUCPF1DLGEVUL =?/WNNGT2#(NGWTG[(,G\GSWGN,/L9GCXKPI'ZGEWVCDKNKV[KPVQ 1DLGEV1TKGPVGF/GVCNCPIWCIGULVJ+PVGTPCVKQPCN%QPHGTGPEG/QFGN &TKXGP'PIKPGGTKPI.CPIWCIGUCPF5[UVGOUL =?1/)/&#L/QFGN&TKXGP#TEJKVGEVWTGIWKFG8LJVVRYYY QOIQTIOFCL =?5CPFHTKFUQP/6ÑTPITGP/9KMCPFGT,L6JG'HHGEVQH4CPFQON[ 6KOG8CT[KPI5CORNKPICPF%QORWVCVKQPCN&GNC[L2TQEGGFKPIUQHVJG +(#%YQTNFEQPITGUUL.

(7)

Références

Documents relatifs

La conception du système est la phase la plus créative et stimulante du SDLC. La conception décrit le système final et le processus par lequel il est développé. Cette phase est

Les institutions suivantes ont participé au programme d’informatique appliquée : (1) Université d’Abomey Calavi au Bénin ; (2) Université de Ougagadougou au Burkina Faso ;

Introduction Le génie logiciel Architecture logicielle Principes de conception Patrons logiciels.. Production du code source Gestion des versions Travail

Méthodes, techniques, outils Développer un logiciel c’est comme cuisiner.. „ Principe = Règles d’hygiène, fraîcheur

Résultats d'un test : conséquences ou sorties de l'exécution d'un test (affichage à l'écran, modification des variables, envoi de messages...).. Cas de test : données d'entrée

Sélection des tests à partir d'une spécification du système (formelle ou informelle), sans connaissance de l'implantation.. Possibilité de construire les tests pendant la

Satisfait par un ensemble de chemins T si pour chaque nœud de décision du graphe, il existe un chemin dans T rendant la décision vraie et un autre chemin rendant la décision fausse.

ou bien : On peut toujours appeler l'opération, l'ensemble est vide si la personne ne travaille pas dans l'entreprise passée en argument.. Emploi :: superieurs() : P (Emploi)