Improving TCP/IP over Geostationary Satellite Links
Texte intégral
(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Improving TCP/IP over Geostationary Satellite Links Nesrine Chaher — Chadi Barakat — Walid Dabbous — Eitan Altman. N° 3573 December 1998 THÈME 1. ISSN 0249-6399. apport de recherche.
(3)
(4)
(5) . "!# $ %!$'&)(*!# ++ ,".-/ 0 %1*. 23540687:9;3=<?>A@B>;3C6EDF<?>;@BG;7 H*@B68@BIJ@LKMD;N@BOP7:GRQS@BT;TVUW;4XDAYZ7[K\@B9R]O[K_^`@B9 acbJde*f*gihkjl0mnf0oqpsr%futmnvsmwtxde*f0m yAzx{}|wft~Smtnzo} j oq L{Czt sfZzxf0bJfzb fB;5C\Ehkf0feLf0zg0Cq#h}?Jo}Cf0m. "0\ qqi f¡[{supJm¢£*txb ¤mVJoqLf0zV{C¥tnb fp Jsf8mzo} f b f0 {qe*fJ{q¥{}¡¦¡[zxf0§5p f05tV£{5mnmnf0mVsp zx£ mn{\¨c©ªmtxoqzt?¨b f«a¬y{CLf0zxo}tnf8m®oqznCfJoqJs¨¤¯tnb ©ªsf0o_v/Jzn{sspJut¥ futw¨{qzx°smmnpJb«oqmtnb {5mf J£pJ £ iqf0{Cmtxo}tn{qJoqznv#mno}tnf0£±txf¢ °sm²acb m;Jb f {Ce*f {C ³}o}znf8oqsv#¤sf5tx±´Jf8µg¶J³}_·¸³qznf8mp £txm ¹oºsf0qzoq o}tn{q®£¹a¬y»tnb zx{qp Cb pst% p fMtx{ºoºs{qpJ £fEu{qLmf8upstx£¼CfMm{\¨c©ªmtxoqzt¥ bLoqmnf0m¥Bfz a¬y½uvsufq²»¾i¼qfRtnb f=b qbR{CmtoqJ¿txb f=mxoqzx±twv®{}¡$mxo\txf££tnf=£ °sm0³ £tS¤m{}¡$e*L{Czto}Jf tx{S´JJ/mn{qpstn{qLm#tn{MCfutzxÀ{q¡¢txb f0mnf
(6) {Cmxmf8m² f% zn{CL{5mf?tw¨{Mme* f
(7) e*{¯ ±´L0o\tx£{CJm#tn{Ma¬y oq£C{qzx±txb e¥m'oqJZ£pJmtnzo\tnfVtnb f0£zBfzn¡[{qzxe*oqJufV5v#e¥o\txb fe¥o}tn¤o}¯o}Lo}v¯mn¤m'o}Lme$pJo}tn{qJm0²"Ázxmt0³ ¨f f0uzxf0oCmf tnb f#m{\¨c©Âmwto}zntAtnb zxf0mnb {q¤MÃ:¨±txb%zxf0mnLf8,tVtx{p znzxf5tca¬yVÄAtx{$f0mxmFtxbJo}%tnb f¨£Ls{\¨ mnÅfco\t;¨b b$tnb f8mf{Cmxmf8m'{sp z8³}o}Jmf8u{qL¦³\¨¢fcmnJoqfFtnbJf¢txzxoqJmne?¤mxm{qZ{q¡LJoC°qfutm'mnf5tAsp zx£ mn{\¨c©ªmtxoqzt8² ÆÈÇ5ÉÊxË$Ì \Íq a¬y³ ί{\¨c©ÂÎ5to}znt0³¦¬¢{q Cf0mtn{qÈÏ'¼C{q¤ o}Lufq³Îso\txf££tnf?Ð °sm³¦~S{ssf0£ J³Î¯e$p ¤o\© tx£{CJm0³ y"f0z¡[{Czne¥oqJuf#ÑA¼\o}pJo\tx£{C ². Ò"ÓÔÓ8Õ¸Ö8×ØwÙ,ÚPÚ:×wÛ¸Ü}Ù,Ý_Þ_×wÝ_Øw×;ÕPÙFßq×'Û¸×wÝuÕBÕPÙVàÚáJâJã ÕªäÝÒ"Ó Õ¸å äÝCæuç[èé çêÒSëá ìsáí,î8æ8ï,ð,ðñVé Ù,ò8ÕP×Þ_×wÛó¯ò8ØãÔÙ,ÓÔ×wÛæð,ô,í,ð,ï õ Ù,Ü_Ö_ãöäÒ"ÝÕPãÔÜ}Ù,ÓÔãÔÛ"÷¦×wÞ_×Âøqæ\ù\ÚPäÝ_Øw×uáBús×wÓ¤û'üî,îuý¦ñí,ïcî,þÿ,ÿþ,ô_ù}äxøCû üî,îuý ñí,ïî,þÿ,ÿô8á. Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis 2004, route des Lucioles, B.P. 93, 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France) Téléphone : 04 92 38 77 77 - International : +33 4 92 38 77 77 — Fax : 04 92 38 77 65 - International : +33 4 92 38 77 65.
(8) + "!Z u$ . B. . . % +0 u !"'!$ $ ! . '!Z" ++0 " "!# $ !$ ". mn{\ ¨c
(9) ©ªm txoq zt% spRoq Jznm¢{qtnf{suJ{Coq£ fMfaz8¬³C{Cy %£m{C zxCmxtx§5lp zxfXf0mxumf=fo}sp
(10) fzx bJflz
(11) {C{Ce?Ld0d0zn f=f fo}LBm%fznstnf8f8m%m¢szxl0fmnJf0oqoqps§5r®p fo_txmv5o} 5o}t
(12) LmVp ¹¤oC zxbLoqoqJmn f Jzn{ssp £tsl0oqJoqJsfMLoqmxmnoqCtxfMu{Ce?e*fXfpsr¿u{C5tnfLo}5t%sf0m%£fLm
(13) JoCmnmxo}5t
(14) Joqz%sf0mmno}tnf0£±txf0m Cf{5mwto\tn{qJJo}znf8m²¢¬¢fZJb l {Ce*d fC³Lsl|¥ f5tn£´Jl oqJmZµg¶J³8·ª³Jzxl0sp £t f$slJ±t fo¥{q Jfurs£{C a¬y$o}pLmf sfsfpsr* bJoCmf8mFmn£{\¨c©Âmwto}zntFu{qLml8upstx£¼Cf0mF oqJmFbJoC§5p f uvsufa¬y²;txoqCts{q Jl £f {s tlf¼Clfutc¤ozo}zxfutnlisf0m¢£f0Jmcmno}tnf±txf0m0³Cf0mt¢txznd8mVe*L{Czto}5tsftnzx{qpJ¼qfzsf0mmn{qpstn{qJm$ f0m Bfzntnf8mZJsl0mnzxoq £f8m²
(15) Ï ´J/sf¥zxl0mn{qpJszxf¥uf* zx{q de*fC³'{qÀ zx{qB{Cmnf¥sfp r=mn£e* f0mZe*{ss£´Lo}tn{qJm f0moq£C{qzx±txb e*f0m f$a¬y¿ p ¤m{qÈlutxpJsfq³o_¼qf8#p Xo}Lo}v¯mnfZe¥o\txb le¥o\tx§5p f$futi f0mmne$p ¤o\tx£{CJm³ fpJzZf futmpJzZoLf0z¡[{Czne¥oqJuf*spÀ zx{}tn{s{qfq²a"{qp tZ oqL{Czx¦³¦{CEzxl0 p ±tZf¥mf0p £F pÀmn{\¨c©ªmtxoqzt8³ Lo}zzo}JL{Czt%a¬yRmtxo}L o}z¦³%p f¼_oq£f0p zs¡[f0znfp zxf
(16) o
(17) txo}£f?sf$¤o*¡[f utnzxf fu{C qf8mwtx£{C {qzmx§CpJfZ£f8mBfzntnf8mmnf$ zx{ssp ¤mf0Ct8² ÑAJmnp £tnfq³{CMf0mnJoqff0m Loq§5p futmtxzxoqJme*¤m BfJJo}5t¤o
(18) bLoqmnf mn{\¨c©ªmtxoqzt8² Ì 8 Ê a¬y³ ί£{\¨c©wÎ5to}znt0³¬¢{qJqf0mtn{q Ï'¼C{q¤ o}Jfq³ Ð'£f0JmÎ o\tnf0££tnf0m0³i~È{¯ lmxo\tx£{CJm³ Îs£ep o}tn{qJm0³ A¼\o}pJo}tn{qSsfyfzn¡[{qzxe*oqJufC². !. " #.
(19) .
(20) . !!" #%$& ('
(21) ). . $" *. ,+V u. a¬y³Ctnb f¨£Ls{\¨c©¸Loqmnf0znf0£¤o} fa"zxoqJmne?¤mxm{q%¬¢{q5txzn{CJyAzx{}tn{s{q {q¡¦tnb . f -Â5txfzx futiµ£gCg}³Jg8_·¸³5pJmnf0m tw¨{Ào}q{qzx£tnb e¥m/0!12&3 0# 4 oqJ56 4)47 8 :9; 8<= >?*tn{/u{CCtxzn{Ctnb fA@J{\¨½{}¡iJoq°Cfutxm?®o Jfutw¨{qzx°B² £tnbÈmn£{\¨c©Âmwto}znt0³5tnbJfZ¨£J {\¨ {q¡'tnbJf$mf0Jsf0zmmnfut £tn¤o}£v%tn{¥{qJf#mnfCe*f5t o}J£t m Jznf8oqmnf0M¯vM{C f?¡[{qz#f¼CfzxvMoq°¯ {\¨f0sCe*f5t?ÃPÏC ¬ BÄiznf8uf¼qf8¦²acbJf¥znf8mp £t#moqEfrsL{C f5tn¤o} Czn{\¨ctxbX{q¡VtnbJf
(22) u{qJ f0utn{q=¨£J {\¨Z³¦tnb f0znf¡[{qzxf*{}¡Vtxb f*tnbJzn{Cp qb Jpst0³ ¨bJbÀ zxf¼Cf5txmtnbJf
(23) mf0Jsfz ¡[zx{qe {\¼qfzx¨b f0£e* $txb fZ ftw¨¢{Czn°¥¨£tnbÈo}SJo}J zn{C zxo}tnfv¥¤o}zxqfi p zmwt{}¡tnz o D
(24) q²Facb mcJzn{suf8mnm {q5tn¯p f0mp 5tnA¨fzxf0oCbMtnbJf?mn£{\¨c©Âmtxo}znttxb zxf0mnb {q¤¦²$Ït#tnbJm#B{q5t0³tnbJf*mn{qpJzxf$e*{\¼qf8m tx{S{qs© Cf0mtn{qSo_¼q{C oqJuf¨b fzxfitnb fZ¨Js{\¨ ¤mc£Jznf8oqmnf0m{\¨fz5v{q fZmnfCe?f05t¡[{Czf¼Cfzxv
(25) ¨£Ls{\¨ m ¨{qzntnb{}¡"oC°¯ {\¨£f8sqf8*Joq°Cfutm³¯b f0Juf#f¼Cfzxv*zn{Cp J¥txzntne?f¥ÃPjaa Äu² acb ¤mm{\¨¿qzx{\¨ctnb%oq£e¥m tx{* zn{CLfitxb fZ futw¨{qzx°*¡[{qzfr¯tnzoLo}Js¨¤¯txb ². . a¬y¤m¥¼qf0znv`¨sf0£v pJmnf0®¯v`e*{Cmt¥{}¡itn{s o_vE-Â5txfzx fut%oq 0o\tn{qLm²GF{\¨¢f0¼qfz8³F£t%¤m¥°¯ {\¨ J{}tctn{*Bfzn¡[{qzxe ¨¢f0£¦S f¨ ftw¨¢{Czn°sm¢bJo_¼¯£ ¥o?¤o}zxqfiJo}J ¨¯txbs©Âsf¤o_v¥ zx{¯ pJ,tmnpJbSoqm¢tnb {5mf J£pJ £ Smxo\tnf0££tnf$ °sm²-ÂM£txmi zxf0mnf5t¡[{qzxe³ a¬yRmip Lo} ftx{pJmnf$fD
(26) uf5tnvStnb f*o_¼\o}oq f Lo}Js¨¤¯txbXMtnbJf0mnf ftw¨¢{Czn°sm0²ZÏ {qtnb f0z zx{qJ£f0e¨±txbEa¬y mi£txmi¨¢f8o}°¯ f8mnm tn{znf8u{\¼qf0z¡[zx{qe ¡[zxf0§5p f05t"{Cmxmf8m'o¨£zxff0mxm f0¯¼5zx{q e*f5t8²"Á {Cza¬y³}oq5v#JoC°qft'£{5mnm"¤moiu{C qf8mwtx£{CZ£Ls0o\tx£{C oqJM{qJmnf0§5p f0Ctx£v£t#pstxmJoq°£txmi¨£Ls{\¨Z²p ftx{
(27) txb fbJ£CbM £tif0znzx{qz zo\txf$Xmxo\tnf0££tnf$ °sm³ mnpJbELf0bJo_¼¯£{Czf0oqJmtx{omn£C ±´Bo}5t#sfutxfzx£{Czxo}tn{qM=a¬y¹tnb zx{qpJqb p t#oCmimnb {\¨M®µ£g0¶\·¸H ² - txb f#¡[{q{\¨£ L³¯¨¢f#mtm{Ce*fi{q¡"txb fZ zx{qB{Cmnf0m{C£pstx£{CJmtn{?txb f0mnfZ zx{q fe¥m0². !. sL K MONQPSR 8 UÌ TLÇ : É VXWUY a"{izxf0 pJuftnbJf{\¼qfzxb f8oqspJfctn{itnb fLoq°qftAb f0oCsfz8³}oioqznCf ¯ p e$Bfzc{}¡; o\to$¯v5tnf8me$pJmtLfZmnf5tSoa¬y®mf0qe*f5t8²ZF{\¨¢f0¼qf0z0³5oqznCfJoC°qftxm¢¨£¦Lf ¡[zxoqqe*f5txf0E±¡tnb f0vXf0Ju{Cp 5tnfzZo ftw¨¢{Czn°È¨£tnb/mne*oq£V~Ma\[ÃP~Èo}r¯e$pJe a"zxoqJmw¡[f0z[ £tÄ ¨b ¤bJuzxf0oCmf8m'{qJmn fzo} vitnb fc{\¼qf0znbJf0oq ² acb m;Jzn{CL{5mf8m{C£p tn{q$futm;a¬yEsftnf8,t;tnb f oqznCf0mtLoq°qft¢txbJo\t 0o}Suzx{CmxmFtxb ] f -ÂCtxfzx fut¨£tnb {Cpst Jup zxzx£ tnbJf#{Cmt{q¡'¡[zo}Ce?f05txo\tx£{C o}J®zxf0oCmnmnfe £vC²¹Ï ¤m{L³¢Bf00o}pJmnfStnbJfXa¬y mf0Jsfz%£Jznf8oqmnf0m?£txm¥¨Js{\¨ ¯v mnfqe*f0Ctm³ pJmn£ *¤o}zxqf#JoC°qfutmv5f¤ mo¡:oqmtnf0zqzx{\¨ctnb{}¡"tnb f#txb zn{Cp qbJ pst0². IEJ. Í _8 Ì ` Ì 8 Ç } R[ Ì Ë s\ Ì acb ^ _`ed VfWUY a"{zxf0{\¼qf0z ¡[zx{qe{Cmxmf8m#sp f?tn{Èu{Cznzxp stx£{C zxo}tnb f0zFtxbJo}
(28) {q Cf0mtn{q¥¨£tnb {CpstFtnbJfCtxfzx¼qf0Ctx£{C¥{}¡ a¬y/e*f0bLo} ¤me¥m0³qtxb fmxo\txf££tnf£ ° e$pJmtBf
(29) e¥oq f
(30) znf0£¤o}J£fC²SÑFznzx{qzZzxf0{\¼qfzxvMe*f0bLo} ¤me¥mZLoqmnf0À{q/zxfutxzxoqJmne?¤mxm{q«Ã:Ïj\g#Ä txoq°qf0m?oM{}t*{}¡tx£e*fÈsp f%tn{Etnb f{q E zn{CJo}5o\tx£{CÀ f¤o_vq ² -ªt?¤m$tnb f0znf¡[{qzxf%e?B{qzntxoq5t$tn{ £e* zx{\¼qf*txb f
(31) £J°=§5pJoq££twvX¯vEoC s Xmn{qe*f
(32) Á;Ñ¢¬²"acbJmm{C£pstx£{CÀ£e* zx{\¼qf8mitnb f ±tfzxzn{Cz zxo}tnf{}¡o=mxo\tnf0££tnfSbJo} Jfc pst¥£t¥{qJmnp e*f0m*mn{qe*f%{q¡txb fÈo_¼_oq£¤o}J£fJo}J ¨¯txb ²`Ïmn{J³ ±t*bJoCmtxb f zxo_¨JoC°X{q¡£Luzxf0oqmn ÈtnbJf pJzxmtn f0mxm{q¡fzxzx{qzmZ¨b ¤bºznf8§5p £zxf0m?oqJs±tx£{CJo} e*f0bJoq mne¥mtn{*zxf0mtn{qzxftnb fZzo}J {qe f0znzx{qzcJo}tnp zxf#{}¡'txb fmxo\tnf0££tnfbJoq f¸². IE^. I. . R8aihkj s hLÇ:lQR8a Í Ì¯Ë Vnm(oUY ÑA¼Cf/£¡tnb f futw¨{qzx°XbJoCm$oÈbJ£Cb/Jo}J ¨¯txb`o}LÀtnb f znf8uf0£¼CfzcbJoqmo?¤o}zxqfi p fz8³stnbJf#tnb zx{qp Cb pst oCb £f0¼qf8%¯v%a¬y®¤mc£e*±txf0S¯vp N. txb zx{qp Cb pstrq. é"é. Ý sJîuÿî. e*o}r%¨Js{\¨ mnÅf jaa. Ãwg8Ä.
(33) U; ?L' ?
(34) U)r <e9;!"7e. ¶. acb ¤mZ¡[{q{\¨ mZmJuf
(35) oÈa¬ymn{qpJzxf*0o} J{}t$mnfJ=e*{qzxf*tnbJoq=tnb f
(36) ¨Js{\¨ mn£Å0f¥{}¡cJoq°Cfutxm £¹oq®j;aa½tne*fq² [m Àtxb fXmtxo}L o}z`e¥o}r¯e$pJe a¬y ¨£Ls{\¨½{q¡q¶=B#¯v5tnf8mÃPu{ssf8 {q g E £txmÄoqJ®o=¾#Ñmno}tnf0£±txfS£ °º{q¡j;aa½ C}e¥m0³Atnb ¤m*£e*£txm?tnbJfStnb zx{qp Cb pst?tn{ gqg\% B#5v5txf0m \m0²"a"{$mf0J
(37) o}tVb qb f0zVzo\tnf8m³5oZ¨Js{\¨¿mn0o}f{qstx£{C¥bJoqmVLf0f%oC sf8?tn{$a¬y² -ªtc{qJmn¤mwtmF
(38) e$p £tn v¯£ $tnb fi{q¤*¨Js{\¨«´Jf0¥¯v¥o$mxoq£f ¡:oq,tx{qzu{ssf0
(39) {qMg0¶ £txm0²;acbJm £ftxm a¬y®pJmnf#oqznCfzc¨Js{\¨ m0³sp tn { vCtxf0m0². #". } Ç R ah
(40) K Ç R8aiR R Ë R8a Í Ì¯ËÌ M ` J V (Y pJftx{$txb f#oqznCfj;aa#³¯tnb f#u{C qf8mwtx£{C ¨£Ls{\¨ Czn{\¨ m§5p £tnfmn{\¨£v£Èmxo\tnf0££tnf£J°¯m0²¢acbJmJznf8oqmnf0mtnbJfZtnzo}Jm¡[fz p zxo}tn{qÈo}L znf8mpJ±tm£Èo*{\¨Rpstx£Å0o\tx£{CS{}¡tnb fLo}Js¨¤¯txbS p zn *txb fZf0oqznv%j;aa"m {}¡tnb f${q Jf0,tx£{C ££¡[fq²Î5txoqztx£ Èo}tZoqE £tn¤o}F¨Js{\" ¨ !$#%mno_¼Cf0 m %'&( )+*,!-# .j;aamZo\tZtxb f¥Lf0q S{}¡tnb f u{C f0utn{q ²FacbJfiJzn{CL{5mf8%¼\o}p fi¡[{q/ z !-##¤m p. I a. e*10 243c~XΠγ e¥o\r$*,53c~MΠΦ³628789+:{¯utnftxm;.=<. ÃPqÄ. ¨b fzxfM~MÎ Î ¤m?tnb fM~Èo}r¯e$pJe ίfCe*f5t%ί£Å0fq²¿a"{=J{}t
(41) o}£tnf0ztxb fMu{C qf8mwtx£{C {q5tnzx{qc a¬y> ³ !$#¥m#{C £vXpJmf8Ào\t#tnb f¥BfC£J £J{q¡Vtxb f
(42) u{C f0utn{q ²*acb ¤mmn{qpstn{qÀo}¤m{So_¼q{CJm tnb f# zx{qJ£f0e {}¡'pJJsf0mnzxoq £ftne*f{CpstxmtxbJo\t{sp zc£Sa¬y`¼Cfzm{qLmVpJmn ¥f0o_vCf0%ϬCBZm {qstx£{C@ ?_². . !.
(43). Ì Í R'¸É R8aih
(44) K Ç
(45) Ë R8a Í Ì¯Ë Í É a R q R8a M ` J bBAÉ Ç Ì a R8aih d VDC(Y a"{e¥o}°qf ¡:oqmtnfz tnb f*¨Js{\¨Czn{\¨ctxbMf0mnLf8u¤o}£vÈE0oqmnf{q¡¢f¤o_vqf0XϬCBZmioqJXϬCB {Cmxmnf0m0³B£tZbJoqmiBff0 mpJqqf8mwtxf0ºtn{À£Luzxf0oqmnftnb fÈu{C qf8mwtx£{Cº¨Js{\¨ Loqmnf0º{C`txb fS¯p e$Bfz¥{q¡imnfqe*f0Ctm*oq,© °¯ {\¨£f8sqf8MJmtnf0oCX{q¡Vtxb f¥¯p e$BfzZ{q¡ÏC ¬ BZmiznf8uf0£¼Cf0¦²*acb ¤m#e?{ss£´L0o\tn{q=¤m# zn{CL{5mf8 ¡[{qzctxb fZ£J±txoq'm{\¨c©Âmwto}znt bLoqmnf#oqJ%¡[{qzctnbJ{Cmnf¡[{C£{\¨ ¥o$tx£e*f0{qpst8² I. ". " . Ç Ç q RTBÇ *H G a"Ì¯Ë Ç Í h UÇ a 8 Vnm(WUY ¬¢p znzxf5t"a¬yMpJmf8m'p e$p ¤o\tx£¼CfVÏC ¬ BZm ¨bJb$0o}zxznv {q vStnbJf*mnf0§5p f0Juf?¯p e$Bfz#{q¡VtnbJf?Jfur¯tiLoq°qftifrsLf8,tnf8X¯vStxb f*znf8uf¼qf0z0²acbJmi£e*£tnf0 £ ¡[{qzxe*o}tn{q*e¥o}°Cf0mtnbJf a¬y=mnfLsfzFpJJo} fctn{Zzxf0{\¼qf0z'¡[zx{qe e?{CznftxbJo}*{qJf£{5mwtVmnfCe?f05t Lf0zZjaa#²acb ¤m¤mi°¯ {\¨Stn{SoqpJmfmBf0oq" zx{qJ£f0e*m¨b f0Me$p £tn f{Cmxmnf0m {s0up zi£Xtnb f mnoqe*f?¨Js{\¨{}¡Jo\txooqmi¨£tnbEtnb f¥Jp zxmtwvÈ{CmxmLo\ttxfzxEÀmno}tnf±txf£J°¯m0²*a'{{\¼qf0zx{qe*f tnb ¤mÈsf´LufJvq³tnb fÀpJmnfE{q¡?ÎsÏC ¬ BZmbJoqmBff0R zx{qB{Cmnf0µg8_·¸²½Î ÏC ¬ BZm{qJmn¤mwt£ tnb f sf0mtnJo}tn{q%s¡[{Czne* txb fimnfLsfzc{}¡¦txb f# f5tn£twv¥{}¡ JoC°qftxmu{qzxzxf0,tx£v?zxf0uf0£¼Cf0
(46) mnJuftnb f oCmwtZs©ª{qzsfzi{q fC² £tnb=txb m#s¡[{Czne¥o\tx£{C ³tnbJf*mn{qpJzxf?sftnf8,txmitxb f*CoqJmi£Etnb f¥zxf0f¼qf0z p fzo}L¦³qtxb fzxfu¡[{CznfC³C£tcLf8u{qe*f8m¢oq £ftn{znftnzo}Jmne*±te?{Cznf tnbJoq%{Cmt¢JoC°qfut¢£%tnb f#mnoqe*f j;aaR¨b ¤bznf8mp £txmcÈo¡:oqmtnfzzxf0{\¼qf0znvC². IFE. .
(47) #"
(48). R _ ' Ì '_ Ç % a ÍRÍ Ç R8a R[ Ì a C Ϩ¢f0£"°¯ {\¨È¨o_v%tn{
(49) Cfutzx¤S{}¡A zx{q fe¥m{qs© u f0zn Ztxb f {q sf¤o_v$%o{q5tnzx{q {¯{q¥¤mAtx{$mJ££t¢£t¢5tn{$mnf¼Cfzo} mne*oq£L£{¯{CJm²;acb ¤mF¤sf0o m;¨f f8mwto} mnb f8?{qtnb f0zFu{CCtxfur¯txm?tnff0{qe*e$pJ 0o\tx£{CJm³}mnpJb*oqmtxb f u{CCtxzn{CC{q¡Ï4cj tnz o D
(50) £=ÏAa ~ µg,·ª²$Ï mne?¤o}zisf8o%bLoqmLf0f= zn{CL{5mf8S¡[{qz#a¬y µ 8·ª²$acb f*mxo\tnf0££tnf?£ ° mc¤mn{q¤o\tnf8
(51) ¡[zx{qe tnb f#zxf0mtc{q¡'txb f -Â5tnfzx ftcpLm tw¨¢{*zx{qpstxfzmiÃPo?¼5zntnpJoq f0mtnJo\tx£{CoqJo. IJI. K ú Ö_ãÔÛ'Ù,Ü8ÕPãÔÙ,ÝZÓÔ×wÕPÛ"ÕPÖ_×VÚP×wØw×wã Lu×wÚFäØNM0Ý8ÙPO'ÓÔ×wÞQ,××RLu×wÚTS#ÙÕ¸Ö_×wÚ"Ü\äØNM,×ÂÕAß_ò8Õã ÕÜ8ÚPÙ,Ö_ãÔß8ã Õ¸Û;ã ÕVU£ÚPÙ,å«Þ8×ÓöäBS8ãÔÝHQäÝiÒ÷1W UÙ,Ú¦ÕPÖ\äÝ#ä¢ÕPãÔå×wÙ,ò8Õá. ç[èé çêÒ.
(52) .
(53) . !!" #%$& ('
(54) ). ¼¯£zntnpJoq m{Cp zuf8Äu²"acb fmnfJ fz´Jzmwt;tnzo}Lme*£txmtn{itxb fc¼5zntnpJoq¯ f0mtnJo\tx£{C$txbJo\tA¨£sto}°Cf0o}zxf {}¡Btnb f oC°¯ {\¨£f8sqe*f0Ctm;o}Jznftnzo}Jmne*mxmn£{CJm²"acb fzn{Cpstnf0zFoq°¯ {\¨f0sCf0m'tnb f o\totx{#tnb f mf0Jsf0zVoqmA£¡tnb fzxf0f¼qf0zAbJoqmAC{}tAtxb f o}txo C±tmf0J m;txb f*txb f o\toZo\t¢o#Jzn{CLf0z Ã[B{qp J f0JÄ zxo}tnf$tnb zx{qp CbÈtnbJf?mxo\txf££tnf£ °³¦¨b ¤bXmf0zn¼Cf0moqmio%mn£e* fJ£Bf¨£tnbJ{qpstZu{C qf8mwtx£{C ²iÏt tnb fÈ{qtnb f0z¥fJ ³FtnbJfÈ{}tnbJfz¥zx{qpstxfzÈÃ[¼¯ztxpJo} mn{qp zuf_ÄZtxzxoqJmne?£txm?tx{=tnb fÈzxf0f¼qfz8³VoqJ`£¡io mf0qe*f5t#m¤o\tnf0z{Cmtitnb ¤mizn{Cpstnf0z¨£;zxfutxzxoqJme*£t£t0²acb ¤mie*f0o}Lm txbJo\t#±tZ f0f0 mtn{bJo_¼Cf o{q¯vÈ{}¡Vtnb f¥ o}txo%¡[{qz#znftnzo}Jmne*mxmn£{CJm²acbJf?oCs¼\o}5txoqqf$¤mtnbJo}to}"txb ¤m#mitxzxoqJmLo}zxf5t tn{tnb fimf0Jsf0z0& ² F {\¨f¼Cfz8³}txb mmn{qpstn{q
(55) Jznf8o}°smAtxb ff0J¯©¸tn{q©¸f0J
(56) mnfe¥o}5tn¤m¢oqmxm{so}tnf0*¨£tnb tnb fa¬y® zx{}tx{su{q¸². #". ". " ". Ç aiR8aih Ç TLÇ \ Ì a a'Ç q R[ Ì a %s
(57) K Rnh K Ç R Cs R:Ì a Ç TLÇ b ^ M J d V Y acb f f0o*¤mctn{¥{CLf0Smnf¼Cfzo}¦a¬y¿u{C f8,tn{qLmc£S{qzsf0zctn{
(58) mnfJSo¥mn£ C£fi´Jfq²¢acb f$oq ¼_oq5txo}Cf mVtnbLo\tVtxb ¤m¢s{¯f8mV {qt¢ f0f0¥oq5v?e*{ss±´Bo\tx£{C¥tn{?mwto}JJo}z¥a¬y"U² [mn $e¥o}¯v*u{C f0utn{qJm me$pJ±to} f0{qpJmn£v%£Jznf8oqmnf0m¢tnbJfe¥o\rs£ep e oqJtnb fZ £tn¤o} ¨Js{\¨ m0²FÏ ¤m{L³ £t e*oq°qf8m¡:oqmtnfz tnb f*Czn{\¨ctxbM{}¡Ftxb f?tnb zx{qpJqb p t0
(59) ² iÁay pJmnf0m#o}=oq oqstn¼qf*o}q{Czn£tnbJe½tx{%´LJMtxb f*o} zx{}© zxo}tnf
(60) ¯p eLf0z${}¡ {q f8,tx£{CJm$mn{Ètn{X {}t${\¼Cfzx£{5oqXtnb f futw¨{qzx°²acbJf%zxf0mnp ±tmoÈe*{qzxf o}Cqzxf0mxm¼qfia¬y"³Jb fJfo?b £Cb fzctxb zx{qp Cb pst8². I. . -Â*txb ¤mFJoqLf0z0³5¨¢f¯¼qf8mwtx£5o\tnf o zn{C fe. txbJo\t{supJzxmA¨bJf
(61) a¬y/{CLf0zxo}tnf0m;%o# ftw¨¢{Czn°bJo_¼¯£J o mne*oq£AJp Bf0zn ÈoqJoq±twvM{qe*Joqznf8Ètn{S£txm#JoqJs¨¤¯tnb ©ªsf0o_vÈJzn{sspJut0²e-ªtZmitxb f* zx{q fe{q¡ {¯{Cmn£JiLoq°qftxmAspJzn mn£{\¨c©Âmwto}zntALf¡[{qzxfc¡[p £v?pstn£Å #txb fo_¼\o}oq fLo}Js¨¤¯txb ²Aacb f0mnf£{5mnmnf0m oqznfisp ftn{$tnb fib qb%zo\txfo}t¨b ¤b
(62) txb f#a¬y`mn{qp zufmnfL m p zmwtmV{q¡'Joq°Cfutm¢spJzn mn{\¨c©ªmtxoqzt8² -ÂLsff8¦³"oqEJu{Ce*£ SÏC ¬ B»txznqCfzmtnb f*txzxoqJme*¤mnmn{qX{q¡o p zmt#{q¡Vtw¨{SJoq°Cfutxmi¨b ¤b=q¼qf0m oSmnfJ £ zo\tnf?tw¨¤uf?tnbJf
(63) o_¼_oq£¤o}J£fJo}J ¨¯txb C² -ª¡tnbJf?Jfutw¨{qzx°È p fzmZo}zxf {qtsf0mn£C f0Xtn{ oqJmn{qzx
(64) tnbJmcb qbSzo\txfq³5tnb f0v%¨£¦{\¼Cfz @J{\¨¹o}L%{Cmxmf8m¨£ {sp zcLf¡[{qzxftxb fmn{qp zufiqftxmcS{qs© Cf0mtn{q%o_¼C{q¤ o}Lufq²acb fi¨£J {\¨RmÅfi¨b f0
(65) tnbJf0mnf{Cmxmf8m¢oqznfisfutxf0utnf0¤mo$¨zn{C $f8mwtx£e¥o}tn{q%{q¡ txb f futw¨{qzx°i0o}JoCu£twvqV ² pstAa¬yX{qJmn¤sfzm £t;oCm¦txb f¢e¥o}r¯e$pJeznf8oqbJoq £fA¨Js{\¨/¨bJbznf8mp £txm Eo
(66) tnb zx{qpJqb p t#sf0qzoq o}tn{q ²iacb ¤mJzn{C £f0eS³B°¯ {\¨Eoqmtnb f*s{qpJ £f*mn£{\¨c©Âmwto}znt b f0 {qe*fJ{q ³ bLoqmcBffS zxf¼¯{qpJmnv
(67) mwtxpJsf0£Àµg¶ ³0·¸². . p ftn{Xtnb f0£z*b qbºJzn{CJo}5o\tn{qº f¤o_vq³;tnbJm? zx{q fe ¤m$¼CfzxvÀ£°qf0£v=tn{=o} Bf0oqz`Cf{5mwto\tn{q © oqznvÀmxo\tnf0££tnf£ °sm²º¾i¼qf0ºtnbJfb qb u{Cmt¥o}JÀtxb fSmn0o}zu£twvE{q¡ tnb f8mf£ °sm0³FoEmn{qpstx£{C/tn{Etnb f {qp fmn{\¨c©ªmtxoqztJb f {Ce*f {CMmzxf0§5p znf8¦² f? zn{CL{5mf£Mtnb ¤miJo}Bfztw¨¢{L{5mnmn £f?bJo}Jqf0m tx{%a¬y¿M{qzsf0ztn{m{C£¼Cf#tnb ¤mJzn{C £f0e½{q¡;tnb zx{qp Cb pstisfCzxoC o\tx£{C \ ² [mn£ e o @Jp ¤Moq zx{Coqb'³ txb fif f0,t{q¡'tnbJf0mnfe* zn{\¼Cfe*f5tmV{Ca¬y Lf0z¡[{Czne¥o}Luf¤me¥o\tnbJfe¥o\tx0o}£v
(68) oqJo}v¯Åf0 ²acb fi¼\o\© ¤s±twvi{}¡¯txb fVzxf0mnp £txm¦¤m txb fZJzn{\¼Cf0i¯vio mnfut"{}¡ me$pJo}tn{qJm¦pLm ; a txb f futw¨{qzx°Î¯e$p ¤o\tx{qzVµ g \·¸². . acbJf$´Jzmti zx{qB{Cmn£tn{qX{qJmnmtxmEe*{ss£¡[v5 tnb f*zxf0spL,tn{qM¡:oq,tx{qz#{qJfbJoq±¡¢pJmf8M¯vMmtxo}L o}z a¬y tx{*0o}¤up ¤o\txfitnb fmn£{\¨c©Âmtxo}znttnb zxf0mnb {q¤o\¡êtnf0z o?£{5mnmsftnf8,tn{q'²FÏme*£¤o}zc¤sf0o?bJoCmo}znf8oqsv Bff0S zn{CL{5mf8£Àµg0_·"¡[{qzctnbJf{qBfzo\tx£{C{q¡"txb f ±txoq txb znf8mbJ{q¤mn{
(69) oqmtx{
(70) £e* zx{\¼qftnbJfLf0z¡[{Cz© e¥oqJuf{q¡Fmb {Czti o\to?tnzo}Jm¡[fzm² f00o}pJmnf#tnbJm zx{q fe {}¡A p zmtxm ¨£tnbXb £CbÈzxo}tnfs{% {}ti{¯0up z U ØwÙ,ò_Ú:Û¸×Fã U¯ÕPÖ_×FÚP×wØw×wã Lu×wÚPÛAäØ,M0Ý_Ù=O'ÓÔ×ÞHQ,×Û"×RLu×Ú'SÜ\äØNM,×ÂÕAäÝ_Þã UsÕ¸Ö8×AÒ÷1W;Û'äÚ:×VÝ8ÙÕ"ÓÔÙ,Û:Õ'Ù,ÝÕPÖ_×AÚP×ÂÕPò_Ú:ÝZÜ\äxÕ¸ÖCá. é"é. Ý sJîuÿî.
(71) . U; ?L' ?
(72) U)r <e9;!"7e. . Èu{C qf8mwtx£{Co_¼C{q¤ o}Jfq³¯f0o_¼¯£J*mn{\¨c©ªmtxoqztcf0oqznv
(73) Bfu¡[{qzxf#tnbJfZ p fz {\¼Cfz@J{\¨Rmn{q¼qf0m¢txb f zx{qs© feS; ² -ÂX{qpJzo}Lo}v¯mn¤m³L¨¢f$´JJMoqMfurs zxf0mxm{qS¡[{Cz txb fzxf0§5p zxf0¡:oqutn{Cz tn{qftzxÈ{q¡Atnb f?s{qpJ £f mn{\¨c©ªmtxoqztiq¼qfXtnb f* ftw¨¢{Czn°SJoqzxoqe*futnf0zxm0²$Ï mtnpJsvX{}¡Vtxb f?tnb zx{qpJqb p tZoCm#o%¡[pJJ,tx£{CE{q¡VtnbJm ¡:oC,tx{qzcmo}¤m{?Lf0z¡[{Czne*f8¦². . Îsf0u{CJsvq³A¨f% zx{qB{Cmnf¥tx{Xzxf0spJf
(74) txb f
(75) txzxoqJme*¤mnmn{q/zo\tnfsp zx£JEmn£{\¨c©Âmwto}znt£`{qzsfz$tn{Eo_¼C{q¤ txb f# p fz{\¼Cfz@J{\¨¹o}J
(76) tnb f0tnb f#p J f0mn£zo} fi£{5mnmnf0m0²Z-ÂJmwtxf0oC
(77) {}¡;mf0Js *£e*e*f0 o}tnfv%o p zmwt {q¡;tw¨¢{¥JoC°qftxmcMznf8mB{qLmfitn{o}MϬCB*³stxb fmn{qp zuf#Jmnfzntxmo¥fzntxoq£Msf0o_vLf¡[{qzxf#tnb f?mf8u{CJ Loq°qftFtnzo}Lme*¤mnmn£{C ²;acb m zx{qB{Cmxo}Lmcmn£e*oqz¢mn zn£tVtx{$txb fi{q f zn{CL{5mf8¥¯v¥yoqztxzn¤sCf$µg_0· {q¡mnJoq£ Xtnb fÈoC°5J{\¨£f8sqe*f5tm¨b ¤b`zxf0§5p znf8m³AbJ{\¨¢f0¼qfz8³FbJoq qf8m`txb fBfbLo_¼5{qz?{}¡tnb f f0mtnJo\tx£{C{Cz oq £ ¥5tnf0££CfJf#tn{*txb fm¨£txbJf0m0² fZ znf8mf05to}Èo}Joq£vsmnmc{q¡"txb f$mnJoq£J?{q¡ Loq°qftxmcmnf5t£Èmn£{\¨c©Âmwto}znt0² -ºtnb f fur¯t?mnf0utn{q. ³A¨f
(78) {Cpstn£Jf
(79) tnbJf @Jp ¤ºe*{ssf0¢pJmnf0º£º{Cp zoqJo}vsm¤m0²Eί{qe*f
(80) zxf0mnp £txm$¡[{qp L /µö5³'g0¶\·{qJfzx £J*tnb f$ {qp f$mn£{\¨c©Âmtxo}zntc b fJ{qe*f {CMo}zxfZe*f5tn{q f8¦²C-ÂMmf8,tn{qÈ
(81) oqJ¶J³ txb fS´Jzmwt%oqJ tnb fMmnf0{qJ® zx{qB{Cmn£tn{q«o}zxfzxf0mnBf0,tx£¼Cfv`o}Lo}v5Å0f0¦² -«mnf0utn{q¹s³¨fÈ znf8mf05t {Cp zmn£ep ¤o\tn{qÈe*{ssf0oqJtnb f{qsto} f0Szxf0mnp £txm0² ίf0utn{q ¥C£¼Cf0m {qJ£pLm{qJmo}JÈmn{qe*f{CLf0 §5p f8mwtx£{CJm0². . . . . +. . . acbJf¥ futw¨{qzx°M¤mZe*{¯ ff0ÀoqmoSmn£Jqf¥L{qttnfJf0°XJ{¯ f¥{}¡cJo}J ¨¯txb ®oqJ={}¡oS p fz¨£tnb 0o}JoCu£twv bJo_¼¯ $o?i Á -wÁ mf0zn¼¯¤uf mxu £ fC² fimpJ L{5mftnbLo\tVtxb f#a¬y`mn{qp zufmu{C f0utnf8 tx{tnb f¥B{}tntnf f8°M¼¯oSob qbÀmBff8E °² bJfÀ£f8o_¼¯£ tnbJf¥L{qttnfJf0°³"a¬y Joq°Cfutmizn{5mnm txb fmxo\tnf0££tnfZ£ °tn{*txb fsf8mwtx£Jo}tn{qS¨b f0znf#txb fvo}zxfoq°¯ {\¨f0sCf0¦²Aacb fÏC ¬ BZmzxfutxp zxtx{*tnb f mn{qpJzxf¼¯oo$J{q{q Cf0mtnf8¥Jo\txb ²Aacb f#zn{Cp J*txzn
(82) tx£e*f#Bfutw¨ff%tnb ftnzo}Lme*¤mnmn£{C
(83) {}¡o$JoC°qft oqJÈtxb f*znf8uf0£st#{}¡±tmZÏC ¬ B»¤me*{ssf0£f8EoCmtxb f¥mpJe{}¡¢oS{qJmtxoqCt#u{Ce?B{qJf5t ¦³¦tnb f¥mnfzx¼¯f tx£e*f#o\t¢tnb fiL{qttx£f0 f0° Mo}L*tnb fi¨co}£tn tx£e*fi£%tnb fi p fz8²
(84) zxf zxf0mnf5txmFtnb fi zx{qJoqCo}tn{q f¤o_v pJmVtnb f zx{¯f0mxm Ztx£e*fio\tVtxb f{qtnb f0z¢J{¯ f0mF{q¡¦tnb fi ftw¨¢{Czn°²"ÏmVMµö8·ª³¯¨¢fmnp B{Cmnf txbJo\t txb f$a¬y¹{q Jf0,tx£{CÈmbJoqznf8mctnbJfL{qttx£f0 f0°¨±txbMo}Èp Lu{q5txzn{C£f0furs{CqfJ{qpJmtxzxo D¥#{q¡Azxo}tnf à ,q Z¡[{qzimwto} ±twvznf8§5p £zxfe*f0Ct,Ä,²cacb f fzxf5tJoqzxoqe*futnf0zxmc{q¡;tnb fe?{ssf0"oqznfmnb {\¨È ´Lqp zxf*gq². . . .
(85) . . . . V f oCmnmnp e*fAo}¤m{ctxbJo\t txb fVmn{qp zuf;bJoCm o}¨co_v¯mLoq°qftxmBtx{ mf0JZo}JtxbJo\t xt b fFzxf0f¼qfz oC°¯ {\¨£f8sqf8m f0¼qf0znv¥ f0¨ Loq°qft0² Ç ÀsG m 9>'L 2 !1 < U ( >' ) O!12 ;
(86) > )A T !1 < 9 H) Q 3. " $! #&% * . '.
(87) "1
(88) . . . )(. 7 8. !!1 8 ) T S0?8 !1 <
(89) 4!X)4!1 2&3 )4# 4 : <
(90) > :U)
(91) > ) < U: # 2 L O U )/U < 2 ?=>4' , >?? )4 US7 e ' ) !X 2&3 )4 4T > < ? < U U 4 > / L U !1 UA ( 7 8 < !1 G) !!" # ! ('
(92) ) U < r> 7 8. 2& <= 2c< 8>4) 0 8 < )?>7 8. L)A . ? US) $ ? U 8 ) =>4'L 2 !1 < L ( >' <=? < !X <S9 H) 44 %T )
(93) ?>?S 4U! US. !"3. 4!X ? < 2& 8<T > L)4 / U >? 4)47 8 2& <= 2 UH
(94) ?H ])7 08)O >'
(95) 2 !1 < <. +. -. 2(.
(96) ,. +. $(. ,. .!$/&%(. +. . 0. ç[èé çêÒ.
(97) .
(98) . !!" #%$& ('
(99) ). Satellite GEO. λ Source. Destination. Buffer. µ. B. Á£Cp znf*g=pFacb f futw¨{qzx°%~S{ssf0. ,. . L ') U C. .
(100) . . '. + . !X /9 4
(101) = U 7 ()4 f) )4 8 : -
(102) )4%
(103) ]( > ' ) ;U ) . rT O7 )4 f) )4 8 72& 8> OU . !X8 !1 ? < 2& 8< L )
(104) > ). . )(.
(105). > . Ð'fut pJm {\¨ fu´J f#txb f$s fzxf5t Jo}zo}e*ftnfzmpJmnf0tn{¥e*{ssf'tnb fa¬y¿{q Jf0,tx£{C ²Vacb fmn{qpJzxf bLoqm oq£¨co_vsmo¥{q Cf0mtn{q¨£Ls{\¨ ! ¨bJbȤmctnbJfZe*o}rs£ep e oq£{\¨f0
(106) ¯p eLf0z {}¡Ap Loq°¯ {\¨£© f8sqf8ÈJoC°qfutm² f¥mp JL{5mf$tnbJo}ttxb f*znf8uf¼qf0zoCs¼qf0ztxmnf0ȨJs{\¨¤mioqznCf$f0 {qp CbXmn{
(107) tnbLo\tZ±t {5f8m tZo f0utitxb f @J{\¨{q5tnzx{q¸²$Î5txoqztx£Jo}tZo¨Js{\¨ {q¡V{q f*mnfqe*f0Ct8³tnb f¥mn{qp zuf?Juzxf0oCmf8m ! ¯vX{C f*¡[{qzf¼CfzxvMznf8uf0£¼Cf0ÀÏC ¬ B pJCtx£¢±tznf8oqb f8mitnb fm{\¨c©ªmtxoqztitnbJznf8mb {C !LA ² Ffzxfq³±t mn¨£txb f8mitn{Mu{C qf8mwtx£{CEo_¼C{q¤ o}Jf$¨b ¤bÀv¯£f0 m$o}=£Jznf8oqmnfJ ! ¯v ! ?¨bJf/o}ÀÏC ¬ B ¤m?znf8uf0£¼Cf0¦³Atxb fzxfu¡[{Cznf¯v/{q fÈmnfCe?f05t?f0¼qfzxv/j;aa#² {}txftnbJo}t0³V® zxoC,txfq ³ ! m¥mtn{Cznf8º ¬ B µg0_·ª²Èacb mq¼qf0m ¯v5tnf8mo}LE£t¤mZJuzxfe*f0Ctxf0=¯ v
(108)
(109)
(110)
(111) ¯vCtxf0m¡[{qzf0¼qfzxvMJu{Ce*£ MÏC oq`Juzxf0oCmfSmn£qb5tnv/f0mxm$txbJo}®{qJfS~MÎJÎ`Bfz¥j;aa#² {\¨Z³¢±¡i¨¢fq {Cznftnb fȧ5p f0p £JXtx£e*fÈ ¡[zx{q5t#{}¡¢tnb f*{q zx{qJoqCo\tx£{CXsf0o_vC³ jaa oqEBf¥u{qLm¤sfzxf0Eoqm#u{CJmtxo}5tZo}J=u{CJmnf0§5p f5tx£v txb f¨Js{\¨«Juzxf0oCmf8mF£Jf0o}zxv?spJzn ${q Cf0mtn{q
(112) o_¼q{CJo}Jfq ² -ª¡ ¨f {q t{qJmn fzFtxb fzo}Ls{qe f0znzx{qzmA{C
(113) tnbJfimxo\txf££tnf£ °MÃ[¸² f²A¯v¥oq £ f {Cp qbÁѬcÄ,³¯tnbJm£ f8o}zqzx{\¨ctnb ³5¨b ¤b
(114) ¤mmn{\¨¢f0z txbJo}tnbJffrsL{C f5tn¤o}s{C fcsp zx£ Zmn£{\¨c©Âmtxo}znt0³\{q5tn¯p f0mp 5tns¨fzxf0oCbtxb fce*o}rs£ep e zxf0oqbLo} f ¨Js{\¨ ! ²¢acbJmmctxb fe¥o\rse$p e½¯p e$Bfz {q¡Fa¬y«Joq°CfutxmtxbJo\tio}SBf#´ t5tn{¥txb fZ Lf oqJ=tnbJf% p fz8² F f0znfC³AoÈ£{5mnm{¯0up zm$ p f¥tn{X p fz?{\¼qfz @J{\¨Z²Ïu{Czx £ Stx{Ea¬y;©¸txoqb {¯fMµgqg,· pLmf8StnbJmJo}Bfz8³ !¥¤mmnfuttn{%bJo}£ ¡ ! oqJ ! tx{Ègq²cÏ f¨mn£{\¨c©Âmtxo}znto}Jtxb fMo* f0¨ a¬y«v¯£f#BfC£Jm0² fZq¼q f ! txb fZ¼\o}p fi¡[{qp JÀµÔ_·. . . . . . !. . q 1* . . Ã:CÄ. f {qtnfb fzxf#tnbJo}ttxb foC s£tn{qÈ{}¡;txb f$fr¯{Cqf0 {qpJmtxzxoD
(115) Zznf8spJf0mctxb fmnbJo}zxfZ{}¡;txb fa¬y¹{qs© Jf0,tx£{Ctnb fZJp Bf0zo}L%tnb fZJoqJs¨¤¯tnb'². #. bLo\tZbJo}JLf0JmZXtxb f
(116) s{qpJ £f¥mn£{\¨c©Âmtxo}zntZoqmnf?m#txbJo\to{Cmxm#{¯0up zm#sp f*tx{So p Bf0z{\¼qf0z J@ {\¨. çêÝÙ,ò_Ú'äÝ\äÓ S8ÛPãÔÛnæ½ãÔÛ'å×äÛPò_ÚP×wÞãÔÝÛP×=Q,å×wÝuÕ¸Û'ÚPäxÕ¸Ö_×wÚ'Õ¸Ö\äÝãÔÝiß S0ÕP×wÛná. é"é. Ý sJîuÿî. .
(117) U; ?L' ?
(118) U)r <e9;!"7e. . Bfu¡[{Cznf%znf8oqb ! ²XacbJfzxfu¡[{qzxfq³;oÈ f0¨»m{\¨c©ªmtxoqztBfC£Lm¨£tnb`oStxb zxf0mnb {q¤À£f8mnmtnbJoq! ² acbJfmn{qp zufZCfutxmXu{C qf8mwtx£{CSo_¼C{q¤ o}Lufo\t#o
(119) mne*oq£fz¨£Ls{\¨ o}Jtxb fXtxoq°qf0me*{qzxfZtne*ftn{ zxf0oCb ! ²Facb ¤mf0oC mtn{¥o*sfCzxoC o\tx£{C%Èa¬y Bfzn¡[{qzxe¥o}Jfq² Ï0u{Czxs tn{Mtnb f%oqJo}vsm¤mZ¿µÔs³Vg0¶\·¸³txb f%mn£{\¨c©Âmwto}znto}ÀBfs¼¯ f0ÀCtx{Me*£J±©Âuvsuf0m{}¡ sps© zo\tx£{C ¦²Ïttxb f?Lf0q %{q¡Ve*£ £©ÂuvsufA³ o% p zmwti{}¡ ϬCBZmoqznzx£¼Cf0m o}ttxb f*m{Cp zxf$o\t zo\txf +$oqJ
(120) oq {}txb fz p zmwt{}¡¥a¬yºJoC°qftxm¢£f8o_¼qf0mV±to\tzxo}tnf ²Aacb¯pJm0³5tnb f#§5p fp f o}tFtnbJfB{}ttx£f0 f0°? p ¤ mVpJ%o\tzxo}tnf ºÃêtxb f fzxfJf Bfutw¨ff
(121) tnb ftn{}to}L£ Jpst¢zo\tx4 f Èo}L*tnb f {CpstnJpstzo\txf 'Ä,²acb f$ p fzi{\¼qfz @J{\¨ m¨b f0M¨¢f$znf8oqbÈo
(122) uf0zto}S¨£J {\¨ ! ¿oqJS¨f$o}zxf$mtn£ Èm{\¨c©Âmwto}znt0 ² ! ®¤mcq¼qf0¯v ! q *, 1. Ã[¶5Ä. . . . .
(123) . .
(124) . . acbJf={qJs£tn{q¹tn{®qfutÈo` {qp fÀm{\¨c©ªmtxoqztmSmn£e* v ! ! ² -ª¡$¨fÀsfu´JJf
(125) oqmtnb f J{qzxe*oq£Åf8
(126) p Bf0zoqJoq±twvC³5¨fZqftctnb f#¡[{C£{\¨£J?{qJs£tn{q¡[{Cp J£=µö8·. #. ÃPqÄ. 7 ÁJ{qz ,q : ³¯txb ¤m u{CJs£tn{qLf8u{qe*f8mme*£¤o}zctx{*tnb f
(127) 7$¡[{qpJJ£=µ£g0¶}·ª² bJftnb f#{Cmxmc{¯0up zmco\t5!. ³s£tc¤mn t e*e*f0s¤o\txfv%sfutxf0utnf0 ² f#e$pLmwt¨co}£tco*u{Ce* £ftnfZj;aa Bfu¡[{Cznf%tnb fzxf0uf0stn{q {}¡txb ftnb zx sp ¤o\txfϬCB £¡¨fmnp B{Cmnf
(128) txbJo\t?tnbJfSÁLoqmt?jftnzo}Jmne*±t oq£C{qzx±txb e µ£g8_·Am#mnp B{qzntnf8¦²Zp zx %txb ¤mtx£e*fC³¦tnb f*mn{qp zufznf8uf¼qf8m4! R f¨Ï¬CBZm0²Zacb fzxfu© ¡[{CznfC³qtxb fi¨£J {\¨¿qzx{\¨ mA¡[zx{qe ! tx{o¼\oq£p f! ® ¨b ¤bsf0Lf0J m{q¥txb fiL{5m£tn{q{}¡>!$¨£tnb zxf0mnBf0,tctx{ ! o}L 8! ²Facb f#e*o}rs£ep e ¼\o}p f#{}¡ !¹ ¤m5+! Jpst ±t0o}LfZf8§5pJo}Btn{ !?£¡.
(129). 1* . . q. . ¨f#qftcÈu{C qf8mwtx£{Co_¼q{CJo}JfBfu¡[{CznfZsftnf0utn *tnbJfZ£{5mnm0² f0o}¨zn£tnf. q *,! +! . ÃTCÄ acbJf#mnf0{qJmn£{\¨c©Âmwto}znt¢BfC£Jm ¨±txbotnbJznf8mb {C ! q ! + s²f0oqpJmnftxb m f¨Rtnb zxf0mnb {q¤m !. f0mxmtnbLo}StnbJfZ{\¼qfz@J{\¨¹¨Js{\¨Z³s¨fZqft £È{q Cf0mtn{qSo_¼q{q¤ oqJuf#o\ttxb fZfJS{q¡"txb ¤m bJoCmfC²VÏm tnb fZJznf0¼5{qpLm0oqmnfq³¯txb fu{C qf8mwtx£{Co_¼q{CJo}Jf¤oqmtxmcp 5tn> ! q ! ². ! ! ²acbJm 0o}SBfoq0u{Ce?J£¤mbJf0¯v%f£tnbJfzJznf8oqmn£ ! {Czsf0znf8oqmn£J !%±¡;tnbJf futw¨{qzx°%Lo}zo}e*futxfzm mxo\txm¡[v
(130) f8§CpLo\tn{qÀÃPCÄ, ² p zJzn{CL{5m£tn{qJm¢txznf8o\tctnb f8mf8mtw¨¢{*B{Cmxm ££tnf0m0². -ªt#¤mi£f8o}ztnbJo}titx{o_¼C{q¤tnb f¥s{Cp fmn£{\¨c©Âmwto}znt0³B¨¢f?e$pLmwt#o}¨o_vsm e¥oq£5txoq£. . [m ºa¬y;©¸txoqb {¯fXs{¯f0mn t%e*f0oq txbJo\t%tnb ¤m
(131) zx{qJ£f0e 0o} {qt
(132) {supJz
(133) ¨±txb«tnb fE{}txb fz
(134) ¼Cfzm{qLm q{ ¡¢a¬y² f¥mnff$£tZf¼Cfzxvtx£e*ftnb f*mn£{\¨c©Âmwto}znto}q{Czn£tnbJe ¤m#oq£f0Esp ftn{So¥¡:oqmt#znf8u{\¼qf0znv=µg0_· ¡:oq£p zxfq²;Ï ¤m{L³¯¨¢ffJ{qp 5tnf0z¢£to}t¢txb fBfC£J £J{q¡¦tnb f#u{C f0utn{q ²A~S{Cznf0{\¼qfz8³}Bf00o}pJmnfo$oqznCf ¯p eLf0z{}¡Joq°Cfutxm¤mc£{5mwtBfutw¨ff0%txb fi´Jzxmt£{5mnmoqJ±tmsfutxf0,tx£{C ³ £tms1D
(135) up £t¡[{qzctxb fZ{}txb fz ¼Cfzm{qLm¦{}¡La¬yMtn{znf8u{\¼qf0z¦¡[zx{qe tnb f8mf{Cmxmf8mFµg0_·ª²Ï`tne*f{Cpst{s0up zm'oqJ$omf8u{qLm{\¨c©Âmwto}znt m ´LJo}£vo}f0¨±txb*otnbJznf8mb {C{qJf¢¡[{Cp zntnb ! ²;acb ¤m;£f8oq mtx{#L{¯{qzxfz;Bfzn¡[{qzxe¥o}Jf¢Joqztxp ¤o}zx£v ¡[{Cz mbJ{qzntc£¡[fu{qJ f0utn{qJm0². ç[èé çêÒ.
(136) .
(137) . !!" #%$& ('
(138) ). . \+¢! %. S¦ "$X $. . $+. J¦! / % . "+. acbJfÈsf8oÀm¥tn{ºsf8uzxf0oqmnf ! tn{/qft
(139) Lf0£{\¨ ! ²Racb ¤m¥e¥o}°Cf0m?txb fXmn{qp zufSf5txfz
(140) u{C qf8mwtx£{C o_¼C{q¤ o}Luf#¨±txbÈ{q fm{\¨c©ªmtxoqzt8²f00o}pJmnf !¥m£e*B{Cmnf0S¯v futw¨{qzx°
(141) Joqzxoqe?ftnf0zxm0³stnbJf{q v B{Cmxmn£ f?¨o_vȤmtn{ÈbJo}Jqftnb f*zxf0spJutn{qX¡:oq,tx{qz#{qJf?bLo}£¡V¨b ¤bE¤m#pJmnf0E£Àsfutxfzxe*£ ! ² acbJfzxfu¡[{qzxfq³¨f*txo}°Cf ! q 1!Ȩ£tnb :. ²ÈÏ `Cznf8o\txfz#tnbLo}¿g q¼¯£{Co}tnf0mtnb f {q Cf0mtn{qu{q5txzn{CBJznJu fZ{}¡;a¬y"².
(142). .
(143).
(144). acbJm¥Jf¨ ¡:oqutn{qzs{¯f0mn t%bLo} Cf ! ³ m{Àtxb fXu{CJs£tn{q®tn{ºmn{q¼qfStxb fXs{Cp fMm{\¨c©Âmwto}znt*zxfu© e¥oq£Jm ! !Hq ! ²Z-ª¡ ¨fzxf ¤oqf4! o}J ! 5v?txb fz¢¼\oq£p f8mFC£¼Cf
(145)
(146) f0§5pJo}tn{qJm Ã:¶5Äo}L=ÃPCÄu³ ¨¢fi´JL%txbJo\t ÈepJmt Lfb {5mf0mn{?tnbJo}t.
(147).
(148).
(149).
(150)
(151) *+
(152) *N . . q !! q
(153) . ø}Ä. . sf8uzxf0oCmf8m ¨b f0
(154) %Bf0{qe*f0mmne*oq£fzsp fco}£Jznf8oqmnfF ¥{qz ${Cz"osf0znf8oqmnf
(155) txb fi p fzco}Loqu£twv
(156) ²Aacb ¤me?f8o}JmVtnbLo\t5!ºmBf0{qe*£J¡:o}zntnbJfz¢¡[zn{Ce{C fibJo}£¡>!?o}L txb fX¨¢fZepJmwtiznf8spJf#¡[p ztxb fz! tn{e¥o}°qf#txb f {qp f$mn£{\¨c©Âmtxo}znt¼\o} ¤mb'² fJ{}tnf?o}¤m{*txbJo\t oqMJuzxf0oCmf£ ³txb5pLm B³¦e¥o}°Cf0m e?{\¼Cf§5p ¤°¯£vtn{£ ´J £twv`Ã:Áqp zxf?CÄ,²acb ¤mJznf8oqmnf ¤m¼qfzxvSmbJoqznX¨b f oq zx{CoqbJf0mZgC²iacb¯pJm0³Btnb f*s{qpJ £f*mn£{\¨c©Âmwto}znt zx{q fe Bf0u{Ce*f0m£f8mnm£e?© B{qzntxoq5t¨b f0MtnbJf?frs{qqf0 {qpLmtnz o D
(157) $qzx{\¨ m% ² -ÂM¡:oC,t0³txb f¥o}Cqzxf0mxm¼qfZBfbJo_¼¯{qz{}¡¢a¬y sp zx£ mn{\¨c©ªmtxoqzte¥o}°Cf0mctxb f$sf8uzxf0oqmnfZ ! me¥o}fztxbJo}StxbJo\t{q¡ ! %znf8spJ£ *txb f$°qfb {¯{¯{q¡Ao Jp Bf0z{\¼qf0z @J{\¨¹ p zn
(158) mn£{\¨c©Âmtxo}znt0². . -ªt;¤m"£f8o}z"tnbJo}t. . .. . .
(159). . ÑF¼qf±¡B±tFmn{q¼qf8m'txb f zn{C fe{}¡s{qpJ £fcmn£{\¨c©Âmwto}znt'¡[{Cz;o
(160) Smno}tn¤mw¡[v¯ f8§5pJo\tx£{CÃPCÄ,³\txb ¤mAm{C£pstx£{C {5f8m ti£f8oqÈo}¨co_v¯mtn{%o%Lfttnf0zBfzn¡[{qzxe¥o}Jfq² a"{%mnb {\¨ tnb ¤m³¨f$u{CJmnsf0z0³J¡[{qz#o¥q¼qf0
(161) F³Btnb f ¨Js{\¨®mÅf o}tAtnb fBfC£J £JZ{}¡Btnb f{q Cf0mtn{q*o_¼q{C oqJuf bJoCmfoCmFoie?f8o}JmAtn{u{Ce*Jo}zxfa¬y Bfzn¡[{qzxe¥o}Jf#¡[{qztw¨¢{% fzxf5t ² Ï ¯vtnb zx{qp Cb psti£e* zx{\¼qf0e*f5t znf8§5p £zxf0mo}ÈJuzxf0oCmfZÈtnbJm ¨Js{\¨Z². . .
(162).
(163).
(164).
(165). . Ázxmt¨fE{qJmn¤sfz%tnb fÀoCmfM{q¡o ²»Î¯pJb {5f8m tSm{C£¼CfÈtnb fÀs{Cp fEmn£{\¨c©Âmwto}znt Jzn{C £f0eS³qtxb5pLmAtnbJfu{C qf8mwtx£{C
(166) o_¼q{C oqJufmtn£mtxo}zntxm¢o\t ! ³qtxb f txb zxf0mnb {q¤¥{}¡txb fmnf0{qJ¥mn£{\¨c© mtxoqzt; bJoCmfC> ² v$mtnpJ v5 tnb fcBfbJo_¼¯{qz;{}¡ ! oCm;o ¡[p L,tn{q?{}¡ "³q¨¢fcoq$f¼\oq£pJo}tnfcb {\¨ºepJbo ¡:oqp £twv
(167) znf8spJutn{q
(168) ¡:oC,tx{qz o f0utxm¢tnbJfZLf0z¡[{Czne¥o}Lufq²;acb f#¡[{C£{\¨£J?oqJo}vsm¤m¢mnb {\¨ m¢tnbLo\t b {¯{Cmn£J o¨zx{q /¯vEoq5vMoC o} tn¼qf* zx{}tn{s{q; {}t{C vXs{¯f0mn t$m{C£¼Cf$txb f
(169) s{qpJ £f¥mn£{\¨c©Âmtxo}znt# pst$o}¤mn{ £tZsfutxfzx£{Czxo}tnf0mtnb ftnb zx{qpJqb p t¨£tnbXzxf0mnBf0,titn{%tnb f?furs¤mwtx£Ja¬y²¦a'{o}¤upJo}tnf ! * >.n³tw¨{ 0oqmnf0me$pLmwt Bfu{CJm¤sf0znf8 p.
(170). I. é"é. . .
(171).
(172).
(173)
(174) ! *+
(175) .q ! Lf¡[{qzxf¢txb f bJoq qf£?txb fc¡:oqutn{qz {q f%bJo}£¡w² {\¨Z³"¡[{qz?o
(176)
(177) ³¨f
(178) Cfut ! q
(179) 1! 8! ³;tnb f0 ! q 8! o}JF! *>
(180) . q
(181) ! ²ºacb ¤m?¨£J {\¨»m*o}¨co_v¯mme¥oq£fz$tnbJoqF! * + .¨bJb znf8mp £txm . -Â?tnb ¤mFoCmfC³}pJmn£J*ÃCÄo}Lê}Äu³q¨fbLo_¼qf. Ý sJîuÿî.
(182) U; ?L' ?
(183) U)r <e9;!"7e. g8. 30. 25. GammaMax. 20. 15. 10. 5. 0. 0. 0.1. Á£Cp zxfZ(p. 0.2. 0.3. 0.4. 0.5 Rho. 0.6. 0.7. 0.8. 0.9.
(184) *¼sm0²
(185) ¡[{qz s Bf0znf05tcJfutw¨{qzx°
(186) Jo}zo}e*ftnfzm. 1.
(187)
(188)
(189)
(190)
(191)
(192)
(193)
(194)
(195)
(196) "
(197) I F f0znfC³@! * .Zq ! +¡[{qzmtxoqJ o}zSa¬y²0F {\¨f¼Cfz8³¯¡[{qzo
(198) ELftw¨¢f0f
(199)
(200) o}J
(201) s³ ! mtxo_vsm;£f8mnmAtnbJoq +! ³Ctnb f0znf¡[{qzxf ! q
(202) ) ! ¨b b¥¤mFo f0uzxf0oCm ¡[p Jutn{q
(203) {q¡
(204) o}¨o_vsmmne¥o}£f0zZtnbLo} ! *+ + .x²Macb5pLm³Ao}¤mn{È£/txb ¤m0oqmnfq³"tnb f%tnb zx{qp Cb pst*sfutxfzx£{Czxo}tnf8m §5p °¯v
(205) ¨b f0So?¨zx{q M
(206) ¤mb {CmnfBfutw¨ff + $oqJ
(207) ² {\¨Z³tx{mtnpJsvtnbJfVff0ut'{}¡ o
(208)
(209) {qa¬ySBfzn¡[{qzxe¥o}Jfq³8¨¢fV{qJmn¤sfz'oqmn{ctw¨{ oqmnf0m0² {}tnf txbJo\t#mpLb=
(210) mn{q¼qf8mctnb f? zx{q fe {}¡V {qp fmn{\¨c©ªmtxoqzt p t£te¥o}°Cf0mtxb f*u{qJqf0mtn{qÈo_¼C{q¤ o}Jf mtxoqzt o}to?¨Js{\¨
(211) ! ² I
(212) 2 Ïm¨¢f#bJo_¼Cf#mnff0 ³stxb f{Cmxmcm futnf8,txf0Èo\t4! q ! ¥¡[{qzmtxoqJ o}za¬y"²Bacb fzxfu¡[{CznfC³¯tnb f u{Ce?Lo}zxmn{qe$pJmt Lf {q f#Bfutw¨ff ! * + .iq ! 2¥o}J
(213) ! ² I
(214) 2 -Âtxb m;0oqmnfq³8tn{#mwtxpJsvitnbJf¢Bfzn¡[{qzxe¥o}JfV{}¡Ba¬y"³_¨fVepJmwtAu{Ce*Jo}zxf! q ! tn{
(215) ! ² {qtnf#tnbLo\t4! mcCznf8o\tnf0ztnbJoq ! 2*pJm *f0§5pJo}tn{qÀøqÄ,² acbJf0mnftw¨{0oqmnf0mimb {\¨ txbJo\t#£¡Ftnb f¥b {5mf0È¡:oqutn{Cz¤mi£f8mnmtnbJoq
Documents relatifs
If the application uses the host name resolution cycle, which most of them do, the TCP/IP stack will try to resolve the name to an IP address through the seven steps
Certes, les modes orienté connexion et sans connexion sont disponibles dans les deux modèles mais pas à la même couche : pour le modèle OSI, ils ne sont disponibles qu'au niveau de
Le but de cette formation est de donner aux participants les bases nécessaires pour une mise en œuvre rapide et efficace de la pile TCP/IP, CMX-TCPIP de CMX.. Par le biais
Les deux points du r´ eseau sont logiquement connect´ es Cette connexion peut ˆ etre permanente ou ´ etablie ` a la demande La couche 3 peut aussi prendre en charge le contrˆ ole
Les couches hautes de la pile OSI sont regroupées en une seule couche Application.. Application : http, ftp, pop, smtp, telnet, snmp, dns, … Transport : tcp, udp,
En anglais, un internet (nom commun, sans « i » majuscule) est un terme utilisé pour désigner un réseau constitué de l’interconnexion de plusieurs réseaux informatiques au moyen
Ainsi, seuls les protocoles de niveau supérieur sont responsables des données contenues dans les paquets IP (et de leur ordre de réception).. Le protocole IP travaille en mode
Seeing that a lot of geographic areas are still uncovered by terrestrial infrastructure networks and due to the fact that geostationary satellite links allow an easy and fast