Generic Framework

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A

Generic Framework

for

Quality

-based Autonomic

Adaptation

within

Sensor

-based

Systems

ICSOC ASOCA 2016, Banff (Canada)

Antoine Auger, Ernesto Exposito, Emmanuel Lochin

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Introduction

✓ A World of sensors

✓ Sensor-based systems (sensor middlewares and IoT platforms)

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Introduction

➡ _{Observation quality}_{is often delegated to}

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Introduction

➡ _{Observation quality}_{is often delegated to}

applications

➡ _{How to provide relevant observations to}

applications that have various and evolutive needs?

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Required background

What is sensor observations? 

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Required background

(see also the "DIKW ladder", [Sheth2016])

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Required background

Sensor Raw Data

Sensor Information =

=

Sensor Raw Data + Context information

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Required background

Sensor Raw Data Sensor Information

Sensor Knowledge =

=

+ Semantics

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Required background

Sensor Knowledge =

=

+ Semantics

Data coming from sensors

Sensor observations

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Required background

How to characterize observation quality? ➡ Quality of Service (QoS) but…

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Required background

How to characterize observation quality? ➡ Quality of Service (QoS) but…

Other approaches:

➡ Quality of Information (QoI) [Bisdikian2009] ➡ Context information [Dey2001] 

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Required background

The Autonomic Computing paradigm: Autonomic Manager Managed Element Managed Element touchpoint Sensors Eﬀectors Execute Monitor Plan Analyze Autonomic Element Knowledge

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Required background

Autonomic maturity levels (from [Jacob2004]): (1) Basic (2) Managed (3) Predictive (4) Adaptive (5) Autonomic ➡ _{hard-coded behavior} ➡ _{basic rules}

➡ _{fusion, machine learning} ➡ _{Service Level Agreements} ➡ _{business rules}

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Framework proposal

Preliminary work: we studied 32 context-aware systems

• Observation characterization  

(network QoS, QoI, Context)

• Observation modelling 

(ontologies)

• Adaptation strategy 

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Temperature sensor Temperature sensor Humidity sensor Sensor middleware or IoT platform Topic: temperature Location: Banff Application

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Temperature sensor Temperature sensor Humidity sensor Sensor middleware or IoT platform 1) Request Topic: temperature Location: Banff Application

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Temperature sensor Temperature sensor Humidity sensor Sensor middleware or IoT platform 2) Retrieval / binding Topic: temperature Location: Banff Application

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Temperature sensor Temperature sensor Humidity sensor Sensor middleware or IoT platform 2) Retrieval / binding Topic: temperature Location: Banff Application

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Temperature sensor Temperature sensor Humidity sensor Sensor middleware or IoT platform 3) Response Topic: temperature Location: Banff Application

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Temperature sensor Temperature sensor Humidity sensor Sensor middleware or IoT platform Topic: temperature Location: Banff … observation observation observation … Application

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Temperature sensor Temperature sensor Humidity sensor Sensor middleware or IoT platform Topic: temperature Location: Banff Application

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Temperature sensor Temperature sensor Humidity sensor Sensor middleware or IoT platform Topic: temperature Location: Banff

But what if…

• application needs change

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Temperature sensor Temperature sensor Humidity sensor Sensor middleware or IoT platform

But what if…

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Temperature sensor Temperature sensor Humidity sensor Sensor middleware or IoT platform

But what if…

Application

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Temperature sensor Humidity sensor Sensor middleware or IoT platform

But what if…

Application

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But what if…

• application needs change Application … observation observation observation … • sensor fails • poor observations

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But what if…

Applications are asked to

adapt themselves and

Application … observation observation observation … • sensor fails • poor observations

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Framework proposal

➡ How to provide relevant observations to

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Framework proposal

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Framework proposal

Content and quality

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Framework proposal

Adaptation Content and quality

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Temperature sensor Temperature sensor Humidity sensor Application API

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Temperature sensor Temperature sensor Humidity sensor Application

Raw Data layer 

Collection and digitization of phenomena/events

Topic: temperature Location: Banff Level: Raw Data

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Topic: temperature Location: Banff Level: Raw Data

API

{sensor_id: 34, value: 20}

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Information layer 

Raw Data characterization

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API

Topic: temperature Location: Banff Level: Information

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API Topic: temperature Location: Banff Level: Information {sensor_id: 34, value: 20, unit: Celsius, location: (43.564509, 1.468910), accuracy: 0.8}

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API

Semantic layer 

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API Topic: temperature Location: Banff Level: Semantic Semantic layer  Semantic annotation

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API Topic: temperature Location: Banff Level: Semantic {sensor_type: temperature, value: comfort, location: room3, accuracy: good} Semantic layer  Semantic annotation

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API

Semantic layer 

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API Semantic layer  Semantic annotation Auto. Manager Auto. Manager Auto. Manager

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Framework usage

Guidelines to design an autonomic quality-aware sensor-based system with our framework:

1- What will be asked by applications / users? 2- How my system will adapt its behavior? 

3- General use cases definition

4- What metrics for observation quality?

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Conclusions

Quality of Observations (QoO) is critical within information-centric systems

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Conclusions

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Conclusions

Most of the time, delegated to applications

Generic framework to build quality-aware sensor-based systems:

✓ Autonomic adaptation based on QoO

✓ Applications can focus on their primary goal ✓ Framework generic and customizable

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Perspectives

We are building an integration platform for Quality of Information Assessment as a Service (iQAS)

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A Generic Framework for Quality-based

Autonomic Adaptation within Sensor-based

Systems

Antoine Auger

antoine.auger@isae.fr

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References

[Sheth2016] Sheth, A.: Internet of Things to Smart IoT Through Semantic, Cognitive,

and Perceptual Computing. IEEE Intelligent Systems 31(2), 108–112 (Mar 2016)

[Bisdikian2009] Bisdikian, C., Branch, J., Leung, K., Young, R.: A letter soup for the

quality of information in sensor networks. In: IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, 2009. PerCom 2009. pp. 1–6 (Mar 2009)

[Dey2001] Dey, A.K.: Understanding and using context. Personal and ubiquitous

computing 5(1), 4–7 (2001)

[Kephart2003] J. O. Kephart and D. M. Chess, “The vision of autonomic computing,”

Computer, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 41–50, 2003.

[Jacob2004] Jacob, B., Lanyon-Hogg, R., Nadgir, D.K., Yassin, A.F.: A practical guide

to the IBM autonomic computing toolkit. IBM, International Technical Support Organization (2004)