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Heritability and evolvability of morphological traits of the honeybee Apis mellifera in tropical islands from the Mascarene archipelago

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(1)

Université de la Réunion

Campus du Moufia

POSTERS

(2)

Island Biology

Book of Abstracts

Posters

Third International Conference

on Island Ecology, Evolution and Conservation

8-13 July 2019 University of La R´eunion

Saint Denis, France

(3)

162

Heritability and evolvability of morphological traits of the honeybee

Apis mellifera in tropical islands from the Mascarene archipelago

Ga¨elle Antoine ∗ 1, Johanna Cl´emencet 2, Julien Galataud 2, H´el`ene Delatte 1, H´el`ene Jourdan† 1

1 UMR Peuplement V´eg´etaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical (UMR PVBMT - CIRAD) – 97410 St-Pierre,

R´eunion

2 Peuplements v´eg´etaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT) – Facult´e des Sciences et

techniques - Universit´e de La R´eunion 15 avenue Ren´e Cassin CS92003 97744 Saint-Denis C´edex 9 pour le Cirad Station de Ligne-Paradis - 7 chemin de l´IRAT - 97410 Saint-Pierre, R´eunion

Before invoking evolutionary process to explain morphological divergences among insular popu-lations, estimation of morphological heratibility is essential. Indeed, phenotypic divergence between populations could be the result of either phenotypic plasticity or micro-evolutionary response to con-trasted environments. A given phenotypic trait could evolve only if it could be transmitted to the next generation, i.e. it has a genetic basis. Quantitative genetic studies typically permit to estimate this part of the genetic variance in the phenotypic variation of a trait, this ratio is the heritability. The islands and archipelagoes of the Southwest Indian Ocean (SOOI) present a great diversity of habitats. As evolutionary forces are exacerbated in islands, populations are expected to show large divergence between islands. Several studies have demonstrated genetic and morphological differentiation between populations of the honeybee Apis mellifera unicolor in the SOOI area. Hybridizations between African and European lines, introduced by beekeepers in La R´eunion and Mauritius, may explain a part of this differentiation pattern. Apis mellifera unicolor is an eusocial species with a polyandric and monogynic reproduction regime allowing quantitative genetic study to be conducted from wild populations. The objective of this study is to improve our understanding of the phenotypic differentiation of Apis mellif-era unicolor populations in Reunion and Mauritius through heritability estimates of two morphological characters. We will assess the heritability of the size of the wings and the length of the proboscis, two traits subjected to different evolutionary forces. We sampled 6 colonies in Reunion Island and 8 colonies in Mauritius, with 95 workers per colony. All individuals were genotyped using 8 microsatellite markers to reconstitute the pedigree of each colony. Morphometric measurements on individuals with known degrees of relatedness will allow to estimate the heritability of these traits, using a so-called animal model.

Keywords: Apis mellifera, heritability, La R´eunion, Mauritius, morphometry

∗ Speaker †

Corresponding author: helene.jourdan@cirad.fr

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