• Aucun résultat trouvé

Asma Moalla: The Regency of Tunis and the Ottoman Porte, 1777-1814: Army and government of a North-Africa Ottoman eyalet at the end of the eighteenth century, London and New York: Routledge Curzon, 2004.

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Asma Moalla: The Regency of Tunis and the Ottoman Porte, 1777-1814: Army and government of a North-Africa Ottoman eyalet at the end of the eighteenth century, London and New York: Routledge Curzon, 2004."

Copied!
5
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)Asma Moalla: The Regency of Tunis and the Ottoman Porte, 1777-1814: Army and government of a North-Africa Ottoman eyalet at the end of the eighteenth century, London and New York: Routledge Curzon, 2004. Nora Lafi. To cite this version: Nora Lafi. Asma Moalla: The Regency of Tunis and the Ottoman Porte, 1777-1814: Army and government of a North-Africa Ottoman eyalet at the end of the eighteenth century, London and New York: Routledge Curzon, 2004.. MIT-EJMES, 2005, 5 (1), pp.262-265. �halshs-00131636�. HAL Id: halshs-00131636 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00131636 Submitted on 17 Feb 2007. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2)  

(3) 

(4)   "!#$%&'()*+-,.*+*(/0'12(34*457698(818:6<;(61=<>1?-3@/A '1)A1B C3D/0 * "!E' FE(34*+7:?7! 3D%+ '0,.*+*1/0'( G'1H+*7'1* * )I"!*%J7*  *+   *+$73 K 1L1M1 1LCL1MNEOQPSRT 1UWVYX[Z. (\(]

(5) OM(^<O_`\<Ubac dLfedg<h1h(i ZjOCk<l+O4PO M-m.nNE dUo K [pl<qGr9tsumOvUw

(6) lL(x y \1z<

(7) +l"{1OM|z1nI~}€"‚„ƒ ‚j† e(g<h1h ‡ˆe‰kd d

(8) ‹Šd‡ˆe1L1ŒcvedŽŠg<(g<€Gg< ‡ {‰]"]ŽYX ‘‘+P|OQzŠ’“l’]@ŠJOM‰\1‘_„}4†(‘+P”P-P”‘lJ]bOW•EO(G‘lL‰]Uo 7Š–{c] —™˜Jšœ›ž Ÿ1 4¡¢9¡ £v¡¤4¥¦¨§ ©ªŸd«¤¬’­I®@¤¯#°J D¡“±²°J°œ§"³9®¤µ´1§¶+°œ¡W·0¸¹+º”» ¼E½c»w¾’¾’»¿›(»@¹0ÀÁ"˜JššÂwÃÄ»tÅcš»˜–¾ÆÂÅÇ»wÈŠšœ›ˆ½‰Á½ ÈcÉC›c¾’Ê˽ ÃcÌc˜Ã(˘ÃcÉ0¹šÍȈŠÊT½(ÎϚ͛ˆÂ”»Á+ºÊ»ÈœÉ½[Ì[ÂÁ+Ãcº”ÂwȚϘ–Ùšœ›(˜Æ¹Ðњš½ º”»wà ҈Á"½[Ì[˜–ÈËÂT»š9šœ›ˆÂIšœÈ(Á+à ½ˆÎ„šœ›ˆÂ ˜Év›(šÂ@ÂwȚœ›(Ó9»ȜȘ–ÈÂ@šÔÂ@ÂwȚԛÕËÂÃ(šœÈˆÁ"˜’Â4¹wÖc×›(˜Æ¹9˜œ¹šœ›ˆÂAØAÈf¹G»ÊÃ(˜’Å“ÒˆÂ@Á"˜J½cÅcÙ1»wÈÅšœ›ˆÂšœ˜º”½ˆÎÒ(»D¹Ú›ˆ»ÓÛ(ÂÊØ»ººÜ(Åc» ÝÞ4ß ßvß Ó Þvà ÞáDâ À㛈˜’Ëw› ˜’¹º”»Áä ÂÅÛcÊ»҈ÂËÈ ¾œ˜’»Á`ÂwÌc½C¾’Ȉš˜J½ Ù½(ÎϚ͛ˆÂIÁ"¾œ»@š˜J½ à Û(Â@š’ÀÂ@ÂwÃ0—™Â4¹GšÂÁ+à ҈Á"½ Ìc˜–ÈË@ÂI»wÈÅ0˜’š+¹ ËÂȚÔÁ"»¾Y»Å º”˜–ȘƹGšÁ"»š˜’½[à ˜Ã åb¹Gš»wÃcÛcÈ ¾+ÖfæçȈšYšÍ›ˆ˜Æ¹ãۈ½c½c䘒¹»W¾Í¹G½»à ½cËË»D¹G˜’½[à š½0Ë@½[ȚÁ"˜Û‰Èˆš”šÔ½ÈÂbÀ蘏ȚÂÁ+҈Á"Â4š»š˜–Ì[ Î+Á"»wº”ÂbÀ½cÁ"äc¹»wۈ½ Ȉš1šÍ›ˆÂ`Ðњš½ º”»wÔéêº҈˜’Á"»Ã(Ř’š¹ Ò(Á"½ Ìc˜ÃˆËÂD¹ÚÙC×ÈcȘœ¹"˜’»9˜–Ã҈»Á"š˜’ËWȉ¾’»@ÁWÖ — ›ˆ˜–¾ÆÂIšœ›ˆÂIÂëv˜œ¹šœ˜–ÃcÉE›(˜Æ¹Gš½cÁ"˜J½ ÉÁ"»wÒc›cÊI›ˆ»4¹AšÂwÈÅcÂÅ š½ì˜Ãf¹G˜’¹Gš9½ ÃÕÀ㛈»šÏšœ›ˆÂI»wȈšœ›ˆ½‰ÁË@»w¾’¾¹Ašœ›ˆÂ»wȈš½ Ƚ[º”Ê šœ›ˆÂ4¹G˜Æ¹Gívف҈Á"Â4¹GÂÃ(šÁ"ÂD¹G»@Á"Ëw›¿›ˆ»4¹š½¿Á"ÂÓ+Â@ëC»º”˜–È ˜–ÈšÂÁ+҈Á"Â4š»š˜Ìc™¹GËw›ˆÂwº”ÂD¹“½ Ãtšœ›ˆÂìÁ"¾œ»@šÔ˜’½ Ãt½ˆÎÑ҈Á"½[Ì[˜–ÈËÂD¹-À˜Jšœ› éêº҈˜JÁ"Â@Ù(ÂÌcÂwÃT˜–ÃTšœ›ˆÂË@»4¹GÂ`½(Π҈Á"½ Ìc˜Ã(Ë@Â4¹êÁ+È ¾ÆÂÅÛcÊ»¾Æ½cË»W¾1Å ÊÈ»4¹GšœÊ Öv×›(½ ÌcÂ@Á"Ó+Â4¹šÔ˜º”»š˜’½ ÃI½ˆÎç҈½ ¾’˜’šÔ˜’Ë»W¾f»oȈš½ Ƚ[º”Ê ›ˆ»Å¿Åc˜ÆÎ+Î+ÂÁ"ÂȚÁ"»4¹½[Ãf¹»wÈſ˜Åc½ ¾œ½ ɘJË@»W¾„Ûˆ»ËävÉ Á"½ ÈcÈÅ(¹فÁ"»WÃcÉ ˜ÃcÉ~Î+Á"½[ºî»0ï È1¹šÔ˜’Î+˜’Ë»@šœ˜’½[Ãt½ˆÎ-Ë@½ ¾œ½ ȘJ»¾Á+È ¾ÆÂìš½¿» ÈÂË@Â4¹W¹G˜’šœÊðš½ñ¹šÔÁ"ÂÃcÉ šœ›ˆÂwÃÄÈ»š˜J½ È»w¾Æ˜Æ¹Úº »4Î+šÂÁ#˜ÃˆÅcÂw҈ÂwÈÅcÂwÃfËÂC֔åšì»¾Æ¹G½S›(»@ÅS»ªº”šœ›ˆ½cÅc½[¾Æ½ É ˜’Ë»¾EÁ"»4¹½[Ã<ò”šœ›ˆÂ ¹GÂÒ(»@Á"»š˜’½[Ã0ۈÂ@šJÀÂÂÙÐњš½ º”»wÙ¹GšœÈˆÅc˜JÂD¹„»wÈżE»oÉv›ˆÁ"Âwۙ¹GšœÈˆÅc˜Â4¹»wÈÅšœ›ˆÂѾƻËäE½(Î9»Ë½ ºۈ˜Ã(Â@ÅÈf¹G½ˆÎ²¾Æ½cË»w¾ç»wÈŠ˜ºÒ(Â@Á"˜J»¾»Á"Ë›ˆ˜–ÌcÂ@¹Î+½cÁ„šœ›ˆÂÀÁ"˜’š˜–ÃcɽˆÎ9šÍ›ˆÂ›ˆ˜œ¹Gš½cÁ+ÊT½(Î9šœ›ˆ˜œ¹„Á"Âwɘ’½[Ã<Ö(¸ã¹Úº”»A¼E½c»W¾J¾Æ»ËW¾œÂ@»Á+¾’ʘÃ(šÂÃ(ň¹šÔ½0˜Ãf¹GÂÁ"š›ˆÂÁ À½‰Á"䘏ÃTšÍ›ˆÂ„ËȈÁ"Á"ÂwȚdº”Â4šœ›f½‰Åc½ ¾Æ½[ɘ’Ë»w¾fÁ"ÂwÈÂWÀ»W¾1˜Ã-¼E»WÉv›(Á"ÂÛE¹GšœÈˆÅc˜JÂD¹»wÈžœ»@ÁÔÉÂw¾’Ê.¹+È(Ë@ËÂ@Âň¹ê˜–ÃTÅc½c˜–ÃcÉj¹G½.À˜’šœ›Išœ›ˆ˜œ¹ ۈ½c½‰äˆÖ ÐAȄ½ˆÎ皜›ˆÂ„»È(šœ›ˆ½cÁ"󒹺”½ˆ¹Gš ˜º҈½(Á"š»wȚ<Ë4½ Ã(šÁ"˜–ÛcȈš˜J½ Ãf¹ê˜ÃIÂɾƻÁ+ɘÃ‰Éjšœ›(Âϛ(˜Æ¹Gš½cÁ"˜JË@»W¾(҈»wȽcÁ"»wº”»„½ˆÎ ×ÈcÃ(˜Æ¹"˜J» ˜Æ¹AšÍ›ˆÂIÈf¹GÂI½ˆÎ¾œ½cË@»w¾9Ë›ˆÁ"½[Ș’Ëw¾ÆÂ4¹wÖ1ô<¾œÂȚÍÊE½ˆÎ¹GšœÈˆÅ ˜JÂD¹›ˆ»wÌcÂI»W¾’Á"Â@»Å ÊÛ(Â@Âwà ÀÁ"˜’šÔšÂÃõÎ+Á"½ ºöšœ›ˆÂ|҈Â@Á¹Ú҈ÂËš˜Ìc½ˆÎšœ›ˆÂ Ëw›ˆÁ"½cÃ(˜’Ëw¾ÆÂ4¹9½ˆÎêÎ+½cÁ"˜ÉvÚÁ"»wÌc¾¾œÂ@Á¹wÖC— ›ˆ˜ ¾œÂšœ›ˆÂA»WȈšÍ›ˆ½cÁ9»Ë@äCȽ4À„¾œÂ@Å[ÉÂ@¹÷šœ›ˆ˜Æ¹²¾’˜’šÂÁ"»šœÈˆÁ"ÂÙf¹Ú›ˆÂ›ˆ»4¹9Ëw›ˆ½ˆ¹GÂÚ½-ۈÁ"½c»ÅcÂà šœ›ˆÂ÷Ìc˜’ÂWÀ ÛcÊ`šÍ›ˆÂ9Èf¹G½ˆÎd¸`Á"»wۈ˜’ˁË›ˆÁ"½[Ș’Ëw¾ÆÂ4¹GÙ¹ÚȈËw›”»@¹7¼“Èc›ˆ»wº.º”»ÅA¸Ïۈø[ù”øÃˆúÁ Ý û„ü ååGšœ›”ËCÖ â ÙC¼Èc›ˆ»wºº”»@Å»w¾ÆÓԗ™»ýø’Á »w¾ÆÓ"þv»Á"Á"úï0»W¾ÆÓÔ¸ÏÈʼn»¾Èf¹GøJÙ¼ȉ›ˆ»ºº”»Åñ»¾œÓ‹þQ»ÉC›ˆø’Á"ٓؔ»wºº܈Š»Ç˜–Ûcà ÿ ¸ÏÛ(Ş»w¾ÆÓ"ÿ ¸`ýø’ý4ٓ¸Ï›‰º”»@Åñ˜Û‰Ã ¸ÏۈøJó ¾ÆÓÔù”˜Ê4úDÎ Ý û„ü åGååGš›<Ö  Ö â »Èż“Èc›ˆ»wºº”»@Å0æ»wÊ4Á"»º »w¾ÆÓ ϛˆúwº”˜’¹ Ý û å û šœ›<Ö<ËCÖ â Ö1¸¹Úº”»¼E½c»w¾¾Æ»I¹GšÁ"ÂD¹W¹GÂ4¹šœ›(ÂTÎ+»Ë@š9šœ›(»@ššœ›ˆÂ4¹ ¹G½ ȈÁ"ËÂD¹GÙ(À„›ˆÂwÃEȈ¹GÂÅcÙ1›ˆ»oÌ[ÂAÛ(Â@ÂwÃÕÁ"»ŘÃ0»`À»ÊÀ„›(˜’Ëw› ÎÔ»Ì ½ ȈÁ"ÂÅEšÍ›ˆÂ»È(š½ Ƚ ºʔšÍ›ˆÂD¹G˜œ¹Ù »D¹ãšœ›ˆÂÀÁ+˜’šÔÂ@Á¹„½(Î9šœ›ˆÂ Ëw›ˆÁ"½cÃ(˜’Ëw¾ÆÂ4¹õÀÂ@Á"ÂS½(Î+šÂÃöÅc˜JÁ"Â@Ëšœ¾’ÊÇÀ½cÁ"äv˜–ÃcÉ Î+½‰Átšœ›ˆÂ ¾œ½cË»¾#Å Ê@Ã(»D¹GšœÊ ÖؔÂÁ¿˜ÃˆšÔÂȚԘ’½ Ãöš½ Á"Â4ÓÂëv»wº”˜ÃˆÂSšÍ›ˆ˜Æ¹ ˜Ã(šÂ@Á+Ò(Á"Â4š»@šÔ˜’½ ÃÉ ÂÈÂÁ"»šÂD¹çۈÁG½c»@ʼnÂ@Á  ȈÂ4¹Gš˜’½[ȘÃcÉA½ Ԛœ›ˆÂ„¹"Ò(˜’Á"˜’š(½ˆÎ »Å º”˜Ãˆ˜œ¹GšÁ"»@šÔ˜’½ Ã<ÖvÐjÈÂ9›ˆ»4¹š½”¹GšÁ"ÂD¹W¹šœ›ˆÂ»@ËËWȈÁ"»ËÊ »wÈÅA҈ÂÁ"š˜ÃˆÂwÈËÂϽˆÎ šœ›(ÂϘÃ(šÂÃ(š"Ö æ7Ȉš ½ ȄË@½[Èc¾ÆÅћˆ»Ìc„»W¾¹½-Â@ëQ҈ÂË@šÂŔ»wȽcšÍ›ˆÂ@Á깚ÔÂÒT˜ÃIšœ›ˆ˜œ¹҈Á½cËÂ4¹b¹ê½(Î7Á"Â@Ó+Âëv»wº”˜Ãˆ»š˜’½[Ã<òvšœ›ˆÂÈf¹G„½ˆÎ º”½‰Á ¾Æ½‰Ë@»w¾c»@Å º”˜–Ș’¹GšÁ"»š˜ÌcÂ9»Á"Ë›ˆ˜–ÌcÂD¹7»wÈÅcÙCº”½ˆ¹Gš1½ˆÎd»¾¾œÙ šœ›ˆÂêÈf¹GÂϽ(Î1ËÂwȚÁ"»w¾fКԚ½ º”»wÔ»@Á"Ëw›ˆ˜ÌcÂ4¹GÙDÀã›c˜’Ëw›T¹"È(Á"ÂW¾’Ê„Ë@½ Ã1¹šÔ˜’šœÈˆšÔÂD¹ šœ›ˆÂãÈÂ@ë š ›ˆ½(Á"˜’ý4½ ÃEÎ+½cÁꚜ›ˆ˜œ¹9ä ˜Ã(ÅT½(Î<À½cÁ"ä(Öv¸¹"º”»ã¼E½c»w¾¾Æ»ó’¹ۈ½c½cä-˜Æ¹êÃ(ÂÌcÂÁ"šœ›ˆÂw¾ÆÂ4¹b¹÷»Ã˜–º҈½cÁ"š»wȚ7Ë@½‰ÃˆšÁ"˜–ÛcȈš˜J½ Ú½ šœ›ˆÂ|›ˆ˜Æ¹Gš½cÁ"˜J½ ÉÁ"»wÒc›ˆ˜JË@»w¾Ï½ ҈ÂwȘ–ÃcÉÕ½(΄×7ÈcȘœ¹G˜»TšÔ½™šÍ›ˆÂEКԚ½ ºT»wÃõ¹GšœÈˆÅ ˜’Â4¹wÖ1ؔÂ@Áۈ½c½‰ä0˜Æ¹A˽ º҈½ˆ¹GÂř½(Κ’À½0º”»˜Ã ҈»Á"š¹GÙc»wÈŔ¹GÂÌcÂwÃTËw›ˆ»Ò(šÂ@Á¹wÖ4×›ˆÂΘJÁ¹šd҈»Á"šÙc˽ º҈½ˆ¹GÂŔ½ˆÎ š’À„½-Ë›ˆ»w҈šÂÁ¹GÙc˜Æ¹Ë½ ÈËÂ@˜–Ì[ÂÅ»4¹»ÏD҈Á"½ ¾Æ½[ÉvȈÂívÙ »wÈŘ’¹» ҈Á"Â4¹GÂȚԻ@š˜J½cà ½(ÎϚ͛ˆÂAÉÂwÈÂÁ"»¾7›ˆ˜œ¹šÔ½cÁ+ÊT½ˆÎ÷šœ›ˆÂÑ҈Á"½ Ìc˜ÃˆË½ˆÎ÷×7ÈcȘœ¹˜»AÛ(Â@š’ÀÂ@Âwà ˜’š+¹Ï˜–ÈšÂwÉÁ"»š˜’½[à ˜Ãˆš½0šÍ›ˆÂ”КšÔ½ º”»à éêº҈˜JÁ" ÝÞ  ß4á4â »wÈŠÞ4ßvß ß ÙˆÅ‰»@šÂA½ˆÎꚜ›(ÂۈÂwÉv˜Ã‰Ãˆ˜ÃcÉI½ˆÎꚜ›ˆÂAÁ"˜ÉvýˆÎØj»wºº܈Åc»ãô »4¹"›(»vÖCؔÂ@Á"ÂAšœ›ˆÂA»WȈšÍ›ˆ½cÁ9Á"ÂË@»w¾’¾¹ šœ›ˆÂѺ”»@˜–Ã0Òc›ˆ»4¹GÂD¹½ˆÎšœ›ˆ˜œ¹„›ˆ˜œ¹Gš½cÁ+Ê4Ù »wÈÅ҈Á"½[Òf½ˆ¹GÂ4¹.¹G½ º”ÂÑÈÂÀS˜–ÈšÂÁ+҈Á"Â@šÔ»@š˜J½ Ãf¹G٠ۈ»4¹ÂÅÈc҈½[à »à »wÈ»w¾’Êv¹˜œ¹„½ˆÎšœ›ˆÂ º”»Ș–ÃcÉT½(Îꚜ›ˆÂȽcš˜J½ ÃE½ˆÎ9¡¦  ¡° »wÈÅšœ›ˆÂAÁ"»@Åc˜–ÃcÉT½(Îꚜ›ˆÂAÁ"¾œ»@š˜J½ Ãf¹Ú›ˆ˜–Òۈš’ÀÂÂÚœ›ˆÂ×ÈcȘœ¹˜J»Ã»Á+ºÊ Ý «4¤4¯ â »wÈŠåb¹Gš»wÃcÛcȉ¾<»@ššÍ›ˆÂ.½‰Ë@Ë»D¹Ú˜’½ ýˆÎꚜ›ˆÂ Þ 

(9) ˆÞ ȉ҈Á"˜Æ¹G˜Ã‰ÉˆÖC¸ã¹Úº”»„¼E½ »w¾’¾’».¹Ú›ˆ½vÀA¹ê›ˆ½CÀ𚜛ˆ˜œ¹9ÂwÌcÂȚ1À»D¹ê»wÈf¹ÚÒc˜’˘’½ Èf¹Î+½cÁꚜ›ˆÂ КԚ½ º”»wÃEÉ ½ ÌcÂ@Á+Ãcº”ÂwÃ1šYš½0¹GÂ@šçÈcÒE»ÈÂbÀ ҈½ ¾œ˜’ËwÊj˜–ÃEšœ›ˆÂA¼E»oÉv›ˆÁ"ÂwÛ<òfQ˜’š˜’¹GÙ šœ›ˆÂÁ"ÂDÎ+½cÁ"ÂÙ1º”½‰Á"ÂAÒc¾Æ»wȈ¹˜–Ûc¾ÆÂAš½»4¹W¹+Ècº” šœ›ˆ»šêšœ›ˆÂAÒ1½ˆ¹GšÓ Þ 

(10) (Þ »@Å º”˜–Ș’¹GšÁ"»š˜Ìc½cÁ"ÅcÂÁYÀ„»4¹„Â4¹¹GÂwȚ˜’»w¾¾’ʔŠÂwÌc˜Æ¹GÂ@œ»ÈÅÂŘJË@šÔÂ@œÛcʔšœ›ˆÂAô7½cÁ"šÂ˜Jš¹G¾Î+Ù<šœ›ˆ½[ÈcÉv›0˜’š š½c½‰ä˜ÃˆšÔ½E˽ Ãf¹G˜’ʼnÂ@Á"»š˜’½[Ã՚œ›(Â˾’»˜ºT¹½ˆÎꚜ›(ÂÁ"ÂۈÂw¾ «4¤4¯Wí Ý Ò<Ö Þ 4â ֈþQ›ˆÂ.˜–Ãf¹G˜Æ¹Gš¹šœ›ˆ»š<À㛈»@š›ˆ»@¹÷ۈÂÂwÃ՚Á"»wÃf¹Ú¾Æ»šÂÅ»4¹.

(11) ¢9¡ £v¡¤4¥¦˜ÃIšœ›ˆÂ„éêȈÁ"½ Ò(Â@»wÃ|¹G½ ȈÁ"ËÂ4¹ê½ˆÎ7šœ›1„š˜º”ÂÙc»wÈÅ›ˆ»4¹ۈÂÂÃI»@ËËÂ҈šÔÂ@ÅÑÈcà  ȈÂ4¹Gš˜’½[ȘÃcÉC¾’Ê„ÛcÊšœ›ˆÂ›ˆ˜œ¹Gš½cÁ"˜’½[ÉÁ"»wÒc›cÊ ÂwÌ[ÂÁ¹G˜ÃˆËÂ@ÙÀ»4¹7Ë»W¾’¾œÂ@ÅA˜Ã”КšÔ½ º”»Ã.À½cÁ"ň¹ê¡¦  ¡°c³  ³Y° ¡œÙ ½cÁ ҈Á"˜Ìc˜ ¾œÂÉ Â@Å҈Á"½ Ìc˜Ã(Ë@ÂCÖ ¸ã¹Úº”»¼½c»W¾’¾œ»šœ›ˆÂwÃ0҈Á"½cËÂ@Âň¹š½0ÅcÂ4¹GË@Á+˜ÛˆÂ˜–à »Ë@½[Ãc̘–ÈË@˜–ÃcɔÀ„»Ê›(½vÀSšœ›ˆ˜œ¹ÃˆÂWÀ ½cÁ"ÅcÂÁ`Âëv˜’¹GšÂÅȽcšê˜Ã ¹GÂÒ(»@Á"»š˜’½[Ã|Î+Á"½ ºÇšÍ›ˆÂ„é9º҈˜JÁ"ÂvÖ4¸¾Æšœ›(½ ÈcÉv›-ÉÁ"»wȚÂŔšœ›(Â`Á"˜–Év›ˆš7š½-»ÃI»È(š½ Ƚ ºI½ Èf¹ê»Á+ºÊ»ÈÅ-šœ›ˆÂ„ÂëvÂwº҈š˜’½[Ã|Î+Á½[º Åc˜JÁ"Â@Ëšœ¾’Ê˽ ȚÁ"˜–ÛcȈš˜–ÃcÉTš½“šœ›ˆÂAË@ÂwȚÁ"»w¾çÎ+˜’¹GË»¾ ¹ÚÊD¹GšÂwº”Ù1šœ›ˆÂ҈Á"½‰Ì[˜–ÈËÂÏÀ»4¹Ï¹Gš˜ ¾J¾<Ë@½ Ã1¹˜JÅcÂÁ"Â@Å»¹`Ðњš½ º”»wÃE»wÈÅI›ˆ»ÅI» ¹GÂ@Á"˜JÂD¹A½(΄ÅCȈš˜’Â4¹GÙ7˜ÃˆËw¾’ÈcÅc˜–ÃcÉEÒ(»@Á"š˜J˘Ò(»@š˜J½ ٘–Ã Ðњš½ º”»wà º”˜–¾’˜’š»Á+ÊË@»wº҈»˜ÉvÃ1¹»wÈŠšÍ›ˆÂÎ+˜ Év›ˆš»Év»˜Ãf¹Gš„  ›ˆÁ"˜Æ¹Gšœ˜’»wà ÎԾƚ¹GícÖ ×›ˆ˜œ¹˜ÃˆšÂÁ+҈Á"š»š˜’½‰ÃˆÙˆÀ㛈˜’Ëw›0Ë@½ º҉¾Æ˜’Â4¹êÀ˜Jšœ›EÒ(Á"ÂD¹GÂwȚYšÔÁ"ÂÈÅ(¹„˜Ã0šœ›ˆÂA›ˆ˜’¹Gš½‰Á"˜’½ É Á"»Òc›‰Ê”½ˆÎ9šœ›(ÂA¼E»ÉC›ˆÁ"ÂwۈÙ<˜œ¹ ÌcÂ@Á+ʘ–º҈½cÁ"š»wȚ"ÖvæçȈš<ÂwÌcÂÃI˜ÆÎ7šœ›(˜Æ¹ç҈Â@Á"˜J½cŔ˜œ¹7Ã(½cš<šœ›(ÂϺ”»˜ÃÎ+½cËwÈf¹ê½ˆÎ7šœ›(Â`»oȈšœ›ˆ½cÁ"ى˜’š<˽ Èc¾œÅA›ˆ»wÌ[ۈÂwÈÂ4Î+˜’šÂÅTÎ+Á"½[ºÇ» Á"»@Åc˜–ÃcÉ.½ˆÎfۈ½cšœ›¾œ½cË»¾c»wÈÅË@ÂwȚÁ"»w¾ˆ»Å º˜Ãˆ˜œ¹šÔÁ"»@š˜–ÌcÂ9»@Á"Ëw›ˆ˜ ÌcÂD¹wÖ ÐAÈÂ˽ Èc¾ÆÅ#šÁ+Ê0š½#É ½µÎœÈˆÁ"šÍ›ˆÂ@ÁÀ˜’šœ› šœ›ˆÂÁ"Â@˜–ÈšÂÁ+҈Á"Â@šÔ»@š˜J½cà ½ˆÎAšœ›ˆÂ“Òˆ½ˆ¹GšÓ Þ 

(12) (Þ »Å º”˜Ã(˜Æ¹GšÁ"»š˜ ÌcÂE¹GË›ˆÂwº” Èf¹G˜Ã‰ÉEšœ›ˆÂI˽ ÈËÂ҈š½ˆÎ 0¤4¥J¬Æ¡Ô¤¶  £4¬J³²¡É ½ ÌcÂ@Á+Ã(»ÈË ˜  ˜ Gò<šœ›(Â|Î+»wË@ššœ›ˆ»šÏšœ›ˆÂI˜–º҈Â@Á"˜J»¾êɽ[Ì[ÂÁ+Ãcº”ÂwȚ9É Á"»Ã(šÂ@Å#¹Ú҈Â@˘’»w¾ ҈Á"˜–Ì[˜–¾ÆÂWÉ ÂD¹ãš½0»A҈Á"½ Ìc˜Ã(Ë@Â-½cÁ„»š½vÀ„Ù¹Gš˜ ¾J¾7º”»@ä Â4¹„šœ›ˆÂwº ÎÔȾJ¾Ê”Òˆ»Á"š9½ˆÎšœ›ˆÂI¹ÚÊQ¹GšÂwº”Ù<»wÈÅ0˜ÃȽÀ»ÊÈÂwÉ»šÂ4¹„šœ›ˆÂ ¹ÚÊQ¹GšÂwºÖ9åšÀ»D¹I˜–à Î+»@˚˽ ºº”½ ÿ҈Á"»Ë@šÔ˜’Ë š½¿ÅcÂwÌc½ ¾’Ìc ҈½vÀÂÁ˜Ãtšœ›ˆÂ욒À½ º”»˜Ãtʼn½ º”»@˜–Ãf¹“½ˆÎ-šœ›ˆÂ ËÂwȚÁ"»w¾ ɽ[Ì[ÂÁ+Ãcº”ÂwȚ1Ë4½ º҈Â4šÔÂÈË

(13)  TÎ+˜œ¹GË@»w¾cº”»ššÂÁ¹»wÈÅ»Á+ºÊ`Á"ÂwÉvÈ ¾Æ»šÔ˜’½ Ã<Ö¸õʼnÂDÎ+˜–ȘÃcÉÎ+Â@»šJȈÁ"ÂϽˆÎ7Ðњš½ º”»wÃ҈½ ¾œ˜’ËwÊDÙ ½cšÔ›ˆÂÁ ҈Á"½ Ìc˜–ÈË@Â4¹“½ˆÎ-šœ›ˆÂ é÷º҈˜’Á"ÂÀÂÁ" »w¾Í¹G½ ÉÁ"»wȚÂÅt¹ÚȈËw›¿ÒˆÁ"˜Ì ˜¾ÆÂwɹÖê—웈 à AÁ"ÂÂäõ˜–Ãc›ˆ»wۈ˜’š»wȚ¹“½ˆÎ ›ˆ½cÅcÂ4¹EÎ+½‰Á Âëv»wºÒc¾Æ„ÀÂÁ"ÂÉ Á"»Ã(šÂ@ÅÎ+˜Æ¹GË»w¾<҈Á"˜ Ìc˜ ¾ÆÂwÉÂ4¹Gو»wÈŚ͛ˆÂ.Á"˜–Év›ˆšçȽcšêš½I҈»Á"š˜’˘Ò(»@šÂA˜Ãšœ›ˆÂКš+½ º”»wÃTÀ»ÁÎ+»@Á"ÂÙ1šœ›ˆÂ¾Æ½[ɘ’Ë À»4¹-šœ›ˆÂ ¹G»wº”Âvòꚜ›ˆÂ0˽ Ãf¹GšÁ+ȈËš˜’½[Ã~½ˆÎѻ̘J»Ûc¾œÂÕÐњš½ º”»wÃt¹"Êv¹GšÂwº”ÙYÀ„›(½ˆ¹GÂÌ[ÂÁ+ʙ¹+ȉÛf¹Gš»Ã(Ë@ÂÀ„»4¹Iš½ š»ä Â0˜Ã(š½ »Ë@˽ ÈcȚ“¾Æ½‰Ë@»w¾|¹G˜’šÍÈ[»š˜J½ Ãf¹wÖ×›(¿˜ÃˆšÂÁ+҈Á"š»š˜’½ Ã1¹#½ˆÎ0šÍ›ˆÂ¿º”»Ã(˜ÃcÉð½ˆÎ šœ›ˆ˜Æ¹ ¹"Ê4¹šÔº Î+½cÁ šœ›(Ât¹˜JëvšÂÂwȚœ›S»ÈŠ¹GÂÌcÂwȚÂÂÃ(šœ›Ë@ÂwÃfšÍȈÁ"˜’Â4¹9Åc½ÑȽcš ÈÂË@Â4¹W¹G»@Á"˜ ¾JÊ›ˆ»WÌcš½ÑۈÂ˽ º҈»š˜Û‰¾ÆÂÏÀ„˜Jšœ›šœ›ˆÂÅ ˜Æ¹Úº”»wȚœ¾œ˜ÃcɽˆÎ7šœ›(Â.¹ÚÊQ¹GšÂwº ÅCȈÁ"˜–ÃcÉ šœ›ˆÂÃˆÂëvš š’À½-Ë@ÂwÃ1šœÈˆÁ"˜’Â4¹ÈcÈʼnÂ@ÁšÍ›ˆÂÒˆÁ"ÂD¹W¹ÚȈÁ"„½ˆÎ Û(½cšœ›”Ã(»@š˜J½ Ã1»¾œ˜’¹"ºT¹ê»wÈÅ-éȈÁ"½[҈Â@»wÃT˜–º҈ÂÁ"˜’»w¾’˜Æ¹ÚºÖ4¸ã¹Úº”»÷¼E½c»w¾’¾’»ó’¹ Ûˆ½c½‰ä›ˆ»4¹š½AۈÂ9Ò(Á"»@˜œ¹ÂÅÎ+½cÁ ҈Â@Á+º”˜Jšš˜–ÃcÉ.»wÃj˜–Ãf¹GÂ@Á"š˜J½ Ô½ˆÎd×ÈcÃ(˜Æ¹G˜»9˜ÃT¹‹ÈˆË›”»wØ Ã4š Â"ÁÒ4Á’Â"š »"š ˜ Ì@Âc¹Ëw›ˆÂwº”ÂvÖ ×›ˆÂ¹GÂ@˽ ÈÅÑ҈»Á"š<½ˆÎ ›(Â@Á7Û1½c½cä Ùc»wÈÅ-½ ۈï’ÂËš<½ˆÎ ›(Â@Á7º”»˜ÃIÁ"ÂD¹G»@Á"Ëw›ˆÙˆÎ+½‰ËÈf¹GÂ4¹ê½ ÃTšÍ›ˆÂ„Á"Â@˜–ÉvÃT½(Πؔ»ººÜ(Å» ô »4¹Ú›ˆ»CÖ<¸`¹Úº”»I¼E½‰»¾¾œ»”›(»D¹ÑË›ˆ½(¹Âwõšœ›ˆÂ»Á+ºÊ4ÙYšœ›(ÂIÉÂwÈÂÁ"»¾9»@Å[º”˜Ãˆ˜œ¹šÔÁ"»@š˜J½ õ»Ã(Å ÎԘƹGË»W¾9҈½ ¾’˜JËÊš½#Â@ëC»º”˜–Èšœ›ˆÂ Á"Âw¾Æ»š˜’½ Ãìۈš’ÀÂÂÃì×ÈcȘœ¹»wÈÅìåb¹Gš»wÃcÛcÈc¾+ֈؔÂÁÅc¹ËÁ"˜Ò(š˜’½ Ã#½ˆÎ„šœ›(Â|QÂD¹GšÁ"»wÃcÉ Âº”ÂwȚϻwÈÅìÁ"Â@˽ È˘¾œ˜»@š˜J½ Èí“ÒˆÁ"½cËÂD¹W¹ ŠȈÁ"˜–ÃcÉšœ›ˆÂ¾Æ»4¹Gš<ÅcÂË@»ÅcÂ@¹ê½(Î7šœ›ˆÂ˜ Év›(šÂ@ÂwȚœ›ËÂÃ(šœÈˆÁ+Ê.˜œ¹Ì[ÂÁ+Ê`˽ ÃcÌc˜–ÈË@˜–ÃcɈò ¹"›(Â.¹Ú›ˆ½vÀ.¹›(½vÀ¿º”˜ ¾œ˜’š»Á+ʄº”»@šÔšÂ@Á¹7ÀÂ@Á" ½ ۈïJÂ@Ëš¹½ˆÎ껄Ò(Á"Â@˘ƹGÂAÁ+›ˆÂ@šÔ½cÁ"˜’ËÒc¾Æ»wÊ4˜Ã ÉT½ Óۈ¾œ½ ÃcÉ ˜ÃcÉÄ¹Ö »WÈcš½ Ã1½ ºÊ4Ù1»Ã(Åšœ›ˆ»š7¾Æ½‰Ë@»w¾<Á+È ¾ÆÂÁ¹ÀÂÁ"ÂA»À»Á"½ˆÎ›ˆ½CÀ Î+»Á šÍ›ˆÂʄË@½[Èc¾ÆÅAÉ ½˜ÃÒcÈf¹Ú›ˆ˜–ÃcÉ.šœ›(˜’¹Á+›ˆÂš½cÁ"˜JËvÖô7»@Á"š˜JË@˜–Òˆ»š˜’½ Ԙ–Ô˜º҈ÂÁ"˜’»w¾À„»ÁÎ+»@Á"ÂÙ šœ›ˆÂ÷Èf¹GÂϽˆÎ7¹ÚÊ@ºÛ(½ ¾Í¹»Ã(ÅA҈»@Á"»o¾’¾ÆÂo¾ Åc˜–Òc¾Æ½ º”»ËwÊ÷ÀÂ@Á"»WÌcÂÃcÈ(ÂD¹˜ÃÀ„›ˆ˜JË›IØ»ºº܈ʼn»Ïô<»4¹Ú›ˆ»ÃˆÂwɽcš˜J»@šÔÂ@Å-›ˆ˜œ¹ê½vÀ„ù"˜’šÍȈ»@šœ˜J½  à ¬’­ ¬J­<šœ›(ºÒ(˜’Á"ÂCÖ4— ›c»š ¸ã¹Úº”»¼E½c»W¾J¾’».¹ÚȈËË@Â4¹¹WÎÔÈ ¾’¾Jʹڛˆ½CÀ.¹9˜œ¹9šœ›(»@š7šœ›ˆÂ„À„›(½ ¾Æ„Év»wº”˜œ¹ÏКԚ½ º”»wÃE˜ÃE¹+ȉÛf¹Gš»Ã(Ë@ÂCÖ ×›ˆÂ»wȈšœ›(½cÁ9»W¾Í¹G½¹Ú›ˆ½vÀA¹ ›ˆ½vÀ ҈Á"½ Ìc˜Ã(Ë@˜J»¾<»Á+º”˜’Â@¹ÀÂÁ"„Èf¹GÂÅT»wÉv»˜Ãf¹Gš7½ ÈÂA»Ã(½cšœ›ˆÂÁ9˜Ã½cÁ"ÅcÂÁ9š½Á"Â4¹Gš½cÁ"ÂA˜º҈ÂÁ"˜’»w¾ ½‰Á"ÅcÂ@Á"Ù1»4¹9˜–Úœ›ˆÂAË@»4¹G½ˆÎ šœ›ˆÂì×ȉȘƹG˜’»wÈÓԸϾÉ Â@Á"˜J»ÃõÀ»@Á½(Î ÞQà vß Ù„»ÈŠ›ˆ½vÀ šœ›ˆ˜œ¹EÐњš½ º”»wÃ~À»ʵ½ˆÎÑɽ[Ì[ÂÁ+Ș–ÃcÉ~šÍ›ˆÂ#º҈˜JÁ"Â0À„»D¹|ۈ½cšœ› ¹ÚȈËË@Â4¹W¹bÎÍÈc¾ˆ»wÈÅ-Åc»ÉÉÂÁ"½ Èf¹9Î+½cÁšÍ›ˆÂ˽ ›ˆÂ4¹˜J½ ýˆÎ7šœ›(ÂÏÀ„›ˆ½[¾ÆÂ`¹ÚÊv¹GšÂºÖC¸ã¹Úº”»¼E½c»w¾¾Æ»ó’¹˜ÃˆšÂÁ+҈Á"š»š˜’½‰Ã½ˆÎšÍ›ˆÂ Þvà Þ Þ ï’»wȘœ¹¹G»@Á+ÊÁ"ÂwۈÂw¾’¾Æ˜J½ ÃT˜–Ô×ȉȘ’¹ê»D¹»¾Æ½cË»W¾1Â@ëQ҈Á"Â4¹b¹G˜J½ ýˆÎ7šœ›ˆÂ9À„»@äCÈÂ4¹W¹ê½ˆÎ7šœ›(ÂË@ÂwȚÁ"»w¾(҈½vÀÂÁ9Î+½ ¾¾Æ½vÀ„˜–ÃcÉšœ›ˆÂÅc»šœ› ½ˆÎAþC¾œ˜ºöåååA˜Æ¹A»w¾Æ¹G½0ÀÂW¾J¾²»Á+É4ȈÂÅcÙY»¹A˜Æ¹A›(Â@ÁAÁ"Â@»Å ˜ÃcÉ ½(΄šœ›ˆÂ”À»Ê˜–à À㛈˜’Ëw›µéÈ(Á"½ ҈»Ã#҈½vÀÂ@Á¹ Ý  Á"»wÈË»wÈŠéêÃcÉC¾Æ»wÈÅÕÎԘ’Á¹Gš ⠚»ä Â҈Á"½(Î+˜’šê½ˆÎ9šœ›(ÂÅcÂDÎ+ÂËš¹½ˆÎÏÐњš½ º”»wÃ՘–º.Ò(Â@Á"˜J»¾ ɽ ÌcÂÁ+È»Ã(Ë@˜–ÃE»šœ˜º”½ˆÎ÷Åc½ Ècۈš+¹ÏšÔ½҈ÂÁ+ÌcÂ@Á"š šœ›ˆÂ„¹ÚÊQ¹GšÂwºÖ  ›(»҈šÔÂ@Á á ˜’¹I»Û(½ Ȉššœ›ˆÂ ô<»D¹Ú›ˆ»Ù9ȉÈÅcÂÁ”» Å[Ê@È»¹šÔ˜’Ë»W¾»ÈÅt¹Úʺۈ½ ¾œ˜’Ë»W¾҈ÂÁ¹Ú҈Â@Ëš˜–Ì[ÂCÖ¸¹Úº”»¼E½c»w¾¾Æ»ó’¹ »wÈ»¾JÊQ¹Ú˜Æ¹-½ˆÎњœ›ˆÂ ®  ¬Æ¥œ®°¬œ§¤Ò(Á"½cË@ŠȈÁ"»wÈÅõ½(ÎA¬Æ¤ ‹¡œ­°J¬œ°’«4¶+¡ËÂÁ"Âwº”½cȘJÂD¹|˜’¹”˜–º҈½cÁ"š»wȚ"òꚜ›ˆÂ0»wȈšœ›ˆ½‰ÁT¹ÚȈËË@ÂÂ@Å(¹I˜Ã Á"ÂwÒc¾Æ»Ë@˜–ÃcÉ ˜’š˜Ãµ»wà Ðњš½ º”»wõ˜ÃˆšÔÂ@Á+҈Á"š»š˜ÌcÂE¹GËw›ˆÂwº”Â@Ùê»Ã(řšÔÁ"˜’Â4¹š½#Á"»@Å#ÂwÌ[ÂÁ+ÊEÂw¾ÆÂwº”ÂÃ(šãÎ+½[ÈcÈÅ#˜ÃµËw›ˆÁ"½ ȘJ˾œÂD¹ ÈcÈʼnÂ@Á#šœ›ˆÂ ҈ÂÁ¹"Ò(Â4Ë@š˜–ÌcÂt½ˆÎ욜›ˆÂªÁ+›ˆÂš½cÁ"˜JËt½ˆÎì»wȈš½ Ã(½ ºÊ CۈÂw¾Æ½ ÉɘÃ‰ÉˆÖ”þC˜ ÉvÃf¹ ½ˆÎ#¹G½ ÌcÂ@Á"˜ ÉvȚÍÊ »wÈÅĹG˜ ÉvÃf¹ ½ˆÎ ¹ÚÈcÛcº”˜œ¹b¹Ú˜’½ õ»Á"ÂI»@ËËÈ(Á"»@šÂw¾’Ê˽ ºۈ˜–ÈÂ@ÅdÖ<×›(”È1¹ÂI½ˆÎ˽ ȈÁ"š Ô°’!¬ @«4¡Ô°Æ°œ¡÷»D¹»õ˜–ÈŠ˜’Ë»@š½‰Á.½ˆÎ`ÉÂwÈÂ@Á"»w¾9šÁ"ÂÃ(ň¹˜–Ùšœ›ˆÂ ҈Á"½ Ìc˜–ÈË@˜J»¾9É ½CÌ[ÂÁ+È»wÈ˘ƹjÌ[ÂÁ+ÊE˽ ÃcÌc˜Ã(Ë@˜–ÃcÉÙê»Ã(řÁ"ÂwÌc»w¾Í¹Ašœ›ˆÂ|º`Â"š ˜ Ë+Ⱦ ½WÈv¹JÃDÂ"¹¹½ˆÎšœ›ˆÂEÐњš½ º”»wÃ#ɽ ÌcÂÁ+Ãcº”ÂȚ„˜Ã À„›(»@š ˜’š<»w¾¾Æ½CÀÂŔ»wÈÅȽ‰šÙc»wÈÅ›ˆ½CÀ¿¾œ½cË@»w¾1ÁÈc¾œÂ@Á¹ ÀÂÁ"„»bÀ„»Á"„½ˆÎ7šœ›(˜Æ¹êÁ+Èc¾œÂvÖvåGË@½[Ƚ ÉÁ"»wÒc›ˆ˜J˄Åc½cËwÈcº”ÂÃ(š»@šÔ˜’½ ÃÀ½ Èc¾œÅ ›ˆ»wÌcÂۈÂ@ÂwõÈf¹GÂ4Μȉ¾`š½ ›ˆ˜ Év›‰¾Æ˜ Év›(ššœ›ˆ˜Æ¹T҈Á"½cËÂD¹W¹GÙ9Û Èˆš›ˆÂÁºÂ@šœ›(½cÅõ˜œ¹-˜ÃcȽ[Ì[»š˜–Ì[ÂCÖ7×›ˆÂ»wȈšœ›ˆ½cÁ-Åc½cÂ4¹Išœ›ˆÂ0¹G»º” ÅcÂwº”½ Ãf¹GšÁ"»š˜’½‰ÃÀ˜’šÍ›E».Á"»Åc˜ÃcÉI½ˆÎꚜ›ˆÂÁ"½[¾ÆÂA½ˆÎ9šœ›(Â.³9®³ "#À„›ˆ˜JË› ¹+È(Ë@ËÂ@Âň¹˜Ã“ɽc˜–ÃcÉTÎÔȈÁ"šœ›ˆÂÁϚ͛ˆ»Ã0šÁ"»Åc˜’šÔ˜’½ È»w¾ 7¬Æ°’°œ§G¶¡œ$­ 4«4¡Ï˜–ÈšÂÁ+҈Á"š»@šÔ˜’½ Ãf¹wò7ۈÂwÊ4½cÈŠ»҈Á"Â4¹GÂÃ(š»@šÔ˜’½ Ãõ½(ÎAšœ›ˆÂ˜ÁAÌ[»Á+˜’½ Èf¹jɽ ÉÁ+»wÒc›ˆ˜’Ë»w¾Ï½cÁ"˜Év˜–Ãf¹GÙ9šœ›ˆÂ˜’ÁAÁ"½ ¾Æ˜–Ãõšœ›ˆÂ »Å º”˜Ãˆ˜œ¹GšÁ"»@šÔ˜’½ ÃE˜œ¹„¹šÔÁ"ÂD¹W¹GÂ@œ˜ÃE»҈Á"ÂË@˜œ¹À»wÊÖ ¸¹"º”»¼E½c»o¾’¾Æ»A»˜–ºT¹Ï»š7ÈcÃ(ÅcÂ@Á¹Gš»wÈÅc˜–ÃcÉTšÍ›ˆÂ`À㛈½ ¾œÂj¹ÚÊv¹šÔº”Ù »ÈÅI˜œ¹ »WÀ»Á"½ˆÎ7šœ›(ÂÁ"˜Æ¹Gä½ˆÎ É ˜ Ìc˜ÃcÉš½-ºȈËw›|˜–º҈½cÁ"š»wÈËš½Išœ›ˆ%  ¬œ°Æ°œ§G¶¡œ$­ 4«4¡+Öv×›ˆÂÂwȽcÁ+º”½ Èf¹÷Á"ÂD¹Ú҈ÂËš ½(Κœ›(„ô »4¹Ú›ˆ»æÂwÊ Î+½cÁꚜ›ˆÂ.¹Úʺۈ½ ¾<½ˆÎšœ›ˆÂ„˜–º҈Â@Á"˜J»¾(ۈÁ"»@Å Ý ›ˆÂ»š¹êšœ›ˆÂʼn»˜¾JÊãÁ"»wš˜’½ ÃI›ˆ˜œ¹9¹ÚȾœš»wÔɘ ÌcÂ4¹êš½I˜’š¹9¹G½C¾Æʼn˜’ÂÁ¹ ⠘ƹ9¹GÂÂÃ-ÛcÊ.šœ›ˆÂ »wȈšœ›ˆ½cÁ»D¹êÁ"Âw҈Á"Â4¹ÂwȚ»š˜–Ì[„½ˆÎ皜›ˆÂ„˜º҈½‰Á"š»Ã(Ë@„˜Ã-¾Æ½cË»w¾fÁ+È ¾Æ„½cÎ7˜–º҈Â@Á"˜J»¾<Û(¾œ½ Ãcɘ–ÃcÉˆÖ íãؔÂ@Á˜–ÈšÂÁ+҈Á"š»@šÔ˜’½ ÃI½ˆÎ7šœ›ˆ˜œ¹ Î+»Ë@š Ý Ò<Ö à @⠔ÂËw›ˆ½cÂ4¹ê½ˆÎ(À„›c˜’Ëw›|¹Ú›ˆÂ„Î+½ ÈcÈŘ–ÔË›ˆÁ"½[Ș’Ëw¾ÆÂ4&¹ ˽ Ãf¹Gš˜’šÍȈšÂ4¹ê½ Ȅ½ˆÎ7šœ›(Â9º”½ˆ¹Gš1Û(Â@»wȈš˜’ÎÔÈ ¾cº”½ º”ÂwȚ¹ê½(Î šœ›ˆÂ÷ۈ½c½cä(Ö.

(14) ×›ˆÂ„ŹœË"Á˜ ÒDš ˜ ½ĽˆÎ7šœ›(ÂϽÁÉ»+Ã@˜ ¹J»"š ˜ ½wÃ`½ˆÎ šœ›ˆÂ„»Á+ºÊ`½ˆÎ皜›ˆÂÒˆÁ"½ Ìc˜Ã(Ë„½ˆÎd×ÈcȘ’¹G˜’» Ý Ëw›ˆ»Ò(šÂ@Á @⠘’¹çº”½cÁ"„Ëw¾Æ»@¹W¹G˜’Ë»w¾ÆÙ ÛcȈš»¾Æ¹G½ì»W¾’¾œ½vÀ¹.ÎÔÈ(Á"šœ›ˆÂÁ˜ÃˆšÔÂ@Á+҈Á"š»š˜Ìc¹GšÂwÒf¹wÖ1×›ˆÂ-º”»˜Ã »Ëw›ˆ˜’ÂwÌcº”ÂwȚ½ˆÎ„šœ›ˆÂIÁ"Â4¹GÂ@»Á"Ë›#˜Æ¹šœ›ˆÂÎ+»Ë@š9šœ›(»@š„4šœ›ˆÂ ¹GšÁ+ȈËšœÈˆÁ"ÂA½ˆÎꚜ›ˆÂ×ÈcÃ(˜Æ¹G˜’»wà «4¤@¯À„»D¹GÙ1š½“».Á"Âwº”»@Á"ä »wÛc¾ÆÂÂ@ëCšÂÃ(šÙ1».Á"Âw҈Á"½cÅ[ȈË@šÔ˜’½‰ÃE½ˆÎꘒš+¹ÏåW¹Gš»ÉÛcÈc¾<º”½‰Åc¾œí Ý Ò Ö

(15) â Ö ¸ã¹Úº”»¼E½c»w¾¾Æ».¹‹ÈˆËË@Â4¹W¹bÎÍÈc¾¾JÊ.˜ ¾’¾Èf¹GšÁ"»šÂ4¹šœ›ˆÂAË@½ ÉÌ[ÂÁ+ÉÂwÈËÂÛ(Â@š’ÀÂ@ÂwÃ×ȉȘƹê»wÈÅåW¹šÔ»ÃcۉȾ7šœ›ˆÁ"½ ȉÉv››ˆÂÁê»È»w¾’Êv¹"˜œ¹9½ˆÎ ۈ½cšÔ› šœ›ˆÂѺ”˜¾œ˜’š»Á+ÊÌc½cË@»wÛcÈ ¾Æ»Á+ʔ»wÈÅ0šœ›ˆÂAÌcÂÁ+ÊT½cÁ+É »Șý4»š˜J½ ÃÕ½(ÎϚ͛ˆÂ”»Á+ºÊÖ(ؔÂÁÏ»ššÂwȚ˜J½ à š½¾Æ˜–ÃcÉvÈc˜œ¹šÔ˜’ËÅcš»˜ ¾Í¹ ۈ»4¹GÂ@ŵ½[õ҈Á"½ˆÎÚ½ ÈcÈŵäCȽCÀ„¾ÆÂÅ É ÂE½ˆÎ¸„Á"»Û(˜’Ë õ»Ã(ŵšœ›ˆÂÂDÎ+Î+½cÁ"š½(ÎAïÈˆëCš»Ò(½ˆ¹G˜Ãcɵ§"­³9®@¤ ¬9  CȈ˜ Ìc»¾œÂÃ(š¹-˜’¹”šÔ½#ۈ ҈Á"»˜Æ¹GÂÅ1ÖvéêÌcÂԘœÎ º”½cÁ"„»ššÂwȚ˜’½[ÃT˽ Èc¾ÆÅћˆ»wÌ[Â÷ۈÂÂÃ-҈»@˜JŔš½Á"ÂËÁ+Ȉ˜’šœº”ÂwȚىš›ˆÂÌc»Á"˜’½ Èf¹Ë½ º҈½ ÈÂÃ(š¹ê½ˆÎ7šœ›(Â`»Á+ºÊ Ý 4»wȘƹW¹G»Á"˜’Â4¹Ù «  ˆ®wوQšÁ"˜Ûˆ»w¾<Ë»WÌc»W¾ÆÁ+Ê4í â »Á"Â.Åc¹ËÁ"˜Û(Â@ÅIÒ(Á"Â@˘ƹÚ¾JÊ.˜ÃEšÍ›ˆÂ@˜JÁ9½cÁ+Év»wȘ’ý»@šÔ˜’½ ÃE»wÈÅIšœ›ˆÂ˜’Á9Á"Âw¾’»š˜’½ Ú½šœ›ˆÂ ҈½vÀÂ@ÁWÖC¼E½ˆ¹Gš7˜Ã(šÂ@Á"Â4¹Gš˜Ã‰É”˜Æ¹êšœ›ˆÂ»@ššÔÂȚԘ’½ Ú½IšÔ›ˆÂ„ÒˆÁ"˜–Ì[˜–¾ÆÂWÉ ÂD¹ê˽ ÃfÎ+ÂÁ"Á"ÂŔۉÊۈÂw¾Æ½ ÃcÉ ˜ÃcɔšÔ½T½[ÈÂ˽cÁ+Òf¹9½‰ÁY»wȽcšÔ›ˆÂÁWÖ ×›ˆ˜œ¹˜–ÈšÁ"½cÅ[ȈË@Â4¹ê»wÔ¾œÂº”ÂwȚ<½(Î1˜Ã(šÂ@Á+Ò(Á"Â4š»@šÔ˜’½ ÃÎ+½cÁšœ›ˆÂ9À㛈½ ¾’„»@Å[ºj˜–ȘƹGšÁ"»š˜ÌcÂϹÚÊv¹šÔº”ÙcšÍ›ˆÂ„ÅcÂD¹GËÁ"˜ÒˆšÔ˜’½ ÃI½ˆÎcÀ㛈˜’Ëw› ˜Æ¹šœ›ˆÂ½ ۈïJÂ@Ëš1½ˆÎ Ë›(»҈šÔÂ@Á ‰Ö ×›ˆÂ¿»Å º”˜–ȘƹGšÁ"»š˜’½[à À„»4¹ìÅc˜ Ìc˜’ÅcÂÅu˜Ãˆš½ š’À½ ¹GÂË@š˜J½ Ãf¹wò.šJ›ˆÂt¯  ¤# ®  ¬’

Références

Documents relatifs

 The main colouring agent are the following: cobalt with traces of nickel arsenic element for dark blue, copper for turquoise, (Type II) lead-tin yellow, manganese for brown.. 

Portant l’analyse plus loin, il relève que cette application est nettement moins marquée par l’opposition hiératique de systèmes juridiques ottoman d’un côté, et

I know that sounds really selfish, it's just that, you know, we like it, we don't want everyone to feel comfortable with graffiti, we'd rather they didn't.. It's like everywhere

Redjep Paşa Djami, the most remarkable example of Ottoman mosque in Rhodes that was a likely center of gravity of a wider mahalla, bounded by present odos

An itinerant preacher active in Yorkshire and Lancashire before being called to the pastorate of the Cripplegate congregation in London, Crosley is often considered, with

In fact, most of the complaints against an ambassador or a member of an embassy (often the interpreter) is similar to our case: an individual complains that while he

While the beginning of the nineteenth century was marked by very different mutations – Cairo lost inhabitants while Alexandria began its growth – the second half of the

Older Ottoman law based on the distinction between the public domain (mîrî) and the private domain (mulk) was sur-imposed on traditional Islamic law dividing lands into two