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Development of methods for measuring optical nonlinearities of third order

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HAL Id: tel-00799815

https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799815

Submitted on 12 Mar 2013

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nonlinearities of third order

Kamil Fedus

To cite this version:

Kamil Fedus. Development of methods for measuring optical nonlinearities of third order. Optics

[physics.optics]. Université d’Angers, 2011. English. �tel-00799815�

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Université d’Angers Année 2011

UFR Sciences N° d’ordre : 1120

Laboratoire LΦA

Développement des méthodes de mesures des non linéarités optiques du troisième ordre.

THÈSE DE DOCTORAT Spécialité : Physique

ÉCOLE DOCTORALE 3MPL (ED 500) Matière, Molécules et Matériaux en Pays de Loire

Présentée et soutenue publiquement Le 13 janvier 2011

à l’Université d’Angers

par Kamil FEDUS

Devant le jury ci-dessous:

Dominique BOSC, Rapporteur, Ingénieur de Recherche (HDR), Université de Rennes 1 Philippe GRELU, Rapporteur, Professeur, Université de Bourgogne

Cid B. de ARAUJO, Examinateur, Professeur, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Mathieu CHAUVET, Examinateur, Professeur, Université de Franche-Comté

Georges BOUDEBS, Directeur de thèse, Maître de Conférences (HDR), Université d’Angers

Laboratoire des Photonique d’Angers, EA4464, Université d’Angers, UFR Sciences,

2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 ANGERS Cedex 01

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6<-6;1<A 7. 78<1+)4 -4,

76416-): 78<1+;

76416-): ;=;+-8<1*141<A

76416-): 16,-@ 7. :-.:)+<176

!0A;1+)4 5-+0)61;5; 7. :-.:)+<1>- 16,-@ +0)6/-;

-8-6,-6+A 7. E 76 41/0< 874):1B)<176

%?7 807<76 )*;7:8<176

%0-7:-<1+)4 57,-4; .7: E

144-:; :=4- )6, ')6/; :=4-

57,-4

57,-4

!#% 57,-4

<0-: 57,-4;

76+4=;176;

6<:7,=+<176

4418;- :7<)<176 )6, -:: /)<-

4418;- :7<)<176

-:: /)<-

')>-1@16/ <-+0619=-;

-/-6-:)<- .7=: ?)>-51@16/ 16 *)+3?):, +76/=:)<176 ' -/-6-:)<- .7=: ?)>-51@16/ 16 .7:?):, +76/=:)<176 '

=L

(11)

(;+)6 <-+0619=-

+418;16/ (;+)6 <-+0619=- (;+)6

(;+)6 <-+0619=- =;16/ <780)< *-)5;

;+)6 -@8-:15-6<

<0-: <A8-; 7. (;+)6

151<)<176; 7. (;+)6 <-+0619=-

76416-): 5)/16/ %-+0619=-; %

= +70-:-6< 15)/16/ ;A;<-5

76416-): 5)/16/ %-+0619=- ?1<0 !0);- *2-+< %!

76+4=;176;

6<:7,=+<176

=5-:1+)4 57,-4 7. *-)5 8:78)/)<176 16;1,- <0- ;A;<-5

-/-6-:)<- .7=:?)>- 51@16/ =;16/ (;+)6 <-+0619=-

=5-:1+)4 ;15=4)<176;

@8-:15-6< )6, :-;=4<;

758):1;76 7. ;-6;1<1>1<1-; 7. 676416-): +0):)+<-:1B)<176 <-+0619=-;

$-6;1<1>1<A 7. 5=4<1?)>- 51@16/ <-+0619=-; 16 ;+)6 +76/=:)<176

=4<1?)>- 51@16/ -@8-:15-6<; 16 8:-;-6+- 7. 676416-): )*;7:8<176

68=< )=;;1)6 *-)5=;16/ )6 ;+)6 +76/=:)<176

$-6;1<1>1<A 7. (;+)6 )6, (;+)6 =;16/ ,1..:)+<176 -.+1-6+A

$-6;1<1>1<A 7. <0- %! =;16/ ,1..:)+<176 -.+1-6+A

76+4=;176;

6<:7,=+<176

!07<716,=+-, -..-+<; 16 <016 45; ,=:16/ 676416-): +0):)+<-:1B)<176

! ?1<0 80);- 7*2-+<

! 16 (;+)6 -@8-:15-6<;

-<-:516)<176 7. 807<716,=+-, +0)6/-; 16 416-): +7-.+1-6<; *A (;+)6

%0-7:A

@8-:15-6< )6, :-;=4<;

16-): +0):)+<-:1B)<176 7. <:)6;8):-6< <016 45; *A (;+)6

%0-7:-<1+)4 57,-4

@8-:15-6< )6, :-;=4<;

76+4=;176;

6<:7,=+<176

*;74=<- 5-);=:-5-6<; 7. E 16 $ )6, .=;-, ;141+)

76416-): :-.:)+<1>- 16,-@ 16 $

76416-): :-.:)+<1>- 16,-@ 16 .=;-, ;141+)

!:16+184- 7. <0- 5-);=:-5-6<;

(;+)6 -@8-:15-6<;

-:: ;0=<<-: -@8-:15-6<;

#-;=4<; )6, ,1;+=;;176

76416-): +0):)+<-:1B)<176 7. /4);;-; .7: 78<1+)4 ;?1<+016/ )8841+)<176;

@8-:15-6<)4 ,-<)14;

76416-): +0):)+<-:1B)<176 7. /4);;-; 16 -$ $* $ ; ;A;<-5

76416-): +0):)+<-:1B)<176 7. !*! ' 7@1,- /4);;-;

(12)

"!'!'& G8

76+4=;176;

3 3

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/ '&!.&*)-

"#",")!"-

(13)
(14)

8BC >5 86DA4B

$+0-5)<1+ 144=;<:)<176 7. ) % )=;;1)6 *-)5

&):1)<176; 7. E )6, ?1<0 807<76 -6-:/A 16 ;-51+76,=+<7:;

4418;- :7<)<176 -@8-:15-6<

-:: )<- -@8-:15-6<

)+3?):, )6, 7:?):, /-75-<:A 7. <0- ,-/-6-:)<- .7=: ?)>-51@16/ ' 7@+): +76/=:)<176 7. .7=: ?)>- 51@16/

7:?):,;+)<<-:16/ ,-/-6-:)<- .7=:?)>- 51@16/

@8-:15-6<)4 +76/=:)<176 .7: <0- (;+)6 <-+0619=-

(;+)6 <:)6;51<<)6+- .7: 87;1<1>- )6, 6-/)<1>- 676416-): :-.:)+<176

47;-, )6, 78-6 )8-:<=:- (;+)6 <:)6;51<<)6+-; )476/ ?1<0 <0-1: :)<17

$+0-5)<1+ 7. = +70-:-6< 15)/16/ ;A;<-5

$+0-5)<1+ 7. 80);- 7*2-+<

=5-:1+)4 ;15=4)<176 7. 80);- 7*2-+< 15)/-;

4/7:1<057. *-)58:78)/)<176 16 .:--;8)+-

$+0-5)<1+ 7. 7*2-+< )6, :-4)<-, -4, ;<78; 16 <0- = ;A;<-5<7 8-:.7:5' $+0-5)<1+ 7. <0- = +70-:-6< ;A;<-515)/-: =;-, .7: '

758):1;76 *-<?--6 -@8-:15-6<)4 )6, ;15=4)<-, 15)/-; 16 '

1..:)+<176 -.+1-6+A 16 ' -@8-:15-6< +75*16-, ?1<0 (;+)6 5-<07, =5-:1+)4 ;15=4)<176; 7. ,1..-:-6< ?)>-51@16/ 8:7+-;;-; 16;1,- = ;A;<-5 1..:)+<176 -.+1-6+A 16 5=41<?)>-51@16/ -@8-:15-6<; 16 ;+)6 +76/=:)<176 $+0-5- 7. )6)41<A+)4 ;74=<176 .7: -4-+<:1+ -4, )5841<=,- 16 '

1..:)+<176 -.+1-6+A >-:;=; -..-+<1>- 676416-): 80);- ;01.< 16 '

$+0-5)<1+ 7. <0- = 15)/16/ ;A;<-5?1<0 <0- )=;;1)6 *-)5)< <0- -6<:A

)=;;1)6 *-)58:74- )4<-:)<176 ).<-: 676416-): 4<-:16/

L===

(15)

=5-:1+)4 ;15=4)<176; .7: ;+)6 <-+0619=- 16 .7+=; ?1<0 )=;;1)6 *-)5

758):1;76 7. (;+)6 )6, (;+)6 <:)+-; =;16/ ,1..-:-6< 67:5)41B)<176

(;+)6 (;+)6 ,1..:)+<176 -.+1-6+A >-:;=; 676416-): 80);- ;01.< .7: ,1.

.-:-6< )8-:<=:- ,1;3 <:)6;51;;176

758):1;76 7. (;+)6 <:)+-; 7*<)16-, .7: ,1..-:-6< )8-:<=:- <:)6;51<<)6+-;

(;+)6 )6, (;+)6 ,1..:)+<176 -.+1-6+A 16 8:-;-6+- 7. )*;7:8<176

=5-:1+)4 +)4+=4)<176; 7. ,1..:)+<176 -.+1-6+A 16 %! -@8-:15-6<

!0);- +76<:);< 16 %! -@8-:15-6<; ,=- <7 <0- 807<716,=+-, -..-+<; ! %15- ->74=<176 7. <0- ,1..:)+<176 -.+1-6+A 16 %! -@8-:15-6< ,=- <7 ! 7:5)41B-, 80);- +76<:);< >-:;=; <15- 16 8:-;-6+- 7. !

(;+)6 <:)+-; 7*<)16-, 16 416-): )6, 676416-): :-/15- 16 8:-+-6+- 7. !

15)/-; 7. <0- )*4)<-, 074-; +:-)<-, 16 <0- 01/0 16<-6;1<A :-/15-

=5-:1+)4 +)4+=4)<176; 7. 78-6 )6, +47;-, )8-:<=:- (;+)6 <:)+-; .7: 8-:5)

6-6< )=;;1)6 80);- ;01.< ?:1<<-6 16 <0- ;)584-

)4+=4)<-, (;+)6 4 >-:;=; <0- 76)@1; >)4=- 7. )=;;1)6 8-:5)6-6<

80);- ;01.< ?:1<<1-6 16 <0- ;)584-

$+0-5)<1+ 7. <0- (;+)6 -@8-:15-6<)4 ;-<=8 +75*16-, ?1<0 = ;A;<-5

@8-:15-6<)4 67:5)41B-, (;+)6 <:)6;51<<)6+- :->-)416/ <0- 8-:5)6-6< 80);-

;01.< ?:1<<-6 16;1,- <0- ;)584-

@8-:15-6<)4 67:5)41B-, (;+)6 <:)6;51<<)6+- :->-)416/ <0- 8-:5)6-6< 80);-

;01.< )6, 807<7,):3-616/

$+)6 7. :-+<)6/=4): /:77>- 5),- *A 5-+0)61+)4 8:74- 5-<-:

758):1;76 *-<?--6 -@8-:15-6<)4 )6, 6=5-:1+)4 15)/-; 7*<)16-, ,=:16/

(;+)6616/ 7. :-+<)6/=4): /:77>- 16;1,- <016 45

@8-:15-6<)4 +47;-,)8-:<=:- (;+)6 67:5)41B-, <:)6;51<<)6+- 7*<)16-, .7:

:-+<)6/=4): 80);- ;01.<

$1514):1<A *-<?--6 :-+<)6/=4): /:77>-; )6, 78<1+)4 4-6;-;

758):1;76 7. <0- (;+)6 67:5)41B-, <:)6;51<<)6+-; 7*<)16-, .7: ,1..-:-6<

?1,<0; 7. :-+<)6/=4): /:77>-

=5-:1+)4 ;15=4)<176; .7: (;+)6 -@8-:15-6< 8-:.7:5-, .7: <016 45 ?1<0

:-+<)6/=4): /:77>-

(16)

&' " (%& GE 758):1;76 7. E ,1;8-:176 16 .=;-, ;141+) ?1<0 ) !#% 57,-4

-);=:-5-6<; 7. <0- *-)5 ?)1;< )6, <0- 67:5)41B-, <:)6;51<<)6+- >):1)<176;

16 (;+)6 -@8-:15-6<

-:: ;0=<<-: -@8-:15-6<)4 ;-<=8

-:: ;0=<<-: -@8-:15-6<)4 :-;=4<;

1/=:- 7. 5-:1< >-:;=; 67:5)41B-, 807<76 -6-:/A .7: -$ $* $ ; /4);;-;

76416-): :-.:)+<1>- 16,-@ )6, 676416-): )*;7:8<176 +7-.+1-6< >-:;=; 67:

5)41B-, 807<76 -6-:/A .7: -$ $* $ ; /4);;-;

16-): :-.:)+<1>- 16,-@ >-:;=; -6-:/A /)8 .7: ,1..-:-6< <A8-; 7. +0)4+7/-61,-;

758):1;76 *-<?--6 -@8-:15-6<)4 E >)4=-; )6, <0-7:-<1+)4 8:-,1+<176; 7.

57,-4 .7: -$ $* $ ; /4);;-;

16-): :-.:)+<1>- 16,-@ 7. !*! ' 7@1,- /4);;-;

$+0-5- 7. <0- +77:,16)<-; =<141B-, 16 <0- +)4+=4)<176 7. <0- :-;6-4 16<-/:)4 )=;;1)6 *-)5?1<0 ?)1;< N .7+=;-, <7 ) .7+)4 ;87< 7. :),1=; N

(17)
(18)

8BC >5 '01;4B

$-+76, )6, <01:,7:,-: -..-+<;

%A81+)4 >)4=-; 7. 676416-): :-.:)+<1>- 16,1+-;

"=),:)<1+ :-4)<176;018; :-4)<16/ <0- ,1..:)+<176 -.+1-6+A <7 676416-): 80);-

;01.< .7: 5=4<1?)>- 51@16/ 8:7+-;;-; 16 8:-;-6+- 7. 676416-): )*;7:8<176

758):1;76 7. <0- 78<1+)4 ;-6;1<1>1<1-; 7. <0- 57;< =;-, +0):)+<-:1B)<176 <-+0

619=-;

8<1+)4 8):)5-<-:; 7. - ; $- <016 45;

76416-): :-.:)+<1>- 16,1+1-; .7: $

76416-): :-.:)+<1>- 16,1+1-; .7: .=;-, ;141+)

*;74=<- >)4=-; 7. E 16 $ )6, .=;-, ;141+)

16-): 78<1+)4 8:78-:<1-; 7. -$ $* $ ; +0)4+7/-61,- /4);;-;

76416-): 78<1+)4 +7-.+1-6<; 7. -$ $* $ ; +0)4+7/-61,- /4);;-;

16-): 78<1+)4 +7-.+1-6<; 7. !*! ' /4);;-;

76416-): 78<1+)4 +7-.+1-6<; 7. !*! ' /4);;-;

LJ==

(19)
(20)

8BC >5 &H<1>;B

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34

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1

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(21)

O P Q 5FH9G=5B 7CCF8=B5H9G L M +D5H=5@ :F9EI9B7=9G

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(22)

8BC >5 11A4E80C8>=B

'+ @@ 'DH=75@ +K=H7<=B;

/% 57?K5F8 9;9B9F5H9 CIF /5J9 %=L=B;

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(23)
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(25)

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