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SYNCHROTRON RADIATION AS A SOURCE FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS IN BIOLOGY

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HAL Id: jpa-00215375

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00215375

Submitted on 1 Jan 1973

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SYNCHROTRON RADIATION AS A SOURCE FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS IN BIOLOGY

J. Barrington Leigh, G. Rosenbaum

To cite this version:

J. Barrington Leigh, G. Rosenbaum. SYNCHROTRON RADIATION AS A SOURCE FOR STRUC- TURAL ANALYSIS IN BIOLOGY. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1973, 34 (C8), pp.C8-63-C8-63.

�10.1051/jphyscol:1973822�. �jpa-00215375�

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JOURNAL DE PHYS~QUE Colloque C8, supplément au no 11-12, Tome 34, Noue~nbre-Décembre 1973, page C8-63

SYNCHROTRON RADIATION AS A SOURCE FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS IN BIOLOGY

J. B A R R I N G T O N LEIGH a n d G. R O S E N B A U M

M a x P l a n c k I n s t i t u t f ü r Medizenisele F o r s c h u n g - 69-Heidelberg 1, Allemagne

Résumé. - Dans le domaine de l'analyse des structures biologiques à l'aide de la diffraction X, l'intensité d e la source est souvent un paramètre limitatif. II en est aiiisien particulier pour les échan- tillons de petite taille, ayant de grandes mailles et pour les échantillons à durées de vie faibles. II est par exemple capital, si l'on veut décrire le «fonctioiiiienient niacron~oléculaire», de réduire la durée d e la mesure a u niaxiinuiii. Si possible des teiiips de l'ordre de la milliseconde doivent être atteints, ce qui correspo!~d à un gain d'intensité d'lin facteur 103 à 104. Le développement technique des tubes à rayoii X à anode tournante atteint illaintenant sa liniite physique, imposée p a r la vitesse de rotation iiiaxiinun-i.

Les sources synchrotron permettent tout d'abord ~ i i - i énorine gain en intensité ; elles ont aussi des propriétés optiques peu courantes mais très utiles. Cinq inüchines sont en fonctionnement o u en construction e n Europe dans le domaine spcctr:il des 1.5 îi ; elles seront cornparées. On examinera les avantages des sources synchrotron fortement colliinatées dans les différentes expé- riences de diffraction biologiques ; les applications à la microscopie seront envisagées. Enfin, les caractéristiques d'une source optiri~isée tie rayonnenient syiichrotroii seront passées en revue.

Abstract. - In the field of analysis of biological structures ~lsiiig X-ray diffraction, tlie intensity of the X-ray source is a major liii~iting parameter. This is especially so for sniall specimens with large repeat units and where specimeiis, native or niodified, have lin-iited lifetinies. Most inipor- tantly, in attempting to describe macron-iolec~ilar operations » e. g. the contraction cycle i i i muscle, structurally, tlie perniissible time window is narrowcd even further. I f possible san~pling times of the order of 1 ms o r less are needed. This iii~plies a req~iired iniprovenieiit in intensity of a factor 103-104. However technical developnieiit of rotatiiiç anode X-ray tubes is now reaching a physical liniit. T h e brightest of such sources is calculated by Roscnbauni ( 1 ) t o be within a factor 2-3 of this limit, imposed by the maximum permissible surface velocity of the rotating anode target.

Synchrotron sources provide firstly a n enormous gain in intensity, and also have unfamiliar but highly useful optical properties. Five machines (operating or under construction) in Europe are bright in the 1.5 A spectral region and will be compared on a meaningful basis. The suitability of the strongly collimated synchrotron source for various biological diffraction arrangements and the application t o microscopy will be examined. Finally the design of a n optimised synchrotron radiation source will be reviewed.

(1) To be published in J . Sc. Instr.

Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1973822

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