Results of a biological inventory of the Nosy Ankao island group, Parc National de Loky-Manambato, northeastern Madagascar

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island group, Parc National de Loky-Manambato, northeastern Madagascar

Steven Goodman, Yasser Anbdou, Yannie Andriamiarantsoa, Brian L Fisher, Owen Griffiths, Brad Keitt, Jean-Jacques Rafanomezantsoa, Eric Rajoelison,

Jean-Claude Rakotonirina, Luc Ranaivoarisoa, et al.

To cite this version:

Steven Goodman, Yasser Anbdou, Yannie Andriamiarantsoa, Brian L Fisher, Owen Griffiths, et al..

Results of a biological inventory of the Nosy Ankao island group, Parc National de Loky-Manambato,

northeastern Madagascar. Malagasy Nature, Association Vahatra, 2017, 11. �hal-01493362�

Malagasy Nature

13

Résumé détaillé

Plantes vasculaires –

Capurodendron greveanum et Eugenia aff. calciscopulasum

Steven M. Goodman^1,2, Yasser Anbdou³, Yannie Andriamiarantsoa⁴, Brian L. Fisher^5,6,

7, Brad Keitt⁸, Jean Jacques Rafanomezantsoa⁶, Eric T. Rajoelison⁶, Jean Claude Rakotonirina⁶, Luc Ranaivoarisoa⁴, Patrick Ranirison^4,9, Voahangy Soarimalala^2,10, Michaël L. Tantely¹¹, Pablo Tortosa¹² & Achille P.

Raselimanana^2,13

1

2

3

7

10

11

12

Results of a biological inventory of the Nosy Ankao island group, Parc

National de Loky-Manambato, northeastern Madagascar

Mystroxylon aethiopicum et Diospyros erythrosperma et Mimusops coriacea et Ficus tiliifolia

Moustiques –

Culex tritaentiorhynchus Aedes

lambrechti

Aedes

Culex Anopheles et Aedeomyia ne

Aedes

Culex

Anopheles

Plasmodium Anopheles arabiensis

Fourmis –

Mystrium, Xymmer, Proceratium et Tanipone ont

Reptiles et amphibiens –

Oiseaux –

Goodman et al 3

Petits mammifères –

Rattus rattus et R.

norvegicus

Conclusions –

Introduction

et al.

et al.

et al. et al.,

et al., et

al.

et al.,

et al. et al.,

et al. et al.

et al., 2006

et al.

Figure 1.

Goodman et al

& Gordon, et al.

Historical exploration of the biological resources of the Nosy Ankao island group

et al.

et al

bay on the north-east side of Madagascar, which was not known to the natives by any particular name, we called Port Leven, the islands between Andrava and Looké [=Loky] Bays…

et al

Figure 2.

Methods

Context of the 2016 biological inventory and study sites

Table 1.

Name Study group Home institution

Yasser Anbdou

Ants

Table 2.

Nosy Ankao Nosy Manampao Nosy Ratsy Nosiborona

7.1

Yes Some Yes Some

Yes ^{1 2}

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

1

2

Table 3.

Taxonomic group Nosy Ankao Nosy Manampao Nosy Ratsy Nosiborona

Ants Birds

Goodman et al 7

Figure 3.

Study sites

Villages on Nosy Ankao

Islands (geographical coordinates based on centroid positions)

Weather data

Figure 4.

Luc Ranaivoarisoa and assisted by Yannie Andriamiarantsoa and Patrick Ranirison with

Data collection

Linear transects

et al.

Goodman et al

Figure 5.

Surface area sampling

General botanical collections

Data analysis Floristic richness

Geographic range of plant species

Plant life-forms Table 4.

Floristic group Group Capurodendron greveanum and Eugenia

aff. calciscopulasum

Group Mystroxylon aethiopicum and Diospyros

erythrosperma

Group Mimusops coriacea and Ficus

tiliifolia

3 2

Tr 10, Tr 11, Tr 12

Ecological parameters

Substrate Florisitic

parameters

22 7

Structural parameters

Tr 11, Tr 12 Tr 10

110 127

Spatial parameters

and Southern domains Eastern domains

Goodman et al 11

groups

et al.

Fisher, Jean Jacques Rafanomezantsoa, Eric Tsiriniaina Rajoelison, and Jean Claude

Inventory methods

Non-selective method

Table 5.

Island Elevation Latitude south Longitude east Period Habitat type Distance to nearest point on

20 m

22 m

forest

Selective method

Sample processing and data analysis

), which has up-to-date summaries of what is known about the taxonomy of Malagasy ants,

Figure 6.

Goodman et al 13

= the

AB

et al.,

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

Inventory methods

Capture of preimaginal stages

et al.

Capture of adult stages

et al

Handling of mosquitoes

et al

Aedes Skusea,

Anopheles gambiae

et al et al.

Goodman et al

Possible Plasmodium infection of mosquitoes Plasmodium

et al

P. falciparum and P. vivax, both

Reptiles and amphibians (Achille P.

Inventory techniques

et al et al

Direct observations Figure 9.

Systematic searching

Pandanus and Ravenala

Pitfall traps

Figure 10.

Goodman et al 17 et al

et al et al

Other aspects

Liophidium aff.

torquatum

Small mammals (Yasser Anbdou, Steven M.

Goodman, Voahangy Soarimalala, and Pablo

Live traps

Specimens

Results

Weather data

Table 6.

Date

Minimum temperature

Maximum temperature

33 1

32

33 1

33 0

23 33 0

0

33 0

31

32 0

33

Vascular plants General aspects

Global vegetational characteristics Floristic diversity

Life-forms spectrum of the vegetation

Goodman et al

Figure 11.

Figure 12.

Table 7

Family Genus and species Nosy Ankao Nosy Ratsy Nosy

Manampao Nosiborona Acanthaceae Hypoestes strigata Benoist

Amaranthaceae Lagrezia ambrensis Anacardiaceae

Poupartia gummifera Annonaceae Monanthotaxis pilosa Apocynaceae Cynanchum arenarium

Landolphia gummifera Gonocrypta s Pervillea Secamone aff.

Secamone capitata Bignoniaceae Rhodocolea racemosa Boraginaceae Cordia myxa L.

Capparaceae Crataeva excels Celastraceae Brexia aff. humbertii

Brexia madagascariensis Loeseneriella rubiginosa Maytenus undata Mystroxylon aethiopicum

Loes.

Combretaceae Combretum coccineum Commelinaceae Commelina aff. madagascarica Convolvulaceae Ipomoea rubens

Cyperaceae Cyperus betafensis Cyperus longifolius

Asparagaceae lanceolata

Figure 13.

Goodman et al 21

Family Genus and species Nosy Ankao Nosy Ratsy Nosy

Manampao Nosiborona Ebenaceae Diospyros erythrosperma

Diospyros aff. ferrea Diospyros pervilleana Diospyros platycalyx Diospyros pruinosa Diospyros quercina Diospyros squamosa Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum retusum

Erythroxylum sphaeranthus Erythroxylum platyclados Erythroxylum rignyanum Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia tetraptera

Margaritaria anomala Thecacoris aff. perrieri Leandri Fabaceae Albizia arenicola .

Dichrostachys richardiana Senna occidentalis Loganiaceae Strychnos Lythraceae Capuronia benoistii Malvaceae Grewia aff. barorum

Grewia betulaefolia Hibiscus megistanthus Meliaceae Malleastrum boivinianum Moraceae Ficus lutea

Ficus tiliifolia

Myrtaceae Eugenia aff. calciscopulorum Eugenia aff. oligantha Ochnaceae Ochna ciliata Lam.

Oleaceae Jasminum greveanum Noronhia seyrigii

Orchidaceae Angraecum aff. magdalenae Primulaceae Oncostemum

Oncostemum Rhamnaceae Scutia myrtina (

Rhizophoraceae Cassipourea microphylla Rubiaceae Coffea boiviniana

Coptosperma Empogona ovalifolia Ixora aff. ripicola Ixora emirnensis Pyrostria sambavensis Tarenna grevei Tricalysia ambrensis Rutaceae Vepris aff. arenicola Salicaceae Casearia nigrescens Sapindaceae Allophylus cobbe

Macphersonia gracilis hildebrandtii

Sapotaceae Capurodendron greveanum Mimusops coriacea Sideroxylon aff. saxorum Vitaceae Cissus microdonta Table 7

Floristic groups

Structural groups

Table 8.

Group Family Taxa Indicator Group designation Island

1 Sapotaceae Capurodendron greveanum Capurodendron greveanum

and Eugenia aff. calciscopulasum Myrtaceae Eugenia aff. calciscopulasum

2 CelastraceaeMystroxylon aethiopicum 100.0 Mystroxylon aethiopicum and Diospyros erythrosperma

Ebenaceae Diospyros erythrosperma

3 Sapotaceae Mimusops coriacea Mimusops coriacea and Ficus

tiliifolia Moraceae Ficus tiliifolia

Figure 14.

Goodman et al 23

Description of vegetation groups

Group and aff.

calciscopulasum (Group I)

Capurodendron

Floristic characteristics of Group I

Structural characteristics of Group I

Structural variant 1: Low-growing forest with closed understory --

Table 9.

Transects Floristic group Structural group Vegetation group

1 A

Tr 11, Tr 12

2 B

Tr 10

3 B

Table 10.

Group Name of vegetational group Structural form Island

Capurodendron greveanum and Eugenia aff.

calciscopulasum

Mystroxylon aethiopicum and Diospyros erythrosperma Mimusops coriacea and Ficus tiliifolia

Figure 15.

Figure 16. Capurodendron greveanum and Eugenia aff. calciscopulasum Capurodendron greveanum.

forest.

Figure 17.

Dracaena lanceolata

Strychnos Diospyros pervilleana

Macphersonia gracilis hildebrandtii Maytenus undata

Vepris aff. arenicola Eugenia aff.

calciscopulasum

Goodman et al

Figure 18.

Figure 19.

Capurodendron greveanum Eugenia aff. calciscopulasum.

Structural variant 2: Low-growing forest with open canopy --

Vepris aff. arenicola and Maytenus undata.

Capurodendron greveanum and Diospyros erythrosperma

Group and

(Group II)

Floristic characteristics of Group II

h

Figure 20. Capurodendron greveanum and Eugenia aff. calciscopulasum

Figure 21

Figure 22

Goodman et al 27

Structural characteristics of Group II

Structural variant 1: Low-growing forest with open understory --

Figure 23.

Figure 24. Mystroxylon aethiopicum and Diospyros erythrosperma

Figure 25

Figure 26.

Cynanchum arenarium Grewia aff. barorum

Margaritaria

anomala Mystroxylon

aethiopicum

Structural variant 2: Low-growing forest with open canopy --

Grewia betulaefolia Grewia aff. barorum.

Margaritaria anomala

Mystroxylon aethiopicum

Group and (Group

III)

Floristic characteristics of Group III

Mimusops coriacea and Ficus tiliifolia

Goodman et al

Figure 27

Figure 28.

Figure 29. Mimusops coriacea and Ficus tiliifolia

Structural characteristics of Group III

Landolphia gummifera

Figure 31.

Figure 32.

Figure 30.

Goodman et al 31 Cissus microdonta

Mimusops coriacea Ficus

tiliifolia

Mimusops coriacea, Ficus tiliifolia, and Commelina aff. madagascarica

Snails

Tropidophora vittata

Tropidophora vesconis

Omphalotropis

Ampelita vesconis

Edentulina Edentulina

intermedia

Conulinus vesconis

Microcystis

Opeas soulaianus

Lisachatina immaculata

Rattus.

Ants Faunistics

Xymmer

Malagidris Xymmer

Mystrium oberthueri

Proceratium

Variation in species richness between sites

Table 11.

Status Dry forest

Nosy Ankao Nosy

Manampao Nosy Ratsy Nosiborona Dune forest Nosy Ankao

w G w G w G W G W G

Subfamily Amblyoponinae

Mystrium oberthueri E

Xymmer

Subfamily Dolichoderinae

Tapinoma E

Subfamily Dorylinae Lioponera

Tanipone subpilosa Tanipone

Subfamily Formicinae Camponotus alamaina

Camponotus E

Camponotus grandidieri E Camponotus hova

Camponotus repens

Nylanderia madagascariensis E Paratrechina longicornis

Plagiolepis

Plagiolepis E

Plagiolepis alluaudi Plagiolepis madecassa Tapinolepis

Subfamily Myrmicinae

Carebara E

Carebara grandidieri E

Carebara

Crematogaster hafahafa E

Crematogaster maina E

Crematogaster tricolor E Crematogaster tavaratra

Crematogaster rasoherinae Malagidris jugum

Monomorium termitobium E E

Monomorium platynode E

Monomorium micrommaton E

Monomorium lepidium E

Monomorium hanneli E

Nesomyrmex gracilis E

Pheidole

Pheidole E

Pheidole megacephala

Strumigenys inatos E

Strumigenys fanano E

Strumigenys sphera E

Strumigenys olsoni E

Strumigenys maxillaris Strumigenys emmae

Terataner E

Terataner alluaudi

Tetramorium ryanphelanae E Tetramorium sericeiventre

Tetramorium quasirum E

Tetramorium delagoense

Tetramorium trafo E

Tetramorium scytalum Tetramorium Subfamily Ponerinae Anochetus madagascariensis Anochetus grandidieri

Goodman et al 33

Status Dry forest Nosy Ankao

Nosy

Manampao Nosy Ratsy Nosiborona Dune forest Nosy Ankao

w G w G w G W G W G

Bothroponera wasmanii E Hypoponera

Hypoponera E

Hypoponera

Hypoponera E

Hypoponera E

Leptogenys fasika Leptogenys maxillosa Plathytyrea arthuri Subfamily Proceratiinae

Proceratium E

Subfamily

Pseudomyrmicinae Tetraponera

17 17 21 11 12

17 21 1

method 3 7 3

Species richness per site 33 22 25 25 27

sites 66

Number of species unique to a site 7 5 6 4 4

Figure 33.

Faunistic similarities between sites

Abundance of introduced species Plagiolepis alluaudi and Pheidole megacephala Tetramorium delagoense

Table 12.

Dry forest Nosy Ankao

Nosy

Manampao Nosy Ratsy Dune forest

Nosy Ankao Nosiborona Dry forest Nosy Ankao

Nosy Manampao 0.10

Nosy Ratsy 0.13 0.21

Dune forest Nosy Ankao 0.20 0.07 0.12

Nosiborona

Table 13.

Taxa Dry forest

Nosy Ankao Nosy

Manampao Nosy

Ratsy Dune forest

Nosy Ankao Nosiborona Subfamily Formicinae

Paratrechina longicornis

Pheidole megacephala 1.00 0.20 0.20

Plagiolepis alluaudi 0.20

Subfamily Myrmicinae

Tetramorium delagoense 0.32 1.00

Tetramorium sericeiventre 0.20

Tetramorium scytalum 0.32

Strumigenys emmae

Strumigenys maxillaris 0.20 Subfamily Ponerinae

Leptogenys maxillosa

Table 14.

Nosy Ankao island group Analabe Anala

Status A M R B

Subfamily Amblyoponinae

Mystrium oberthueri E

Xymmer

Subfamily Dolichoderinae

Tapinoma E

Subfamily Dorylinae Lioponera

Tanipone subpilosa Tanipone

Subfamily Formicinae Camponotus alamaina

Camponotus E

Camponotus grandidieri E Camponotus hova

Camponotus repens

Nylanderia madagascariensis E Paratrechina longicornis

Plagiolepis

Plagiolepis E

Plagiolepis alluaudi Plagiolepis madecassa Tapinolepis

Subfamily Myrmicinae

Carebara E

Carebara grandidieri E

Carebara

Crematogaster hafahafa E

Crematogaster maina E

Crematogaster tricolor E Crematogaster tavaratra

Goodman et al

Nosy Ankao island group Analabe Anala

Status A M R B

Crematogaster rasoherinae Malagidris jugum

Monomorium termitobium E E

Monomorium platynode E

Monomorium micrommaton E

Monomorium lepidium E

Monomorium hanneli E

Nesomyrmex gracilis E

Pheidole

Pheidole E

Pheidole megacephala

Strumigenys inatos E

Strumigenys fanano E

Strumigenys sphera E

Strumigenys olsoni E

Strumigenys maxillaris Strumigenys emmae

Terataner E

Terataner alluaudi

Tetramorium ryanphelanae E Tetramorium sericeiventre

Tetramorium quasirum E

Tetramorium delagoense

Tetramorium trafo E

Tetramorium scytalum Tetramorium Subfamily Ponerinae Anochetus madagascariensis Anochetus grandidieri

Bothroponera wasmanii E

Hypoponera

Hypoponera E

Hypoponera

Hypoponera E

Hypoponera E

Leptogenys fasika Leptogenys maxillosa Plathytyrea arthuri Subfamily Proceratiinae

Proceratium E

Subfamily Pseudomyrmicinae Tetraponera

All species shared with

Analabe Forest 18 5 10 8 25 -

All species shared with

Analamera 10 2 3 3 - 12

Table 14.

Comparison of the ant fauna of the Nosy Ankao island group to the mainland sites of Daraina and Analamera

Malagidris Tanipone

Larval breeding sites

Anopheles arabiensis Table 15.

et al et al.,

et al

Nosy Ankao Nosy Manampao Nosy Ratsy Nosiborona Total

Genus and species HLC LT HLC LT HLC LT HLC

Aedeomyia

madagascarica 1 1

Aedes

aegypti 2 3 37

albocephalus

albopictus 1 2 1

fryeri 3 7 2 7 2 21

lambrechti 3 171 20

monetus 13 1 10

tiptoni 13 13

Anopheles

arabiensis 2 2

Culex

quinquefasciatus

tritaeniorhynchus 3 10

Total 28 398 6 27 18 50 527

Table 16.

Species

Breeding sites types Cement

wells Canoe Coconut Metallic

container Mangrove Tree holes Aedes aegypti

Aedes albocephalus Aedes albopictus Aedes fryeri Aedes lambrechti Aedes monetus Anopheles arabiensis Culex tritaeniorhynchus Mosquitoes

Aedes

Culex

Anopheles arabiensis and Aedeomyia madagascarica. These

obtained.

, P

Culex tritaeniorhynchus Aedes lambrechti Aedes

P

Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Aedes albopictus.

A. aegypti.

Goodman et al 37

A. lambrechti, A.

albocephalus, and A. fryeri

Reptiles and amphibians

Figure 34.

Laliostoma labrosum

Zonosaurus madagascariensis

Table 17.

Taxa IUCN

status

Habitat and biotope

Mode of displacement

Relative abundance

Island Nosy

Ankao 365 ha

Nosy Manampao

29 ha

Nosy Ratsy 6 ha

Nosiborona 6 ha AMPHIBIANS

Mantellidae

Laliostoma labrosum Forest and SA

Total amphibian: 1 1

REPTILES Gekkonidae

Ebenavia inunguis Forest

Geckolepis maculata Forest Hemidactylus frenatus

Paroedura lohatsara Forest Forest Phelsuma abbotti

forest

SA Phelsuma aff.

dorsivittata

Forest SA

Uroplatus ebenaui Forest

Gerrhosauridae Zonosaurus

madagascariensis

Forest and A

Scincidae

Amphiglossus Forest

Cryptoblepharus boutonii

A Madascincus aff.

miafana

Forest A

Paracontias aff.

hildebrandti

Forest and

Trachylepis elegans

Trachylepis gravenhorstii Forest and SA

Chamaeleonidae Brookesia aff. tristis

Furcifer petteri Forest

Furcifer oustaleti Forest and SA

Boidae Acrantophis

madagascariensis

Forest and SA

Lamprophiidae Liophidium aff.

torquatum

Forest and SA

Lycodryas aff. inopinae Forest Madagascarophis

colubrinus

Forest, forest SA

Mimophis mahfalensis Forest, forest A

Typhlopidae Madatyphlops

microcephalus

Forest SA

Xenotyphlops aff.

grandidieri

Forest and

Total reptiles: 25 18 11 4 1

Total amphibians and reptiles: 26

18 11 4 2

Goodman et al

Phelsuma aff. dorsivittata

Bismarckia or satrana Paracontias aff. hildebrandti and Xenotyphlops aff.

grandidieri

Mimusops coriacea and Ficus tiliifolia

Phelsuma aff. dorsivittata;

Amphiglossus aff. miafana Brookesia aff. tristis

Liophidium aff. torquatum, Lycodryas aff. inopinae, and Xenotyphlops aff. grandidieri

Paroedura lohatsara and Uroplatus ebenaui

Furcifer petteri

Xenotyphlops aff.

grandidieri

X. grandidieri

X.

grandidieri

grandidieri

Xenotyphlops

et al.

Madatyphlops

Xenotyphlops and

Furcifer petteri

Zonosaurus madagascariensis,

Figure 35.

Figure 36.

Amphiglossus aff. miafana Brookesia aff. tristis Phelsuma aff. dorsivittata Lycodryas aff. inopinae

Figure 37. Paroedura

lohatsara

Uroplatus ebenaui Furcifer petteri

Goodman et al

Paracontias aff.

hildebrandti

Mimusops coriacea and Ficus tiliifolia formation (see

Trachylepis elegans and T. gravenhorstii

Phelsuma aff. dorsivittata, Paracontias aff.

hildebrandti, Cryptoblepharus boutonii, Brookesia aff.

tristis, and Xenotyphlops aff. grandidieri

Madatyphlops microcephalus, Amphiglossus Madascincus aff. miafana

Table 18.

Characteristics Pitfall line 1 Pitfall line 2 Pitfall Line 3 Total Habitat type

Ground cover

Taxa

Amphiglossus 2 2

Madascincus aff. miafana 7 21

Trachylepis elegans 2 1 3 6

Madatyphlops microcephalus 1 1

Liophidium aff. torquatum 1 1 2

10 13 32

11 11 11 33

10 10 10 10

110 110 110 330

9.1 8.2 11.8 9.7

Figure 38. Xenotyphlops aff.

grandidieri

Table 19.

Characteristics Pitfall line 1 Pitfall line 2 Total

Habitat type Ground cover Taxa

Paracontias aff. hildebrandti 1 1

Trachylepis gravenhorstii 3 11

Liophidium aff. torquatum 2 2

11 3 14

11 11 22

5 110

20.0 5.5 12.7

Table 20.

Characteristics Pitfall line 1 Pitfall line 2 Total

Habitat type

Ground cover

Zonosaurus madagascariensis 3 2 5

Madagascarophis colubrinus 1 1

Liophidium aff. torquatum 1 1

3 7

11 11 22

5 110

7.3 5.5 6.4

Table 21.

Taxa Activity period

Mode of capture Direct

observation

Systematic

searching Pitfall traps Laliostoma labrosum

Ebenavia inunguis Geckolepis maculata Hemidactylus frenatus Paroedura lohatsara Phelsuma abbotti Phelsuma aff. dorsivittata Uroplatus ebenaui

Zonosaurus madagascariensis Amphiglossus

Cryptoblepharus boutonii Madascincus aff. miafana Paracontias aff. hildebrandti Trachylepis elegans Trachylepis gravenhorstii Brookesia aff. tristis Furcifer petteri Furcifer oustaleti

Acrantophis madagascariensis Liophidium aff. torquatum Lycodryas aff. inopinae Madagascarophis colubrinus Mimophis mahfalensis Madatyphlops microcephalus Xenotyphlops aff. grandidieri

Total 18 8 5

Goodman et al

et al

Birds

Accipiter madagascariensis and Berniera Bernieria madagascariensis

Buteo brachypterus

Falco peregrinus

Anous stolidus and A. tenuirostris

Sterna caspia S. dougallii

S. fuscata Thalasseus bergii

T. bergii

Table 22.

Nosy Ankao Nosy Manampao Nosy Ratsy Taxa

Ardea cinerea Bubulcus ibis Butorides striata Egretta dimorpha Buteo brachypterus Falco newtoni Turnix nigricollis Dryolimnas cuvieri Nesoenas picturata Centropus toulou

Caprimulgus madagascariensis Cypsiurus parvus

Eurystomus glaucurus Upupa marginata

Hypsipetes madagascariensis Cisticola cherina

Terpsiphone mutata Nectarinia souimanga Nectarinia notata

Zosterops maderaspatana Corvus albus

Acridotheres tristis Foudia madagascariensis

Total species 25 6 4

Small mammals

Rattus rattus

The R. rattus

around human habitations to obtain more information

R. rattus and a R. norvegicus

Suncus murinus

human habitations.

Felis silvestris

Rattus

Tenrec ecaudatus or Setifer setosus

Table 23.

Nosy Ankao Nosy Manampao Nosy Ratsy 100

10 1000 Reptile captures

Zonosaurus madagascariensis 0 0 1

Small mammal captures

Rattus rattus 11 0

Rattus norvegicus 1¹ 0 0

6.3 2.9 0.0

1

Goodman et al

Discussion

Vascular plants

Ficus tiliifolia

Table 24. Rattus rattus

Position of trap Localization for those on ground Localization for those off ground On

ground Off

ground In litter

Next to fallen and rotten wood

On

roots Other Branch or trunk > 10 cm

Branch or trunk

< 10 cm Other

1 10 20

Sex and age

10 10 2 7 3

13 2

1 1

2

Table 25. Rattus rattus

Position of trap Localization for those on ground Localization for those off ground On

ground Off

ground In litter Next to fallen and

rotten wood

On

roots Other (mostly Branch or trunk

> 10 cm

Branch or trunk

< 10 cm Other

1 1 70 3 1

Sex and age

7 7

3 1 2

1 1

Snails

Tropidophora thesauri

Edentulina minor E. arenicola

Gulella microdon

Ants

Ant diversity on islands in the Nosy Ankao group

Figure 39.

Goodman et al

Mystrium, Xymmer, and Proceratium, Tanipone

Proceratium and Tanipone

Introduced species

Pheidole megacephala dominates the entire

Mimusops coriacea and Ficus tiliifolia

Plagiolepis alluaudi

Comparing the ant diversity on islands in the Nosy Ankao group to that of Daraina and Analamera

Reptiles and amphibians

Faunistic and biogeographic considerations

et al., 2007;

et al

Ebenavia inunguis

et al.,

Brookesia micra et al

Taxonomic, ecological, and conservation considerations

et al et al

Paracontias aff.

hildebrandti

Mimusops coriacea and Ficus tiliifolia

Xenotyphlops aff.

grandidieri

Paroedura lohatsara

et al

Liophidium aff.

torquatum

L. torquatum

Rattus

et al

Seasonality of reproduction

Zonosaurus madagascariensis

Furcifer petteri Paracontias aff. hildebrandti

Goodman et al

Birds

Faunistic, biogeographic, and conservation considerations

Rattus

Dryolimnas cuvieri aldabranus, Centropus toulou insularis, Hypsipetes madagascariensis rostratus, Nectarinia souimanga aldabrensis, Zosterops maderaspatana aldabrensis, Dicrurus aldabranus, and Foudia (eminentissima aldabrana et al.

et al.,

Acridotheres tristis, is

as Upupa marginata

Small mammals Faunistics

Rattus

et al.

Figure 40.

Sterna fuscata

Figure 41.

Goodman et al

Tenrec ecaudatus, Setifer setosus, and Microgale brevicaudata

R. rattus

Manambato (Goodman et al., Tenrec and Setifer

Rattus

Rattus feed

for Rattus

Rattus

Rattus

Rattus,

Rattus

Zonosaurus madagascariensis,

Rattus

Acranthophis madagascariensis, and Rattus

Conservation priorities and recommendations Some important generalities associated with invasive invertebrates

Rattus

Nosy Ankao Introduced plants

trees, Casuarina equisetifolia

et al., 2012

C. equisetifolia

C. equisetifolia

et al

Leucaena leucocephala

Introduced ants

Pheidole megacephala and Solenopsis geminata

Pheidole megacephala

et al

P.

megacephala

P. megacephala

Paratrechina longicornis, Plagiolepis alluaudi, Strumigenys maxillaris, S. emmae, Tetramorium sericeiventre, and T. delagoense

P. megacephala

Mystrium, Lioponera, Tanipone, Leptogenys, and Proceratium

P. megacephala Xymmer and Malagidris.

of P. megacephala

Introduced rodents

Rattus rattus R.

norvegicus

Goodman et al

Other introduced mammals –

voalavo arabo Suncus murinus

–

cat scats

Introduced birds

Acridotheres tristis

Upupa marginata, for

2011; Feare et al.

Nosy Manampao Introduced ants

Paratrechina longicornis, Plagiolepis alluaudi, Pheidole megacephala, Strumigenys emmae, Tetramorium scytalum, and Leptogenys maxillosa

Introduced snails

Lisachatina immaculata

Introduced rodents

Rattus rattus.

Ficus

state.

et al

Rattus R.

rattus

Rattus

Introduced birds

Acridotheres tristis

season.

Questions of biosecurity

Acknowledgements

Goodman et al

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