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ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ
ﻭﺰﻳﺍ
26000ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻤﻠﻟ
ﺃ. ﺔﺒﻴﻫﻭ ﻡﺪﻘﻣ ﺃ ، ﱎﺎﻐﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺳ . ﺩ. ﲑﺸﺑ ﺭﺎﻜﺑ ﺃ ، ﱎﺎﻐﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﺮﺿﺎﳏ ﺫﺎﺘﺳ . ﺺﺨﻠﳌﺍ : ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ 26000 ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺎﻬﻓﺪﻫ ،ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﺒﻏﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻜﺗﺮﺗ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﻠﻟ ﻼﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﻠﻌﺟ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻑﺪ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺍﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻭ ﺎﺎﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺕﺎﻌﺒﺗ ﻞﻤﲢ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺎﺑ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ 26000 ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﱃﺇ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ . ﺔﻴﺣﺎﺘﻔﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ : ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ 26000 ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻗ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ، . Résumé:La norme ISO 26000 relative à la responsabilité sociale des organisations a pour objectif de définir et de clarifier le concept de responsabilité sociale. L’application sur le terrain repose sur la volonté de l’organisation d’assumer les impacts de ses activités et de ses decisions sur le plan environnemental et social.
Ce papier se propose tout d’abord de présenter la problématique de la responsabilité sociale au niveau de l’entreprise puis dans un deuxième point sa mise en oeuvre selon la norme ISO 26000 et enfin, dans un troisième point, d’interroger son applicabilité au niveau des enterprises algériennes.
6 Abstract
ISO 26000 is a guidance standard and provides recommendations on Corporate Social Responsibility.The aim of ISO 26000 is to assist organizations which intend to be socially responsible; it depends on the willingness of the organization to take the impact of its activities and decisions on the environment and society.in this paper we will discover ISO 26000 and we will clarify its role on implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The study addresses also ISO 26000 standard in Algerian companies.
Key words: corporate social responsibility, ISO 26000.
7 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ : ﺙﺭﺍﻮﻜﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺯﻷﺍ ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺪﻳﺍﺰﺗ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﺓﲑﺒﻛ ﺪﺳﺎﻔﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﺗ ﻕﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻ ﺔﻘﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﳊﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺮﻬﻈﻳ ﺎﳑ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻠﻟ ﻭ ﺔﻣﺍﺪﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻤﻛ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ،ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺍ ﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺎﺄﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎﲟ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺎﺎﺒﺟﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺪﺋﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺓﻮﳍﺍ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﻣ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ . ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻧﻭﻵﺍ ﰲ ﺪﻳﺍﺰﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ﲑﺒﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﺪﻗ ﻭ ﻌﻤﺘﺍ ﱀﺎﺼﲟ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺎ ﺪﺼﻘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻦﻋ ﺔﲨﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺛﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻞﻤﲢ ﻭ ﺕﺎ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫﻭ، ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺍﻭ ﻙﻼﳌﺍﻭ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﺋﺎﺑﺰﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﺴﲢ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻫﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺗ ﻞﺑ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺮﺼﺘﻘﺗ ﻢﻬﻠﻛ . ﻝﺎﳘﺈﺑ ﺖﻄﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺓﲑﺜﻛ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟ ﺍﺮﻈﻧﻭ ﻢﳒ ﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺎﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺎﺴﻓ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻦﻋ . ﺎﻳﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺍﺮﻣﺃ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻟﺍ ﲏﺒﺗ ﺢﺒﺻﺄﻓ ﻂﻴﶈﺍ ﰲ ﺎﺭﻮﺻ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﳊﺍ ﺍﺬﻛ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺋﺍﺩﺃ ﲔﺴﲢ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻟ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ . ﺢﺒﺻﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻲﻣﺎﻨﺗ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﻭ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﲔﺴﺤﺘﻟ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻢﻈﻧ ﲏﺒﺗ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻣﺍﺰﻟ ،ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺩ ﺕﺎﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﻭ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺔﻟﻮﺌﺴﳌﺍ ﺎﺎﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻛ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﺓﺮﻳﺎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺖﻌﺿﻭ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﺕﺮﻬﻇ ﺪﻘﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻖﻠﻃﺃ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺷﺭﺇ ) ISO 26000 . ( ﻲﻫﻭ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺕﺎﺤﻴﺿﻮﺗﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺷﺭﺇ ﻡﺪﻘﺗ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺩ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ . ﻢﻬﺋﺍﺩﺃ ﻦﺴﲢ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻠﻟ ﺔﻟﻮﺌﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍ ﻢﻋﺪﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ . ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻭﺎﺤﻨﺳ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺭ : ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ 26000 ﳌﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻠﻟ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻢﻋﺩ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﻣ ﻭ ؟ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺔﻟﻮﺌﺴ
8 ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻧ ﺎﻨﻧﺈﻓ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﺣﻭﺮﻄﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻺﻟ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻠﻟ ﻭ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻠﻟ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻭ ﺎﺄﺸﻧ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻣﻮﻬﻔﳌ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻧ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﳌﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋ . ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺎﺑ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻧ ﰒ 26000 ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻭ ﺎﺄﺸﻧ ﻢﻫﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﳘﺃ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻨﺒﻟﺍ . ﰲ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻧ ﻭ ﺁ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﺟ ﺮﺧ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺱﺭﺪﻧ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻭﺰﻳﻻﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﰒ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ 26000 ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ . 1 . ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ 1.1 . ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ : ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻒﻠﺘﺧﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻄﻋﺇ ﺆﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺩﺪﳏ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭ . ﻯﺮﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻝﻭﺭﺎﻛ ) Carrol; 1979;p-p: 497-505 ( ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﺑ ﺃﺪﺒﺗ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﺃ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ . ﻭ ﻊﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺐﺠﻴﻓ ﰲ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺐﳚ ﻭ ،ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺡﺎﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﻰﻌﺴﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻭ ﺡﺎﳒﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﳋﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺀﻮﺿ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺪﻌﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻇ ﰲ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻤﻠﻟ . ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺎﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﲟ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﺜﳝ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻌﻣ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺎ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺎﻼﻣﺎﻌﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻧﺎﻣﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣ ﺐﳚ ﺫﺇ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﺓﲑﳋﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻰﻤﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﺜﲤ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺪﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻄﺘ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺈﻛ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺌﻴﺑ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﳌ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﻭ ﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﻯﺪﻣ ﲏﻌﺗ ﺎﻫﲑﻏ ﻭ ﺔﻳﲑﳋﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﻮﲤ ﻭ ﺔﻟﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺹﺮﻓ ﺔﺣﺎﺗﺇ ﻭ ﲔﻗﻮﻌﳌﺍ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺗ ) ،ﰲﲑﺼﻟﺍ 2007 ، ﺹ : 22 (. ﻯﺮﻳ ﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ) ،ﻱﺮﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﱯﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ 2006 ( ﻭ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺪﻘﻋ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺮﻈﻨﻳ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺤﻠﺼﻣ ﻖﻘﳛ ﺎﲟ ﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺀﺎﺿﺭﺈﺑ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻪﺒﺟﻮﲟ ﻡﺰﺘﻠﺗ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﺎﻴﻗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺶﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻞﺜﻣ
9 ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻜﻟﺍ ﻞﺣ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺹﺮﻓ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻭ ﺙﻮﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﻭ ﺮﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺭﺎﳏ : ،ﻥﺎﻜﺳﻹﺍ ،ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﳋﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﲑﻏ ﻭ ،ﺕﻼﺻﺍﻮﳌﺍ ) ،ﺔﻨﺑﺎﺒﻋ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻳﺰﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻮﳊﺍ 2009 ﺹ ، : 5 (. ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺎﻫﺬﺨﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻌﻓﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺎﺄﺑ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺮﻈﻨﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻠﻟ ﺍﺀﺰﺟ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﺎ ﰲ ﻞﺜﲤ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺪﺋﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺑﻮﻏﺮﳌﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﺠﻛ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﲢ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ) ،ﻱﺮﻜﺒﻟﺍ 2001 ﺹ ، : 27 (. ﲏﻌﻧ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﺗ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺎﺑ ﻢﺴﺘﻳ ﻮﳓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﻦﻜﻟ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻜﻠﳌﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺲﻴﻟ ،ﺔﻠﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺎﺑ ﻝﺎﻴﺟﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﶈﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﻭ ﺀﻼﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻔﻇﻮﳌﺍ ﻢﻬﻴﻓ ﻦﲟ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻣﺩﺎﻘﻟﺍ ) ،ﺝﺮﺳﻻﺍ 2010 ﺹ ، : 4 .( ﺓﺮﻳﺎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ) ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ( ﺘﻓ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺎ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺮ ﺎﺎﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺢﺒﺼﺘﻟ ﻂﻴﶈﺍ ﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺮﺛﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺔﲨﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻟ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺰﻜﺗﺮﺗ ،ﺔﻣﺍﺪﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻤﺠﺴﻨﻣ ﻭ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ،ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻻﺍ ﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺞﻣﺪﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ " ) Capronet Quairel-Lanoizelée;2007;p:23 (. ﻒﺼﺘﺗ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﲡ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺓﺮﻳﺎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺅﺭ ﺢﻀﺘﻳ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋﺎﺑ : ﺭﺎﺛﻵﺍ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﲢ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺎﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻬﺛﺪﲢ . ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻃ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻑﺪ . ﺔﻣﺍﺪﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻢﻬﺴﺗ . ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺰﺋﺎﻛﺭ ﻭ ﺲﺳﺃ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ : ،ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﺢﺋﺍﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻭ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ . ﺃﺰﺠﺘﻳ ﻻ ﺀﺰﺟ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﳍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ .
10 ﻥﺃ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﺴﻧ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ،ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﺍﺬ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﻯﺅﺭ ﻭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺕﺎﻬﺟﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻩﺩﺮﺳ ﰎ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﻭ ﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻩﺎﲡ ﻝﻮﺌﺴﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺰ ﻢﻬﻨﻣ ﻭ ،ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ : ﻦﺋﺎﺑﺰﻟﺍ ،ﻥﻮﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ / ﺔﻠﲪ ،ﻥﻮﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻢﻬﺳﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ، ﻢﻫﲑﻏ . ﻂﻘﻓ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺰﻌﻴﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺀﺎﺟ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻜﻛ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺎﳕﺇ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻜﻛ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﳊﺍ ﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﻞﺣ ﰲ ﻢﻬﺴﻳ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻥ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ . 1.2 . ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ : ﻥﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺎﺑ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺜﻟﺍ ﺮﺼﻋ ﺕﺎﻳﺍﺪﺑ ﺬﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺮﻬﻇ ﻥﺃ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﺕﺩﺎﺳ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﰲ ﺔﺣﺍﺮﺻ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ ﱂ ﺡﻼﻄﺻﻻﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﺟﺭ ﻭ ﻦﻳﲑﺴﳌﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺎﻫﺅﺍﺩﺃ ﺐﳚ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﳍﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻢﺘﺗ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻢﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﲑﳋﺍ . ﺿﺎﳌﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻳﺮﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻴﳚﺭﺪﺗ ﺭﻮﻠﺒﺘﻳ ﻲﺣﻼﻄﺻﻻﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﺃﺪﺑ ﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻲ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﰲ ﻥﻮﳘﺎﺴﻳ ﻦﳑ ﺓﺩﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺀﻻﺆﻫ ،ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺣﺍﺮﺻ ﺍﻭﱪﻋ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﲑﺴﳌﺍ ﰒ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﲔﺴﲢ ﰲ ﺔﳘﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﺍﻭﺪﻳﺃ ﺔﻳﲑﳋﺍ ﻴﺛﻼﺜﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺀﺪﺑ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﺚﻳﺪﺣ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨ ﲔﻌﺘﻳ ﺢﺒﺻﺃ ﻭ ﻦﻳﲑﺴﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺍﺰﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﻙﺍﺬﻧﺁ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺔﻣﺯﻸﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ،ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻨﻣ ﻭ ،ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺄﺑ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺎﳕﺇ ﻢﻬﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﲪ ﻭ ﻙﻼﳌﺎﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﲔﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻭ ) Gendre-Aegerter;2008,p-p:129-130 (. ﺔﻨﺳ ﰲ ﻭ 1953 ﺭﺪﺻﺃ ) ﻥﻭﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﻭﺎﻫ ( 1 ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﺟﺮﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛ . ﺔﻳﺎ ﻊﻣ ﻭ ﰎ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺰﻴﻴﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻛ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌ ﻊﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻊﺳﺍﻭ ﻕﺎﻄﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﲏﺒﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ . 1
Howard R. Bowen ; Social Responsibilities of the Businessman Social Responsibilities of the Businessman ; 1953.
11 ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺘﺴﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻭ 20 ، ﻊﻴﺿﺍﻮﲟ ﻢﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﲢ ﺕﺮﻬﻇ ﻞﺜﻣ : ﻭ ،ﲔﺴﻨﳉﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﺎﻬﺟﻮﺗ ،ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺮﺛﻷﺍ ﻱﺮﺼﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻴﻤﺘﻟﺍ . ﺮﺛﺃ ﺎﳍ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﱪﻜﻟ ﺕﺎﻣﺯﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺢﺋﺎﻀﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺘﻓ ﺕﺰﻴﲤ ﻭ ﺃ ﺎﳑ ،ﱯﻠﺳ ﻲﺌﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﲟ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺪﻳﺍﺰﺗ ﻭ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺭﺎﺛ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻣﺍﺪﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ . ﺡﺍﺮﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻭ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﺎﺜﻴﳌﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﻭ ﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﺎﺜﻴﻤﻠﻟ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﻢﻣﻸﻟ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﻣﻷﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔ 1999 ﻖﻠﻃﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻨﺳ ﰲ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﻢﻣﻷﺍ ﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻠﺣﺮﲟ ﻕﺎﺜﻴﳌﺍ 2000 ، " ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﲟ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻃ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻮﻫ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺁ ﺓﺪﻋ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻼﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﺽﺮﻌﻳ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ : ﺔﻴﻠﶈﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺒﺸﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ،ﺭﺍﻮﳊﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ ﻭ ،ﺔﻛﺍﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻳﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻯﻮﻘﻟﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺷ ،ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺎﺜﻴﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺘﲟ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻱﺮﻫﻮﳉﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺪﺒﻠﻟ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﳎ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻕﺎﺜﻴﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ : ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺭﺎﳏ ،ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ،ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ " ) ،ﺪﻴﺷﺭﺍ 2006 ﺹ ، -ﺹ : 29 -30 (. 1.3 . ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﰲ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ : ﻭ ،ﺎﺎﻃﺎﺸﻨﺑ ﻥﻭﺮﺛﺄﺘﻳ ﻭ ﻥﻭﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﻭ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﱀﺎﺼﻣ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺎﺑ ﻢﻬﻄﺑﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻭ ،ﻢﻬﻨﻣ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻞﻛ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﻤﲟ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻡﺰﺘﻠﺗ ﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻮﳓ ﺎ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ : ﻲﻠﶈﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ : ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﶈﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ،ﺎﻫﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﺘﻣ ﺪﻴﺴﲡ ﱃﺇ ﻊﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﺫﺇ ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ﺔﳛﺮﺷ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻓﺮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﳌﺍ ﻝﺬﺑ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ،ﻪﻫﺎﲡ ﺎﺎﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺔﻔﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ : ﰲ ﺔﳘﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺪﳊﺍ ﰲ ﺔﳘﺎﺴﳌﺍ ،ﻖﺋﺍﺪﳊﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻮﺴﳉﺍ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺇ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻢﻋﺩ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻬﻴﻓﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺿﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻧﻷﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻢﻋﺩ ،ﺔﻟﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻢﻋﺪﻟﺍ ،ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﻴﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﻱﻭﺬﻟ ﻥﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ ،ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻢﻋﺩ ،ﺪﻴﻟﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ
12 ﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﲑﳋﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺭ ،ﺔﻴ ) ،ﻱﺮﻜﺒﻟﺍ 2001 ﺹ ، -ﺹ : 52 -53 ( . ﻦﺋﺎﺑﺰﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ : ،ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻌﺳﺄﺑ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ ﰲ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ﻥﺎﺸﺑ ﺔﺤﺿﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺷﺭﺇ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ ،ﺔﻨﻣﺁ ﻭ ﺔﻘﻳﺪﺻ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ ﻭ ،ﻕﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺮﺿﻷﺍ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﲟ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍ ،ﻪﺗﺎﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺞﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻭ ،ﻊﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺙﺪﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻕﺮﺧ ﻡﺪﻌﺑ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟﺎﺑ . ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ : ،ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﻦﻋ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ﲏﺒﺗ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﳊﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ﺕﻼﲪ ﰲ ﺔﳘﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺑ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺓﺪﻴﺷﺭ . ﲔﳘﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ : ،ﻦﻜﳑ ﺢﺑﺭ ﻰﺼﻗﺃ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻭ ﻢﻬﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻢﻴﻈﻌﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ،ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﳍﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﲔﳘﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻙﺍﺮﺷﺇ ،ﺰﻴﻴﲤ ﻱﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻦﻣ ﲔﳘﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤ . ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ : ﻖﺣ ﻥﺎﻤﺿ ﻭ ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗ ﻭ ،ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﲣﺍ ﰲ ﻪﻛﺍﺮﺷﺇ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻪﻗﻮﻘﺣ ﻭ ،ﺮﻤﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺙﺩﺍﻮﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻣﻷﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣﻷﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ . 1.4 . ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ : ﺪﻗ ﺔﻠﻫﻮﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﻭﺪﺒﺗ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﻻﺇ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻞﻫﺎﻛ ﻞﻘﺜﻴﺳ ﻖﺋﺎﻋ ﺎﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺀﺍﺮﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻜﻣ ﺓﺪﻋ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﲏﲡ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺪﻴﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ . ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ﻭ : • ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﻭ ﲔﺴﲢ . • ﻢﻬﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺜﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻞﻀﻓﻷﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺪﺤﻠﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﺎﻣ ﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻘﺛ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻰﻈﲢ ﺎﳌ ،ﻞﻳﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﺪﻣﻷﺍ ﰲ ﻼﺒﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺎﳍ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺮﻃﺎﺨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ . • ﻞﻛ ﺐﻋﻮﺘﺴﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﳝ ﻻ ﺕﺎﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﻟ ﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﺻﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺎﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺳ ﺎﺈﻓ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ .
13 • ﰲ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻬﲟ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻢﻘﺗ ﱂ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻳﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻮﻗ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻜﻟﺍ ﺪﻘﻔﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎﺈﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﱐﺎﻌﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﻞﺣ ﻭ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﻣ ﰲ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ . • ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﻟ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻙﺮﺗ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ،ﺎﻬﺟﻼﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻀﻓﺃ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺎﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺟﻼﻋ ﺐﻌﺼﻳ ﻭ ﻢﻗﺎﻔﺘﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺐﻨﺠﺘﺘﻟ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ . 1.5 . ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ : ﲔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻝﺪﺟ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ : ﻞﻜﻟ ﻭ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺆﻣ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﲞ ﻥﻮﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﻪﺠﺠﺣ ﻢﻬﻨﻣ . ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﲟ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻠﻟ ﺓﺪﻳﺆﳌﺍ ﺞﺠﳊﺍ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ) ،ﻱﺮﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﱯﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ 2008 ﺹ ، : 69 :( ﰲ ﺍﲑﺒﻛ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺐﻌﻠﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺃﺰﺠﺘﻳ ﻻ ﺀﺰﺟ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﻪﻓﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ . ﺍ ﺖﻨﺒﺗ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺪﻴﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺡﺎﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺰﺗ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌ . ﻭ ﺡﺎﺑﺭﻷﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻪﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻌﻓ ﺩﺭ ﻮﻫ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﳌﺍ ﻝﺎﳘﺇ . ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺐﻌﻠﺗ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺣ ﻞﻀﻓﺃ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺳ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ) ﺔﻌﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﲔﲢ .( ﰲ ﻞﺧﺪﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻭ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﺇ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺷ . ﱵﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻘﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﺐﻨﺠﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﲑﺑﺍﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻼﺟﺁ ﻡﺃ ﻼﺟﺎﻋ ﺙﺪﺤﺘﺳ . ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻠﻄﻨﺗ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﻤﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺿﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺞﺠﳊﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺞﺠﳊﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ،ﺢﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻮﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺘﻳ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﻛ : ﰲ ﺪﺋﺎﺳ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﻻ ﻞﻜﺷ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻝﻮﳛ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﲟ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ .
14 ﻚﻟﺫ ﻥﺎﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻎﻟﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻕﺎﻔﻧﺈﺑ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺕﺩﺮﻔﻧﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻭ ،ﺎ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻊﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻌﺳﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺲﻜﻌﻨﺗ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﺿﺇ ﺎﻔﻠﻛ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﲢ ﲏﻌﻳ ﻕﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻮﻗ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻗﻮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﻠﺳ ﺲﻜﻌﻨﺗ . ﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﱪﳋﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﻭﺪﳏ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﻣ ﰲ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﺣﺎﺘﳌ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﺽﺮﺘﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ . ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﺔﻗﺎﻃ ﻑﱰﺘﺴﺗ ﺎﻮﻜﻟ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻒﻌﻀﺗ ،ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺪﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ . ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻰﻘﺒﻳ ﺔﺿﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺪﻳﺆﳌﺍ ﺞﺠﳊﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺾﻐﺑ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﻗ ﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻒﻟﺎﳐ ﰲ . 2 . ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ 26000 : ﻭﺰﻳﻵﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ 26000 ﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﻠﻃﺃ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺩ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻬﻓﺪﻫ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨ 2 ﺀﺎﻄﻋﺇ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻊﻴﲨ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺷﺭﺇ ﻢﻫﺩﻮﻬﺟ ﻢﻋﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﻭ ،ﺹﺎﳋﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﻋﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﻼﻛ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻋﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺓﺪﻳﺍﺰﺘﻣ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻪﺒﻠﻄﺘﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﺏﻮﻠﺳﺄﺑ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻣﺍﺮﻟﺍ . ﻭ ﻳﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻭﺰ " ﻦﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳊﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻣ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺷﺭﻹﺍ ﺀﺍﱪﳋﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻲﳌﺎﻋ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻜﺗﺮﺗ ،ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻜﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻊﺠﺸﺗ ﻭ ،ﱀﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺃ ﻥﻮﻠﺜﳝ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺓﺪﻴﳉﺍ ﻞﻜﻛ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ " 3 . ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟ ﺎﻳﺩﺎﺷﺭﺇ ﻼﻴﻟﺩ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻞﺜﲤ ﻭ . ﺞﻣﺩ ﱃﺇ ﻑﺪ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻂﻄﳋﺍ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻠﻟ . ﺖﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﲟ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺕﺮﻣ ﺪﻗ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻋ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻗﻼﻃﺈﺑ 2010 . 2 ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻲﻫ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻋ ﰲ ﺖﺴﺳﺄﺗ ،ﺢﺑﺮﻠﻟ ﻑﺪ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﲑﻏ 1947 ﻊﺿﻭﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﺕﻻﺎﺍ ﱴﺷ ﰲ ﻲﳌﺎﻋ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﳋﺍﻭ ﻊﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﲡ ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺗ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺎ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺢﻨﻣﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﻻﺍﻭ ﺲﺳﻷﺍﻭ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ . 3
15 2.1 . ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﺩﻮﻨﺑ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﺸﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺎﶈﺍ 26000 : ﻭﺰﻳﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﻳ 26000 ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻄﻐﺗ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻊﺒﺳ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ : ﺔﻴﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﻮﳊﺍ : ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﻭ ﱪﺘﻌﻳﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﺇ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗﻭ ﻢﺍﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺫﺎﲣﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﺨﺘﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﲣﻻ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻪﻧﻷ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﺱﺎﺳﻷﺍ . ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ : ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﰲ ﺎﲟ ﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﲨ ﺎﻬﻘﺤﺘﺴﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﻲﻫﻭ ﳊﺍﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺷﺇ ﻚﻠﺗﻭ ،ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺮ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﺬﻐﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ . ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍ : ﻪﻠﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺪﺟﻭ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﱃﺇ ﻑﺪ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ . ﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻔﻇﻮﻣﻭ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺗ ﺔﻴﻟ . ﲔﻌﺘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ : ﺭﺍﻮﳊﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﻤﳊﺍﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻣﻼﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ . ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ : ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﲢ ﻩﺬﳍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺞ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺤﻠﻟ ﹰﺍﺪﻬﺟ ﻝﺬﺒﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺛﻵﺍ ﰲ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌﺍ ) ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﲑﻏﻭ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ( ﺐﻧﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻄﺸﻧﺃﻭ ﺎﺍﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﺛﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ . ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﳑ : ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻢﻼﻣﺎﻌﻣﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺩﻮﻌﺗ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ . ﺎﺎﻗﻼﻌﺑ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﲑﺸﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﳚﺇ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ . ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﺸﺗﻭ : ،ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ،ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ،ﺔﻟﻮﺌﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﳌﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍﻭ . ﻚﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗ :
16 ﻢﻬﻫﺎﲡ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺀﻼﻤﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﲔﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﳋﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﻡﺪﻘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ . ،ﺞﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ ﻒﻴﻘﺜﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻞﻤﺸﺗﻭ ﺀﺎﻄﻋﺇ ،ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺩﺎﺷﺭﺇ ﺕﺍ ،ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻣﺍﺪﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ،ﺓﺪﻴﻔﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳚﻭﺮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺷ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻠﻟ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣﺇ ﺢﻴﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺪﳋﺍﻭ . ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺗﻭ ﻙﺍﺮﺷﺇ : ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲑﺛﺄﺗﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺎﳍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ . ﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻗﻼﻌ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻨﺗ ﰲ ﺔﳘﺎﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺍ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺸﳌﺍ . ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﺟ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺍ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﻼﻛ ﺔﻣﺍﺪﺘﺴﳌﺍ . 2.2 . ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ 26000 ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ : ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ 26000 ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ) ،ﻡﺪﻘﻣ 2012 ﺹ ، -ﺹ : 8 -9 :( ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ : • ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ ﰲ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺎﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺔﺒﻃﺎﳐ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧﻻﺍ . • ﻭ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻌﲡ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﲑﻓﻮﺗ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺗ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﺮﻳﺭﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺍﺪﺼﻣ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ . • ﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺘﻟ . • ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻠﻟ ﺎﻬﺒﺳﺎﻜﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﳘﺄﺑ ﺲﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺄﺑ ﻲﻋﻮﻟﺍ ﺮﺸﻧ . • ﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﺎﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺪﻴﺣﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﻘﺣ ﰲ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﺮﺘﺸﳌﺍ ﻞﻤ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻞﺛﺎﻤﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻴﻘﺗ ﻞﻬﺴﻴﻟ . ﻱﻮﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ : • ﻭ ،ﺔﻣﺍﺪﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻌﺟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﳊﺍ ﻧﻹﺍ ﻥﺎﺴ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﻭ : ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻭ .
17 • ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌ ﻞﻴﺻﺃ ﻥﻮﻜﻤﻛ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗ ﻞﻛ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ . • ﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻬﳎﺩ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺮﺸﻧ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻘﺜﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ . ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺄﺑ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ : • ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻌﻣ ﲔﻧﻭﺎﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﺴﲢ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﺒﺘﳌﺍ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻦﻋ ﻪﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﲔﻓﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻙﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﲔﺑ ﺭﺍﻮﺣ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻝﻼﺧ . • ﰲ ،ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺴﲢ ﻭ ،ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻮﳌﺍ ﻭ ﲔﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻭ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻕﻮﻘﲝ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻞﻛ ﺩﻮﻬﺟ ﻒﺗﺎﻜﺘﺗ ﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺬﻟﺍ ﻦﺴﺤﺘﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﻷﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ . • ﻡﺪﻋ ﻝﺎﳘﺇ ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﺤﻨﲤ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺗﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﰲ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻖﺣ ﰲ ﺔﳘﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻭ ،ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌ ﺕﺎﺒﳍﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺢﻨﻣ ﻭ ،ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﺎﳍﺎﻜﺷﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﺑ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ . ﻣ ﻒﻴﻔﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﳚ ﺔﺛﻮﻠﻣ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻥﺎﻓ ،ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﺒﺗ ﻞﻤﲢ ﺓﺪﺣ ﻦ ﻪﻳﺩﺎﻔﺗ ﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﻠﺳ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻧﺄﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺐﻨﲡ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﳏ ﻊﻣ ،ﺙﻮﻠﺘﻟﺍ . 3 . ﻭﺰﻳﻻﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻞﻴﻗﺍﺮﻋ ﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ 26000 ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ : 3.1 . ﻗﺍﻭ ﻊ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺏﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻱﺮﺋ : 3.1.1 . ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ : ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﺑ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ،ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻝﺎﺣ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ 4 . ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ . ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﳎ ﻞﴰ ﺚﻴﲝ 4 ﺮﻈﻧﺍ ﺪﻳﺰﻤﻠﻟ : ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﺔﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻣ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺗ ،ﺔﺒﻴﻫﻭ ﻡﺪﻘﻣ : ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺭ ،ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺏﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﻩﺍﺭﻮﺘﻛﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻫﻭ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻗ ﺶﻗﺎﻨﺗ 2013 .
18 ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﻮﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﻠﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻧﺪﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻭ ،ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺏﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻭ ﺾﻌﺑ ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﰎ ﺪﻗ ﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻭ ﻊﺒﺳ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺏﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻭ ﻦﻣ ) ،ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻠﻏ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻤﻠﺗ ،ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻠﺑ ﻱﺪﻴﺳ ،ﺕﺭﺎﻴﺗ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻫﻭ ،ﱎﺎﻐﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻜﺴﻌﻣ ( ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺖﻐﻠﺑ ﻭ ، 110 ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ . ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﰎ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﱃﺇ ﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔ. ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﺃ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺎﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌ ﺎﻬﺘﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻮﳓ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺗ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ . ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﰎ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟ . ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 1 :( ﺐﺴﲝ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ : ﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻢﺠﳊﺍ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺩﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﺌﳌﺍ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﺓﲑﺒﻛ 22 20.00 ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ 79 71.81 ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﺓﲑﻐﺻ 09 8.18 ﺩﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻜﻟﺍ 110 100 ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻣ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ 62 56.36 ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻤﻋ 47 42.72 ﺔﻄﻠﺘﳐ 01 0.90 ﺩﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻜﻟﺍ 110 100 ﺮﻤﻋ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﻗﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻳ ﺲﲬ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺳ 02 1.81 ﻦﻣ ﺖﺳ ﱃﺇ ﺮﺸﻋ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺳ 41 37.27 ﱪﻛﺃ ﺎﻣﺎﲤ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺸﻋ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺳ 67 60.90 ﺩﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻜﻟﺍ 110 100
19 ﲑﺒﻛ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻭ ،ﻢﺠﳊﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻲﻫ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻢﻈﻌﻣ ﻥﺃ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ﺮﻬﻈﻳ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻣﺎﲤ ﱪﻛﺍ ﺎﻬﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻬﺒﻠﻏﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺹﺎﳋﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻘﻠﻟ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻜﻠﻣ ﺩﻮﻌﺗ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ 10 ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺳ . 3.1.2 . ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ : ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻢﻴﻘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺴﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ﲔﺒﻳ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻞﻛ . ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ) 2 :( ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺴﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺭﻭﺎﶈﺍ ) ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻔﻟﺍ ( ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﰊﺎﺴﳊﺍ ﻩﺎﲡﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﲔﳘﺎﺴﳌﺍ 4 ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺓﺪﻴﺟ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ 3.85 ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ 2.57 ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺔﻔﻴﻌﺿ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ 3 ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻮﳌﺍ 3.75 ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﲔﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ 4 ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺓﺪﻴﺟ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﰊﺎﺴﳊﺍ ﻲﻠﻜﻟﺍ 3.52 ﻲﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﰊﺎﺴﳊﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﲔﺒﺗ ) 3.52 ( ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺃ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ . ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻞﻛ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻣﺃ ﻞﻛ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺎﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺱﺭﺎﲤ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻆﺣﻼﻨﻓ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﻣ
20 ﻦﻣ : ﲔﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻭ ﲔﳘﺎﺴﳌﺍ . ﺎﻔﻗﻮﻣ ﺬﺨﺘﺗ ﲔﺣ ﰲ ﻭ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺎﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺍﺪﻳﺎﳏ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻮﳌﺍ ) ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ .( ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺎﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺱﺭﺎﲤ ﻻ ﻭ . ﻥﺫﺇ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺏﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﻮﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﺴﻜﻋ ﲡ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺎﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺱﺭﺎﲤ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻦﺋﺎﺑﺰﻟﺍ ﻭ ﲔﳘﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻩﺎ / ﲔﺣ ﰲ ،ﲔﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻮﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﱏﺩﻷﺍ ﺪﳊﺍ ﺱﺭﺎﲤ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺓﺪﻋ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﳍ ﻞﻔﻜﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﱏﺩﻷﺍ ﺪﳊﺎﺑ ﺪﺼﻘﻧ ﻢﻬﻫﺎﲡ ﺎﻬﻳﺩﺆﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﺟﻮﺘﻳ . ﺪﻛﺆﻳ ﺎﳑ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﳌﺎﺑ ﻭ ﳕﺇ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﻞﺧﺪﺗ ﻻ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﺴﻣ ﺖﲢ ﺎﻬﺟﺎﻣﺩﺇ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ . ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﺳﺭﺎﲤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺃ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﺎﻨﻈﺣﻻ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻘﲝ ﻰﻈﳛ ﻥﺃ ﺐﳚ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺡﻮﺿﻮﺑ ﺲﻜﻌﻳ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻡﻭﺮﳏ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻮﻫ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ . ،ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺪﻗ ﱪﻛﺄﺑ ﻙﻼﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻮﳘﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻰﻈﳛ ﲔﺣ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﳊﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﻤﲝ ﲎﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺒﺴﻧ ﻞﻘﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻫﺎﲡ . ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺓﲑﺜﻜﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻗﺍﺮﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻤﺘﺣ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻲﻫ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻛﺆﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻭ ﻲﺿﺮﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺎﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ . ﻩﺬﻫ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻌﻟ ﻭ ﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﳌﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﻌﻧﺍ ﻞﻴﻗﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﻞﻳﻮﻤﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻓﺎ . ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﲑﻴﻐﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﳚﺇ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﰲ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﳏ ﱃﺇ ﻊﻓﺪﻳ ،ﺍﺬﻫ ﻝﺎﳊﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻥﺇ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻨﺗﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﺱﺮﻏ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﳏ ﻭ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ . 3.1.3 . ﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻒﻌﺿ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﺃ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ :
21 ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻗﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺎﻬﳘﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ : ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺐﻠﻏﺃ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻟ ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺘﻟ ﺔﻣﺯﻼﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ . ﺰﺋﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺠﺸﺗ ﺰﻓﺍﻮﺣ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﻻ ﻭ ،ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬ ﲎﻌﺗ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ﻱﺃ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻟ ﺮﺷﺆﻣ ﻱﺃ ﺐﻴﻐﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺠﺸﺘﻟﺍ . ﻭ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﰲ ﻒﻌﺿ ﺏﺮﻬﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺭﺎﳏ ﻭ ،ﺓﻮﺷﺮﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻴﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﻭ ﱯﻳﺮﻀﻟﺍ . ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻛ ﰲ ﺮﻫﺍﻮﻈﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻲﺸﻔﺗ ﱃﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﳑ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ . ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻖﳊ ﺎﳍﺎﳘﺇ ﻭ ،ﲑﺒﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﻱﲑﳋﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﺺﻗﺎﻨﺗ ﺎﺎﳘﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﰲ . ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﺘﻬﻳ ﻑﺮﻃ ﱪﻛﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺎﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ . ﰲ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ ﻱﻷ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ . ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻋﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻱﲑﳋﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻝﺍﻮﺣﻷﺍ ﻦﺴﺣﺃ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻲﻔﺘﻜﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﺘﻓ . ﺔﻠﻗ ﻭ ،ﻥﻮﺑﺰﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻏﺭ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﳊ ﻝﺎﳘﺇ ﺪﳒ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻒﻌﺿ ﰲ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻘﻟ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺪﻧ ﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﲑﳋﺍ . ﻡﺎﻋ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﳘﺎﺴﻣ ﻞﻘﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ . ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻢﻈﻌﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺮﻳﺭﺎﻘﺗ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺭﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ . ﺎ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻊﻴﺿﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻋ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺭﺩﺎﻧ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﻲﻣﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ . ﻭ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﰲ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﺐﻴﻐﻳ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻣ ﲑﻏ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺒﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻌﳚ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺓﺮﻓﻮﺘ . ﲔﺑ ﻖﻴﺴﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ : ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ،ﺹﺎﳋﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ،ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻮﳓ ﻪﺠﺘﺗ ﻻ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻌﳚ ﺎﳑ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﺎﳍ ﻂﻄﳐ ﺔﻳﻮﻤﻨﺗ .
22 ﲑﺜﻛ ﻦﻋ ﻝﺯﺎﻨﺘﻠﻟ ﻥﻮﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﻄﻀﻳ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻗ ﻊﻣ ﻭ ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺸﺘﻔﻣ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﻢﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﺐﺻﺎﻨﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻗﻮﻘﺣ ﻦﻣ . ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﺮﻔﻟ ﺎﺳﻮﻤﻠﻣ ﺎﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﻆﺣﻼﻧ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻚﻠﺘﲤ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﻡﻷﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺠﻬﺘﻨﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﺟ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻝﺎﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺓﲑﺒﻛ ﺓﱪﺧ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ . ﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻙﺭﺎﺸﺗ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺓﺪﺋﺎﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﺑ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺟﻷ ﺎﻣ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﻦﻜﻟ ،ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﺠﻛ ﺱﺭﺎﲤ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﻄﺧ ﰲ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻭ ﺎﺭﻮﺻ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﳊﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻬﻓﺪﻫ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ . 3.2 . ﺒﺗ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺩﻮﻬﺟ ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﲏ 26000 ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ : ﺔﻨﺳ ﺬﻨﻣ ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﰲ ﺍﻮﻀﻋ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ 1976 ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻗﺩﺎﺼﳌﺎﺑ ﺖﻣﺎﻗ ﺎﻤﻛ ، ﻭﺰﻳﺍ 26000 ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓﺇ ﻝﺎﴰﻭ ﻂﺳﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﲟ ﻞﺋﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ، ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺖﻨﺒﺗ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﲏﻃﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﻖﻠﻃﺃ ﻢﺳﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ) ﺭﺁ . ﺎﻨﻴﻣ ﺱﺁ ) ( ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌ ﻕﺮﺸ ﻂﺳﻭﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﴰﻭ ﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓﺇ ( ﻦﻣ ﺪﺘﲤ ﻭ 2012 ﱃﺍ 2014 ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺑ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﲦ : ﻭ ﺮﺼﻣﻭ ﺲﻧﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺏﺮﻐﳌﺍﻭ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺸﺗ ﻭ ،ﻕﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻟ ﻭ ﺎﻳﺭﻮﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻔﺘﺴﺘﺳ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﻛﻮﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺲﻴﻴﻘﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ 114 ﺞﻣﺎﻧﱪﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺲﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﺟ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ . " ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﻣ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﳌﺍ ﻲﻔﻓ ) ﺭﺃ . ﺎﻨﻴﻣ ﺱﺁ ( ﺮﻬﺷ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﰎ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻱﺎﻣ 2011 ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﳌ ﲏﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺰﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ،ﱪﻤﺴﻳﺩ ﰲ ﺖﻠﻤﻜﺘﺳﺍﻭ ) ﺱﺍﺩﺮﻣﻮﺑ ( ﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﺣﻭﻭ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﺠﻠﻟ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﲑﺒﺼﺘ ) ﺔﺒﻳﻭﺭ .( ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺪﻬﻌﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻗ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﱪﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﻭ ﺔﻨﺳ ﰲ ﺲﻴﻴﻘﺘﻠﻟ 2012 ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﱪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻊﺑﺭﺃ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺎﺑ ﺲﻴﻴﻘﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﲤ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺳ ﺙﻼﺛ ﺓﺪﳌ ) ﻭﺰﻳﺇ 26000 ( ، ﻭ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ 15 ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻉﺮﻓ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﺑ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳﻭ ،ﲔﻋﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺖﺤﺷﺮﺗ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ
23 ﺭﻭﺪﻧﻮﻛ ﻊﻤﳎﻭ ﺔﻳﺎﲜ ﻝﺎﺘﻴﻔﻴﺳ ،ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺗﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ،ﻙﺍﺮﻃﺎﻧﻮﺴﻟ ) ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺻ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺷ ﺙﻼﺛ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﳋﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﰲ ﺔﻄﺷﺎﻧ ﺔﻛﺮﺷ .( ﺹﻮﺼﲞﻭ 2013 ﻗ ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﻱﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻐﺷﻷﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﻦﻣ ﲔﺘﻛﺮﺷ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ، ﻲ ﻝﺎﻐﺷﻷ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻐﺷﻸﻟ ﺭﺍﺪﻴﺳﻮﻛ ﺎﳘﻭ ،ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﲰ ﻞﺜﻣ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻭ ،ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﲔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻛﻭ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﰲ . ﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻑﺪﻬﻳﻭ ﲔﺴﲢ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﲤ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﻴﻔﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﲔﻜﲤ ﱃﺇ ﱯﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﱪ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﱪﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻝﺎﻤﻜﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻌﺑﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻴﻣ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻭﺰﻳﺇ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﳌ ﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺎﺎﺑﺎﺴﳊ ﻖﻳﺪﺼﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﲢ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺪﻴﻔﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ 26000 ، ﺮﺷﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﻭﻼﻋﻭ ﻂﺳﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﲞ ﺎﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﺴﲢ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺮﳌ ﲔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﺟ ﺀﺍﱪﳋ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ ﻡﺰﺘﻌﺗ ﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓﺃ ﻝﺎﴰﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺍ ﺎﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ 5 ". ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺰﻛﺮﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﻛﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﹼﻞﻛ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻒﻴﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺮﻴﺴﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗﻭ ) ﻭﺰﻳﺃ 26000 ( ﺭﻮﻛﺬﳌﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﱪﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ . 5 ﻮﻣ ،ﻦﻳﻻ ﻥﻭﺃ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻊﻗ 2012 . www.eldjazaironline.net
24 ﲤﺎﳋﺍ ـ ﺔ : ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺕﺎﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﲏﺒﺗ 26000 ،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﳘﺄﺑ ﺔﺨﺳﺍﺭ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﻗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﱃﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﳛ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﺼﻠﺧ ﺪﻗ ﻭ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﺸﻧ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ : ﺝﺎﺘﲢ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻝﺍﺰﺗ ﺎﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟ ﺩﻮﻬﳉﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻜﻟﺍ . ﻦﺴﺣ ﻯﺪﲟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺎﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﲟ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻳ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﲑﻴﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺀﻮﺳ ﻞﻇ ﻲﻔﻓ ،ﻡﺎﻋ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻨﻃﺍﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻻ . ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻭﺰﻳﻻﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﻡﺪﻘﺗ . ﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺷﺭﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻤ ﲔﻴﻨﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﺗ ﱴﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻠﻟ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﺗ ﺎﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺎ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻊﻴﺿﺍﻮﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﻵﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﲡﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻝﺎﺧﺩﺇ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﻛ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍﻭ . ﻭﺰﻳﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳ 26000 ﺟﺍ ﺔﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺏﻮﻠﺳﺄﺑ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻳ ﻭ ،ﺔﻣﺍﺪﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ ﱯﻠﻳ ﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻟ ﻊﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﻘﳛ ﺎﲟ ،ﻞﻀﻓﺃ ﻭﺰﻳﻷﺍ 26000 ﺔﺒﺟﺍﻭ ﺖﺴﻴﻟﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻃ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺷﺭﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ . ﻭﺃ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺺﻴﺧﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻏﻷ ﺎ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﻻ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﻲﻫ ﻭﺰﻳﻻﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺮﺑﻹ ﻻ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻛﺮﻤﳉﺍ ﲑﻏ ﻖﺋﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﺎﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺩﻮﻘﻋ ﻱﺃ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻠﻟ ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ . ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻲﻫ ﻞﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺷﺭﺇ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﲔﺴﺤﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ . ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﻑﺪ 26000 ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﲔﺴﲢﻭ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗﻭ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺇﻭ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛﻭ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻦﺴﺣ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﱀﺎﺼﳌﺍ . ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ 26000 ﺔﺟﺭﺩﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺇﻭ ﺞﻳﺮﲣﻭ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻤﻬﻔﳌ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ . ﱵﻟﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺀﺎﺟ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺪﻗ ﻰﺼﻗﺃ ﺯﺰﻌﻳﻭ ﻊﺠﺸﻳ ﺔ .
25 ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻊﻴﲨ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺎﺴﻴﺋﺭ ﺎﻌﺟﺮﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻞﺜﲤ ﻮﳓ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﳘﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﲟ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺲﻴﺳﺄﺘﻠﻟ ﺎﻬﳎﺍﺮﺑﻭ ﺎﺎﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺍ ﺔﻣﺪﳋﺍ . ﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲔﺴﺤﺘﻟ ﺔﺤﻠﳌﺍ ﺔﺟﺎﳊ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﲏﺒﺘﻟ ﺔﻠﻫﺆﻣ ﲑﻏ ﻝﺍﺰﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺎﻬﺒﻠﻏﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ 26000 ﻭ ، ﻭ ﻝﺎﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﱪﺧ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻭ ﱄﺎﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﺋﺍﺩﺃ ﻒﻌﺿ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻔﻌﺿ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻤﺍ ﻭ ،ﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﲑﻴﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﳊﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻛﺎ ﺎﻣﺃ ،ﻱﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﺐﺴﻜﳌﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﺎﻋﺎﻄﻗ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﻷﺍ ﲔﺣ ﻝﺇ ﺔﻠﺟﺆﻣ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﲑﻏ . ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺔﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﲏﺒﺗ ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﰐﺄﻳ 26000 ﺎ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻬﳉﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻛﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺲﻴﻴﻘﺘﻠﻟ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺪﻬﻌﳌﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﺓﺮﻳﺎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻣ ) : ﻕﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻂﺳﻭﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﴰﻭ ﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓﺇ ( ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ، ﻝﺎﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺕﺍﻮﻄﳋﺍ ﱃﻭﺄﻛ .
