Title: “C” !
How to cite this article: Martor 2002, 7.
Published by: Editura MARTOR (MARTOR Publishing House), Muzeul Ţăranului Român (The Museum of the Romanian Peasant)
URL: http://martor.muzeultaranuluiroman.ro/archive/martor-7-2002/
Martor (The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Journal) is a peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1996, with a focus on cultural and visual anthropology, ethnology, museum studies and the dialogue among these disciplines. Martor Journal is published by the Museum of the Romanian Peasant. Interdisciplinary and international in scope, it provides a rich content at the highest academic and editorial standards for academic and non-academic readership. Any use aside from these purposes and without mentioning the source of the article(s) is prohibited and will be considered an infringement of copyright.
Martor (Revue d’Anthropologie du Musée du Paysan Roumain) est un journal académique en système peer-review fondé en 1996, qui se concentre sur l’anthropologie visuelle et culturelle, l’ethnologie, la muséologie et sur le dialogue entre ces disciplines. La revue Martor est publiée par le Musée du Paysan Roumain. Son aspiration est de généraliser l’accès vers un riche contenu au plus haut niveau du point de vue académique et éditorial pour des objectifs scientifiques, éducatifs et informationnels. Toute utilisation au-delà de ces buts et sans mentionner la source des articles est interdite et sera considérée une violation des droits de l’auteur.
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CAN
I rr· 1n (· 11il 1('f' tiH·r (· w!'f' r "0 11 11· 10 11 1!· 1011 !!
,.; heh·1·,.;. and a,; lo ul! as th e :- helve;; W(' rr· th e row,;
or
ca 11,.; with lwclff,; and bacon. whi ch th e work ers""''d to eat ll'itl1 '' 11r·w,;p<qw r a;; a uihl <'c lotli d11r- i11 i' t lH·ir lun !' li hr f'a k .. So 111t·tlii11 i' <1'1 ,;o lut c h
<1111'1 11. 11 !1ici1 11 01'111 <1 1 l11flll <l ll !will /! l'\l llid IWI 1' 0·""ihh 1·at. \\ (' co uld l'i11d ,;()IJH ' \ i('t lf<1fll(' ,;(' ,d 1ri111p,. 11 lii cl1 11·<·n· f': ITat . Tlw,;c· u,;i 1<1 ll 1· 01 ·<·u- pir'd <1 diffnc 111 slwll'.
l
11d crn ca tli . yo u l'ou 11d jH' <1('l1 and apri co t co mp ote. Th ey a ll loo l«' d mvl'11I . pPo pl r sa id thf':· we re made in lar::i:c ··!Jatli!uh,(' <lll d it was 1'xactl v li ow th o"r 1«1ts loo k!'d lik\ · <ll t l11· fact OI'\ . 0 11 tii (' o1ii l'I' sid e of tiJ !' ."lwh1·s. ;11 ·tualh· a ,;ort ol' ,.d1 op 11i11cl rllls. tl 1t· 1T 11<1s till' liqu <ll' dq Ja rll11 e111 wlwr<' \\'!' ('Ou ld l'i11d : dri11b . like ,;o ur rlwrrv ":' rup . 01· rasp- l)(' rrl'
.-;y rnp
(T l!(' r(' ll'l'l'C so 11w ,;(;111' i11 tlw p<1rb tl1e1 t liad a cielilT 11lii cli ('0111b i11 cd SlH ia with tl1is :<: rnp <lllcl Ill' l'llulcl dri11k a >'O rt of hl'l'l'l'<lf!<' i11 tl1 (· p<1rk. ) Tli n<· 11;1 ,; 11i111·. 11hid1 11a,; sa id lo lw 111 <1d1 · ol' sl i1 !' r,.;. a11cl rn ,;1 19 l1 ·i (i t 11 a,; 11 ;11111 ·il :-;1i11· rini ) a1HI tlinc al.-o 11 as plu111 h1«111 d:·: ·"i\rn Plu111 s .. o r ··l)oh ri11 's Tlin <· a l'n ll'as 131·'\\ . ··1m111rh· l'rrn11 ll'i11 c··. 11 liid1 was tli l' 111 0,; t ;1111'ul or tli r· u1 ,i1 1. Ft1rr lv could\\'(' l'i11d do uhlv rdi11 r d ;1ko li o l. whi l' li th e alco li o li ('sa11cl liltnf' d. (I l1I·)
CANTEEN
\\ 1· 111 ·1T m·1·r I() ()() ' tud1' 11 ts di11i111! i11 <1 (·;111- t1 ·1·11 ol :.'. .)I) pla c1·s. \\ (' li <1cl cla,;,;('' <1t ,;c lwol l'ro111 1·i11-lit i11 1'1 f' 111 o r11i11 u till <' iolit i11 tli 1' evrni11t'"' - t" r 11 • r 11 it l1 <111 hour lu11 cli brea k. \\ ·1, li ad to 11 ait i11 :111
c
f'llO l'lll Oll " ijlll 'lll' :'0 tl1<1l Ill ' !'01 1iiJ 11<111 · l111 wl1 a11d . vo u ca 11 i1 11<1f'i 1w. i11 <111 lirn1r I did 11111 .!.!:1 '1 111 llH' P<1 li11 g jl<il'l. lk('<l ll S! ' of tl1<1t. \lir1 •1• il<11' i11 <I wC'ek. I did 11 ot k 11 (' lt111 1·l1 . 1)('1«111,1· I did 11111 lrnw tl H' cli a rH·e. a llcl tl1 (· otli n tli1T1 · da" I did 11 ot l1<111r' clilll l(' r li('!'<I USl' I l'i11i ,- ii C' cl tlw 1·la,;.;1·, <11 1'il!lit 0'1 ·lo!' k. <ll HI till' 1"<1111 1·1·11 """ 1·!1J,1 ·rl al tli<11 ho11r. \\ 1· 11 ould ,;i·ll our di111wr 1·:11"11. 111'1·<111 ,;1· till' food \\ 'cl" If()( tli<il f' l'l'<il lnrl 1111'\ \\ Olliil I 111'1-k llj l Oil us . Tl11· pf' rso11 i11 !''1<1 rg1 · 11 itl1 tlw li 11s11 ·I would U:' 11 all v cii C'l' k. \\ 1· li atl l o l1·t 1·1 nrn 111 · know heca us<' f'Ve rvbo d:· 11as cx p1·1·1l'tl to pr(',;1 ·11 1 tl w ca rd with Iii .; na111 r 0 11. w1 ' kil l' \\ tli<1t tlwn ' wa s a co 11trol. w1· cli s<1 j>p<·arf' tl i11 011r li (l,;- 11·1. (i. C. .. 167 )
,\1 Co tr(ll'Cr1 i <1t 11l1 1·ri · tlw l11 , 1i t1111 · Il l .'\po rts i, fi ll\\'. tl1 \' l'o O\ I 11<1 s all rig ht. \ 11d :rt 11i111 · o· clock 11 lw ll tl w 1·<111L1·1 ·11 !'!o,1·d . till' l;1.;I s111 - d1· 11t s tl 1e1t f"<lill l' idlf' ll tlr<ll tl11 ·1 11r111ltl µrt liw t ' \ · rTss ol !'one!. ,\11cl tl1 <'\' n 1111 1·. tlll'1' q111 ·1w1I. i1 11 :1:"
:1 l'r<' tl1 ord1· 1Td q111 ·111 ·. \ 1'11 ·r !11 1'1 1·lo,1 ·d. 11111 ·,.
tlw 011 1·s 11 itl1 c:1nl ,; l1<1cl 1·;1 t1·11 . <11! 1'1t · lllll cl tl 1<1l 11<1." idt \\<IS gi1 1·11 10 1111' J'f ' :'l ol tl1 1· 111. 11 1 ;di tl1<1 I
lj ll \'li('. O I J(' f'OU !d S('I ' <II l'i11· II! 11i1ll' 111111 '" "' 1·;111tr·r· 11 ,;ta rll'd l<'<· 111i11g 11itl1 jll'Oj>lt ·. H11 1J 1111 l(J p('() pl <'. (I. II .. S. H.-13.. U:.'. )
CAP
\Vo111 e11 . 11 1f·11 <11 Hl l'i1ildrl'll 11 01T tlw Hus.-i ;111 fur ca p. It li acl that j>l'Ol<'r·tr ·d till' 1·<1 r,. till' lord1 ca rl and tl1 f' nape ol' cu lcl . Tlw i{o11w11i ;111 (J ff l'S W(' I'(' 111 adt' ol' la111l i 1'11r. T lw n11,s i:111 l<l!'i - a11t.; 1·rn1trihu11·d to tlw ,; r)(' i<il .; J1«11il'i1 -.1ti1J11 ol'1'11 · () ff ('S 11'1 0 \\'(J I'(' tii f' lll: till' U!ld l' l'j>l'il iil 'f'l 'd 11 01·1·
1·aps 111a1k ol rnhhit l'u '" th1·11 tlll'r1· 111'1'1 ' 1 '11 ·
\/11rl or. \ 11 - l OOl . Tiu· 1·i :..d1ti1·s i11 lltlt'h an·:;I
01w, 11c ·;i 1·i11µ 11 ut1·i;1. otln . lo\. 11011 a11d 111i11 k l11r.
Tl1 " pric"I' ol <1 ll 11 ,;,-i a 11 ('<f Jl llO uµ: lit 011 a11 <l!'- 11 11ai 11t ;111( ·c · ,;1,;tc· 11 1. ""' ,0 1111·11li l'I'( ' 11\'l ll\ 'l' ll li ,il l iii li lt' 1111Hl1 '.-t ,,iJ ;in <1 11d 111 0 11r th rc'I' ,a la1·ic ·,- . Tlw 111 111·i, 1, 11110 111·11t !1 11 0 . \ .T. tr ip, 011 1111 , i- lli'" 11 11 1ilil l11·i11µ 1·;i p, . \ ta (" (' rla i1 1 111 1H 111· 11t.
11 011 11 ·11 pn ·lr·rn ·d tl w 11 hi Le ' o r ."ih c· r lw. ('<lp ;111d
<·oll ar. T l1t·,c · !'<1 11 1<' l'ro 111 l1ol;111d. ll\· ill ic it tra de·
m ute ·,-. 111 \l a 111 aia. 011 tl H' 1111di ,. t,( lwac li . I ,;mr 110 111 c·11 111! 0 11 01ild lc'a r Jl o Ji,;li l11r cap ,; l' ro 111 l'<l!"li otlw r·., h<111t k
\\ 111 ·11 i1 .-11 011!'d. 11 0 1111 ·1 1 11 01 ild l' n·q11 !·1 1th c·c111·1· 1J11 ·"· !'<IJ "' · r· o11"i d1·rl' d <Il l r' \ j)(' ll ,- i1 I' ( l11tl11 ·, i1rn1. 11 i1l1 pl;i,- Li!' k 1µ:,. ( 111 )
C.-\
HO L111 lllfl' or 1111 · 11iµ: l1 t, <ff'() lllld Ll 1ri ,t 111 a,. lb 11
\a -1<1. il11 · rnll 1·C'(rn· a11 d Iii,- 11 il< · 11mil d µ;1tlin ;1 11·11 l1·i1 ·11cl.-. ;ilH11 1I I (I 111' I.) lei ;i ,-, i,. 1, i11 il wi r -1111111111\111, l1()fH '. <11 ll w rit1d ul c·arn l , i11µ: i11 µ:.
T h( · (·ar11 Jn, 11<'1T :0 1111µ: JH·o pl c· rro 111 tl f(' C11 11- , c· n aton. 11 li o 11 ould 11 ot ,- i11µ: 01 1h- tlw 11,;1 1al l '<l l'-
ol.- IJ11t ,iJ,.o old ('arnk l'o lk caro l.-. a11d old l3 1·za 11- 1i11 !' ,;0 11 µ: , d i,-1 ·cJ 1·<'r<' d tl1rou µli ' JH'l' ia li z<·d , 11 1! li1·, . I 11 ."ll!·l1 <1 11 <1t 111 0,; pli n c o l JH! 'c io u' pi1·1 ·1'.-. (·0111hi 1wd i11 ,;u!' li ;1 r<'l'i11 l' d 11·;11". 1w;1r a 1<1 lil1 · tl tl1i 11 k it"" ' a ll !'f!< 'llt'<' -t: I<·) 11111 ol d1 ·li- 1 at 1· !._!1J()(li( ''· 11 1<H if' a11d a1T;111µ:(·d i11 ,; u(' h <1 ,- o- 1il 1 i,ti (·;it1 · 11 1;11 111 1·r h1 <1 111 o th l'l'- i 11- J,111 l' ro 11 1 1 L1 11<1 t. i 11 111 ( · 111 i i1 i1 1 1 • o
r ,.
11 c1 1 d i , t i 11µ:11 i ,. 111 . i1 µ111·,(,. I. ;111d I ;11 11 a rat lwr "!1 ohlii ,; J1 pnm 11 . '"'' ,i11,.o l11 tc ·h il 1· liµ: l11t'il : tl H' 111i,t111·<· IH' t11 <·1· 11 111 1<1! - nn """ lr<1di 1irn 1<il <l1Hi 11 1()( in11 . lwt11 r·! ·11 n ·li- µio11, <111 il 11h;1\1·11· 1· 11<1' ol a ra r!' rn it11r<il qu <ilit v.lwt111·1·11 tilt' ,;p1 ·1 ·1<1f ·11l ar <1 11il 1111' 11at11r;il ,; iil1 · ol th1 · 11 ·<1,1 ' l'('IJll'd !'l'l'<l l lo ll H'. \l <1 1i lt' a lit tl 1· too 11(·11 111 i,-1 ·11-,(·("1w. \ 11 i,- 1<' ol' 1wrl'! Ttio11 . !' llf>11 µ: h l1 1r 0111 · tu dr<lll 011!' ·, hn·atl1. ,-o that tlw 111"\l d<1: . 0111' ('() 1il d r1 111 alio ut i11till' 1· 111pt1 '\or(',; a1Hi 111 ;1rk1·t.-. looki 11µ: fo r <'µ:µ:,; . hulln a11d ll our fo r till' U 11·i,; t111 a" ,; po11µ:c cake.". loo king lor 111 c<1l l'or tl w pi µ: ·, tro ll l' r" (pork jdl: ). \irs . had liad ,r 111 w l1ll' k: <i t il1 1· Co 11 ,;( r11 ('ti o1i,; J11 ,; tit11ll', tlw ll'c-
tu1·er,- <111d tli \· pn 1k""o r,; l1ad cil1·1·a< h n ·1T i1<·d "
l'ro z1· 11 li e11 l'ro111 tl1 \' r·;111t 1·!· 11 lo r till' \1 ·11 ) ear·, (' . (81 )
T Ii <' ii < H ·to r C r ii 11µ: 11 :\ In .. a 11 d r u .. H ro 11 i t k i 11 01ild !..!O 1·;1ro li11!! a11d ,; i11!..!·i11!,! tlH' .S t;ir ,; 011 0 11iti 1
I \ \ r-
t I II' li tt l1· l' liildr1·11. 11 itli Ii i- µ:rn 11d1liildr1·11. Ii i·
11ouitl µ:at lin a 10 1 ol 1·l1ildr1· 11 . Tli1 ·1T 11<1 .- 1111 111·<·d to 111<1k1· a "IH'1·i,d "Si ar ... I It- ;iln ·a! h· l1<1d tl1 l' ' l<1 r 011 a11 u111lin·lla. A11d ill' would l' lo,;1 · till' lllllh1TJJa wJi e11 he f!O( OU[ of" till' a11d OJl C'll it wh C' 11 li e ca111 c i11 , a11cl tlH' IT vo u lrn,·c it - thl·
,; tar . Cr<l mif"atlw r a11d µ:ra11dd1ild1 T 11 ll'ould µ:o rrn 111 l1r111 sc· lo li ou,; P. 11 llf'1r lw k1H·11 tli l'I 11 oul d ill' r1 T!' i11·d propnh . i1 11a ,; 11 011d n l'1111 11 1· <1 l, !1 liad t11 0 µ:i rl ,; lro 111 till' ( .011,r· n ato r1 : lw li ad <1 11
<'\ lrao rdi11 c1 r:· r·a ro l cl1 oir. (il . I' .. I U )
\l n i,;o r had 111 arl f' <1 ,; ta r 011l ol a Cl1 i11 1·,1 · 111 Miii <' µ:a 1111 '. l 11 si1Jr. tl11 · µa1111' tl1n( ' '" "' a ,;tC1r- , li ,qwd pi <'('t' o l !'<11"11. Till' r·;m i 11a,; 1·m·1· 1Td 11 itl1 l'IJ io1·1·d ti11 l'oi l , ;11 1·d 1li ro 11 µ: li o ul 1111 · 1·1·a r <111 1 ardulh k(· 11t l'o r tlw l11 il id m .-. i11 il w U 1ri .-t111 <1, t1"1 ·1·. I 11 111 ild li ;111µ ti11 1"11il "/lir,d d( 't'fl r<1 1i 111 1.- "' ti11,;1 •l. pla1·1·d i11 tlw 111iddl (' o r th 1· , 1;1r
<111 IL<ilia11 111<111µ:1 ·r oi tlw Lord ·, 11irtli. Tl w li ,111·
die or tli !' ,; ta r \\'(I " lllillk flll l
or
<I ll (' llOl' lll lJll ' Czl'c li JH'll<'il COl'l' l'l' d 11ith ti11l'oil. I dr1·,;,,1 ·d tl w d1ildr<' 11 i11 th e ir li o111 t· 111ad1· p<td1Ji.d l' iot h<·,;.\l ni .-o r p11t a 13ul garia11 hat 011. ;111d g;11<· tl11·
l' i1ildn·11 a ,; 111 all li o: iw µ: J'ro111 \L1ra111 1m·, a11d oil 11 <· 111· 11l <·aro li11µ: wit Ii 111 1· "' <1 hod1µ: 11 a rd J,, ._
\'clfl,;f' lhn J'('a r!'d tJ1 ('1' \\'OUJd iw alta ckc· iJ 111 till' . . . littl <· Cv p,; i\'" wh o ,; tol1· l'ro 1u till' (·a rol (-r,. l:ir,;t.
II (' 11·1· 111 to ilw l1 ou,;<· o l· <1 l'ri l'rnl 11 li fl 11 ;1, d1 ·1·11- rnti11µ: llf'r U1ri "t111a ..; ll"l 'I '. \\ 1· 1·1'<T i1 (' d 1111 1, 1·1J1 · 1· rl' d 11 itl1 li o1w1 a11d <tppk s. Tl1t ·11 111· µ:(It t11 till' li 01 l"1':< 011 tl11· l,11tl1na 11 Sin ·<·\: a l'f ill 1·1·to r 11 1 pai 11t i11 µ..;. 111 0 old J;i di 1·,- . Tl w o ld iadi 1·.- li/ 1·, .·wil tli 1· Jl <ll'l ' ll l:< 111! 0 tauµ·h1 tl ll' ir (' li ildri ·11 li 1111 to .-ti 1·k lo tradi tio11 . I 11 11 1ild 11ai 1 l'nr tl f('lll i11 ti ll' .-t rr·1 ·t. i11 l'rri 11l ol tlll' hlu C' k 11 1' lbt, . a 11 d tl11 · litt l(·
C1p ,- i<·,; tl1 at p<ls:'(· rl Ii: 111\' 11 \111id -i11µ 1·;irn l." 111 lll l'. 011 our 11·a1· l1 0111 e. ll' C Il le ( <I gro up o J' :< IL1 - dc11t='. 11 l' ar tli c stud e11L,· li o,;tcl in 11 li o a,; k<·d u..; to ::; i11µ: a l'cw to Lli r 111. •\ ..; 011 1· <·;11 1 ,;r·<·. Lii l' ,;f' IH·d1il l' i111'<'11lr·d ·"I H'!' i<il caro li11µ lor-
' )(}
. ) (I
1111il ;1.-. tln1l <1 1'1' 111ll .•t ri d h o ri <' 111"d L1i11<1rd.- till' l-11111..;1 •. '1 111 t1i11<1 rd .- ti ll' p1· r.;0 11. iri·1 ·."p1·f'l ill· o l' tlw jJla11· 111'/ ."llC' 111i µ: ht l'i11d lii111 ,1· ll/ IJ('r."1· ll': i11 ti ll' •1 ilmav. i11 th r hu ,. i11 tli c t ra 111 o r i11 tl J(' .:tn·1•t. (7)
· I 1v 11 11 ·111 l1n till' 11<11 tl1n l1rn;1d1 ·<1.; t 1·a 1·t11011 .- 1111 T \' . I
r
j . II d." ,i1 .11 i11 µ: 011bi d l' . Il l\ 111 otl1n 11111 il d 1·;1 11 11 11·. IJ1 1t 1'1 1·1 11 1·r1· u1n IH'i'n r<' I M-r i 1 t · d Ii < 1111 '·. T Ii ('\ 11 1 · IT IT <1 . II \' . 11 11 a t t r <I('[ i n· ...
\li ;111 111·I a11d l3a l;11 1l' I o r ' l' hf'I'<' 11 a,; 0111·
tl1i 11µ: th ;1t jl11ZZ l1·d 11 11' <il Hl ut T \ . I d id 11 ' t k11m1 11l1<1t "pa rti ;11i 1 rn l1J11 r .. 11 11·;111 1 lwr·;1u.-1· I li <td ;1 '" "'" ;1 11d II l1 it1 · T \ ,;1•1. (70)
( )111· t'IJt dd ."1'1' 1'<11'100 11 ' Oil I iiJ 1•1J. tiJO."I ' \I ho l1<11 I 11 1w. a nd ;il Hi <It i)o iw1 f' i11 c 111 <1. 11 IJ(' 1·r· tli 1·1 11o ul d :-d1m1 ti ll' l'a 11 10 11 ' i)i , 11 1·1 11101i1·:< - " I() I IJ,tl 11 1<1L ia11, ... " l·L1111 bi". ··T hi' :\r is tocrat C.1t;:'.
\ 1·;1r ti ll' 1·i1 H· 111 ;1. there 11·;1." <1 ' to re· ce1 ll 1·d ··T ii nT litt le ill'111<'. ."l' lli11 µ: µ:oo d,- !o r ( 160)
CL \ LJSESCL
' ( :,·;111,t':'( 'll I i." ilt' d <Ill \l' ril'<J ll t'fll llll r1· <1 11 d 1·;1 111 •" l1<11·k 11itl1 ,1 111 rn 1k1·1. ;11 1d 11'1 1·11 ill' µ:o t oil tl11 · a·ir pl;11 11 '. ,11 1111 · ;1.- k1·d hi111 ii' t ill' 111 1i 11k1·: 11 ;1,;
i .t'il ll<I II iti1 a ill'<l lJt i11 Ji [<JJ I.
( :1·;11 1.-1·."1· 11 111· 111 to 1·i:< it Cl1 i1 1;1. Ii(' µ:o t oil tl1 1' 1il<1 111 ·. l.1·;11 1a .- 111111hl <' d a11d ill' to ld l1 n : ··,11·11- p1 ·1·d1 " l·:1c' n l101 h· L· l<1 ppf·d tl ll' i1· li e1 11 d.•: " I lu rra\' . 11111· 1·11 11 1r<1 d1· l1·;11 l1· r li;1,; j11 ,;t l1·a ri ll' d Iii ,; l'i 1·.-1 U 1i- 111'."I' 11 ord. (I I I )
I 11 ti ll' 81!',-. C1·a 11 ,;1·:<1 ·11 prn 111i ,;1·d to ill' li 1 ll' itl1 11 111 11 1·1 <1Jl(I l'oud ti ll' po pui<1t io11 ol' .. J'f' dna l l11 ·- p1dili1 ·
or
Cn 111 a 11 :·· It \\ <IS Cl \\'('."0 111 (' . (C. \ .. 7)T iwn· 11 a:< a l'il111 hroadca"t 011 7 a bc. It was
111 ;1 i11h- ;1hnut di plo 111 a" a nd about
Iii , <·\ ;1111 al tli 1· 1· 111 1 ol' Iii " li iµ: li .' d1 oo i (iwn·a i<1 11- 1·c·;1t1 ·) 11 li i1 11 11<1:' µ:r<1 11 t1·d i11 l1 iµ:l1 .'1'1100 1. 110. I 0:
"11 .•11111d1·111ia11.-k;1 i;1. (it.- l'or 11 11·r 11;1 11 1(· 11;1,; t ilt' Ll'lltr;tl :-; c·li 11 o i). Oti ll' r i11 1po rl<1 11t politi l';ti p1·r-
•011<tli1 i·1·,; (lik <' \ nd l') 11n1 · ;11.-o µ:r <1 11 1i·d d ipi u- 111;1.- ill that i1i-tit1 1t io11 . Ti ll' l'u 11 111· pa rt i.- ti wt
1'1 1· l'il11 1. ( I do 11111 k111111 111111 111 <1d1· i1 1. -1;1 1,·d c·l1·;11·l_1 tl 1e1t Ill' µ:ot Iii .- d i1ilo111a " •l1 r11'1 ti11lt' 111'- l'on· Iii .- ro ll 1·g1· d ipi o 11 1a. 111 · ri,-k1 ·d lll'rn 111i11µ: ;1 co ll l· 1•c· "T<11 iu atf' hdll rl' ij(' 1rr;1 d1 1<1L1·d tlw lii "·l1 r r r
"c l1 oo l. Thi s i' l11·r·a 11 H· ;til tlii11f:" Wl'r<' lol' .•<'1T1 '1.
a 11 d 0111 1' ll'li c n tl1 1·v Wl' l'I' all o1u' d to look i11111 tl w . .
111 altl'J' d id t l1<·: rli ·r·o 11'1' till' di •ITl 'll<ill l' \. r l Ii )
\\ i11 d id I 111·11· r (!1' to ti w L1·i1·l1r;i ti1i 11 111' 11 1<111 1<1. .. _.\ ta 1·t· rt ;1 i11 111 u 1111· 11t 11111·11 I 11;1,. I tli i11k. in 1111· l'iltli µ:n 1d 1'. tlH·1 1·a111t· to 11 11 ."1·holl l In l'l 't'l' IJit I!.; lor 1'1 1· ( > it-h ratio11
or
ll11111a 11i;i .\\ hilt \It' l1<1t l to d11 \\ i i' Ill !ill till' .;t ;il l, a11d Iii lii1 11d i1· tlll' pl;1\ 1·, 11i tl1 till'1 ·1rl11gi-1i1 · 1·;11 11i11 11- ;1 d- dn ·,;c-1· d Ill till' l1·a rl 1· r.- 111· tli1· 1·1111 1111'1 . (JI 1·1111r.•• '.
c1<· r:·1iii11 µ: 11a,; 1·0 1111' u l..;o r1 . . \ 11·;1r ill'l11r1·. till' .;;111 11· t lii11 µ: li ;1d '1<1jJjll' J11·d 11 it li 111: lm1tlll'r·.- l' la,;"· 11 1· (!li t a11 av lo r Ll 11· 111 1· 1T 1·1·a,1J11 tli ilt ill' 11·orL' µ: la'"'' "· T lll' 11 . 111 ot li n 1·a1 11 1· 11itl 1 till' id1 ·;1 lo im ·o kl' tiJ(' sa 111 r n·;1.-u 11 i11 111 1· f' a,;1· 11·(·11 .
\11d it 110l'k1· rl . -\1 1v11m·. I 11i1." r1·a ll l' d i.•apj111 i111 - f' d. ill'l'<lll .•1· ;ill 1111 r·oll c·;1µ: 111'." li;1d a 1111 111 lnl1il Li111 I' <1 1HI th1'1 k1·p t 11· lli 11µ: stn ri 1·." ;dirn1 1 it 11111µ:.
al'li'r tlii s hap1 11· 1Jl'd . ( I (1( ))
'I rn 1 ,;l 1111 il rl k11 m1 tli.1t t l1t· .-olll'r t1· ;wllt'r.- did 11 ot tak1 · tli i.- \1 1 opi 11ic11 1 i- t '1;11 tl1i- k 1d a jHi, iti11 · l'c·1 ·1il 1<11k. i11 till' "• ' II-'' th at .•1i 1111·
1a li ll' s µ:o t pro 11 1lltl' d . Tiii' a1 lll 1or.- µ:11 11 111 ·1J 111'irn1 tlJ(' i1· 1i1l 111 · a111 I tl1i .- '""a µ:11od tlii1 1g. 111 11 t<1 k1·11 as <111·'10 !1._ ti ll' 1'1·sti 1i1I 11 <1." " i1,-d1. n1 1t tlll'n· li ;1d 111·1• 11 <I 1'1·11 ;.'.OO ii ti1i11 µ:.; li!O . 11 1 ll llr 1'0 11 11 11. l 1Ji - 1·1·a. <1 t!rn 11p 111' d<1 11 1·1'1'." i1·d 111 a 11 11· tl 111d1 il11g i"t l' ro 111 ti ll' r·1ilt 11r1· ;111d 1·d 111';1t i11 11 1'1' 11 11·1· iii tilt' 1·01 111ll'. 11·!1 0 liad 111·1·11 ;il1rna d 11 1<111 \' ti111t ·.-, 1·11• 11 . . wo 11 tli l' Bi!! Priz(' al l·J1·,;. -\11d i>r i1iµ: ill' to ri l1 ·
dt· la 1\1 ic ulit f' I (t l1 r .\i n ili ll' I \i (! li t i11 µ:a l1·s ), ;1 1·hoir
or
lraditi o11<1I folk 11 111." i('. I t';JIJJllJ[ l'\ jJl.1i 11 to 111 \,;f' ll 11 11\'. I tlii11 k 111 a1·I)(' !11·1 ·;111 ,-1· 11 1· ,di till'' .
11·i111' t!J ;it \Id." tl li'r(' . \\ ii." l'\{r;1on li11<JI'\ . ()i ll' 1if t Ii '' I Iiµ: Ii l i 11µ:-; tl ' '" II ii" 11 1;1;c11iIiI 'I' 111. <111 1111-1 ·I11IIIi1 ·d .-o l' ra1111111 i1'I' . . i11,1 11it i1 L r11I-- µ:ilt. 11;1, .il 1, 11 l1111 ·- l1 d i1 i Ii('. ( I. I 1 .. I ).
CE.\SO BSll LP
( .1·11-111,liip ,·,1 ·r1 ·i.-. ·d i11 di1"11·r1 ·11t do111 a i11:':
111ili1<1n . 1'1Tl1·,i;1 -ti 1·;il . ;11·ti:'ti ... 1111·;111 .- l"ir.-t ;111d 1111-.· 11111-i <111 iil1·o l11µi1« il 1·11 11trol 1ll till' di:'1 ·1ll l/":'1'.
ll11 · 1·1111trol i:' 11ttriln1\t'd to a11 1J lli l' iiil i1l:'tit11 - ti11 11 . 111 1·1l1111111111i,1 Ho 111a11 ia . 1·1· 11,o r,liip ;1:' a11
;1 1111111 11 111 1111.- i11.-1it11tio11 j,. iil )() li,lll'd II\ a il ('l' i- -i1111 11 1 tlll' L1 ·11tr;il r :11 11 1111itt1 ·1· o l tlll' ll o 111a11ii111 ( .11 1111111111 i .- 1 I 1i11·t I i 11
.I
11111 · ii.- ii 1·1111.- ('- 11111 ·1 11"1 ' id 1·\li'rn;il p1-. ·"ur1·. 1: m 111 tlJ( ·11 0 11 - 11;m l-. tl11 · 1T 11.-11r rnl1 ·, 111 1iltiph . llll'r1 · 11 ill Ill' a 11 a11t 1H·1· 11-1 lr . .:l1ip pr1lf'ti ('r· tl I" <';lf'lt i11,.tit11ti() 11.111 a p11lili:-lti11µ li o 11,;1·. l11r i1l:'t<11w1 ·. tit (' puhli ('<1- ti1111 1tl a 11il1 111 H· ··1·0 11 ,i d1·r1•d i1 1ad('q1 1alf' hi" thl' l:11aril i11 .. 1t <1rµ1· iii. l,itnat111T 1111d l111lili ('11ti o 11, 1d 111 .. L1 ilt 1rn · i11 1il . ..;1wi1ili,t l·: tl1wi1ti11 11 Crn11wil
(( > . I :. ( .) i1111ili 1·tl till' r1·-p o 11 .-il1ili1; o l tl1 1· d 1·1·i- - i1111 L1.-t1 1r-: l11· ;11l. l' lii1·I 1·tlitor. " tlit1 11 i11 1·liarµ1 · 1il 1111· l11111k . Ii" till' 11.!111111· Il l tl11 · jil"I'."' (1 ' \I \\I ' ll '
;il1-11l1 1t1 ·h l111 -ti l1· If) till' 1·0 1111111111i.-t r1·µi 1111 · or 1·11· 11 t1 1 th1· ( :11 11 1ri1il1 · a11d I Ii,. l.<11h. till' ilir1 ·1 ·th 1'1" •111111.- ilil1 · 111 ·11p l1 · \\l'l"l' l"i 1-.·d <111d ti11· II itl1dra11 II
11 1·r1 · l111rnt. 1111 · 111il1li .. ati o 11 11 1" :1 11il1 11ll l" 111· tl11 • i11"1'.-l' lil ;l ti1111 Il l" ii i"il111. till' illlth1 1r.-
\1111dd 11-1111lh li11il 1111111 l1i..l1 111 ·r1 · till' l1<1rnd1il -.. 1111 .. 1111· - 111 1li11.-. · 11 o rk-. Tl11 ·.-1· 111 ·n · 11 1 111' 1·l i111- i11;it1·tl Ill" 11111tlili1 ·d. ll ll' 111 ·µ11 ti ;1ti11 11 , lw t111·1·11 tl11 · a11t l1 111 <1 11d till' 1T 11,o r \\ () lilrl ,tart. a.- 111·11 ""
till' <lj llll'al.- 111 till' <111tl11lr.- atlrln ·, ,.:1' d to p11n1 i11- -t ;111f'1· lti µl 11· 1 1li;11 1 till' 1·1· 11 ,;11r. a111I li11 iill:·· t ill' rn 11qil i1i11t, o r till' ("!' 11:'11/" adrln ·,;,;('d lo till' :'<11111 ' l1iµli i11-t ;111 .. 1·. \1 11.-1 ol tlil' ti1111 ·,. ti ll' 11 11tlio1·,- 111111 lil ;11 T1·1>1 tli1 · 11111tilatio 1!:' i111p o,;1· tl hi" ti ll' 1"1' 11'111" 111 '1"111 1.-1 ' 1J li ll' l"ll i.-1 · till' p1dili1 ·;1ti o 11 II OU Id 11:111 · 111 ·1·11 lil rn -k1·il. ll1 ·.-11it1 · ,111111 · li -1, Ill i11t n11iil 11-1 ·. tli1 ·n · 111 ·11 ·r 11 ;1 , a 111·ll-d1 ·1"i1ll'rl 11 u111l ll' r o l i1 11t' rili1 ·ti11 11.-. -11 tl1 at 1·11 ·ntl1i11µ rn 1ild Ill' ··i11tn- 11r1·t1 ·rl·". 11111, 1·1·11,01-. ·d . Tli(' ;ill11.-i o 11.- 111 •r1 · .. ,dl ,·il ·· ii z:m l.-·". a pnl"1 ·1·th- atl 1· q11 i1t 1· 11ll'tapl 1o r.
Tl11 · - li11 111·n r;q1id li z1ll"ll il1'1'1 ·a r.- 1111tl ili :'<1pp1 ·11r;;
i11 1i 111 l"i.-.-111-.· .-. i11 i11t n, 1i1 .. ·.- . L1 ·11.-111·, '"" tl 1111-
;.:n 1·11·n11 l11·11·. \ eru 11. 11 ll11111 1· 111 ildi .-lll'il 11 1 1·: 11µ1 ·11 Li z1· k i11 1: 11 ·1wl1 i." 111111,d alt' d i11
;11 1 111 1118(111itl1 till' a 11 odrn r/ tlull titl c: ··n o 111a11
... Till' " li i111µ·1· ol till' t itl 1· p1T='u pp o.'1 '"
<1 li :illtlf'i11at orl" j11tlµ1 ·1111·11t ol tl11 · 1· dit o r,. 1: ir-1h.
Iii (' illl iii ll).!I ill' tll('t'll t!J1· lll id1·li 1· l" llljll_' l"IJI" illlii
\ i (' ll Iii I' !: I' ii 11 ·"I' 'I ' 11 . t I 11 · 11 t Ii I' 11 ' a r 1 I 1e1 I ;111 \ lll i1rk 1· d 1111 ·11ti1111 i11 till' titl1· iii \ n 11· - 11 11 1111 · 11rnild 111 ;1 k1 · till' l"l 'ill ln.- tlii1 1k iii tl11 · ll11 11 1a11i11 11 di1"1<1I OI".
It i,; :'aid tlt 11t till' l"ir:'I rl'lro" l"'"ti11· l'\liil1i- ti (l 11 ol" C1m ll'li11 n ,d1;1 L1.-lt'd 1n1 littl 1· 111'1 ·;111, ..
1ll till' 1·11 ·11' (l r l' i1i11ti11 µ" ·" l'lll' 111 ;11 1 Tl11 · .-1111µ l.i110. l.1·u11 0. till' 1111rd li11, it. 11 ;1, 1Tll:'(l l·"tl l11Ti1t1.-1· o l. tl11· l10 11 11i1111111 11itli i-:11 ·11;1 ( .1·;111.""·'rn 11 l1 i..l1 ('Ol! ld lt i11 r· lta rn ll'il t 111' 11 11 µ11 ,;t jll'i"."1111.
Tlw l' o rtrnit,; of \i co la1 · C1·<11 1.-1 ':'(' 1J 11 1· 1T l1111111 t·d a11d rr·pl1wl'd altr·r tltn 11 ot in· d tlt111 till' .-111ili11 µ li µ111T ltad 011h 1J 11 1·;1r 1 i,;ilil l' . Tiil' l'n ·,itl1 ·11 t.
1111iltipli l' d tl1 0 11 ."<111d.- o l ti1111· ,. 1111, i1 1 till' llj'jl t'I :'(Ill"\. l·: \ (' 11 til t' j'l" IJ ll'l"l1- i1 1 11l1it·!J 11111' l11 1111rl (lilt iil 10 11t tit !' rt1i11 ,i1· 1111' l11 11 1.-1·l1 11 ld i11 11l1i1 ·lt till' 1·11111111:' 111 1i 1T i1111' 0 1t ;111t tl11111 tli1· l11ill 111 ·n· 1·1·11,;11r1·d . \II till' lolklon · kid tl 1•1·id1 ·d tl1 ;1t till' tr111· 111 itldi f" l1·111ln Ill l{1 rn1 ;111i ;1 11;1- I In . 1111·
L r1 111r;1tl1 ·. tlll'rd1m · tlt1 · prf)\ 1•1"11i a l 1·1111 11111l111il1t - 1· tll ; rdn r"d l(I till' l1i µl1h 1"1·11T1·d i-:1 1·11;1 .
111 tl11 · l 11i 1111. tlt1·1T \\ii.- ii _p1k1 · i11 till' .()().- ;tiJI Jllt ii )! II; 11110 \\ii :' ii littl !' IT<IZ I ;1111l .-jlok1 · Iii .- 111i1 1d. 11 1· 11;1, .-itti1 1µ i11 " 1·i11 1·11111 11 ;1t1 ·lii11µ tl1 1• \ (' \\ :- II llf ' ll ii i ii 1·1·rtai11 111 11 111 1' 11[ 11 1· t' \ -
l" L1i 111 1· tl : ·· 1.11o k al tl1 11t jliµ l"rtJ111 t l11 ·
111 1·1111" ()11 till' .-( "ITf'Jl till' liµtll"l '' (lj I I 1·11:'l ·j()\
<11Hl l\ 1· 111 w tl:· <1pp1·11 r1' d. T ill' liµl11, 11 1·11t 0 11. tlt1 ·11 111 0 :'11mly l"cllm1·,; µTal1 till' poo r 111 <1 11 wl11J 1"111 1 · li iml lv 11111ll n : .. I " ""' talki11µ 1il1out till' ·\111 ni-
<«111. Il l) [ till' ... .. ··\ ('\('I 111i11d. \II ' f"illl li µ·111T ll llt 01 11·,;i ·h 1·.- 11lt o i,; till' piµ l"ro111 till' µ-0 11'1"111111 ·111. ..
(ll11i o11 .-h . tlll' 1"1'1l:'or i.- ii d rn ilil 1·-.-id1 ·il lll'i 11![: Ill' prnt1 ·1·t, a n ·µ i11 11· 11lt11:'1' 111 ·11k11 1·.--1 ·- 111· k111 111.- iill t1111 11 1·11. 111 it:' ll () l"lll ;il .-l illl/ .". l"l' ll.- ll l",lli11 l1;1 .- 111 a111 ri:':'lll"l '' tliro11 µlt 11l1i c li till' t rt1tl1µ1· 1, 111 11.
l111t jill:'lti11µ tl1i ,; Ill till' li 11 1it. i1 1 p;1tllfll11µi1 "1tl l"il:'I':'. ;di till' ll'lll"k :' h1 '1"(i ll ll ' :' ll :' jli1 ·i111/:'. 1111l101h i.- id1 ·o loµ i .. iilh ,;;1111 ·.
Cl'll.-or,;l1ip :'lilrt, 11i tli till' a1 1tl1 o r 11 l1 1J i1J1ti l" i- l'"t1·,; tit!' o lli ci<il n ·;wtio 11 11, Ill' 1Tl 'i1t1·.- . ·· i-: ,lf'lt 1)1
II:' l1<1:' a 111iliti a rn i1·r· i11 u1 11· ill'a il "". ;1 llo111i111i1111
l
Ii
!
11Titn u,;c·cl lo ,;a1· i11 tlw '8(k Tli l• Ji,;;1stn l'O uld 1101 lw 111 ad( • p11hlil': ltu11t!n. ('o ld . rLirk1w"" · d111r('lt d(· 111 o liti o 11,;. 1 illag1· ,;1,;tr·111atiz;1tio11.
\p arl 11-11111tlt1·,;1 · 1·1T11!,; k1101111 to 11,; nil ;111d ltid- d1·11 ill'lii 11d 1·(· 11 "1 r,d1ip . d1 ·;1tlt. ,;('\. d(""l'nat io11.
l1·ar. lo1wl i1ll'.'" 11·1·1T ro rl1idd <'11. Tl w 11 r· 11 111a11 l1;1d to he <l " rr\'O luti o11 an· ro111;111tir · .. ll'itl1 011t
<I ll\ of till' sl1arks or old ro111a11li l' i:'lll. It \\'ilS ,i11 about \'Ollral!e. 1·iclo ry an d li l!lit, all aho11t cli111h- i111! 011 till' liif!'lll'st pC'a b of prog rcs,;. ll'itl1 011l r1·,;t Il l' ... h,111 011 . "Co1mad1·;:. a r<' p11 \!' d ;1l'l i1·i,;t 11,1·d to ."<II. 11'1 11,; !J !' lp ,;('if' ll C(' (' li111h 011 till' liiglll',;\ ;1pprm cd 1wab1" (/)
111 a 111a111wr ur l3alka11 111 od .: n :. <I painter ,11rpri,1·d hi s I loli1w,; ,;. tlH' Trnc ti st. poo- poo 011 a poll\'. i11 a c·o 111pa11:· or or:c:· o r a l3a('- 1·li11,;-likl' IHllUJ'('. i11 SOl ll\' ,;o rt or Tit (' l. a;.; t Sup- pn ki11d o r lrn t wiJi cit \\'<IS i<lkl'll (' \('II r11rtl1C'r i1110 ridi('IJl1 ._ it 11a ,; l1ilari o11,h pl <lf'1·d i11 till' rn111p l1·11· 111 ad 111·"" ol till' !'pod1. I 11 tlw d!'(' i- ,i1J11-111aki11t!' 11 lll'tlll'r a work 11ill lw 1·\liihit1·d or 11 ot. tlil' l'irst ;111d 111 ost i111p orta11t 11 ord 11as that oi' tlw clwir111a11 or I.ii(' (' Ultural r·o111111i(( (T or tiH' 1·ou11tv. 11'1 0 1\'a ,; an (' lf'(' tri cia11. I 11<1s a turrH'r 111:,.l'll. but IH' still n· 111 ai11 f' d a trol!lodytc and I go t lo lw as I a111 . Tltr1'f' wa s IJf't11Tr·11 u:; a slate or i1H ·o111p;11ihilit1·. Tl1('11 tli err· 11·a,; a wli nlr· 11 et- 1111rk . <iltn l1i111 1·a11J(' a cntain Fili <·1·11f·o. i11- -1 ru1 ·1or or I do 11 ot k11 011 his pos iti o 11 i11 th (' part:. 11'10 11<1 ,; i11 cliarw· of ;1rt. a11 tl1i" 0111· 11<1"
1·11· 11 111 01·<· pri111iti1·l· tlta11 till' latt1·1-. Till' ni1ni- w1 111ai1ily r·o11 ,; is L<· d i11 li a1 th cr(' 011 tli r· !'<1 11- 1;1,; a n·d l'la:c. a 11 o rker o r a kolkli oz (('() li <'L'li11 · L1r 11 lf' r). ,;o tlii" j, 11 it ;1t II!' l('<J J'l ll' d. a11d tlii " i;:
11it ;1t Iii· 11'<1" doin r So111 <'ti 111 c·"· ,;011w autltors 11111 ild "J J('<lk a "li za rd" 011 tlt c h;1ckgro1111d or a lili,,d1 il 1101-k l1111Ll:'f'a pc: tlii" wa" till' wil:· 11 a:· i1 1 1,l1ir ·li 11 (· 111 ;111at!'ccl to roo l tlw111. TIH' l;1,;t cl 1·r i- ,io 11-111 ;1ki11µ wa,; tllC' prop <1µ·a11d;1 l' l1id.
11ito \\'<I S Of th e Sto ck. an f'X-t!°l'('C ll groc cr.
:ou u 111 i111agin c ... But th ey lt ad so 111 e 11wtli od- olof!'ica l 11 or111" at th e level of' th eir 111<111 ngc 111 e11l a1HI k1w11. µo('S . tl1i s doc,; 11 01 µo . So 111 f'- ti111 1·, . I g()t to ti ll' pni111 i11 11·l1i cli I ('() ulcl <'1·e11
ii 11111,;1 · 111 l"l ' II'.
1011 1".;(' u i11 di,µrn< 'l'. 111 ·1·;111-1 · Ii i·
t·rn1dr·11111 1'cl hotl1 l(· rt a11cl rigl1t totalit;1ri <111 ,,,_
11·111 ". lm111 C.111t al' uzi11 0. 11'1 0 """ ;1 l1·i1 ·11d iii l·: 11 gr· 11 lo1w,.1·11. lolrl lii111 1k1t 111; dipl 1111 1;1 111q11 ·r li ;1cl tlJ(' ,;;11111 · "11hjPr-t. :'o I r, ·11 i11 t11 di,µr<ll'1 ' ;1.-
\\( 'll . l-:11µ:r·11 lo1li'"('J I 1nott· loo ah o11t tl1i, i11 ii 11('\l'"Pal'n i11 Fr<lll l'f'. Thi , both prn i(T t1·d 1111d a1-cusccl 111 <· <ii tl1 c ti11ll'. Co111<111. 11111. tli1 · 1wx t Int e rnal r\llain' " :\li11i stc r, sa id tl1at 111\ lu('k th at " lh !' t•11(·111\ or tl11· pl·opl r· ... iliat j,
[ 11µ·r·11 lo1H'!' (' 11 111 adl' ,1lf'li a 1'11,,; ;il 1011t 1111 diplo- 111a paprr. ntlwl'lli, (' I 1101ild 11 111!· 111 ·1·11 -11i111 - 11itl1 t!J r• ri ,; IJ (t!J1 ·1T ill i!J1· Sl:111 t11 t;lll'1JJ'µIJ1·
ri , l1 t· r) l. (I. 1> .• U I)
CHEESE
Cl1! 'l'!'(' 1111,; 1101 "llf'l1 a ra1·it:. tlw p1 ·;1-;1111-
"lllrl it linr· ;11HI tl wn-. 1111rl n 1·m1· 1-. ii' i1111 ·r1 '. 111 ' tort·" tlin 011h li<1cl rn rdl 1·cl 111ilk . tlt ;1t il1i f' k 1·0;1r"t' f' lwc·,1· p11, ta to ll'it i!' lt a 11 li oll' i()11 o r pl'O plc grl'W addi( ·tl' d. 'l'l1n 11 11 11 t 1•;J\
a11vtlti11g t·l,;l' 11 ow hut tli;1l ruhl wr C' lll'( '"'" Yrn1 ('() Jild lll <J k1 · 1w11 , out or it ;111d pla1 p111g-prlllµ witl1 tl w111. it workl'cl. ( 11 I )
CHR lSTM.-\S
-\ lot ol i'o r<' i:c1wr,; !'01 ild 1101 111Hl1·r,t ;11u l till' di,;nq1a11r\· ll(' t11T1·11 ti ll' ' i,ihl (' ,;(';lrf'it1 ol lo od or till' daih· i<lllll'lli<Jti1111' 1·11 111·1·1·11- i11 g 11utri tio11 ;111d 011 tlH · otlit'r lia11d . tlw 111111- lc· 11 (·!· or tli !' r(""ti1·1· 11w11k Tl1 !'\ , !J mild l1a\1 ' 1111- dn,;tood tltat IH' l1i11d tlw 11 1·altli or a r1· 11 l1«H' i11 11 \t·ar wa" tlw 1rnrk ol tlw 111 011tli, i11 11lii1 ·l1 1wopli- ra11. a;;k i11 µ lll'l'I ' <llHI tlll'n'. g11tl1ni11µ tl1i11g" lor till' l1 olida\. Th(' li ol id ;11 ,!Ji1w, i11 11 11 1·- 11wl tillH'." too. 11111 !'-'l'l' ('i <ilh i11 till' d1 '.-l'l't rd. , o- 1·ialis111. T llC' ri l' li li olid ;11 ta lil1 · tli 11t 111· 111 ·r1· , (, k1·c· 11 011 IV<l S al"o a way o r ddvi11t!' till' ,.;tall'. It wn s a victory.
111
1987.
I was in vitrd IJV J\1;1 cli a and \ lid lo"!Jf' lld tlw Cltri st11w s 1\'itlt tli f' 111 . \' adia ,;t ill kt ·r· p,;
a li ;:t 11 itli all tl l!' food" ;111d dri11k- rrn111 h1wk tl1rn: pikt• lr()lll \ ';ill'lli. L1ilw11 1·111 11. 11 11«11 lia ll ,
I
llllt ur chi ckl' ll l)l'(:a,;t. fi ,; h. 11·hite wi11 c.
cqip lf',; fi ll er [ 11·ith l'l' lery sa laJ. 11itl1 hPf' t-roo t a11d hor,;l' radi sh, e11Ji1cs 11·ith cap Prs and oranges 11·ith (· 1·r·a 111. pickl ed cucumb ers filled with chi ck- t· 11 hr('<l."l. to11 µ: u1' :rn lad. pi 11 rap pl l' . Chi11 r•,:r 11 111,d1ro o111 ,;. 111<110 ll'ith n ea 111 . ,; 111 okf'd lard.
11 11i 1J11 a11d 111i11t ,;ala d. l' hi ckP n li\'l·d boilrd i11 111ilk 11ith 1111 t11ll';.!. rw11f en cornllr. r\lba11ia11 ,IJ1·ll, ,a l<id . l'o rcf' d 111 n 1t ro ll , i11 cahliagr·· or 1·i11 c l1·c1 1P" 11ith nTa111 and horse raJi sli. pork steak 11 itl1 pil' kil',- c1 11d b<ikrcl appl es. co ffee . Th ere 111· 1T <)-1 () dr·µ:rr·r·" i11 th l' hou,;r .
\l l'l'i,-llr <1 11d hn hrntl11'1' 1)<111 i111·it ed tl1 cir ( :n111<1 11 t1«J('l1l'I' fro111 th(· CcJl' tll(' I 1Hitutl' to l'f' i- 1·l1 r;1ll, 11 ith u,; hi ,; l<1,; l Cl1rist1 11 <1,; i11 lio111<111ia.
Till' li«t l' lll'r l1rouµ:ht grapes. l1a11ana , .
a11d ye ll m1 1·hl'r·,;c._ and 11T prr p<ired 14 di,;h cs . Tlwn· 11e1, th j, 11 wd 1w,;,; of that rPs pond ed lo tlw µ: Pll (' l'(il 111 acl ncss or e11lpti11 rss . We haJ cabbaµ:l' pi l'. 111 ca tbalk boruf ,a lad. numberl ess .•t<1k1·,. till' 1111'at had lwP 11 kPpt for a who lr clny into <111 1· 11<111J(' lcd 11 a, lil>a,;i11. forced 111 cat ro ll,;
i11 1·,i!d 1aµ:1· 1> 1· 1·i11r· lca 11',;. 1111·ri11gur ca ke with I IU[, <111 ITl'cl Il l. ('[('.
!:or ( :hri .-1111<1' too. \lni ,;oi:,. L1tl wr. wh o 11<1 :<
a dol'lo r. 1rn1 ild hri11 g fro111 hi s 1<Hious d<-il-µ: c1- tio1i,; pork orµ:<tll >' Ollt of whi ch tJi cv prq1arr·d all 1·\t raordi11an· 111 osa ic sa lami. 011 Pari i' Str!'rt.
1110 ,:tr·p,; a11·ay fro 111 th e \lini,;! r 1< Co un l' il.
:-'a11! la 11hll li11 ·d i11 a 1illa lrnd alrcadv done her
"ll iok1·d µ:oodit·,; i11 a harr(' I that wa" i11 th(' <llti t·
a1ll l tlw ,:i1111k l' µ:ot out th ro uµ: h a trap door. \\ 1·
ll'l11 ild h1 11 pork t" ht·,;t. 11 f' 1rn uld boil it i11 th r l1,1thrno111 11 ith lc1urr·l we· would drv it a11d 11T \\'OU ld s111 oh it. Fi ori ca. thr psyc holog ist.. a rn ll ('ag ur' or fath r r a/,; o had such a ,;i11 oki11µ 100 111. The buildi11g of thf' Arti 8ti c As- ''t'111h h or th e ( :r 11tral Co11111lillc'C of tli r Ll ni o11 or tl1 !' Co111111u11i,:t Yo11th 11'<1>' rr· no1"c1t t' d . a 11d C1·ig111·1· 11 ho 11;i,; cl din·ctor 11 01 ild hri11g :<all'rl11 ,- t frn111 till' ('1J11,;t ru <'l io11 ,-itc ,; 111 oki11 µ:
1w> 111. \\ l' 11ou ld 111akt· ho11 1t·1 11 adr· ,;c1usage" tl1at 11f'C'ded to lw turiwd ,-o that thC\' co 11'd rlrv 011 . . tllf' 11a,.d1i11g li11 1·"· 011 tllf' bal co 11 v. Part of th e ,;til'k, l'l 'llli11d 1·d u,; or Cl1 ri ,; t111a ,; lwca u,- c th ('\'
We re the tru 11b of t/Jf' Oll CC r/ eco r;1tcd fir-lrl' I""·
Not.hill!! wa" tlirown away. T he cah haut· for tht' • • t' fo rced rn eat roU s or cab bage pi e pi cklrJ 011 my moth er's balco ny in big plastic barrels.
Chri st ma ' re unit ed fam ili e!i a11d frie 11d ,-
<lrouncl th e tab le and tlw fi1· tree. but long hr for(' ,;t ra11gc' ll'l'IT r·s tahli,lwd: a ilirc('t.or 11h o ll'Ou lcl tnkc th e co 111111u11i"t "<1wrlu,;l fr o111 01H· end to th e oth er of th (' lo1111 !'or tl1 t· ,;111 11 ki11 g room of a psy cholog i,;t to wlio111 a lil >ra ria11
bro ught (7)
[11 OUr th err \\'CIT a lot of ho,;,;(',: 11 /1 11 loo k till' place or orcli1wry peop le cry i11µ for tl!('ir hou"l'. 011 ob1 ioush . 11'f• 11 r· 1T 1101 al- lo11't'<I to havl' a Chr i .. ;t111a " t reP. It 11a,. call<'rl .. Th e two fir distri ct" .. . T hcv took a fir ll't'I' and ld t it 011 the IJalcon v. fir t.r er th <1t di,;ap- peared 011 New Yra 1:" E1·e. But. i11 th e hnu"':
th ey always have Chri slluas tree. (P. /l .. I IJ) Chri stm as trees were hard to find . 1n oth- n wou ld buy fir trc r branches: 11·f' 1T cli r<ljl- cr. She would put th em 011 a trunk to JT-lll akc th e fir trre. r\ fri end of' her,- who work l'd al till' grl'c11housr a nd ll'h o IJrou gh t tl11· lira11c!H·, 1rn11ld IJ('lp 11('1'. It uµ:I: . hut till '\ dt·rn 1«1l l' d it this ll'av. I thi11k that. at till' ti111('. it .• 1·1· 111 1·d IH'a utiful. (I. I. . :i6)
Onl'l'. 0 11 Cvt'. ,;0 111 1·
dropp <'rl in u11a1111 ou11 cC'll with so nH' 11·in f' ;111d t• 1·en with so 111 c 1n rat fro111 tht'i r p<1 rf' 11t,; ll'h o li1'E' rl in tll(' co u11trv,; id c. I d ra nk o nl v cl li ttk . . 11·in l' to 11elr111 up. But. u11fort111 1<1ll' I:" 111 · h;1d nothin g lo pu t 011 th r tahl1· a11d 11 othi11 µ: l1J 1n1·- parr. T li nr M l :i 1H1 t' lc ct ri city, LllT<lU" t' it 11·111ild often go out, so we co uld not use· th e clc('t rir · stove, and we did not have ga s r ith n at th e lower levrk We pa rti ed with only a few glassc"
of win e. drunk at cand leli ght. After
22.:rn
tlH·li ght 11·as bc1ck. only it too l;tl<· lo prq>aJT
;111 vt hi11 t! to cat...( :\ . B .. 80)
CHURCH
Ma ny churche,.; wr re demoli shr d. I t<ilkcd !11 a lot o/' pco pl r aft('J' 199(), and io u11d Olll t/1 at
I
42
tlw1 11ould 11 ot <· 111t·r tl w church out of fea r. I lor rJlll' 11 r 1\· r lwa rd oL or sa w. <1llvo11 t wli o wa,;
arn·skd lor go iJJ g i11to a church. Ceau sesc u did 11 nt prohibit th l' cult. I ca nn ot beli eve that tlw Party might have prohibited church go in g. T he f>ITac hin g wa,;; th en a,; it 11 011-. Certain u,;1'( 1 to 111 akc i11 r· redib lv ove rt allu sions to tli <' n·gi 111 1· or tnl'OI' I ll' \\'(' l' l' li1·i11g under i11 tilt' la,; I pni od. I cn· 11tu all y ro1111 d out that wo rk ('d
!o r tlw St'l·uritatc and were silllpl y putti ng tit!' p<'op lc Lo <I tr>'t. (:\ .- 1. B .. IO l)
I used to go to r hurcl 1 quite often in those ti111 cs. and evt·n th e pri est paid homage to Cea us- e,;cu at th e e11 d ol' hi s se rmon: let us pray for th e l<'adn co mrade;; of our for Co 11Jrad e L1«1u,;r·,; c11. .. F:l'c n th e pri est prayed
for
hi111 ! (22)CIGAHETTES
l)roks:.;or \lilwi Pop rn 1cr wrot(' :'Oll iell'lll'1T Ill' h<1d ht:ard tell of a 111 os t intriguing prartice i11 Ho 111 a11i an co u11trvsidr·: the relative$ or th e dea d 11 ould put pa ck('t s ol A111 r ri ca n Kent r igarc·tt rs in tl1 r· coffi11 tli e dead co uld pay the .. custom:;
rl11tl' .. 011 tltr· 11«1v to th e 1wt hcr wrHld . \\"li at
<·0 1111t('d as uni1·nsa l r·111Tenn - alo11 gsid!' tll(' l.11 x suap liars anrl \'\ ie1wr Cafi· anyw lH'r<' i11 thi s wo rld 011 all ocr:asion s, ought to be ol' so me good after dea th as well: as if at th ose '·check po ints'·
tltl." re we re any such custo ms office rs. ,iu st as slr<1zv as the real ones. always hungry for somr uril H' to 1J1 akt· things ea,ier for yo u. J remember 111y lo rnll'r ,;i,;tn-ill-law Hodi ca·s 1u other; on her rl !'at!t . tli c1 put a rn 11pl(' of pa c:b ol Ma rl boro.
Hod it«I h<lll .ju ;;t return ed fro111 Cc r111 anv for the burial. So I asked her what were the blood y fags in tll(' coffin and she went lik e: '" Poor 11w 11ww , ,d 1e iik t• d tiil'Sl' SO lllU Chl'' (7)
ClNEMA
At tl1 r t Hd of th e ·3o·s, in 1988 or 1989.
,;0 1m · ci11 e111 as fro m th e neighbo rh ood were in a dep lorable state. Thi s wa s th e case of Cin ema
\'olga at Perla, fo r instan ce. In 1989, J went to
c
,;f•c a l'il111 tlwrf'. I do 11 01 rt'llll' llll H' r tlw l'i l111. lw- ca usc we li ;1d to kr·r· p 011r l'('l'\ up . :;1J tl1at 11r·
wo ul d not Ul' attal'k1·rl liv 1«11 ,. 11 lii cli sq1wak1 ·d so loud a111011g th e chair,;. that 11·1· t«J11ld 11 011·11 111- prehcnd tit <· fil111 011 tll(' sc-r<·r·11. ( 160)
CITY
:\ru·r 1980. tl1l' l' il v 11<1,; 11 ot lti11g l1u1 <I rn 11- stru ctio 11 sit<' . lt 1·ould 11ul lw f' lr·a 11 ,- i111 ·1· 11 li1 >l1 · stree ts or evrn 11 r ig!tho rl1 ood" co uld rl i""l' lw<1 1·
over one ni ght. The pacl' ol co 11 str11cti o11;; 11a,; ,;iJ
t h :.it rlea n11 <'ss wa s exc lud ed. Six 11 1l111tl1,. 11 1· ri · enough for anv building to 1.ir co 111pl 1·tcd. tl1 <' kind oJ wo d< th at wi ll tak (' n ow 11101T tli ,111 yea rs. Wh en tli(' ll lC'tro wa,; built. tlw rlt vtl11n 11<1 ,;
. .
of 01w lin ear 111 rtn a dav. l111-r1·d ihk .
T lw bank s ol' tlil' river 1Ji111hm·ita 111 ·1T 1Ta1h iu 011 f' vcar. C11 df' r1 1('ath tli erl' ;1r1 · :) 1'11<111111'1.- : 01w /'or ,.;r· 11«1gc. o n1-· lur rlraini11 g <111d 1J 11 1· 1111 111ainte11 a11 c1'. .·\1 1d alJov r· tlll'rt' a1T 111 11,;1 · 1·ri n- C"rf'tc lrnn k,- a nd tli (' i<· 11 tT. I r1 ·nw1nlwr tl1al 111a11v i11stit1 1ti o11" f·n 11 trilJ11 1t-'d to r;1is<' tli<1t l1 ·11 c1'.
such as ··2 3 :\u gu ;;t''. 11·!ticli 111;1!l r· 111 0,;i· 1·;1,; t iro 11 pillars and 1110,;c "mall 1'1·1w1 ·,;. (22)
CLOTHES
Ava il ab le, but ve ry hard to gn. L1 '<1t l1n cloth es were only so ld to 1wo ple one kn ew. lr yo u Wl're ni c(' to the ,; hop as,.; i,; tanL ,; IH' ll'ould let yo u kn ow abo ut th e 11e11· stock,; a11d 111J1ild not put tl ie 111 on sa le if vo u wcrl' intr· rf'sl!' d. ,\ du <ilh tlt t')' did11·1 g<·t 111 a11\' <1rt ill1·,; ol 1111· ,;;1111 1·
kind . w1· 1-c rnrc. and 11·1·ri· otltn ;1ni1 ·l1·, too (rnch as shi rts , etc. ) (ivl.
C. .J..
21 )Yes, yo u co uld find cloth !'" 011 ,.;a l(': p('oplc would buy Clii11 cs1· co tton tl1i11 f!'· C1· 1wr- all y tl1 f·v w1·rr good qu ality thing": I rn 11lrl l'i11d wli at!'ver I 1H'1·df' d. .
.J. .
% )Tlw shop 011 Ill )' ,;tr<TI sulrl 11li alf'11· r didn 't pass th e ex port quality rn 11t rol. \\ on l '""" p<1,;,;1·d around th r 11 ciglib o rl 10od that 1w11 ,;tu ll 11<1 ,;
brought i11 and tl1 cy ru shed to gct it. Tlwn· wnc.
fo r in stan ce, those chce kerr d sl1irb 11ith ,.;0 111 l'
11 11
11;1.-11 d1·k('t 011 tl w "'(' I'l l'. a,; ii ,;[J lll l'O IH ' ju ' t t;wk1·il ti ll' .<1·,1111 ,; . . \II tl11 · ,;a 111 r·. 11·<· rc µ:oo d 1jl 1<ili t1. ,; i1 11T tl1 1·1 \\'(' l't' 111 adr· lur ab roa d. 11 ot lo r tl1 t· i11 l1· ri or ( 111.)
l'O uld pay fo r tli r 111ore ex- 1wn,; i1 r lik e in in stall111 cnts.
Tlw .. So fi a Store:'. on Doro ha ntil or Roa d.
,;o ld 111 ercl1andi ,e. You co uld sre Jong
lj ll •' LJ I'." lo l'll1i11µ: ll'ill·11 r·1't• r bro uµ: lit in VCf!l'-
t<il ,-i lk und 1· rn·r·a r. Tli t· n· 11·a,;
ie,,
and less or tl1 at altn '8 .i. not 1· 11·11 tli e ·'Tetn1··tli inµ,.
Hr· l;1li1 1·,; ah road wa,; a clea r adl'antaµ: e i11 tlii ,;
J"l'" ji t'l'l. a11d an obj ec t lor tlw oth er peo pl e·, 1·1111. nlu tl lt' r 011 r·t' µ:o t a jea ns ' kirt. ·\II hr r t'IJ ll 1·aµ-ur·.- 1·a 1n <· to lll' r olli l'r lo ad111in· it. Quite
<1 pi lµ- rin1 aµ-1" .Jt.,111,; 11 1·r<· trnlli ck1·d. inlwrit-
1•d ur n<11 1· d lor. For1·ign cloth e,; wcn· pa s,rd do1' 11 lro 111 µ-rn crnti on to /Lf' 11 erati on. and Pve ry 1·liild liad to 11 t•a r tl1 f' n1 u 1rdullv. ,;o that th e nex t 011 lin l' co uld r· 11j m· tli l' lll too. I li ad lo wait a long ti11 lt' bdore 1n y lri e11d 's p11rple allCI gree n multi- pock1· t<·d j<1ckct grew rn1 a ll 011 he r a11d sli e pa,.,;cd it 011 to 1n e. But I co uldn ·t wea r it too 111u(' li 1· itl lt' r. I pa,;,;l' d it 011 :\n vli ow.
111·.-t 1· r11 "lot liin u itf' lll 11;1,; a fa,;1· in ati11 i£ ohi'ert. r- c • Tl wr1· 11;1, <1 n azf' !'or tli C' 11 r·, tnn fo,-lii o11 111ag<1- zin c.-. .-ul'li ;1,; ti ll' () ul' ll l' or \' l'l'kf' J'Jll an11 l'ata- luµ- 111'.-. or tl l(' 111 01T prnl' ti ca l Burda 111agaz i11 c.
\l atn ial,; 11 1· n• a1'<1il ahl 1·. ,;o tli r 11·0111 c11 sr wr·d tl wir nll'n clotli c·s. u' ing tli c pattern" in th e 111ag-
;1zi1 w. ( 1611)
COFFEE
0 11 l' co uld 110t find natur<il co llec . \\ 'li en ro l- lcl' co uld lw fo und at a co 11J'ccti oner·s. one lwd to qucur· fo r J. or .) li ours1 r\ t th e·· 11i c·' super- 111ark l't. opp o,. itf' .. Sca la .. , one co uld find natural rn fl r·1· a 11d co ff ee with c hi c k-p ea (ca ll ed
··111'1 ·lll' zr il""). a11d all 01H· co uld µ:e t after qu cui11 g 111 1· .) Ii our,; """' 111ax i111u11 1 I OOg of 11atural l'offee
;11 1d lllllg of ··1 wt·li <·zo l .. '.1'. It awlul ! Tli c .-11 wll 11;1,; 111 add c11i11 g'. TI H·,;c· are that 011c 1·;1111 101 rl'lld1·r i11 11·onb ! (\ ·.C.. L'i O)
c
Tl wn· 11·;1' a bar - - wli crr·. to n o1111 it all . tli nc "'"" a11 Ml r·1J 1 n i11 g tli C' ll'l1 ol1 · lil o1 -k ll'i tli co llr·(' . lin1· at ··sc,da ... 1·1T11 ;1ftn tli erf' wa ,; no co ffer ldt in 13u r lian·st. Hut tlw ad with stea 111 y co l'frf' remain r rl 1l°IH·rf' it
too l it down . later on. wh en th ere n'a li zc d tl w stupidity of it. (S .
R.-B ..
D. R.-13 .. I:n)
011 ce as
I
wa s pa ss in g Bud1 C1 res t HotC' I. I th at tlw v hrou!!ht co llcl': . l I ,;aw su 1111'li1Hh- 1ro • ("i11 with e11 0J'Jll OUS boxr·,; of co ffer. rea l f'IJ ITt•r•.
not SUr roga te O ll C like• IV (' C0 11ld fi11d i11 our
"\II th at Vienn ese coffee. i11 llll't al boxes, lll C. Th (·y looked like oo ld liul-. r- li o11 to 11H·. Later 011. J ,;a id to ··ri µ- un · th at. 11 01r. I ca 11 lw r liv tllf' ,; iolit . r- Il l' i'O l- f c r .. (C. S .. 16 1)
I 11 tli c ·80s. th ere wa' :;0 11wlHld l' wh o del- qza tcd to
go
to l rC1q. r\11cl tl lf' re. 011 e co uld fi11d co ffr f' fo r a dollar a kil o.0 1w·"
dail v all om111 c"or 8-1.) doll ars. You ll'O uld takc I :2 or rn ffee. Ii-ave 01w at th e cuslo1m . 111 a1·li(' 1·1T11 two, depcndi11g 011 yo ur ;1l tli 1· l'li "-
toms. yo u would ta ke a kil o of and so 111 r·
ciga rettes to give out at work. The rest was yo ur,;
to co 1n111 c rciali zc. Yo11 co uld g<' t 111 01H'\' or goock in stead . (I.
JI. . .
) 4)If 011 c· was ope n to rli . 0111· 1"0 11ld lim·p round ll'ii erc CO rJ'f'C' ll' il." IJ ro ugli t. Il l) ( ti1 at
<Ill rul stuff of co llc1· a11d f' l1i ck-p1·;1. hut rn ll1·1· or
... My 111u111 would run aho11t de,;p n<1L1·ly to find co ffer· or 11 css. (S. C., S)
Real co ffee wa s i\L\ 'OH ADA. 1napped i11 a go ld e n baµ: a11d co ul d lw found i11
(I. 11.. 1.8)
111 a ,;torr 1H·a r tli c .. Patri a .. ri 1w111;1. li ot prepan·d a11d OIH' l'ould li a11· I spoo ns in i111pro1·iscd co l'll r ts to take li o111 t·.
Tli e of natural co ffee we re a rea l trea- sure. Fres h coffee wa s add ed and th at co uld br boiled agai11, and th e new dregs we re kept and 011 and so f'ortli. Nothi11 g was tlirow11 r•1'-
reused. r\ co ll 1·aµ- 111' ol 111i1 Jf' 11·li o
predi cted th e total ol 11 atural l'O i-
rr<·. tell or twelve lwrri r·s
or
1·01lt·1· i1 1 <Ill li cr111 eti call v closed co 11tain cr !'or ' till at· l1ild at th e ti11w. wh o. livini! i11 an etern al co 111- 111u11i :" lll . \\'Ould ICllr r on hr ahle to prr pare hilll- ,-1· 11· <I 1Ta l 1nirarnlo11,.; co lk r . Th (· L1thn kr pt thi "
s;11·01· aho ut to lo r Iii ' so 11. as 01H>
11 ould lm· p <I rin g. a pai11ti11g or a hook. (7)
COLD
1: r<'czi 11 g tr lllp r ratu r(' tliat lll ade <·rervo1w -ul kr i11 11i11tn. <·xcep t tli <' pri1·il (·w·d ll'h o llf' 1H'liu·d lrou1 dr1·i,;ed li ea ti11g circuit,.
:-iiµ 11ili 1a 11tl v. i11 tl l(' house or th e I lead of ti lf' .'i tatt· a11d i11 tlu· roo lll s wli r rf' tli e pn' ,- id e11tial ('() 11pl f' worked. all th ern1 omr te rs were fak r d:
, l1 owed a te111perature of l8 ch·- µ.-r1 ·c·:; Cr·l siu s. wh ereas tli e actu al temp erature 11 a,; or 25 deg rees. (S l )
\\ <' 11·c· re li1·ing i11 the Dru1nul Tabr rei area.
\\ lw11 111· co uld 11 0 lo11gc r tak<' tli(' rn ld. 11 c.' d turn 1>11 tlH' !!<I" ,.;tm'f'. \t f'ir,;t 011l v duri11g dav- ti111<'. thrn <JI 11iµht loo. l>11t ll'l' ll C' I'!' thi,.; clo,;1· to
;1 1a t;1,1r1 1ph <'. \\.(· ldt tlH· µa,.; Jin · 011 m1· r 11iµht.
<111d at ,;0 111 e poi 11 t th (' g<1s 11«1s cul oil. \\'(' wnc lu ck\ 11 ot to turn 0 11 th r li ght. we frlt th e s11H' ll . it 11a ,; alr<'a dl' mffoca ting. We ope ned th e wi 11- dcl\\· a 11d (•u·r ,;i nce 11·p bega 11 to a ppl y the
" 111i,.;n·, 111 (· tl1 od" (111 aki11µ lo1l·) to kt·(·p ou r-
"·111·,.; 11<1rn1. (C. :-i .. 11 8)
111 a l1·ttn I ,.;(· 111 to ,.;0 1111· lri (· 11d ,; ol 111i11 c ll'h o li1 1·d 1dmrnd. I told tli c111 abo ut 111 v t11 0 lclt-foot toe·, tliat 11T11t 11ulllb with cold . Th cv i111111 ediate- h- ph oned Ill e: don't yo u kn ow yo u need good ,; hoe,.; ll'hrn vou go to th e mountain s'? Wh ere·
h111 1· lw(' 11 ·? I had a hard ti111 r 111 aking tlw 111 lwl i('lt' th c truth. th at LO('" li ad go 1H' nu1nh in tlw laniltr t·o 11rs1·" sl<'lrlt'd at f' iµht i11 tll(' 111 orni11µ. 11 11d lini,.;h (' d al I p.111. I'd lll o,tl y ,; ta11d 011 u1w s pot. by thc blad hoard or th e dt',.; k. 1111 111outl1 worked. hut tlw hodv ,.;tood "till. .
.
;11ul l'n-czing. Th e !Janel in whi ch J held th e pi ece of cluilk wa s blu e with co ld . Much late r 111 v lrirnd " told 1m· th ;1t it \\' <b th e11 . when they 10 111 11 1 out ;1 hout th e 11u111b toe,.. th<1t tll(' v rr·a l- iz1·cl <i t l;1,.;t hn11 cold it ll'<l S i11 th e i1 olll a11 ia11 i11-
"till1ti o11 ,; ol th e
·so".
(V. M .. 89)Thi ,; wa,; tl1 <' torturP ol 1111' lif'1 '. It" "" ;d11 <110- ro le! i11 11·int<' r. \r<' had tu µ-a tlwr all i11 tilt' ,; 111 e1 !J ('S t 1'()() 111 IJ 1'1'<lll" (' it ll' <l :" !'ibii'I' l fl 11<11'111 llj J.
,; i1H·(• 11 c· Wf'rr 1na11 1 allll 1rn1 ild t<ilk . 11 l1il1 · tl1e·
old er 01u·s ,.; 111 okf'd. 1111til it li r·( ·a 11 11· <1 liit 11ar1111 ·r.
little ill lit1l <'. (11. J). :\ ..
\\'i11t<'r" 11 cr(· a tortu rf' . I rr·11H ·11il 1n 111 · l1<1d (1111d ,; till do) l11r li11i11µ-. 11 l1i 1·h '"' u,-1·rl to put 011. -\11nray. 11 c· did lwtlt'r. 111· l1<1il <111 (·lcC'tri c stm e. \\ c· pl11('(·d it i11 011 1· ol tl w rno111, a11 d sto()( I all arou 11d il. 111 0,.; tll' i11 tl l(' lwil roo 11 1.
111 th(' kit chC' 11 thr· µ:a s "love· wa ,; 1·0 11 ti1111alh turil('d 011 - ll'h <' ll thcrf' W<l" ga". tlwt i,.; - a11d th e· doors wc·1T ldt opr· 11 t.o 11 <11' 111 t 111 · 11 l1 ol1·
hou,; c. (H. D . . \ .. 3)
\rh at ca n I . E1·r r1·01u· k1101"' it. i11 11 i11-. ters it wa s co ld r r i11 sidc th a11 outsid ('. 1111il 11 01 water onl y rarely r111111i11µ- (ii at al l). Ca,""' ,;ca rcc too. 1·,1wc iall v i11 11 i11Ln. C11,.; '"" ,u 11 t·;i k that l'O ll co uld11 't (' \'(' JI li ght up tll(' ,.;[()l' I' lllll'll- (' I'>' . 111 ordn to I)(' ah l1· to ('()Ok. p1 ·11pl1 · 11 ,1·d t11 µ:(' t 11p \TI'\' i11 tl11· 111 orni 11µ. lwt11 <'1·11 <111il .) a. 111 .. w Ii (' 11 µa,; 1111,; a I 1 i t ,.; I rn 11 µn. I I 11 r r JI w ii iii ,;o. C.
.J..
96)I usc· d to 11 01-k in tl w Statr· :-ie1urit1 lkp11rt - 111 e11t. I u:wd to co 11 w ho111 r· lro 111 11 ork toµ-1 ·tl1 n 11 ith llrn l'O il r·agu c,.;. a11d 11·1· 11 al kt'd to tlw
,; t<lli o11 . ll'l11 ·1T tl ll'n' 11 a,.; a pul1. \\ !'. ii t«ill it " \l ilk- 1(·µ·, .. or li <1 il t11 ,.; t<1 111l ... I n· 111 1· 111licr ,;0 11H'thi11µ 11i 1T ... 11 1· 11 11 ('(' l1<1d scvc r1il hef' rs and wc·11t oil. On 011r 11'<11'. 11 1· "a11 <1 lady opening tlw ll'i11dows of llf' r hou,;f' to rd r('.-d1 th e air i11sid e. And we "houtccl at lwr: " I lcl'. la1h.
cl osr th r wind ows! '' - .. \\li v sl1 rn ild J'I" - " jt'_, µ1· t·
tin g ('() Id oubid(·!" lnd ec·d. it 11-,1, ('( ililn i1i,;id l' tl1<111 011t,.;id1'. Hea ll l'! ,\nd that " ''' ti ll' jok1· tli 11t went ;1ro u11d : don't opl' 11 t.111' ll'i 11d o11 1«11 1, 1· it ', gctti11µ rn ld outside. lik1 · th<1t. .. tl. 11. .
COLLECTION
P<'o pl c had alw<1 v,; rn llc (· tl' d th e· ,.;tr;i11µc ·.; ( tl1i11gs. Th ev ca11 co ll f'l' l. 11·hv 11111. t·11· 11 1· 111pt 1 wrnpp111µs.
i-\ s IV ( ' had i11 tl1 c· \\ or 1· l1i,.;1·
lri 1· 1uk 11'1 0 l'11jmc·d Llii, pri' il ege. Ill' rr·cl' i\l·d
II itli diffl0/'f' nl kind,. or\\ ('Slf' /'11 food prod- lll'l" - <·o llt·('. cl1ocolate. l'l1<·11 i11µ- gu111.
d1o('(Jlatl' a11d all of' clillrrr nt Tlil·ir l1allo ol' 1·xot i<· 11 l'"' cc111 1c 11 ot 011lv rro111 Lili'ir 'l'<in ·it \ or tlll'ir t;1,;ll'. 11·hi C' h l'o ulcl 11ot ha\'(' lwl'll 1·0111p;in·d 11 it li that \\'<I" <l\'ailablc·
i11 l{ o111<111i a. IJut al"o. al ll'as t ror 11" till' d1ilclrl' 11.
11·0111 till' 11ra1>1Jill!.!>. Slii11i11!£. ,.,,i,l1i11!!. r!Old<·11 L l "- L ()/' -ih1 '/'I'. 11itl1 all kind"
or
dra11·i11 g,; or;111d 11 itl1 all ki11d,; or sli apt'" · tli<' 11 rappi11µ-s \\'{' /'! ' 1lw 111il\ 0111 ·,; ldt. al'tn \1li<1t tli l' \' had hiddl'l1. . . flll' 1·11111i'ill' 11<1' 1011µ- f!O l/I'. 110 lll <llln 11 0\1 ('ill/- liu11 .-i1 111· l'IJll,llll lt'd tlH'ill. 011 t'\!Jl'l'".""
1·h11,1·11 ()('('<l,illll, ,
I k1·pt tl11 ·111 i11 a bi g ('() llc·c· lwµ-. a11d
;11Ta11gl·d. Tlw1 i<mn l' d this 11<1) a co l- lc·t ·ti o11 tl1 ;1t I \1as t·:-;a111 i11in g l'ro111 ti111l' to ti111l'.
(),1 thl' otlH'r hand. 11 e l'o uld C' xcha11gc th e111 '' itl1 tl1t· utlic·r" girl ,- in tli r da,.s. and br- 1«1 111 c· \! '/'\ i111p ort<111t wlH'11 WC' had lo writ<' down i11 "d ian. IH 'C«l ll"l' 11 c· crn ild 11,;c· tl1l'111 to adorn th1· l'"!!t '. till' 111 01T 111otlt ·\ a11d shin in it \\'a,;. till' 1111Jr1 · <1d11 1in·d it 11a>'. a11d ddi11itl' h- l1·d to 1111' llJl"lll'f!'I' ol popul ;1ril\ or till' p1 'NJll 1rli o l1;1d
;1rra 11g1 ·d tlw paf!1 '.
'l'IH' rn ll1 ·!' ti on a11d tlH' ,;rn1holi!' ;111d alTc·!'ti\l·
i11\ l'>'tllH'll1 or tli('S (' \I rappi11µ-s. \\<I S i11 tJw '80',; a 11 id1·l1 ,pn ·ad IJl'<ll'ti l'c'. TIH' i11 "l<1111 l'oll<·<· hoxl', 111· 1·1· 11 ,1 ·d LIJ kc·1·p 1111' ,uµ-ar. ,i111pll· rnlllT. 11liil1·
1111· t :1J1-;1-Co l;1 t"<lll' IHTa 1111 · pl'l1 cil li old 1·r". till' 1· 111p1 _1 l11Jttl l·, rrn111 till' lon·iµ-11 dri11b 11·<·n· di,;-
1·d 11 ith prid1· i 11 tlH' 11i11clo11 ol tll\' liookC'a "t"
IOf!!' llirr II ith tilt' CO ll C'l'l iOll or clii11 cl. 'J'lit')' jJl'C'-
,; (' /'l (' d tl1i,; the plrasurr of' using \rcstern
o!Jjl'('b. ll'lii cli becam e a 11wa sure1u e11t of pres-
1 ig(·. ( I (>0)
COLLECTING
TI/(' pnJ('ti !'1' 11a" ali,;olut<·I\' <·0 111pul"or\' l'or all tl1 CJ,;(' lwlo 11gi11g lo 01)(' l'or111 or erluc;itio 11 01·
a11ot li er. 011 (' co ll ected tll!' 111 ost diverse 1wpn. old iro11 thinf[s. hottll's and jCJr,;. 111 edi cirl<li pla111,. <1l'or11 ;111d co nkn,; . Ea ch "t1Hlc11t
..
)oblif!'l'd to C<irry out a entai l/ qua11titali\c ' 11onll or the aho\'C'-1ll c11ti o11 cd Th ere· '''!' I'(' eve n to be give n out. on wliicli u<·casio11.
i11 tl1r 111ost festive atrno sphrre. tlw 111ost ··('ol- lrctor" ('0 /lUr(]tUl (ltf'd for tli(' l/l</tf'ri<JI ua ilJ-1:"' r r·1Td for IT('y cli 11g. Tli<' prizc 'I! .'i(llllt' ·· 11 a,t1 · papf'I' .. : .. The Book or tl1t' o u11g l1io11('('1' ...
·· Po<· 111 " alJout \Iv Countr\' a11d P!'n plt:'. 1·t1" ( 11) The childrc11 11·<· rc· ·'c·11couragt·d" i11 al'li1 it or co ll ecti11g the n1at1·rial" that co uld lw IT('\(' IC' d.
Ci\ i11µ- tllC' f'act that tlil' C'O ll (·1·ti11µ or (I 1·1· rt;ii11 qu <111tit1· 11'<1" <·0111pul"on-. tl1 <1l i1H'l't' <1.-1 ·d 11itli C'<ll' li \l' <lr 1ii<1t p;1,;,1·d. tlil'll tl11 · 11·l1 olc· tlii11µ li<1d 110 t·l'lil'iC'1H·:: wl1at"O<'\l'I" IH'l«I U:'! ' tll!' pa - rl' 11t,; 11mild hri11g r<' cc ipb and tl/(' 111 !> 11 1•\ 11c ·n·
to lw /'('('(' i' c·d tlH' "choo l. (0. l .. :H>)
111 :·(·ar of' :-c hool. in rir"t µrad c·. I 11«1s th e tall!·st. Olll' u 111 i111a!!ill(' till' i111p <1(· i tli ;1\
had 011 tli (' othn". r would tnroriz c tl1 (' /ll . I
\l'OUJd J'rif!:lilc11 tiil' lll. f \\'OUJd til('lll. J'i11 <ii - Jv ... A11d th ere 11TrC' so 111 <· norm s to lw rullillc·d . a11d I. IH' inµ the lwad ol' rn y cla ss. had to ,.;et a11 c·xa111pll'. .. 13<-cau"e I had to hri11µ- ;1ro1111d tmi li;iµ·"· I do 11 ot k11011. a r1·11· kil o" ol' rn11k1·r, a11d ,;t1ill 11lii l' l1 I 11 ould g<1tlin. for i11,;t;1111T. lro111 tl1t· Caro l Park. I rc·11H·11ilwr lwi11 g d1 ;1:'f ·d II\
,;011H· µ-11C1 rd " I tn·"pa"'" ·d ;in·a. 11111 it tunl('d out all rif!lil. Yes. 11 011 I n·111\·111hn. tlit·
Tl·cl111i"al wa,; i11 tl1at <ll'('<J ,;01111·11l1t·1'('.
a11d I 11a,.; 11ot allml'(·d to go i11. Tli<' tl1i11µ 11itl1 till' ('(J11kn." 11 <1s <·xp lai11r·d to 11, 1'11· 1011011 i11g 11«1:': ilws1· l'llllk<·r." 11·c· 1'(' lor !Ill' pli <1r- 111a<·<·uti"" i11dL1'tl'I. that i,. ,.;01111 · ,.;1d1,1;111t·1· 11 a.-
r xtra ctcd out ol' thf'st' co 11kns. tlia1
would encl
up
in th e finite produ ct. that is. i11 the rn rd icin c. l do not sec th e logic beliilld it.why s Ii o u I d w r e n d I e s I v f! a t I / e r ;ii I t h o s c·
c·o11kns. ll'll('re 11 c1T all tli r"e co 11kf'I',.; ,.;torc·rl.
11 hat liapp l· 11 <·d to tl1l'111 ii' tl/('\' 11·<·n· 11 01 i11 ,.;0 1111 · \\'<II ' or a11otl/('r ...
\\ (' had (I limit
or
IH'r 111 011Lli <111(1. IH'-!'aUS(' tliC' 11C'wspapcrs werl· \\ (' 11 rHild pHt i11 the l1aµ- brick that we co uld l'i11d i11 tllf' . scl100Jy;ir<l - until rcaliz r d Ilic tri l' k ;111d ,.;tMl<'d to cli cf' k (up until tllf'11 . tl1 e1· ju"t 11< ·iglwd
tiJC'111 <1 11d th<1t wa" it). (0. S .. 120)
I do 11 ot k11(Jll' about tlH· otl1rr cJa ,,.P,., but I n·11H·111hn tl1at 11T did 11 ot f!<1tl1 f' l'l'rl _jar,.. hut thi"
'"'' al..:o 1·xph1i1H•rl to'"·· jars were n·1-ycl ed. Th<1t i:'. i11 <l 11ubhelL once the _jar with :;tcw or so 11H·- tl1i11g ebe was fi11i shed. 011 e should tak e it to :;0 11w recycl i11 g re 11ter. and tllf' jar. after it wa,; in- deed - - wasli ed. let us l1op e. would c11d up in co m111erce, with anoth er stew .. or with ,u 111 r tl1ing eJ,. e. (.S.
C..
5)II u1w did not gat her bottlcs a11d jars. onc·
had to pav ,;0 111 1· fr1·: if one did 11 ot f(at lwr wast<' l"l Jl!'r. it 11'<1" th e ;.;<1 !JH '. \II :;o rt ol ;.;tuff wa;.; gath-
<· red: old iroll thi11gs. 111 cdi ci11al pla11ts. co 11kn:;.
a11d acorn,. I would ga th er co nk er:; witl1 111y fo- tlwr who us<·d to live 011 Ca ira \'ictori f' i. ( l J 4.)
COMPUTER
'l'l1 c· l'ir,;t rn 111putn th<1t appca rr·d offi ciall y i11 Hu111a11ia 11a,; I IC 8.1. 111e1d f' i11 Homania at .. [lcl'- tro11ica .. BuchMesl. It m1" so 111 e of co 111put- n . It did 11 ot re se mbl e th e co mput ers f'ro111 11 owadays. Before HC 85 th ere were no comp ut- ers a11d we did not import either. There were no ,;tO I'{'" likl' tocfay wh ere one could buy th em.
r
f!Li""" it wa,; l'orbiddl'n. \re had ti ght rclati o11"
\\ itl1
n
''"'ia . b" with tlw \r1· had radio:'.lh1 ,;:' ie111 T\" li11t 11ot frnlll Lilf'
·\l'tc r
·ss
vou were allowed to have a co 1u- putn lwcau"e they were offi cially admitted. I k11 011 tli <1t vou were not allowed to ha Vf· a vid eo or a ,;att··llitr a11tP111ia. Th ere wa:; 110f11tern et. al- tl1011f!h tlll'11 tlJC' l111J·rnl't 11-.1;.; j11 st at. the lwgin- 11i11µ. I had e1 rn 111putPr after·s.s.
had11111· !'or :;ale. I took it at a ' eco nd-h anrl lro 111 that per,011. I paid
l5. 000
lei. lt was a big square box. It l1ad a11 attach ed tap e reco rd er for cas-Th e keyboard was also incorporated . I us t' d cassette' for programs and ga 111 es. There 11 0 lll OJJitor.
r
had a small Styort TV that I 1·011 1wdr·d to th e co 111putcr.I ll'ould l co uld create ce rta[n progra111s.
I 11 ould \l ath a11d Physics proble111 s. I 11 ou ld dn111. l cou ld t)1pe l<'xts. I cou ld 11 ot li ste11
c
to 111u sic. J co ulrl nut s1·1· l'il111s. I <·111ild 1111t 1·011- IH'ct 1111·q· JI' lo tllf' I 11tn1H'l. ,\ml. a11n1<11. it 11a, 11 ot allowed lw ca 11 sc a111 1·0 111JC'ctio11 ll'ith :'1JllH '- 011 c who li ved abroncl 11·as can· fulh :;crnt i11i z\' d.
Till' progra 111 Ll'<·d !'or tl1 r'c <·0 11qrnt1·r" 11a, BASIC. Later on. we had I IC 90. I bo11ght 01H' i11 '89 . it was better th :lll IJ C: 8.S. 111 tl)(' '8(k till' computer was in a rucli1n r 11tary pha,r· i11 Ho111<1- 11ia . lt 111ay have bee 11 heca u' c of th e crn:'o rship . of th e la ck of fre edom. I 11 Ho111ania. \V(' wr·r1· lil<c0 i11 a
.
isolated fro111 tllC' 11·orld. TIH11 i:-; wh\'..
th e co111put\'r was dilJi cult to <1('1JL1i1T a11d it 11""11 01 u11til after ·39 that tlw rc<il r·o 111p111t·r" ap- pean·d. (F.Z.i\ .. 148)
COMRADE
PoliLL' addre ss tern1 that rqilan:d
Wlt c11 a ··co 1nrnd<:· f' IH.i ed up hdorr a (·011rt ol' l1 ehlll' lwe<lllll' a ··(' iti zrn ... (:)I)
sl1c-"1·0 111rad 1<· 11 r· 1T n·f!<lrd1·d lik 1·
so 111 c Htprcmc authurit.ic,;. 1ak1· ,d1oo l
f'S for insta 11f'e. Tl1 ev used to ha vr· lull co l1orb ul fair-haired boys in th eir tow, such as th e hutch- er·s so 11 , th e dairy assi stant's daughter. who got all th e arlvantagf's i11 tltf' world bccau,1· dad th a11d 111 0111111 y occ upi ed slratf'g ic po,itio11:'. TI)(' ,;IH'-co11m1d es also used th eir pupil, !'or a whol r·
,;nir·' ol nra111h - to li1w up i11 qu1 ·u1· l'nr tlw111.
tu have tli e111 do their shoppi11f! l'lc.
.Ju ,l what wa s it that a sl1 <·-co 111rad(' 11·a, good l'or'! She taught us ho\\' to write. ta11ght ii,; ('<J l('U- showed us Ito\\' to ;;titclt 100,;1· i11
l'<IS(' \\ (' l'IHl1·d up lik e =- i11f!l f' Ulllll <Hri1·d lll t' l l.
SIH' <l l,; o L"cd to check tli(' ol' ou r ha11d- knchi<·h a11d l'i11t!er 11ails. Sllf' ,iJ ,.o lt·r·t11n·d u,; a lot abo ut wlten and ho11 11T "hou ld 11·r·<tr rn1t l'i- oneer. the loc<il version of :;coul. u11il'orn1. So hf'r i11volveme11t in our pri vate lives wa;.; co n"i dn- able really. She paid us 1110ntltly visib at ho111 e. it.
was he r duty to do so. ,ju st to s1T till' roo111,;
wlJC'rc we rlid our l10111 cwo rk a11d chr·ck 011 us doinf! so 111 c extra lio111 rwo rk .
l3<'atin;! at wa,; a rather u"ual prndit·r._
l'u11i sl1111 c11t 11«1s either i11c!il-iclual or \'fl llccti1T.
