Conference Proceedings
Reference
现代汉语单双音节同义词选择的限制因素 (Contraintes de choix des synonymes monosyllabiques et dissyllabiques en chinois moderne)
POIZAT, Grace Honghua
POIZAT, Grace Honghua.
现代汉语单双音节同义词选择的限制因素 (Contraintes de choix des synonymes monosyllabiques et dissyllabiques en chinois moderne). Pékin : Editions de l'Université de Pékin, 2000
Available at:
http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:83411
Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.
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