• Aucun résultat trouvé

جودة الحياة الأسرية وعلاقتها بسلوك المواطنة لدى الأبناء (دراسة ميدانية على عينة من تلاميذ مرحلة التعليم الثانوي بولاية الوادي

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "جودة الحياة الأسرية وعلاقتها بسلوك المواطنة لدى الأبناء (دراسة ميدانية على عينة من تلاميذ مرحلة التعليم الثانوي بولاية الوادي"

Copied!
18
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)359. . 2017   14

(2)   24 

(3) 

(4)

(5) ‫

(6) א 

(7) א א‬.    ð^ßeù]ï‚Öíß]ç¹]Õç׊e^ãjÎøÂæí膉ù]ì^é£]ìçq  Dë]çÖ]íè÷çeëçÞ^nÖ]Üé×ÃjÖ]í×u†Ú„éÚøiàÚíßéÂî×ÂíéÞ]‚éÚí‰]…E.      .  .  *gã2Öð^3_K_.   

(8)  ‫"!        ﺑ‬#$ %& '(#)$ '* 6 7 28 9#: ;<

(9) , ;<

(10) , 300 / 01 & %& 21   (3 +, ,+.$  

(11) =01  $ >;? #      =01 @A)   B $ FC‫ﺑ‬D E($ G$  

(12) 7     7  !"&   HI)$ 7(JD ::, M(N$  $ "7":)K6 @A)   , $ & ;1")$ FPQ RS) GT#,     7 U IVW3 $6 7X M(Y   @& FZ2[ \$V$  

(13) 7 U IVW3 $6 7X M(Y   :]D 7W^0  _1 

(14) ` a3 RK U bV

(15) K ,   , &)6 de)$ 7f g1 h

(16) )i  j1k)$ H1 )& c m:e)1 \$n _ 1 _ k)$ B ^$ o&)6 p j#N, U FF@"&[ jI  ,lf  Fq#<)r s:1 +0 FIt&D W  Q jK< B u[ @)p6 FB 2v$ +

(17) #)$ 

(18) W(1 ;<

(19) , , 

(20) ,    :W)N  7

(21) k$. KK#$‫א"א‬% ‫ א"!א‬، ‫* א א‬ lacheheb_asma@yahoo.com @ @kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(22) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(23) 2017   14

(24)   24 

(25) 

(26)

(27) ‫

(28) א 

(29) א א‬. 360. @ @ò߇Ôß '")K +w @0$ ;1 x:$ b

(30) Su t! U ZW  y)$    @ N1 z)# 

(31) #$   (Yt)$ )2 23 YV$ 9{< > J _k | X3 ,

(32) & b0

(33) D o)$ 7<f  T, a3 Lambiri et al }(K~ BR:16"uD 0Y ,+

(34) #

(35) $ N

(36) )i _1 U vW:$ B(ˆ$ ‰{:$ G )f1 %& &)6 V)!6 76l  U    @ N< @)p6 fY)$ %&    R‫‹ﺛ‬, l)2 BŒ V)!6 )6 +

(37) & nK Ž  F1 "pY($ 76#1 V)!6  )f1 Y08 '")K %& x:$ 7#<)l<

(38) $ R: ‘  #$ jv’  #$ (pˆ1 W‹ “V,6 jI Y ,7&Q (Y W oW1 m` %& pR‫‹ﺛ‬, ”:f FFFF$$ •{  m<)l  @ N1 %& (‫ﺛ‬D – ;RSn (! a3 |#$ b$ W U(#  lN26 a3 U0v$ TS$ GD X3 2f2[ 7#<)l  _1 #$ U  ^

(39) $ ‘  #$ b

(40) ku ;? >;p 7D F7#<)l  U If$ 70)#  kY %& ˜$X Pk#2 Y0v$  ™  1 '*   

(41) %& p‫ﺑ‬D  ^ nK  y)  7#<)l  @)p a3 (p ˆ$ {

(42) V1 %& nš \$V  › (y  &)6 7!"#$ ˜kN, h#$ o1, F1 <& m<)l  U u($

(43) f$ & ! +0$ 1 ˆ1 m(, _ $ m<)l   oW 2 m` bf1 (0) 6 @&  [ _1 $W œ

(44) K a3 m $ ;p GD ! _1 b

(45) #  V j:0)f  _1 ' š Pp & $ , , f$ V)!6 &)6 ”#V (1D   l q

(46) & \

(47) yV 1 D #f$ ž‹<y$  #e$  )<) 6 U k ’ (v    <ˆ  jv’  }  Fq{IŸ m<)l  7dY jk$ qw

(48)  1 %& 0$ \$V$ _  &3 $gf1 _1 z TQ j<{), o)$ oY m<)l  U0v$ Z  j02 z& q <, o&)6 _1 œ0‘ U ]f   7:

(49) y)1 FpW3   #, o)$ m<)l  (Y 2f2[ +0$ :òaŠ‡Ûa@òîÛbØ’g -1 )2[   _1 $& 7 )f1 œ0‘   2¡& 7‘  1 }D :, 0$ £#< ,}f2[  _0:f £)W D_ 1C" }D  6 BD ,Žf2[  U   ”

(50) y), 7  70$ ˜

(51) )< B;$ ,qID q))23 %& Pk#, o)$ q

(52) K _1 }f2[   kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(53) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(54) 361. . 2017   14

(55)   24 

(56) 

(57)

(58) ‫

(59) א 

(60) א א‬. ,¡#$ ;? f)  o0)$ U(#  @0)$ m1 j1#)$ ) < qk< o)$ 72k1[ j ‘ +) ‰W ,T)  0#)$ +f), o)$ 1 $  7:

(61) y)1 :&D  1 U ¤l$ > #u q)$#Y œ0‘ 7

(62) a3 70)#1 +! 7p¥ 71

(63) #1 _1 (N$ G$ 1 j F2"fN$   " q

(64) & œ

(65) y 1 3 U  U ¤l$ œY )$ ($ 7f g  ]D 1959  2

(66) u( U 0& B;$ fN$ {V$ (’g1 \D ,j 0  _1 }D a3 jn ,  ,N

(67) )A  +p <2 jW(1 U (Y £#, o)$ 1 k Rw 1 k _$ $ u[ nK 1)p “$   , }D “N©$ fN$ {V$ œ0‘ o)$ j1 #$ +pD }D PN$ +

(68) & U (0  œI0 _1 \:nD X3" ,+I‫ﺑ‬D  (, U <

(69) f$ ”$  M(y$ a3 j1 #$ +pD _1 ™D j q,W j:0)f1 U (8g, (N$ W _1 a 7 f$ U  ^$ ”$ D F3"j:0)f  U q

(70) jke, o)$ o<fQ o&)6 ªN$ <$ %& R‫‹ﺛ‬, =$ (vD _$ $ } k }D o0y  _1 G(KD W2 _1 ,Y0v$ +pN<

(71) $ }   }"n  W2 _1 Y" ‫©ﺑ‬$ •0#$ ‫ ﺑ‬7VAu U _:)$ }D “ 0$ _k< ;$ ,“#Y Ÿ:1 jke ‫ ﺑ‬de, %& }<  4"de)$ 

(72) <& ‫ﺛ‬D #:)  $ $ ”$    7!"#$ & . 08 :, «:,(. +I& p jv’ o)$ ($ $#$ :{    1 1 !"#$ >;p b2 }­Y q#1 œY )$  ¯ m! $ m1 j1#)$ ®(Y +? 7(Y ,    71 01 ‫(!  ﺑ‬N)$ NQ 9Y($ !"#$ >;p  X3 1D ,

(73) V{  fN$ {V$ m)<)$ a3 ˜$X j GD :  %& 0$ @& j$)$  U S$:  D ($ @& (ˆ2 ,      RK 2° U @)p6 C ! FªN$ /(y6 G )f1 f‘ +8 _1 ,ªN$  #N26 o&)6 G )f  %& ‫œ ﺑ‬Y , U )] >;p <0$     “")W Putnam 1995 ,@,  ±N F+.$ fN$ {V$ m<)l  U k ’ (v    <ˆ  #,  } k ;] ‰W _1 7&   F‫©ﺑ‬$  (, f g1 +pD jv’ ˜$; op ,5 m<)l  U o&)6 “µ =D jv’ op j0 œ

(74) #), 'pD :

(75) K)1 fI 7dY Z"8 _<  ^$ 7w } $ hn 0$ Y0v$ m<)l  7)W «:,(, G(KD (N$ 7)W jV), 'pD Y(#  ]D  #, o)$ f g1 “"K _1 '  ^$Y ;$ FV)!6 &)6 @ @kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(76) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(77) 2017   14

(78)   24 

(79) 

(80)

(81) ‫

(82) א 

(83) א א‬. 362. m<)l  * _1g o)$ M"K +0$ m:e)  \$V$ _   a3 

(84) I  r(  1 p #1 ¶#)$ 

(85) :0)f   7:

(86) y)1  1 %& 0$ q·, q T)#  U0v$ o&)6 :$ U R: R‫‹ﺛ‬,  <

(87) $ }D b:8 X3 , 

(88) <) q

(89) & \

(90) yV %& @ 0 ˜ )1 o&)  a3 “ n $ &)6 +0$ 1 ˆ1 TT#, B ^$ F6q·, q<! m<)l  CT)&6 3 G )f1  !"&  , jp : 

(91) $ ªI($ “¹f)$ œv:2 Mf$ ;p “"K _1 ?q2: B;$  

(92)   +W  Q ‫ﺑ‬ ZòaŠ‡Ûa@pbîš‹Ï −2 bSn E(S$ ;? ,o<

(93) #$ H  7 yK :,­ q1 œ0{) )!g1 "W (N$ z)#, : )$ {$ %&  $ 7(Y :1#$ (N$  

(94)        IVW3 $6 7X !"&  , 6 FB 2v$ +

(95) #)$ 

(96) W(1 ;<

(97) , G$ :ITQ 7(N$ 

(98) W(1 ;1",      7 U IVW3 $6 7X M(Y  , 6 -1 FPQ '")K B 2v$ +

(99) #)$ +

(100) #)$ 

(101) W(1 ;1",   

(102) 7 U IVW3 $6 7X M(Y  , 6 -2 FPQ '")K B 2v$ :òaŠ‡Ûa@Òa‡çc −3 :a3  $ >;p ' +

(103) #)$ 

(104) W(1 ;<

(105) ,       G )f1  !"#$ _& hek$ − Fq$  

(106)  B 2v$ GT#, ;1")$ G$     7  M(Y   2k13 _& hek$ − FPQ RS). RS) GT#, ;1")$ G$  

(107) 7  M(Y   2k13 _& hek$ − FPQ kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(108) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(109) 363. . 2017   14

(110)   24 

(111) 

(112)

(113) ‫

(114) א 

(115) א א‬. :_1 )]D  $ <)f, :òaŠ‡Ûa@òîàçc −4 j<#$ U0v$ ¤)N26 o $ k)$ o<

(116) #$  y)

(117) $ &)6 de)$ (f1 c − FB f$  

(118) /f) %& >&f, +0$ R#  _1 

(119) ` (N$ /f3 %& +pD ™    ^$ U (p Q ¼x$ _1 }D _1 7 $ q$3 b

(120) n , 1 − }D ¡#$ 7RS)1 m1 hk)$ %& jNy$ &f £#f, }D ,&)6 de)$ 7f g1 F>0 _<t, o)$ 71 0  ˜

(121) )< 7(i h# _1 :2 ±N, ! o)$ ½I0$ 9# %&  t$ «

(122) f, U +pf, ™  − e)2 /:e$ G$ o<0$ @ˆ$ h#t œ

(123) #) Y nK &)6 de)$ 7f g1 F":0)f1 m<)l  ! qY E^N «  U '({26 (pˆ1 U +pf, }D _k< ,    =0$ D ¤^! U  $ ]D jv<),  − ”2 Q $ $ 

(124) 1#  ”$ D  (YD  :#e)  

(125) K)  7!"#$ #: +Y F@& jke  {

(126) $ N

(127) )A  0Y ;$ ,jNy$ #1 j1#) o)$ 7#<)l  aD  z)#, :òí‹þa@ñbî¨a@ñ†ìu −5 Fo&) ªN2 @ N<  %& ®K jke )6 PN$ 

(128) & T :o&)6 ªN$  ˆ  _1  h(#, −1− 5 ,@$ 

(129) n D o:)$ D ¾T$ l)2 (N$ Y ‹e o)$ $ &Q ˜

(130) ,  V0 _kf1 U & ¶#, ‫©ﺑ‬$ a &)6 de)$ op &Q >;? a $gf  } k, FW  2 D ?kuD (SnD U op ,  D  (! W a3 œt$ £#   Re, D )– D p& } k, ]‫ﺑ‬D “ K D @&  a3 )’ ! ‫ﺑ‬D @D /D F

(131) I& D T’ “N _$ $  D _$ $  7!"#$ _1 & 2 a3  «<2" Re +t# t& 7p¥ U  #N26 /

(132)  U R: ,N, 7N),  ¼žD F#1 F7"z$ +f) (K° 9#:$  #N26 '$ +f),  9#:Y ,(K° 9#:$ {2 9#:$ & 1#2 D N#  9# (YD  « (, o)$ !"#$  ! ±N 1 ;p F+ &)6 fN$ +&$ jYk)$ %& Pk# 1 p (K° @ @kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(133) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(134) 2017   14

(135)   24 

(136) 

(137)

(138) ‫

(139) א 

(140) א א‬. 364. j&N), o)$ ›#$ _1 & <r _1 } k) o&) œf ©$ B u[ (ˆ (‫› )‹ﺛ‬#$ 0 %& œf$ ;p U ¡& j (8gY k e)1 7!"& y (, X3 ,t# m1 3 ”¯ j ,jVN1 jke T >;p _1 T j +N +) 6 œf$ ;p +Y }­Y ;$ ,* F9#:$ t# m1 T >;p j&N, N : +k‘ o)$ & 0$ −2−5 œf$ ;p t&D

(141) U +k{), (8g, #1 & 0 @ kÀ o&) œf  }3 Fo&)6 m:y)$ _1   & 0$ >;p My2 U ({), +

(142) ¾X2 j#¥ Rw o< jke  (YD G$ Y(#1 } k, ! { & 0$ >;p } k, ! d:$ m1 

(143) &N, , jK o&)6 j&N)$ U +k{), )$ )

(144)  U op \› (8g  , (Y ªN$ œY )$ %& & 0$ >;p ¤  2(1 G1 (8g ,š 0Y , G1 %& m<)l  U If$ &)6 +0$ R#<

(145) $ & 0$ >;p (f1 G1 Fq#1 o&)6 : }C , −3−5 ,I0 %& ÁN '* K 

(146) K ™C , %& ˆY{  a3 (<)   £#f, hV) }D > ”¯ B;$ }C )$ ;p T&T D T. }D “ 1 j @0, ˜$X j op p <$ #:, RS)$ _1 à * Z }D E^N &) 0f2 Nn Y ,1$ RS)$ _1  2 ZW­ :$y1 oY ,@)$ 7:v$ ‫ﺑ‬D hV), 6 o)$ * y{  '(ˆ$ F(<) "$ o{V$ (, o)$ 7"K  U +k{)

(147) $ fk#$ ;S)$ 

(148) <& %& (yf$ p  “‘ ˜

(149) , nK 70)#  9#  B ! m2  W h0, }W _1 Rv oNY ,©$ ,h!  ;p _& z#1  j:! _1 9Y($

(150) } k ,({)1 kYD pz)#, o)$ ˜$X %&   jK 6D ”¯ 1  a3 jK }D ”¯ µ 0)2 

(151) <# @ 0, ‰{ (f1  ˜ ’ }C , G1 %& h!  >;p (8g, fk#$ ;S)$ 

(152) <& jke), FIt& o&)6 ªN$ œY )$  )$  «{  m<)l<

(153) $ :   h(#, 4−5 Taylor et. } 

(154) , Y(& X3 ,   @ N1 ‘ “ W ° 7#, 0$. kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(155) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(156) 365. . 2017   14

(157)   24 

(158) 

(159)

(160) ‫

(161) א 

(162) א א‬. F8"#f$ W($  #e$  U >0 (N$ " ™D %& Rogdan (N$ )<)  " ™D %&    h(#, a3 Good 1994 ,  ”pX Y    }D , q,W (N$ G( W BD a3 (K~ £#< D ,q,W U <  q,2k1­   ,{V$ ,j<#$ U (N$ G$ Y / w(   h! 1 Pk#, U  U >T( (N$ 3 ™D %& )Y(& 0Y  #$ {V$ <ˆ1 1D ,9"#<)l  ,q, )f1 ,q,#! , ,qYp‹ ˜$X !"& U qY ¶# B;$ +0$ œf2 ,Y0v$ M fN$ q)$W ,<fQ (N$ {V 0#1 0(y (‫ )‹ﺛ‬m  @ N1 p ,q,1)p FY ¶# o)$ d:$ U <  ”2 Q q)!"& ,&)6 q,!"& ,q$"0)  G )f1 72k13 hJ , 2k13 _fW" ™‹    Frank 2000 ,˜2(Y '(& W U } k, 2f2[ q<! >(&e1 qN # £1f)$ q2 (83 & [ 

(163) 0#$ }f2[ d  #1Q     “"K _1 ;p +) m<)l    ,   op 

(164) V{  F10 "”)$ h0v)$ +

(165) #)$ op 1p À 8"8 %& T^$ “"K _1 j<#$ hIJ $ @0$ %& 0$ {V$ #)1 ”2  _<t),    }D œ: – \t) N

(166) )A   76r U >D G )f1 %& ($ (N$  #u ,&)6 2:$ 

(167) 0#$ Fq))23 G )f1 %& /¯[ Pk# B;$ (1 )<) 6  Î

(168) a3 q Bg – ]D (X _k< ,   71 01 ‘ U +k{), o)$ j1 #$ #), ,q

(169) &   : )$ F7(0$ ;KD RkN)$ %& 0$ Ï1 F+k{)$ %& 0$ Ï2 F

(170) 0#$ 2fQ {V$ Ï3 F&)6 7!"#$ e#  “ W Ï4 Ft Y0v$ +0$ $ 70)#  Ï5 >( 1 q, $D ”,(, (N$ my)f   D %& o)$ V)!6 $µ  Ï6 F11+p 7Ÿg1 WD 0p(  “N©$     James JamesÒ K 2002 ,P< z)# Fp#‫ﺑ‬D _1   D #     @ @kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(171) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(172) 2017   14

(173)   24 

(174) 

(175)

(176) ‫

(177) א 

(178) א א‬. 366 :    h(#, 5−5. 2003 ,}(K~   Y(& ‰W ,   Q h#, & } $ @! )<)  ,m<l)$ D 0)$6 a3  (YD W m:e, p& o)$ $" ™‹ ParkÒ ParkÒ et al U ,"+? :f$ 1p z)#, o)$ +YpD Cl26 +.$ ®(N$ (Y , ,#1 +{  (YD U _$

(179) $ Q " ™D %& N(#, a3 Isaacs 2007 ,}(K~ PT ”pX W F12" #f$ D  p(YD G$ #f$  #e$ ($     ¼:, %& N(#)$ " œN) &Q jv’  , y), +VAu ?"K _1 <,  ¯ $#N2 7!"& +y (, _;$ +p #u +;$ +00{) p «:,(, o)$ +YpD œ0‘ %& +p&f, o)$ $ Fo&)6 ªN$ œY )$ U nK RK 7 f$ U (J #‫ ﺑ‬#)1 1 N1     z)#, Fnš 7)W6 BX D %& :V1 q, U } ,k(1 {)  76 $ j&N)$ :op   D #‫ﺑ‬D # D a3 :$ U Park et al 2002 ,}(K~   Nn ! @!  #  , #f$ ,©$  f  V)!6 $ ,$ $ 

(180) 1#  ,B U jv<), (Y 76r D ”2  :] fI _# _< NV, &­ Park    ”$ D D 10  ,)2[ ,{V$ ,&)6 #f$ ,µ d:$ ,$#N26 #f$ ,B j&N)$ :U 

(181) v<)   76l  D ”2 Q j<eY Žv$ #:$ 1D F  F13©$  f  V)!6 $ ,$ $ 

(182) 1#  ,1 $  N(#, U _RK _#:$ $  $ b:, :   Q oI([ h(#)$ F 

(183) $ #  =0  %& 

(184) & jV{)  $ =0 B;$    Q oI([ :òä aì¾a@ÚìÜ −6 _  '(#) , $ q,: q! 0W ‘ o)$ _  Nn %&   ÖN$ z# F $  ^$ 

(185) & œ

(186) y 1 œ( _& +

(187) #)$ 

(188) <& “"K _1 7: $ M 0 >;p %& @T)$6 q $ _  6 _1 ®K   T<),   }D %& 7 $ “, D B(Y jke j<#$ z& _ $ ;p o 1 0 m1 }#)$ /( +

(189) f$ U q)1A Fm<Q $3 :V o)$ 'p œ0‘ U & y, @D b2 <  7f g1 _< kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(190) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(191) 367. . 2017   14

(192)   24 

(193) 

(194)

(195) ‫

(196) א 

(197) א א‬. !"& D 2k1 :™‹ )6 +

(198) & = 1! U   '(#, : 

(199) h(#, −1−6 “ '(y$ @0 !"#$ >;p “"K _1 $ × m<)r o#: (Y  @ 0, &) $$ (N$  !"#$ >;p {), , $$Žv$ '(y$ a ) 6 $ _  F14<I0$ +k <ˆžD œ( _& >;p 2 ! <k‘ q)$ (N$  !"& _& z#,   }D %& h(#)$ ;p “ 2 0$ jNk,  ,Y(y$  $:)1 M 0W 7: !"#$ >;p %& ”,^ ,$$ 2 0$ >;p C¥ @& _<t $gf  _1 :2 :WV  <

(200) $ ( _1 Wf1 F)(<)  Y(y$ 0 ˜$; ÖN{Y o)$  f$ 0$ _

(201) $ 6 $ )26  #e$"op  Y ªN$  ˆ  _1 1D a3 Re,  Y ˜$;  RV  yK _1 7;$ Ø    7{

(202) $ V1 op F15"

(203) :$ E m1 !"#$ hn $ W Cl) B N& B)K '¡, Y3   qž‹  

(204) '(#  oK TYW BD } ÙX mY  &  (N$ j<# ‰W ,o< ($ $ £yA) oNJ $ F16+#1 }#)$ pt&D 0 &f1 &Q 'pD œ0‘ U ]f  a3 '. #‫ﺑ‬D 8"8 “"K _1 ) 01 _k<   #‫ﺑ‬D {)$ : 

(205) #‫ﺑ‬D −2−6 :op j! %&   D _1 œ

(206) y, Œ$ oY U08 Žf23 ¾)2   :)& %& :o<0$ oNf

(207) N$ #:$ −1 “#$ ( 

(208) & '#)  )$6    <pN1 \’ <! Nf

(209) Y #(1 FFF ^e  RV  7: $ M 0 & 0$ _1 

(210) ` <k‘ _ $ _   !"#$ }  :Ž 20$ ×f$ #:$ −2 m<)l  U l)  7

(211) f$ 7!"#$ ¼žD ‘  )$ oY <ˆ)$ R#  2 0$ œ ,7$gf  j<‘ 7(0$ XÚ U e  U œ 

(212) 1k$   M 0{ m)<)

(213) $ F7: $ @T)$6 j 01 ®(N$ gYk, “#$ f  R:#)$ (W U +0$ 7!"#$ 7

(214) f$ 7"v<)$ 1 ˆ1   ‘ :U0v$ o&)6 #:$ −3 F17m<)l  Y0v$ +ˆ< &) <! #1 #(<   \:V, ‰{ &)6 :U jv<), #‫ﺑ‬D fÛ a3   #‫ﺑ‬D +f0, a3 G(KD 7  b:pX @ @kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(215) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(216) 2017   14

(217)   24 

(218) 

(219)

(220) ‫

(221) א 

(222) א א‬. 368. &:‫ﺗ‬D D  2 ! &Q t&D {2 q  oI0

(223) )$

(224) f$ ˜$X o# :v[ −1 FVAe$ +"ke1 jW U +? } #$  1 nš +11  U +&f1 %& (8g, o)$ 7 #V$ 7"ke  ”¥ {2 q  (N$

(225) a3 Re, : k$ −2 jf, 71

(226) #  ((’ 7W^!6 +0, U R: jke +pf

(227) f$ ;p ,_(K° F<  Rw <   V +™#, +&f1 _<t) &Q j<& 7(3 “"K _1 _(K° &Q {2 Ÿ:  Rw (N$

(228) a3 Re :o R<t$ −3 oI0

(229) )$ V26 m! )  D '(#  G )f  _&  7 )f1 C @  ‹ @T)$6 F&Q & ! 7

(230) #, <ˆžD 7  a3 D jV‘ o)$ :   Rw u /#)  {2 (N$

(231) a3 Re, :($ ¤($ −4 a3 Y[ ,(1;, D G ku } t& 0 j:! _1 V, o)$ 1 N  Rw 7

(232) f$ F_(K° 7"ke< =fW[ zV$ \1f)$ q S2 “"K _1 (N$ .: o)$ 7e$

(233) f$ a3 Re :Bt

(234) f$ −5 F18 )yežD Y # )1 ,$3 o<) o)$ &l

(235) $ &)6  U q)e1 N(#, U RK P<š #‫ ﺑ‬$  $ b:, : 

(236) f$ oI([ h(#)$  

(237) =01 %& 

(238) & jV{)  $ =0 B;$  

(239) f$ oI([ FC‫ﺑ‬D E ‰W:$ >&D B;$ qe#2 B;$ ¡#$ }  _1 1& NV  

(240) ]D m:, : 

(241) 8~ −3−6 W %& −“ D b2 7ˆ1− 7&Q (Y q , o)$ 7{)$ +lW zk hV) V)!6 &)6 Y0v$ 76l  £)u U š d:$ “ B;$ m±$ RS)$Y ; ¼ St$ m1 £u) jke 7&Q (Y +k o<ˆ, Ý1 a3 ¾)‘  (yt1 d D z& :#V$ $#  >;p jW U Bx:$ ¡#$ ]D 7 p _1 ,+

(242) & (N  š F 

(243)  _1 o)$ q)(<)  q1D } U ]f  7

(244) f$ _1 

(245) ` q f3 D %& R: R‫‹ﺛ‬,  

(246) f$ }D 

(247) f$ 7 $ Z {:$ _1 Rvk$ bNe 0$ “"K _1 $#N$ Nk$ f‘ a3  

(248) Bg X3 ,7ˆ  7&Q (Y  ,19š 7 y)$ m1 (Y©$ m±$ hk)$ 

(249) <&  [   @A)  _fW 7&Q (Y j<&  œf)$ “V,6 j: f‘ a3 ÞN  

(250) }D  kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(251) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(252) 369. . 2017   14

(253)   24 

(254) 

(255)

(256) ‫

(257) א 

(258) א א‬. F)yežD ˆ, '")K %& 7&Q t&D G$ ($ œ0‘  #  ¤($ mY :òaŠ‡Ûa@wèäß −7 X3 ,m! $ U op  (pˆ$ hV B;$ Y ,oNn $ H  %&  $ >;p U <)&D Fp(YD  20  <! +8 m! $ ;p _1  $ & (A)  :òaŠ‡Ûa@òäîÇ −8 0$ :& _0)1 , p +(k$ :& ,<À 

(259) & e$ :7 28 ;1", _1 #$ b2 k, ;<

(260) , 156 156 a3 <f01 ;<

(261) , ;<

(262) , 300 #) ,2017Ï2016 ×$ + <

(263) $ ,B $ F $ }1 7f g  m<)l #$ jv’ @^W ‰W _1 I e& 0: 0(y ;<

(264) , 144 :pbãbîjÛa@É»@paë†c −9 =0$ D    

(265) 7 =0$ C‫ﺑ‬D =01 hk, +, , $ E(S$ F $ & (YD ;1")$       G )f1 Mn @A)  ,2 d:$ %& q! C‫ﺑ‬D E >&D B;$  

(266) =01 − <! %& jV‘ Ý:2( N‫ﻟ‬D j1#1 @A)  0Y 7:v$ 1D  Mn _1 ‹)

(267) $ <k{  F0F77 à 7!  } 8"8 “ y \:V$ _ ';W U b

(268) v’ =0  %& 7"#)$ 9# b(D ! 86 “  á$ jI Z"8 )& a3 Y3 ,$ #$ ” )$ 7:#$ 9# j#, q,:8 Y(y$ 20  0( @A)  q!n /fW &D +8 ,•n =0  U _<)#  F0F76 “ y$ \{V, #. ¼:,6 j1#1 â

(269) ! NV$ ITl)$ @A) . @A)  q,:8 /fW +, , _x& +t jI # D X     =01 − <k{  Mn 0( @A)  a3 Y3 q!n 1D 0F79 )<! bS

(270) o)$ Ý:2( N$ FY(y$ 20  0( “"K _1 IVW3 q1 ‹)$ +, 0Y :òaŠ‡ÜÛ@òîöb—y⁄a@kîÛbþa −10 :)K < _RS)1  !"#$ /f } R  ¼:,6 j1#1  $ 7<)& ”fž ™ k$ ˜$X ,7y )   M(N$  $ )f)1 Rw )

(271) 0)f1 )#$ 7 F(Y _1 œ0{)$ <k$  $ 72 Q#. :bèn“Óbäßë@òaŠ‡Ûa@wöbnã@2‹Ç −11 @ @kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(272) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(273) 2017   14

(274)   24 

(275) 

(276)

(277) ‫

(278) א 

(279) א א‬. 370. b

(280) n , IVW3 )Q#1 #  0  

(281) & ® V  72:$ m` 7D “#)  :$)$ HI)$ a3  $ :1#$ (N$ HI)2 e!1 E(& −1−11      IVW3 $6 7X !"&  , 6 "qžD %& 1#$ (N$ ½, >;p {n _1 œ0{)

(282) $ F"B 2v$ +

(283) #)$ 

(284) W(1 ;<

(285) , G$  

(286)      7  !"#$ _& hek

(287) $ } R ¼:,6 j1#1 @A)  +, (N$ 6 7 28 9#: B 2v$ +

(288) #)$ 

(289) W(1 ;1", G$  

(290) 7  ¼:,   %& “, o)$ 0F65/ 01 ¼:,6 j1#1 <! %& 

(291) V‘ ! B $ (N$ o:, (NV$ (N$ 9Y +, 0Y q

(292) & F0F01 $6$ G )f1 & “ ” 1        IVW3 $6 7X !"&  ," V2 o)$ 

(293) :$ F"B 2v$ +

(294) #)$ 

(295) W(1 ;<

(296) , G$  

(297) , )W ”W & _1 ‫©ﺑ‬$ q10, 1 “"K _1  } k l)$ RfN, _k< <2 7

(298) <& U ] â$  ”#

(299) , ,Nk  h! 1 m1 j1#)$ %& +:, a3 Y3 '$ } hy#$ q$ _1 jNy$ <)f X3 ;jn )$ %& 0$ o&)6

(300) f$ j 0   ,q$    7 )f1 mN,^Y 0v$ &le$ «:t$ +

(301) #) 0( _& }1 /f) o&)6

(302) f$ +

(303) #, U 1p   (YD  o&)6 j&N)$ ”#

(304)  \),  nK &)6 q)d  q#<)l< Q (N$ !"& }Y ˜$X a3 Y3 F20+0$ F21q$  

(305) > CT# 1 q#<)r <, U +pf, 7&` a3 @t26 q$ jk (1    q$ K £)W 6 $ _1  ^$ q,Rf1 “"K _1 (N$ }D   $ $ +0$ _1 

(306) ` q$ 

(307) :),  $ Hp  _1 & <r q0

(308) , œ( _& 

(309) W(1 q<

(310) #1     q)d: q:, q q#<)l q:{ q fW3 “"K _1 :, 1 0$ {  V %l), o)$ _

(311) $ qI)2 q1 &l

(312) $ )26  #e$ _1 qk< – qI"1C Yek$ ¾ YD   , '")K  "y$ 7ˆ  7&` U (Y ¼(A2 U 7Y°  À d:$ %& ÁN{

(313) $ u^$ _ $ E $ j _1 2:e$ 7#<Q F22 $  ? %& ˆY{  &)6 “N +

(314) #, }D _1 Seligman }S

(315)   q$3 jn , 1 m1 $  $ HI)2 b 0, kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(316) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(317) . 371. 2017   14

(318)   24 

(319) 

(320)

(321) ‫

(322) א 

(323) א א‬. 1& hV$ a3 /d)6 “#1 9N· jIN) 

(324) f$ RkN)$ 71 Ÿ#$ (<& U 7 (y6 E(1 _1 ! $ “ W kY _1 

(325) ` qI"1C 0Y @! ,Î

(326) :$ _ }

(327) V _1 1 ˆ1 <, 3 _1 ً ªN$ E(  m Z }D _k< B;$ @0)$Y ,fN$ ,#f$  #e$ ,

(328) :0)f  ¹($ :1 o)$ /:e$ G$ jItN$ 7Nk$ 70$ Henning et al}(K~ œp >g 1 p ,23FFFFFF ¯6 7!"#$ ,7;$ j:0, ,_)$. &)6 7!"#$ }D 7YD ‰W ,”y

(329) $ 2"D #1 :

(330)  %& p(D o)$ +)  U (N$ e# o)$ 7zš }D %& “ – 24+?&D +NIJ k:u  y, %& (8g,  0, q,

(331)  q,!"& %& Pk#, a q,W 7  “"K nK B « $ jK F f

(332) $ 7

(333) f$ ˜

(334) ,  01 G<     « ( – Î

(335) :$ _ U &)6 :a ITQ (N$ HI)2 e!1 E(& −2−11     7 U IVW3 $6 7X M(Y  , 6" qžD %& ½, o)$ >;p {n _1 œ0{)

(336) $ F" XÏZ23 PQ '")K B 2v$ +

(337) #)$ 

(338) W(1 ;1", G$ hek

(339) $ "7" :)K @A)  +, (N$ F+f '")K #$ (Y     7 U M(N$ _& '")K #$ (YD G$     7 oy )1  M(N$ $6 \  : 01 +! “ FZ23Ï XPQ ‫ا&ار‬. ‫ﻡى‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬. ‫درﺝ‬ ‫ای‬. "‫"ت‬ ‫ا و‬. "‫"ت‬ ‫ا‬. ‫

(340)  دا‬9. 0,05. 298. 2,21. 0,70. ‫اﻥاف‬ ‫ا

(341) ري‬. ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬. 

(342) ‫ا‬ "‫"ن‬.  ‫ا‬. ‫ال‬. 6.71. 44,12. 156. ‫إﻥث‬. 6.04. 43,79. 144. ‫ذآر‬. ‫ﺝدة‬ ‫ا

(343) ة‬ ‫ی‬2‫ا‬. #$ (Y     7 U M(Y  , 6 q2 >"&D “Q “"K _1 \t) op $l  "7" _1 (SnD  f{  "7" <! 7 0Y "F XÏZ23PQ '")K   @& %& ½, o)$ (NV$ (N$ “ :! +, 0Y q

(344) & 0F05 $6$ G )f1 & $ Rw B 2v$ +

(345) #)$ 

(346) W(1 ;1", G$     7 U IVW3 $6 7X M(Y " :_1 j q$3 jn , 1 m1 $  $ HI)2 /0), ," XÏZ23 PQ '")K ,Zhang et Norvilitis 2002 ,P)

(347) Y 2 H2C ,2000 $ ‫ﺑ‬D ,Hurst 1991 ,b p = Y$ ,Skrabski 2005 ,}(K~ okf (k  ,Kirsten et al 2003,}(K~ f( @ @kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(348) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(349) 2017   14

(350)   24 

(351) 

(352)

(353) ‫

(354) א 

(355) א א‬. 372. GT#,    U M(Y   @& %& #` 7D o)$ Lind Fors 2006 ,}(K~ a3 )

(356) n , )

(357) $ 2007  V1 2006 ”:W o)  m1 b#, W U FPQ RS). !(Y   a3 b

(358) n , o)$ 2010  Q  <À   Pk& Z2[ \$V$ M(Y   F25 ;$ \$V$ PQ RS) GT#,    U j1 &   Q }‹ >"&D  ;  HI)$ U R:k$ '")K6 ;p RfN, _k< V  ,7#! )$ ,pRw j:0)$ ” (N$ 7W : _1 

(359) ke, U +pf,   D '")K RS), j1 & op 267 >;p :u­ «:,(  od:$ Hf$ ,:uá$ W)  F$3 jn )  HI)$ %& Pk# – 1 b(A)  o)$ 7#<)l  7 $ 7& } ^    b

(360) n , !  <)  0p(  dY _1 $  $ & }D nK   a3 0p(1 445 (Y 2439 %& b(D o)$ Peterson et Seligman 2007 ,}S

(361)  _1 " "y) 6 ”W j1 ” é¯6 RkN)$ 7l,^   ” 1 “ ¼:, F27 _& ($ #f$ G )f1 U $  $ #$  ;$ Z2[  M(Y   @& RfN, _k< qžD BD '")K %&  ¯ RkN, 7l,^ 6 +")16 q&­  +W  Q +3 B:#$ (N& b

(362) n , ! ,   œ0‘ %& +p&f, 7l,^ 6 >;p ;+f IVW3 $6 7X M(Y   @& a3 #1 :$ ”$ 200 %& (D o)$ )  U F 28o:

(363) Ïé¯RkN)$ «<2 U fQ  M(Y  , 6" qžD %& ½, o)$ :2v$ ITQ (N$ HI)2 e!1 E(& −3−11 '")K B 2v$ +

(364) #)$ 

(365) W(1 ;1",   

(366) 7 U IVW3 $6 7X _& hek

(367) $ "7" :)K @A)  +, (N$ >;p {n _1 œ0{)

(368) $ F" XÏZ23 PQ FPQ '")K #$ (Y  

(369) 7 U M(N$ '")K #$ (Y  

(370) 7 oy )1  M(N$ $6 \  : 02 +! “ F XÏZ23PQ ‫ا&ار‬. ‫ﻡى‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬. ‫درﺝ‬ ‫ای‬. "‫"ت‬ ‫ا و‬. "‫"ت‬ ‫ا‬. ‫دا‬. 0,05. 298. 2,21. 5.90. ‫اﻥاف‬ ‫ا

(371) ري‬. ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬. 

(372) ‫ا‬ "‫"ن‬.  ‫ا‬. 7.65. 77.98. 156. ‫إﻥث‬. 16.50. 69.36. 144. ‫ذآر‬. ‫ال‬ ‫;ك‬  <‫اا‬. kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(373) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(374) 373. . 2017   14

(375)   24 

(376) 

(377)

(378) ‫

(379) א 

(380) א א‬. #$ (Y  

(381) 7 U M(Y  , q2 >"&D “Q “"K _1 \t) $l  "7" _1 z  f{  "7" <! 7 0Y "F XÏZ23 +f '")K (N$ o:,  (NV$ (N$ 9Y +, 0Y q

(382) & 0F05 $6$ G )f1 & $ op ,#<)r U £vž #: }D a3 ˜$X  # ! ,Z2[ \$V$ M(Y   g, o)$ 

(383) :$ Z2[Y   )26 ¤ _ $ 0

(384) #)  +0$ <$ :VK D 1 j#¥ !x$ ” $ D 2 0$ @^W @ˆ$ %& ˆY{  “"K _1 _

(385) $ z 6 _: o)$ q)  U u($ >D 1 ;p "y) 6 ”W e!  }#)$ ¤ o&)6 Z2[ }D a3 jn , ‰W o) k$ m<)l  U If$ +0$ _& :$ ”$ 300 %& p(D ê {2 (N$ mY jke, U  ”#

(386) , +0$Y F29 ;$ _1 N

(387)  ;  +0

(388) $ "1 (vD ê 

(389) <& U   D 1& p:)& _& "tY ,m<)l  pe o)$ <)$ œ0‘ Cl26 Nk$ ‘ j ,m<)l  (Y &)6  ‘ %& «0Y (8g, 6 +0$Y F‰{)$ F30o&)6 :$ %& ÁN U +f – , >;p * Gg, o)$ 7#1 06 _1 :$ :$1003 %& p(D o)$ q)  U 2003 N jn , ! œf2 ‘ ›#  o) k$ m<)l  )26 7 $D #‫ﺑ‬D “ W b2 o)$ ,)  _

(390) $ )26 U %&D 7 %& _

(391) V‘ Z2[ }D a3 ,qY If$ &)6 7)26 “ W   U }(K~ “"p D F31_ $ “ 

(392) :0

(393) $ 6 ‫ﺑ‬D _;$  ;$ 201  1 $D    (ˆ2  _1  2v$ 

(394) W(  :

(395)  G$   (pˆ1   %& } <I0$ }   pD Z2[ \$V$   (pˆ1 U M(Y   ,:

(396) y$ F32:

(397) y$ _1 (vD _

(398) $ )26 (&e1 _: 7:$y$Y Fb:$ U +p 1D $D +f, @ @@Zpbî–ìm@ë@âbÇ@xbnäna@M. W %& 7#<)l  (Y W U t0$ +pD _1     }D \t) œ: – <$ j!(#, }D _k< o)$ 7"ke  _1 Rvk$ BN)$   D &! jv’ ™ k$ (ˆ2 , 1p +0$ ”#

(399) ,  Fq$"K _1 qY ¶# B;$ m<)l  %& ‹)$ Pk# – (N

(400) $ +

(401) f$ ê ê _& "tY ,m<)l  pe o)$ <)$ œ0‘ Cl26 {2 (N$ mY jke, U   ‹, N ‘ U  _1 ? µ ,‰{)$ 

(402) <& U   D 1& p:)& a3 p £#f, oY ;$ “

(403) $ o&)6 :$ •& ÁN U +f – ,(Y©$ &)6 @ @kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(404) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(405) 2017   14

(406)   24 

(407) 

(408)

(409) ‫

(410) א 

(411) א א‬. 374. ê $ (0) 6 ? ”)k £)W +0$ >;p jv1 +&, F#1 qY ¶# B;$ « $ “"K _1 ”)$ z& (N

(412) $ *f3 _k< +0$ >;p }D b:8 ! “"K _1   }#)$ ¤ x2 z& #<)r D f g1 D &` D D }  z)#, ™  ,(Y 7

(413) U +0$ >;p R‫‹ﺛ‬, Pk# ,N

(414) )A  o&)6 j&N)$ 7

(415) <& F? {  q  

(416) ` a3 

(417) n ,    “ W B(ˆ$ Z[ #(1 $  $ HI)2   %& :]D 7W^0  _1 ,   , &)6 de)$ 7f g1 h

(418) )i  j1k)$ H1 )& c m:e)1 \$n _ 1 _ k)$ B ^$ o&)6 p j#N, U FF@"&[ jI  ,lf  Fq#<)r s:1 +0 FU(#  :$ ”2 a3 (N

(419) $ o<0$ oW($ :$ ]D %& T^$ FIt&D W  Q jK< B u[ @)p6 ZÉua‹¾a 7 $ 

(420) r ,

(421) 

(422) ‘   é¯6 PN$ +

(423) &  ˆ1 _1    :2014 '" ,Bx1 -1 F223 F®,(ITQ ,08 #$ ,B $ #1 ,&)6 Z {:$ F216 F® ,œ f$ m(  -2 F280 F® ,¡1 ,(p0$ ,5¼ ,ol2š :)k1,fN$ {V$ :1995£NyV1 ,o<Y -3 R)f1 $  ,0p(  G$ ªN$ œY )$ q)!"& B h#$ :2010 j _1 ,£NyV1 -4 F133F® , ,œe1, e1 

(424) &N )!"&     :2010<À R< ,u , V0  :& Ž1D ,/p $ :& -5 ,P<u & #1 ,ªN$ u[ T(1 ,x& P1š B f$ (’g  ,0p(  ‫_ ﺑ‬1 & G$ 7;$ F498F® ,¡1 

(425) r ,B(ITQ /:e$ G$   @ N1 %& U0v$ ¤)N26 (‫ﺛ‬D :2011}W ,ok$1 }W ,(1 -6 F®K & ,&)6 2f2[ @

(426) #$ ,¼ / ,mC )$ x$ &:y

(427) $ :!  ,ok

(428) [ PN$ +

(429) & :2004 £NyV1 _fW ,oy#  :& -7 F13F® ,¡1 ,(p0$ 

(430) l  ,œe1 #1 

(431) r ,_x, œe1 o)#1 :

(432)  G$    :2012 •& w ,f#2 -8 F150F® , ,1 #$ ,28   %& pR‫‹ﺛ‬, G1   7;$ $#Y :2010 o!:$ :& C Y , Q ,oNW  p , <À -9 < ,“ #$ ,“ 

(433) l  ,  1D 

(434) r ,  _(v#)  ! N)  _1 #1Q :

(435)  G$  kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(436) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(437) 375. . 2017   14

(438)   24 

(439) 

(440)

(441) ‫

(442) א 

(443) א א‬. F69F® , $ k)$ @

(444) #

(445) $  (#$ k(1 , e1 R)f1 $  ,×$ jV{)$ )!"& ;<

(446) )$ W   :2014 2014 <( ,({ -10 F29 F® ,(ITQ ,}(p #1 “ W Žv$ o $ £0)

(447)  ,    7! #1 :2013“1~ ,e& ,C Y ,B<À -11 F10 F® ,(ITQ ,

(448) ! ,¤ (1 Bn! #1 , U    “V,6 F500F® ,œ  m(1 ,u ,/p $ :& -12 F503F® ,œ f$ m(  -13 F56 F® ,}:$ ,7R ,#1Q Y(#   ,)6 +

(449) & = 1! :1995h& ,‰w -14 F543F® ,œ  m(1 ,ok$1 ,(1 -15 U o&)6 }t$ f g1 U 

(450) 1#

(451) $  

(452) %& ªN$ k<)$ (‫ﺛ‬D :2010E ,C‫ﺑ‬D -16 F502 F® ,} ,2 & ,24 

(453) r ,2f2[ @

(454) #$ Z{‫©ﺑ‬$ ¤l$ #1 

(455) r ,} F544 F® ,œ  m(1 ,ok$1 ,(1 -17 F503 F® ,œ  m(1 ,C‫ﺑ‬D -18 ˜

(456)  #1 

(457) r ,7ˆ  U <ˆ)$  

(458) 8~ 7À :2003| _ ØD ,B(1#$ -19 F72−71F® ® , #f$  (#$ k

(459) <  ,2 & ,17 

(460) r ,[ V)!6 ,TT#$ :& F491 F® ,œ  m(1 ,u ,/p $ :& -20 Fb k$ $ ,11357 #$,B($ (,6 ë, _ $:2010 Ø / 0# ,¤x$ -21 (’g  ,B #f$ /:e$ G$   @ N1 %& U0v$ ¤)N26 (8 :2005\$n }v&,(1#$ -22 F511 ®, #f$  (#$ k

(461) <  ,W:$ ,‰$v$ B f$ F233à232F® ® ,œ  m(1 ,Bx1 -23 F24à 23F® ® ,œ  m(1 ,({ -24 F99 F® ,œ  m(1 , Q , <À -25 U /°  ^$ 

(462)  /" G$ j:0)f  œ

(463) 0$ ì:<    :2015@K ØD <À ,:!e  -26 F36F® ,1 #$ ,10 

(464) l  , ^$ @

(465) #

(466) $ : #1 

(467) r ,$e$  #1 VAe$ 7f$  !"#$ U «  RS)< é¯6 RkN)$ :2015_fW _ ØD _ "& ,+

(468) -27 F54F® , #f$  (#$ k

(469) <  ,G(0$ @D #1 , e1 R)f1 ,7f$ ! U yK “#1 :

(470)  G$ ×$ œY )$ q)!"& o:

(471) f$ Ïé¯6 RkN)$ :2013j

(472) K +p( 3 (N& ,B:#$ -28 F 7#$ ,4 

(473) l  ,RkN)$ ( y)$  (#$ 

(474) l  ,S #1 ,b k$ #1l  ^$ 

(475)  /" G$  ^$ +0$ y:,(  j1 #$ 9# :2000 Ø ,u($ -29 F63−15 F® ® ,b k$,56#$ ,b k$ #1  ^$ 

(476) l  ,21   ,o<

(477) #$ ‰{:$ 7& :y  $ ,1" [ 1 @ N1   :2004C _Ø($ :& ,B ($ -30 F730® , #f$  (#$ k

(478) <  ,E($ ,u[  &$ '! &)6 } de$ C  01 ›#  o) k$ m<)l  U q, $D  o&)6 )26 œf2:2003 #  %& ,N -31 #$,29 

(479) l , (#$ (TQ  H

(480) š 7  

(481) r ,p¥  &)6 7)26 “ U  $  @ @kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(482) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(483) 2017   14

(484)   24 

(485) 

(486)

(487) ‫

(488) א 

(489) א א‬. 376. F16® ,b k$ ,“ } 2,108   ,b k$ $  2v$ 

(490) W(1 ;1", G$   <, :2000 }(K~ o{)Y ,“"p -32 Fb k$ , ^$ C ,21 ààààààààà ààààààààà ààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ààààààààààààààààààààààààààà àààààààààààààààààà àààààààààààààààà. The quality of family life and its relation to the behavior of citizenship among children (Field study on a sample of secondary school students in WILAYA of EL-OUED). Asma LECHEHEB∗ Abstract: In order to identify the relationship between the quality of family life as understood by the children and the behavior of citizenship, a field study was conducted on a sample of 300 students in some of secondary schools of Wilaya of El-oued and using the family life quality measure prepared for this study, and the measure of citizenship behavior of Riyadh Abazid. The results showed a relationship between family life quality scores on the one hand, and the degree of citizenship behavior of the students in the sample of the study, on the other hand. Using test "T" to study differences, it was found that: - There are no statistically significant differences in the quality of family life due to the gender variable. - There are statistically significant differences in the degree of citizenship behavior in favor of females. Finally, a number of proposals were presented: The need to adopt the approach of integration between the different institutions of social upbringing (family, school, mosque, media, etc.) in activating their social and educational role to form a good citizen saturated with values and principles of his community. - Attention to family guidance as an input to the quality of life of its members. Keywords: quality of family life, behavior of citizenship, secondary school student.. ∗. Faculté des sciences sociales et humaines – Université d'El-oued.. kè’Û@õb)c@Nc@%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@NNNòîãa†îß@òa‰…@Zõbäiþa@ô†Û@òä

(491) aì½a@ÚìÜi@bènÓýÇë@òíŠþa@ñbî§a@ñ…ìu.

(492)

Références

Documents relatifs

Various investigators have proposed that verb-containing sentences in Philippine languages be analyzed as having no subject, as having the Actor as the subject,

An analysis of dying cells reveals that they play an active role in shaping tissues, where by dying, a cell pulls on its neighbours, inducing the neighbouring cells to contract their

Abbreviations: ATGL, Adipose triglyceride lipase; BMI, body mass index; DAG, diacylglyc- erol; DAGH, DAG hydrolase activity; FFA, free fatty acid; GDR, glucose disposal rate;

– nombre de grappes au sein de chaque strate donné par la cinquième ligne du tableau 1.1 (α = 0.10, ε = 0.10), en fonction du coefficient de variation du volume de bois dans une

L’AC représente à chaque fois un évènement stressant pendant lequel une course contre la montre est engagée pour apporter au patient la réanimation la plus efficace

In a normative perspective, which also builds one aim of the TLM approach, this leads to enlarge the goals of policy reforms (Schmid and Gazier, 2002; Gazier, 2003): considering

RESUMO: A pulsão pode ser entendida como articulação de uma pressão contínua a uma forma descontínua (representante-repre- sentativo), paradoxo que constitui um impossível

Top: How Zn-MT could impact aggregation of Aβ under oxidative stress conditions: ROS induces the release of Zn(II) ions that could bind to Aβ and modulate its