Unit OS12: Scripting Unit OS12: Scripting

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Unit OS12: Scripting Unit OS12: Scripting

12.1. Windows Management Instrumentation

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Copyright Notice Copyright Notice

These materials are part of the

These materials are part of the Windows Operating Windows Operating System Internals Curriculum Development Kit,

System Internals Curriculum Development Kit, developed by David A. Solomon and Mark E.

developed by David A. Solomon and Mark E.

Russinovich with Andreas Polze Russinovich with Andreas Polze

Microsoft has licensed these materials from David Microsoft has licensed these materials from David Solomon Expert Seminars, Inc. for distribution to Solomon Expert Seminars, Inc. for distribution to academic organizations solely for use in academic academic organizations solely for use in academic environments (and not for commercial use)

environments (and not for commercial use)

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Roadmap for Section 12.1.

Scripting Introduction Scripting Introduction

Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)

Historical View on Windows Management Historical View on Windows Management

WMI Architecture WMI Architecture

WMI Scripting Examples WMI Scripting Examples

WMI-based Tools WMI-based Tools

UNIX Scripting Support for Windows

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Scripting Introduction Scripting Introduction

A script is a sequence of instructions A script is a sequence of instructions

Like a program, but its not compiled Like a program, but its not compiled

Instructions are dynamically interpreted by a Instructions are dynamically interpreted by a

scripting engine scripting engine

Because scripts are plain-text source and not Because scripts are plain-text source and not

compiled, they are easy to change and to share

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Scripting Support Scripting Support

Scripting support requires Scripting support requires

An engine that reads the scripting language and An engine that reads the scripting language and

interprets it interprets it

Integration via the scripting engine to interactive Integration via the scripting engine to interactive

functionality functionality

Windows includes an extensible scripting engine:

Natively supports VB (Visual Basic) and J (Java) script Natively supports VB (Visual Basic) and J (Java) script

Provides rich interaction with operating system Provides rich interaction with operating system

environment via Windows Management Instrumentation

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Microsoft Windows Management Microsoft Windows Management

Instrumentation (WMI) Instrumentation (WMI)

WMI is the core management-enabling technology for WMI is the core management-enabling technology for Windows

Windows

Built into Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server Built into Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server

2003 2003

Originally released in 1998 as an add-on with Windows NT Originally released in 1998 as an add-on with Windows NT

4.0 Service Pack 4 4.0 Service Pack 4

Based on industry standards Based on industry standards

Overseen by the Distributed Management Task Force Overseen by the Distributed Management Task Force

(DMTF) (DMTF)

Universal Universal

Almost all Windows resources can be accessed, configured, Almost all Windows resources can be accessed, configured,

managed, and monitored via WMI managed, and monitored via WMI

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WMI Background WMI Background

WMI is an implementation of Web-Based Enterprise WMI is an implementation of Web-Based Enterprise

Management (WBEM), Management (WBEM),

which is a standard that the Distributed Management Task Force which is a standard that the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) defines

(DMTF) defines

WMI was added to address two short-comings in previous WMI was added to address two short-comings in previous

versions of NT:

Remote monitoring & management Remote monitoring & management Scripting

Scripting

WMI is in Windows 2000 and later WMI is in Windows 2000 and later

Addon for NT 4 Addon for NT 4

Limited version available Win9x/ME Limited version available Win9x/ME

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Applicability of WMI Applicability of WMI

WMI-based scripts using COM automation WMI-based scripts using COM automation

Windows Script Host / VBScript / ActivePerl Windows Script Host / VBScript / ActivePerl

Built-in WMI tool with XP (except Home Edition) and Server Built-in WMI tool with XP (except Home Edition) and Server

2003: WMI Console (WMIC) 2003: WMI Console (WMIC)

System management System management

WMI helps to retrieve performance data, manage event logs, file WMI helps to retrieve performance data, manage event logs, file

systems, printers, processes, registry settings, scheduler, systems, printers, processes, registry settings, scheduler, security, services, shares, and numerous other operating security, services, shares, and numerous other operating

system components and configuration settings system components and configuration settings

Network management Network management

WMI-based scripts can manage network services such as DNS, WMI-based scripts can manage network services such as DNS,

DHCP, and SNMP-enabled devices DHCP, and SNMP-enabled devices

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Applicability of WMI (contd.) Applicability of WMI (contd.)

Real-time health monitoring Real-time health monitoring

WMI event subscriptions can monitor and respond to event WMI event subscriptions can monitor and respond to event log entries as they occur, file system and registry

log entries as they occur, file system and registry modifications, and other real-time operating system modifications, and other real-time operating system changes

changes

WMI event subscriptions and notifications are to WMI what WMI event subscriptions and notifications are to WMI what SNMP traps are in the SNMP world

SNMP traps are in the SNMP world

Windows Server management Windows Server management

WMI scripts can manage Microsoft Application Center, WMI scripts can manage Microsoft Application Center, Operations Manager, Systems Management Server, Operations Manager, Systems Management Server, Internet Information Server, Exchange Server, and SQL Internet Information Server, Exchange Server, and SQL Server

Server

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NT Monitoring Infrastructure:

a historical view - before WMI a historical view - before WMI

There are two native system monitoring mechanisms There are two native system monitoring mechanisms that have been in NT since its inception:

that have been in NT since its inception:

Event viewer Event viewer

Performance Monitor Performance Monitor

Both can work remotely, but suffer several drawbacks Both can work remotely, but suffer several drawbacks with respect to general system management:

with respect to general system management:

Separate groups of APIs Separate groups of APIs

Unidirectional Unidirectional

Limited to only performance data and event log Limited to only performance data and event log

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NT Management Infrastructure NT Management Infrastructure

(a historical view - before WMI) (a historical view - before WMI)

The NT management mechanisms:

Service Control Manager Service Control Manager Registry

Registry

Can change configuration, but no notifications/events Can change configuration, but no notifications/events

NET API NET API

For managing computer membership in domains For managing computer membership in domains Querying computer OS version

Querying computer OS version

Configuring user and group accounts Configuring user and group accounts

Limitations of these:

Non-general: limited management Non-general: limited management

Can’t manage all aspects of a computer’s system configuration, Can’t manage all aspects of a computer’s system configuration, software, or hardware devices, for example

software, or hardware devices, for example

Not natively scriptable, Non-extensible Not natively scriptable, Non-extensible

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WMI’s Features WMI’s Features

Works locally and remotely Works locally and remotely Fine-grained

Fine-grained Bidirectional:

Bidirectional:

A WMI “provider” can export functional interface and event A WMI “provider” can export functional interface and event

notification services notification services

Extensible Extensible

Developers can write their own providers Developers can write their own providers

Driver writers can leverage WMI-provider framework, called the Driver writers can leverage WMI-provider framework, called the

WDM provider, to management-enable their hardware WDM provider, to management-enable their hardware

Natively scriptable Natively scriptable

Also natively .NET programmable when .NET Framework is Also natively .NET programmable when .NET Framework is

present present

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WMI Architecture - a closer look WMI Architecture - a closer look

Database

application Web browser C/C++

application

ODBC (deprecated) WINRM

ActiveX controls

Windows Management API

CIM Object Manager (CIMOM) CIM repository

SNMP provider Win32 provider Registry

provider COM/DCOM

COM/DCOM

Management applications

WMI

infrastructure

Providers

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WMI Architecture WMI Architecture

Management applications:

Windows applications that access and display or process the data that Windows applications that access and display or process the data that they obtain about managed objects

they obtain about managed objects

Ex. Perfmon or event viewer replacement Ex. Perfmon or event viewer replacement

WMI Infrastructure WMI Infrastructure

Implemented as a Windows Service: Winmgmt.exe Implemented as a Windows Service: Winmgmt.exe Its heart is the CIM Object Manager (CIMOM)

Its heart is the CIM Object Manager (CIMOM)

Glue that binds management applications to providers Glue that binds management applications to providers

Also serves as object-class store, and as storage for persistent object Also serves as object-class store, and as storage for persistent object properties

properties

Infrastructure APIs Infrastructure APIs

Primary API is COM Primary API is COM

Others layer on top of COM:

ODBC adapter ODBC adapter

WMI ActiveX control WMI ActiveX control

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WMI Managed Resources WMI Managed Resources

Logical or physical component, which is exposed and Logical or physical component, which is exposed and manageable by using WMI

manageable by using WMI

disks, peripheral devices, event logs, files, folders, file systems, disks, peripheral devices, event logs, files, folders, file systems,

networking components, networking components,

OS subsystems, performance counters, printers, processes, OS subsystems, performance counters, printers, processes,

registry, security, services, shares, registry, security, services, shares,

SAM users and groups, Active Directory, Windows Installer, SAM users and groups, Active Directory, Windows Installer,

Windows Driver Model (WDM) device drivers, SNMP Windows Driver Model (WDM) device drivers, SNMP

Management Information Base (MIB) Management Information Base (MIB)

A WMI managed resource communicates with WMI A WMI managed resource communicates with WMI through a provider

through a provider

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WMI Infrastructure WMI Infrastructure

The middle layer is the WMI infrastructure The middle layer is the WMI infrastructure

Allows for definition of and accessed to configuration and Allows for definition of and accessed to configuration and

management data management data

WMI consists of three primary components:

the CIM Object Manager (CIMOM), the CIM Object Manager (CIMOM),

the Common Information Model (CIM) repository, the Common Information Model (CIM) repository,

WMI providers WMI providers

WMI scripting library is a fourth, small component

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WMI Providers WMI Providers

Intermediary between WMI and a managed resource Intermediary between WMI and a managed resource

request information from, and send instructions to WMI request information from, and send instructions to WMI

managed resources on behalf of consumer applications and managed resources on behalf of consumer applications and

scripts scripts

Hide the implementation details unique to a managed Hide the implementation details unique to a managed resource

resource

Managed resource is exposed based on WMI's uniform Managed resource is exposed based on WMI's uniform

access model access model

WMI providers use managed resources’ native APIs, and WMI providers use managed resources’ native APIs, and

communicate with the CIMOM using WMI APIs communicate with the CIMOM using WMI APIs

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WMI Providers (contd.) WMI Providers (contd.)

Extensible architecture Extensible architecture

Add-on providers can expose management functions unique Add-on providers can expose management functions unique

to a product to a product

Application Center, Operations Manager, Systems Application Center, Operations Manager, Systems

Management Server, Internet Information Server, and SQL Management Server, Internet Information Server, and SQL

Server, Exchange Server, Microsoft Office, and many 3rd- Server, Exchange Server, Microsoft Office, and many 3rd-

party applications include WMI providers party applications include WMI providers

Providers are implemented as DLLs or stand-alone Providers are implemented as DLLs or stand-alone executables

executables

Residing in %SystemRoot%\system32\wbem Residing in %SystemRoot%\system32\wbem

WMI includes many built-in providers for Windows:

Performance API, Registry, Event Manager, Active Directory, Performance API, Registry, Event Manager, Active Directory,

SNMP, WDM, more SNMP, WDM, more

WMI SDK lets third-parties develop provider WMI SDK lets third-parties develop provider

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WMI Providers (contd.) WMI Providers (contd.)

WMI providers are COM or DCOM servers WMI providers are COM or DCOM servers

Export objects that have properties and methods Export objects that have properties and methods

Define classes that are stored in CIMOM repository Define classes that are stored in CIMOM repository

WMI executes in-process providers (as opposed to WMI executes in-process providers (as opposed to

those in dedicated application processes) in a separate those in dedicated application processes) in a separate process

process

Prevents corruption of the RPC service Prevents corruption of the RPC service

The process is placed in a Job to limit resource consumption The process is placed in a Job to limit resource consumption

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List of Standard WMI Providers List of Standard WMI Providers

Provider

Provider DLLDLL NamespaceNamespace DescriptionDescription

Active Directory Active Directory provider

provider dsprov.dlldsprov.dll root\directory\ldaproot\directory\ldap Maps Active Directory objects to WMI.Maps Active Directory objects to WMI.

Event Log Event Log provider

provider ntevt.dllntevt.dll root\cimv2root\cimv2 Manage Windows event logs, for example, read, Manage Windows event logs, for example, read, backup, clear, copy, delete, monitor, rename, backup, clear, copy, delete, monitor, rename,

compress, uncompress, and change event log settings.

Performance Performance Counter provider

Counter provider wbemperf.dllwbemperf.dll root\cimv2root\cimv2 Provides access to raw performance data.Provides access to raw performance data.

Registry provider

Registry provider stdprov.dllstdprov.dll root\defaultroot\default Read, write, enumerate, monitor, create, and delete Read, write, enumerate, monitor, create, and delete registry keys and values.

registry keys and values.

SNMP provider

SNMP provider snmpincl.dllsnmpincl.dll root\snmproot\snmp Provides access to SNMP MIB data and traps from Provides access to SNMP MIB data and traps from SNMP-managed devices.

SNMP-managed devices.

WDM provider

WDM provider wmiprov.dllwmiprov.dll root\wmiroot\wmi Provides access to information on WDM device drivers.Provides access to information on WDM device drivers.

Win32 provider

Win32 provider cimwin32.dllcimwin32.dll root\cimv2root\cimv2 Provides information about the computer, disks, Provides information about the computer, disks, peripheral devices, files, folders, file systems, peripheral devices, files, folders, file systems,

networking components, printers, processes, security, networking components, printers, processes, security, services, shares, etc.

services, shares, etc.

Windows Installer msiprov.dll root\cimv2 Provides access to information about installed

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CIMOM CIMOM

WMI information broker WMI information broker

All WMI requests and data flow through the CIMOM All WMI requests and data flow through the CIMOM

Implemented inside Windows Management Instrumentation Implemented inside Windows Management Instrumentation service, winmgmt.exe

service, winmgmt.exe

CIMOM provides core services:

Provider registration Provider registration Request routing

Request routing Remote access Remote access Security

Security

Query processing - WMI Query Language (WQL) Query processing - WMI Query Language (WQL) Event processing

Event processing

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CIM Repository CIM Repository

Configuration and management information from Configuration and management information from

different sources can be uniformly represented different sources can be uniformly represented

with a schema with a schema

The CIM is the schema, also called the object The CIM is the schema, also called the object

repository or class store that models the managed repository or class store that models the managed

environment and defines every piece of data exposed environment and defines every piece of data exposed by WMI

by WMI

CIM classes generally represent dynamic resources CIM classes generally represent dynamic resources Instances of resources can be stored in the CIM, but Instances of resources can be stored in the CIM, but are generally dynamically retrieved by a provider

are generally dynamically retrieved by a provider based on a consumer request

based on a consumer request

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CIM Classes CIM Classes

CIM classes consist of properties and methods.

Properties describe the configuration and state of a WMI Properties describe the configuration and state of a WMI

managed resource managed resource

Methods are executable functions that perform actions on the Methods are executable functions that perform actions on the

WMI managed resource WMI managed resource

On Windows XP CIM consists of the following files in On Windows XP CIM consists of the following files in

%SystemRoot%\system32\wbem\Repository\FS\

index.btr - Binary-tree (btree) index file index.btr - Binary-tree (btree) index file index.map - Transaction control file index.map - Transaction control file

objects.data - CIM repository where managed resource objects.data - CIM repository where managed resource definitions are stored

definitions are stored

objects.map - Transaction control file objects.map - Transaction control file

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WMI Scripting Library WMI Scripting Library

Set of automation objects Set of automation objects

Scripting languages, such as VBScript, Jscript, and ActiveState's Scripting languages, such as VBScript, Jscript, and ActiveState's ActivePerl access the WMI infrastructure via these objects

ActivePerl access the WMI infrastructure via these objects

Provides a consistent and uniform scripting model for the WMI Provides a consistent and uniform scripting model for the WMI infrastructure

infrastructure

WMI scripting library is implemented in a single DLL named WMI scripting library is implemented in a single DLL named wbemdisp.dll,

wbemdisp.dll,

Resides in %SystemRoot%\system32\wbem directory Resides in %SystemRoot%\system32\wbem directory Includes a type library named wbemdisp.tlb.

Includes a type library named wbemdisp.tlb.

WMI scripting type library can be used to reference WMI WMI scripting type library can be used to reference WMI

constants from XML-based Windows Script Files, WSH scripts constants from XML-based Windows Script Files, WSH scripts with a .wsf extension

with a .wsf extension

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WMI Consumers WMI Consumers

Consumers are the top layer Consumers are the top layer

A consumer is a script, enterprise management A consumer is a script, enterprise management

application, Web-based application, or other application, Web-based application, or other

administrative tool, that accesses and controls administrative tool, that accesses and controls

management information available through the WMI management information available through the WMI

infrastructure.

Many management applications serve dual roles as Many management applications serve dual roles as

both WMI consumer and WMI provider both WMI consumer and WMI provider

Application Center, Operations Manager, and Systems Application Center, Operations Manager, and Systems Management Server are examples

Management Server are examples

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Exploring the CIM Exploring the CIM

WMI Control WMI Control

WMI Control (wmimgmt.msc) is a Microsoft Management WMI Control (wmimgmt.msc) is a Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in that allows you to configure WMI Console (MMC) snap-in that allows you to configure WMI settings on a local or remote computer

settings on a local or remote computer

WMI Tester WMI Tester

WMI Tester (wbemtest.exe) is a general-purpose, graphical WMI Tester (wbemtest.exe) is a general-purpose, graphical tool for interacting with the WMI infrastructure

tool for interacting with the WMI infrastructure Built into Windows

Built into Windows

You can use WMI Tester to browse the CIM schema and You can use WMI Tester to browse the CIM schema and examine managed resource class definitions

examine managed resource class definitions

WMI Tester can also be used to perform the same actions your WMI Tester can also be used to perform the same actions your WMI-based scripts perform, such as retrieving instances of

WMI-based scripts perform, such as retrieving instances of managed resources and running queries

managed resources and running queries

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Exploring the CIM (contd.) Exploring the CIM (contd.)

WMI Command-line WMI Command-line

Released as part of Windows XP Professional and Server 2003, the Released as part of Windows XP Professional and Server 2003, the WMI Command-line tool (wmic.exe) provides a command line interface WMI Command-line tool (wmic.exe) provides a command line interface to the WMI infrastructure

to the WMI infrastructure

You can use wmic.exe to perform common WMI tasks from the You can use wmic.exe to perform common WMI tasks from the

command line, including browsing the CIM and examining CIM class command line, including browsing the CIM and examining CIM class definitions

definitions

CIM Studio CIM Studio

CIM Studio, part of the WMI SDK, provides a Web-based interface to CIM Studio, part of the WMI SDK, provides a Web-based interface to interact with the WMI infrastructure

interact with the WMI infrastructure

TechNet Scripts TechNet Scripts

EnumClasses.vbs, EnumInstances.vbs, and EnumNamespaces.vbs EnumClasses.vbs, EnumInstances.vbs, and EnumNamespaces.vbs TechNet Script Center -

TechNet Script Center -

http://www.microsoft.com/technet/community/scriptcenter/default.mspx http://www.microsoft.com/technet/community/scriptcenter/default.mspx

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WMI Scripts WMI Scripts

The most popular interface is the scripting interface The most popular interface is the scripting interface

No need for third-party tools No need for third-party tools

Look like stand-alone utilities, but easily modifiable Look like stand-alone utilities, but easily modifiable

Cscript.exe is the command-line interface to Windows Script Host Cscript.exe is the command-line interface to Windows Script Host

(WSH) (WSH)

Cscript scriptname.extension [options..]

For help, type Cscript /?

TechNet Scripting Center has more than hundred TechNet Scripting Center has more than hundred

Visual Basic scripts that use WMI Visual Basic scripts that use WMI

www.microsoft.com/technet/community/scriptcenter/default.mspx www.microsoft.com/technet/community/scriptcenter/default.mspx Example: start a process on a remote system

Example: start a process on a remote system

Cscript exec.vbs /s servername /e notepad Cscript exec.vbs /s servername /e notepad

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WMI Scripts - WMI Scripts -

Remote Process Execution Remote Process Execution

Excerpt from exec.vbs:

If blnConnect("root\cimv2" , _If blnConnect("root\cimv2" , _

strUserName , _strUserName , _

strPassword , _strPassword , _

strServer , _strServer , _

objService ) ThenobjService ) Then

Call Wscript.Echo("")Call Wscript.Echo("")

Call Wscript.Echo("Please check the server name, " _Call Wscript.Echo("Please check the server name, " _

& "credentials and WBEM Core.")& "credentials and WBEM Core.")

Exit SubExit Sub End If End If

strMessage = "" strMessage = ""

intProcessId = 0Set objInstance = objService.Get("Win32_Process") intProcessId = 0Set objInstance = objService.Get("Win32_Process") If blnErrorOccurred(" occurred getting a " & _ If blnErrorOccurred(" occurred getting a " & _

" Win32_Process class object.") Then Exit Sub" Win32_Process class object.") Then Exit Sub

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WMI Scripts - WMI Scripts -

Obtain physical memory size Obtain physical memory size

strComputer = ”fin” # target computer’s name strComputer = ”fin” # target computer’s name

Set wbemServices = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer) Set wbemServices = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer) Set wbemObjectSet =

Set wbemObjectSet =

wbemServices.InstancesOf("Win32_LogicalMemoryConfiguration") wbemServices.InstancesOf("Win32_LogicalMemoryConfiguration") For Each wbemObject In wbemObjectSet

For Each wbemObject In wbemObjectSet

WScript.Echo "Total Physical Memory (kb): " & WScript.Echo "Total Physical Memory (kb): " &

wbemObject.TotalPhysicalMemory wbemObject.TotalPhysicalMemory NextNext

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WMI Scripts - WMI Scripts -

Retrieve services information Retrieve services information

strComputer = ”fin” # target computer’s name strComputer = ”fin” # target computer’s name

Set wbemServices = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer) Set wbemServices = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer)

Set wbemObjectSet = wbemServices.InstancesOf("Win32_Service") Set wbemObjectSet = wbemServices.InstancesOf("Win32_Service") For Each wbemObject In wbemObjectSet

For Each wbemObject In wbemObjectSet

WScript.Echo "Display Name: " & wbemObject.DisplayName & _ WScript.Echo "Display Name: " & wbemObject.DisplayName & _ vbCrLf & _

vbCrLf & _

" State: " & wbemObject.State & _" State: " & wbemObject.State & _ vbCrLf & _

vbCrLf & _

" Start Mode: " & wbemObject.StartMode" Start Mode: " & wbemObject.StartMode NextNext

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Wbemtest Utility

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Services for UNIX - Services for UNIX -

Interix Subsystem for Windows Interix Subsystem for Windows

Interix - a full POSIX subsystem for Windows Interix - a full POSIX subsystem for Windows

Interix replaces the original POSIX subsystem on Windows Interix replaces the original POSIX subsystem on Windows

Full network support Full network support

Interoperability between POSIX and Windows subsystems Interoperability between POSIX and Windows subsystems

(CreateProcess()) (CreateProcess())

Services for UNIX (SFU 3.5) Services for UNIX (SFU 3.5)

Bundled with many essential UNIX tools (X11R5 clients) Bundled with many essential UNIX tools (X11R5 clients)

Interix allows to run UNIX applications and scripts on Interix allows to run UNIX applications and scripts on

Windows (after re-compilation) Windows (after re-compilation)

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Services for Unix + Interix Features Services for Unix + Interix Features

A complete environment to run UNIX applications and A complete environment to run UNIX applications and scripts on Windows

scripts on Windows

Fully integrated with Windows Fully integrated with Windows

Over 300 utilities and tools Over 300 utilities and tools

A complete software development kit A complete software development kit

Support for more than 1900 UNIX APIs Support for more than 1900 UNIX APIs

SFU is freely downloadable from SFU is freely downloadable from

www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/sfu/downloads/

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SFU 3.5 Features SFU 3.5 Features

Shells: KornShell and C Shell Shells: KornShell and C Shell

Scripting languages: awk, perl, sed, and Tcl/Tk Scripting languages: awk, perl, sed, and Tcl/Tk

Admin tools: rsh, rlogin, telnet and xterm Admin tools: rsh, rlogin, telnet and xterm

Batch tools: At, cron and batch

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SFU 3.5 SDK SFU 3.5 SDK

Support for 1900+ interfaces Support for 1900+ interfaces

ANSI C, POSIX.1 and POSIX.2 interfaces ANSI C, POSIX.1 and POSIX.2 interfaces

Development tools: make, RCS, lex, yacc, cc, c89, nm, Development tools: make, RCS, lex, yacc, cc, c89, nm, ar, strip

ar, strip

Compilers: gcc, g++, g77 Compilers: gcc, g++, g77 Color curses library

Color curses library

BSD-style sockets library support BSD-style sockets library support X11R5 libraries and header files X11R5 libraries and header files MS Visual C/C++ support

MS Visual C/C++ support

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