ARHY, DMC, and AgriMek mission report June 3rd-September 3rd IFC-YAAS, Yunnan and Hainan, P.R. of China

(1)

Food Crops Research Institute - Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YAAS) YAAS-CIRAD Seminar

IFC-YAAS - Kunming - Popular Republic of China – September 1st₂₀₀₅

ARHY DMC and AgriMek

ARHY, DMC, and AgriMek

Mission report

June 3

rd

September 3

rd

June 3

rd

-September 3

rd

IFC-YAAS

Yunnan and Hainan, P.R. of China

Michel J. Vales 老虎

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Gene

Different knowledge levels and focuses

Gene

(3)

Gene

Different knowledge levels and focuses

Gene

Genoma / specie / genera

Plant

Variety Variety

Crop

Cropping system

Province rural development

Sub-region rural development

(4)

Scientific collaboration

Different knowledge levels and focuses and YAAS-CIRAD involvement

Increase of basic knowledges

Technical collaboration

Increase of the know-how

Increase of new technical knowledges Obtening of practical results

Collaboration for the agricultural development of Yunnan

Integration of the different know-how

I f th k h Increase of the know-how

Increase of new technical knowledges Obtening of developpement results

C ll b ti f th GMS Collaboration for the GMS agricultural and economical development

Regional information sharing and co operation Regional information sharing and co-operation

(5)

Increase of basic knowledges

Technical collaboration

Cytopl Wild rice

Imbreed, hybrid varieties

Increase of the know-how

Increase of new technical knowledges Obtening of practical results

Blast

varieties

DMC

Collaboration for the agricultural development of Yunnan

Integration of the different know-how

I f th k h

C

AgriMek Increase of the know-how_{Increase of new technical knowledges}

Obtening of developpement results

C ll b ti f th GMS

GMS

Collaboration for the GMS agricultural and economical development

Regional information sharing and co operation Regional information sharing and co-operation

DMC Direct sowing Mulch-based systems

and Conservation agriculture

AgriMek A i lt l k l d l tf i i i ti

AgriMek Agricultural knowledge platform iniciative

for the Greater Mekong Sub-region

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Imbreed and hybrid varieties DMC AgriMek AgriMek GMS GMS

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Different CIRAD specific partners for IFC-YAAS

UPR PIA (CIRAD-Amis) Cytopl

Wild rice

UMR BGPI (CIRAD)

UPR Rice populing (CIRAD-Ca) Blast

varieties

DMC

UPR Cover crop (CIRAD-Ca)

C AgriMek

GMS

Amis Advanced Methods for Innovation in Science

BGPI Bi l d G ti f th Pl t P it

BGPI Biology and Genetics of the Plants-Parasites Interactions for Integrated protection

(8)

Activity

Different activities and projects Involving YAAS-CIRAD

Identified founding

Main researchworkers involved in this activity

Cytopl Wild rice Imbreed, hybrid varieties Blast varieties DMCC AgriMek GMS Current execution Financed Financed Financing to be looked

(9)

Molecular characterization of cytoplasms involved in rice hybrid creation

Different activities and projects

Involving YAAS-CIRAD _{involved in rice hybrid creation}

IFC-YAAS-CIRAD Dési-F.Int. Carrefour Xianneng Deng, Nourollah Ahmadi

Cytopl Wild rice

Cytoplasms effect of complete resistance to Blast

IFC-YAAS-CIRAD Dési-F.Int. Carrefour

Blast

varieties

DMC

Peng Xu, Didier Tharreau

Cytoplasms effect of partial resistance to C

AgriMek

y p p

Blast

IFC-YAAS-China

Peng Xu, Michel Vales

GMS

Current execution Financed

Financed

(10)

involved in rice hybrid creation

IFC-YAAS-CIRAD Dési-F.Int. Carrefour Peng Xu, Didier Tharreau

Cytoplasms effect of partial resistance to

Mr Hu Fengyi presenting a new

project for YAAS and Chinese y p p

Blast

IFC-YAAS-China

p j

financing to follow this study

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Cytopl Wild rice

Blast

varieties

DMC

AgriMek

y p p

Blast

IFC-YAAS-China

GMS _{Study of Yunnan blast population}

IFC team, Didier Tharreau, Michel Vales

Research of new virulence genes or new associations

Financed

Financing to be looked Genetic studies are allowed

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Cytopl Wild rice

Blast

varieties

DMC

AgriMek

y p p

Blast

IFC-YAAS-China

Research of new blast resistance genes in wild rice relatives

Current execution

Financed d ce e at es

IFC team, Didier Tharreau, Michel Vales, CIRAD-Amis-PIA

Financed

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Oryza sativa X O. longistaminata

hybrids

Collection of Pyricularia strains

Study of Yunnan blast population

Research of new blast resistance genes in wild rice relatives d ce e at es

(14)

Cytopl Wild rice

Blast

varieties

DMC

AgriMek

y p p

Blast

IFC-YAAS-China

Research of new blast resistance genes in wild rice relatives

Current execution

Financed d ce e at es

Financed

(15)

Different activities and projects Involving YAAS-CIRAD Cytopl Wild rice Water deficit Imbreed, hybrid varieties Blast varieties DMCC AgriMek GMS Current execution Financed Financed Financing to be looked

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“There will always be uncertainty in understanding a system as complex as the world’s climate However system as complex as the world s climate. However there is now strong evidence that significant global warming is occurring [ ]

warming is occurring. […]

Increasing temperatures are likely to

increase the

Increasing temperatures are likely to

increase the

frequency and severity of weather events

s ch as heat a es and hea rainfall [ ]”(1)

such as heat waves and heavy rainfall. […]”(1)

(1) _{Academia Brasiliera de Ciências, Royal Society of Canada, Chinese Academy of}

Sciences Brazil Canada China Academies des Sciences Deutsche Akademie der Sciences, Brazil Canada China Academies des Sciences, Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher, Indian National Science Academy, France Leopoldina, Germany India Accademia dei Lincei, Science Council of Japan, Russian Academy of Sciences Italy Japan Russia Royal Society National Academy of Sciences United Sciences, Italy Japan Russia Royal Society, National Academy of Sciences, United Kingdom United States of America. 2005. Joint science academies' statement:

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The floods are spectacular, violent and disastrous.

S th h i th b d t i f ti

So, they are shown in the broadcast information and the world public opinion knows the rough

d hi h th

dramas which they cause.

There is not still the same for the drought, because itse e s ot st t e sa e o t e d oug t, because ts damages are more insidious and they could need more time.

Often the droughts are not mentioned in

th l t f t l di t (1)

the annual reports of natural disasters.(1)

The "sunny" word of the meteorological bulletins isy g sometimes the tourist point of view for a drought with disastrous effects.

(18)

CCTV9 Sunny is sometimes sometimes the tourist point of point of view for drought drought

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“During common years, the country misses on average 40 billion of m3 _{of water by year among which 75 % for}

40 billion of m of water by year, among which 75 % for the agricultural fields […] according to the experts.”(1)

“Si 1991 h idi h

“Since 1991, every year, the aridity concerns more than 27 million hectares of fields, that is more than the fifth of

th t t l i th t S th d ti f l

the total in the country. So, the production of cereal decreased more than 28 million tons.”(1)

“China of net exporter of cereal will be transformed into net importer during the commercial year on 2004-2005; net importer during the commercial year on 2004 2005; indeed, it will have to import about 3 million tons of cereal .”(2)

cereal .

(1) The People Daily on-line. 2005. The economy of water is more urgent than ever. ( ) e eop e a y o e 005 e eco o y o ate s o e u ge t t a e e

13/05/200

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“In (continental) China, the harvest of the early rice of 2005 is about to begin [in June] and the production 2005 is about to begin [in June] and the production should gain 3 million tons in comparison to the last year, to reach 34 million tons because of the increase of the to reach 34 million tons, because of the increase of the sowed surface and of favorable weather, except in the

Yunnan and Hainan provinces which had suffer of Yunnan and Hainan provinces which had suffer of drought.

[…] […]

In spite of the increase of the production of wheat, rice and corn which is expected in 2005, China should and corn which is expected in 2005, China should again know a cereal deficit and would stay net importer of cereal in 2005/06.”(1)

of cereal in 2005/06.

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“In 2030, China will reach the peak of water lack and will join the ranks of countries in average water shortage join the ranks of countries in average water shortage according to the standards of an organization concerned by United Nations […] declared Qiu Baoxing, Vice by United Nations […] declared Qiu Baoxing, Vice Minister of the Construction.

Th t i Chi th i ffi i t h

The water resources in China are rather insufficient, he asserted. According to the data of 2004 […] China is a

t li htl i t h t th ld l I

country slightly in water shortage on the world plan. In other words, 7 % of the world water resources have to

21 % f th ld i h bit t ”(1)

serve 21 % of the world inhabitants.”(1)

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Water use in China

(1)

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“Because of the climatic change, the biggest Chinese rivers, as the Yangtze river and the Yellow river, have, g , sometimes not enough water.

In the main cities as Beijing Shangaï Tianjing and In the main cities as Beijing, Shangaï, Tianjing, and Xian, the availability in water for the human consumption is not sufficient and the rice culture is consumption is not sufficient and the rice culture is threatened.

S f d f h

Seventy percent of water resources are used for the irrigated rice, and only 30 % for the human consumption

d h h

and the other crops.

Thus the Chinese authorities want a drastic conversion of the irrigated rice into rainfed rice.”(1)

(1) _C _ff _f _f

(1)_{Vales M. and Tao D. 2003. Creation and diffusion of rainfed rice F1 hybrid varieties to}

confront the food insecurity in China due to the decrease of water resources. Proposal for Carrefour International Foundation. 1 p

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It is necessary to compensate and to limit the decline of production and income due to the conversion of irrigated production and income due to the conversion of irrigated rice into rainfed rice.

¾ Compensate the decline of production:

9 Widen the rice cropping area, where it is still possible i. e. in altitude where irrigation is not possible, by the useg p , y of rainfed upland rice with low temperature tolerance (RHICO)

( )

9 Improve productivity and sustainability of the existingp p y y g rainfed rice and RHICO (DMC)

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¾ Limit the decline of production:

9 Use cropping systems adapted to the converted perimeters (DMC)

p ( )

9 Create and release aerobic F1 rice hybrids (ARHY)y ( ) breed in and for these systems

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¾ Limit the decline of income:

9 Reduce the expenses for the irrigation (it is automatic, $ 210 / ha)

$ )

9 Increase extra incomes (crop( p diversification,, BioCarbon)

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¾ Concerning the ARHY development, the steps are

the following: the following:

1) Genetic improvement for a major existing upland rice 1) Genetic improvement for a major existing upland rice

area (Simao)

2) Cropping management improvement (DMC) for a major existing upland rice area (Simao) and breeding-j g p ( ) g agronomy integration improvement

3)Transfer and necessary adjustments of these results and methods into the irrigated perimeters converted tog p the aerobic rice

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1) RHICO 5) ARHYCO 1) RHICO

Upland rice varieties

Aventis-Institut de France Foundation

5) ARHYCO

Upland rice hybrids

LOW TEMPERATURE

4) ARHYCO

Rice hybrids for favorable upland LOW TEMPERATURE

HIGH TEMPERATURE 2) ARHY

Fondation Internationale

P

HIGH TEMPERATURE )

Upland rice hybrids

International Carrefour Foundation

3) ARHY Rice hybrids for favorable upland

Transformation of irrigated cropping system in aerobic cropping system

RHICO Upland for hillsides with cold tolerance

ARHY Aerobic rice hybridy

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RHICO

IFC-YAAS-CIRAD Dési-F.Aventis Int. de France Peng Xu Michel Vales

Cytopl Wild rice

Blast We need to reactive varieties DMC to reactive this work C AgriMek GMS Current execution Financed Financed Financing to be looked

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I suggest the creation, the improvement , and the use for obtaining RHICO type varieties of a new population for obtaining RHICO type varieties of a new population with narrow genetic base(1) (2)

:

Ch t P l ti / it G ti ti i ti

Character Population / progenitor Genetic participation Male sterility (ms) Spacir 13 (population) 25 %

Yield Hexi 41 25 %

Low temperature tolerance Lijiangxintuanhegu 25 % Drought tolerance

Irat 13 25 %

Resistance to blast

(1) _{Vales, M. et alii. 1998. Recurrent Selection for rice (Oryza sativa) blast (Magnaporthe}

grisea) Resistance in Population with Narrow Genetic Base. International

g ) p

Symposium on Rice Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement, August 30 – September 2, Suttgart, Arkansas, U.S.A.

(2) _{Vales M 2005 Some innovations in rice recurrent selection YAAS CIRAD Seminar} (2) _{Vales, M. 2005. Some innovations in rice recurrent selection. YAAS-CIRAD Seminar.}

Food Crops Research Institute (IFC) of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YAAS) - Kunming - Popular Republic of China – June 24th, 2005.

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RHICO

Cytopl Wild rice

Blast

ARHY for Simao, breeding focus

IFC YAAS CIRAD Dé i F I t C f

varieties

DMC

IFC-YAAS-CIRAD Dési-F.Int. Carrefour IFC team, James Taillebois, Michel Vales

The work plan of this year is,

C AgriMek

p y ,

naturally, perfectly followed and executed. GMS Current execution Financed Financed Financing to be looked

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RHICO

Cytopl Wild rice

Imbreed, hybrid

varieties ARHY for Simao, breeding focus_{IFC YAAS CIRAD Dé i F I t C} _f

Blast

varieties

DMC

C

AgriMek ARHY for Simao, integration breeding-agronomy

IFC team, Lucien Seguy, André Chabanne, Serge Bouzinac Michel Vales James Taillebois

GMS

Bouzinac, Michel Vales, James Taillebois

Financed

(33)

RHICO

Cytopl Wild rice

Imbreed, hybrid

varieties ARHY for Simao, breeding focus_{IFC YAAS CIRAD Dé i F I t C} _f

Blast

varieties

DMC

C

AgriMek ARHY for Simao, integration breeding-agronomy

IFC team, Lucien Seguy, André Chabanne, Serge Bouzinac Michel Vales James Taillebois

GMS

Bouzinac, Michel Vales, James Taillebois

ARHY for irrigated rice convertion to f

rainfed cropping system

IFC team, Michel Vales, James Taillebois, Lucien Seguy, André Chabanne, Serge Bouzinac

Financed

(34)

Cytopl

Wild rice ARHY for irrigated rice convertion to

Blast rainfed cropping system

IFC team, Lucien Seguy, André Chabanne, Serge Bouzinac, Michel Vales, James Taillebois

varieties DMCC AgriMek GMS Current execution Financed Cover Financed

Financing to be looked crop

(35)

The soil is formed in particular is formed, in particular, by organic matter and by sand and by sand.

But it is not nece-ssary to separate them.

Direct sowing

Mulch-based systems and based systems and

Conservation

agricul-ture (DMC) is the ture (DMC) is the general method for soil protection and sustai protection and sustai-nable agriculture.

(36)

Cytopl

varieties

DMC

DMC transfert in Yunnan

IFC, YAAS

YAAS teams Lucien Seguy André Chabanne Serge

C AgriMek

YAAS teams, Lucien Seguy, André Chabanne, Serge Bouzinac, Michel Vales, James Taillebois

GMS Current execution Financed Financed Financing to be looked Arachis pintoï

(37)

Cytopl

varieties

DMC

DMC transfert in Yunnan

IFC, YAAS

YAAS teams Lucien Seguy André Chabanne Serge

C AgriMek

A iM k

GMS

AgriMek

AFD

Workshop in Laos November 2005

Financed

Financing to be looked (tentitative)

AgriMek Agricultural knowledge platform iniciative

(38)

France

Cirad-Dési

Different kinds of financial support

China

IFC, YAAS, Chinese Ministries Cirad Dési Cytopl Wild rice Imbreed, hybrid varieties EC European Community Inco Blast varieties DMC EC E C it

NPO Non profit organisation

I. Carrefour Foundation, Rockfeller F., etc

C

AgriMek EC European Community

AsiaProEco

China

Y P i Chi Mi i t i

GMS

MAE French Ministry of Foreign Affaire

Yunnan Province, Chinese Ministries

AFD French Agency for Development

(39)

New opportunities of financing

For the financing, I would like to focus your attention on two new possibilities:p

•The sponsoring of Chinese companiesp g p •The BioCarbon fund

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Sponsoring of Chinese companies

In France, since January 2003, the donation of companies allows a tax reduction (tax on the companyp ( p y or on the income) of 60 % of the amount of the donation.

The authorized maximum of the donation is 5 % for one thousand turnovers, whatever is the status of the beneficiary.y

We have benefited of this kind of donation with the financing of projects by the Aventis-Institute of France Foundation and now by the International Carrefour Foundation.

(41)

Sponsoring of Chinese companies

The sector of the corporate sponsorship in China seems in full development.p

So, it would be suitable for the YAAS to follow and to tryy to benefice of the opportunities before others did it.

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“According to the "China Philanthropy 50" classification proposed by Euromoney China, the sponsorship is

p p y y , p p

developing in China.

Although still modest for the moment this practice Although still modest for the moment, this practice denotes a deep change.

C (

There is in China a private wealth (persons and companies) recognized by the government.

This last one begins to encourage the private donations: in 2003,, duringg the epidemicp of SRAS,, the Administration raised the donations deductible part from 3 % to 100 %.

Today this clause decided in the urgency could be maintained ”(1)

maintained. ( )

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“This encouragement came with a government understanding that the charitable sector is almost notg existent.

For the Administration to encourage the donations will For the Administration, to encourage the donations will allow the emergence of a civil society, a factor of social peace

peace.

Companies become aware about advantages they can

b fi i i h hi d h d i ll

beneficiate with this tendency: the donations allow to widen the guangxi (relation network), to benefit of a

d i d i h i

good image and to increase the prestige.

The great majority of the donations are made for theg j y benefit of health and the education sectors.”(1)

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BioCarbon fund

The conversion of irrigated rice field to rainfed cropping system will allow a drastic reduction of the methane emission.

It would be possible to “sell” this methane reduction.

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Climatic change Greenhouse effect Water resources d Precarious flooded Release of methane decrease Food Precarious flooded rice production insecurity Sustainable aerobic rice production Food security rice production Methane release Better use of Greenhouse effect renewable water resources Climatic change

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BioCarbon fund

It is possible "to sell" a carbon emission reduction.

I I t t it i ibl

€/tCO₂ In Internet it is possible

to follow the price of the b t

carbon tone

EUA price last 30 days EUA : Equivalent Unit Allowance

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BioCarbon fund

It is possible "to sell" a CO₂ emission reduction.

Soon it will be possible "to sell" this methane emission Soon, it will be possible to sell this methane emission reduction.

The mechanism is the following:

The companies of the countries which ratified the The companies of the countries which ratified the Kyoto agreements have to reduce the emissions of gas with greenhouse effect

gas with greenhouse effect.

Their own emissions (what has a cost) or the emissions of other companies or projects, whom they would finance for it (purchase of gas with greenhouse effect not emitted or sequestered).

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BioCarbon fund

I made an estimate of what could be obtained by ha of converted rice field, if its non emission of CH₄₄ is sold.

US$ 1.000 - US$ 1.500 / ha

So, I recommend to obtain an estimation of the surfaces which could be so converted, according to different scenarios.

These can consider, for example, the upland hybrids yield and the spontaneous conversion of the yield and the spontaneous conversion of the perimeters which can result from it.

This would allow to estimate the potential economic income and to plan its use.

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