Deviance Information Criteria for Missing Data Models
Texte intégral
(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Deviance Information Criteria for Missing Data Models Gilles Celeux — Florence Forbes — Christian Robert — Mike Titterington. N° 4859 Juin 2003. ISSN 0249-6399. ISRN INRIA/RR--4859--FR+ENG. THÈME 4. apport de recherche.
(3)
(4)
(5) !" #%$ "&&'" )( *+ $ -), /.& 0132424576895:2;57<=?>A@B2;CED"57F!GH5I@+CED"JK576L>A8NM!DO146"PQ1SRTFVUWCXJK57DPY>AZ[14\T5 ] 1;P"P^57DO13F+_POCEF `/acbdfegih j:kld9mcnpo#qrklsutfeqBsuvwqrkld-klxro#qykzsut { ex}|7x}qrb"d-e"xB~"sud-vcnle :e"x rs}eq Bovcvsuq { ere~ace"}~acetTgYh mckltLu h uivouex O ¡c¢£ `/ace { e¤:klotc~e-kztw¥;su}do#qrklsut
(6) ~"}kzqre"rkzsut§¦4¨©ª/«¬kltqy}s { mw~"e {I |Ij7vckleue"n¯® aonzqre"KeqonS°¦3u«kzx { klre~qrnz|Wkltwxrvckzre {f |fnzkltce"oAot { ue"tceyonzklx}e { nzkltce"oKdfs { enlx"± mwqAkzqkzxtcsqKx}stoqymcronln²| { e³tce { ¥;sud-klx}xrkltw { o#qyod-s { e"nzx"°©´tWqyawklxvove"±µ¶e·re ® oxrx}e"xrxqrace~rkzqre"}klsut ¥;sux}mc~aWdfs { e"nzx"±qye"xqykztcqyawe eaoO¤7klsumc!s¥¤#orkzsumcx!e7qyetcxrkzsutcx klt)qyace~"oxrexBs#¥d-k²7qymwreot { yo#t { sud¸e¹Xe"~qºd-s { enlx° »L¼½E¾}¿iÀ Á!£ ¨e¤:klotc~e±+ª¶sud-vcnleqykzsut±'Ã
(7) Ĭ!±+Ã
(8) k²7qymc}eWÃLs { e"n3±ºo#t { sudÆÅ¹Ee~q ÃLs { e"nlx. Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 Montbonnot-St-Martin (France) Téléphone : +33 4 76 61 52 00 — Télécopie +33 4 76 61 52 52.
(9) !!·& ,) ,f" ¶
(10) ·&'· ) %,)·& -,/.·&
(11) , /·& N·& £ eB~rk²qyb"}e { e { ¤7klotc~"e·¨º©ª kltqy}s { mckzqvoAj:vckze"uenlao#nzqyeeq¶o#nS°¦3u« e"x}q { kzre"~qyedfetHqºkltwxrvckz vo·nlex·dfs { b"nze"x·nlkzt o#klrex/eqºnlexBd-s { b"nze"x·nlkzt okzrex/ t ® yonzklx x"°/©´n+t klt { mwkzqºvox { e { ³tckzqrklsut
(12) to#qrmcrenlnzevsumcBnlexd-s { bnlex fx}qy}mc~qrmcre { e { sutct e"x¬dfot Hmo#tHqre"x°º¨otcx¬~eqo#}qykz~"nze±tcsumwx kltqyervc qrsutcx~e9~rkzqrb"}evsumc { e qye"nzxd-s { bnlexeqKtwsumcx ¤o#nlmcsutwxnle~sud-vXsuqyedfetHq { e { k²¤ue"}xrexAe 7qye"twxrklstcxvXsxrxrk nlex { eB¨©ª { otwx nze/~"sutqye 7qye { e"xAd npotce"x { eBnlsukzxeq { ex d-s { b"nze"x e¹Xeqyx on o#qrsukl}e"x"° !À Q ¾ #¢ " £ ¨ ¤:klotc~e±~"sdfvcn qrklsut±#ÃLÄ!±#dfs { b"nze { ed npo#tcue±d-s { bnle e¹Eeqyx on o#qysukzrex.
(13)
(14) !"$# # &%' ()+*&,-#. . W'!-,
(15) A /[ace"t { e¤uenlsuvwkltc qrace"kz-qrace"s}| s¥qyawe0*&
(16) 1 2 3 [¦3¨©ª/« ± j:vckleue"nzaon²qye"·eqon3°¦3u« { k { twsq¬uk²¤uedimc~aY~sutcxrk { e"ro#qykzsutLqrsd-s { e"nlxBsumwqrxrk { e qyacexr~suves¥ue"twe"yo#nlklx}e { nlkztceOo#/dfs { e"nzx"±o#nzqyawsumcua)qyawe|~"stc~"nzm { e { qyawe"kl·x}e"d-klton vove"/µ·kzqraLo { kzxr~"mwxrxrkzsut
(17) s¥!qracevXsxrxrk klnzkzqrkle"x s¥!e7qyet { kltw-qracklx·tcsqrklsut)qrs-d-s { e"nzx nl$k 4#e)dfk¯7qymc}e"xWs¥ { klxqyrk mwqrklsutcx° `/ace
(18) e"tcx}mckltc { kzxr~"mwxrxrkzsut vXsukztqye { sumwqWqracevXsux ® xrk nle { 6k 5-~"mwnzqykze"xWs¥ { e³tckztc ¨©ª vc}e"~klxrenz| klt qyacexreYx}~"etorkzsux"° ©´t voqykz~"mcnlo"± ¨e"©´su}kls9ot { ·s e}q¦Suuu« { e"xr~rk e { xrsud-evsuxrx}k nzeºkztc~"stcxrkzx}qyetc~"kze"xkztfqrace { e³w® tckzqrklsutNs¥Eo ¨©ª ¥;sud-k²7qymwre/d-s { enlx±uqyace·d-sux}qAovwvoretq e"kztcqyace·s7~"~"mwrretc~"eBs¥ tce"oqykz¤e { kzdfetcxrkzsut vorodfeqyer8x 7:9 ±Âµ·acklnzei·kl~ao { xrst ¦3u«Bvc}e"xretqye { otIon¯® qye"}to#qrkz¤ue/twsqykzsutNs¥X¨©ª±Hoo#kltikztiqyace·~"stHqre7qAs¥dfk¯7qymc}edfs { enlx"°+`/ace { ;k 5f~mcnzq´| µ·kzqyad-suree"tceyon'd-s { e"nlx¶klx/qyaoq oxrkz~tcsqrklsutcx/nz$k 4#e *&
(19) ¶dfoO|q<o 4exre¤ue"ron e Hmonznz| o#~"~"evwqo nle
(20) dfe"otckztcux"±µ·k²qya { kl}e"~q-~sutcxre Hmce"tc~e"x¥;sWqracevcrsvXe}qykze"xWs¥ qyace ~"su}rexrvsut { kztc¨©ª¶x°º`/awe"reklx·qyaHmcxoftcee { qrse¤#onzmo#qre9ot { ~"sdfvo#reqyacexre vcrsuve"qykze"x¥;suqracedfsuxq·to#qrmcyonE~acsukl~e"xBs¥¨©ª¶x"° `/awevc}e"x}e"tqvove"·}eOox}xre"x}xrex¬qyackzxBvwrs nze"d kzture"o#qye { evwqya ot { ue"tceyonzkzq´| ¥;sufd-klx}xrkztc { o#qo dfs { enlx"° ©´t j:e"~qykzsut :±µ e }e"~"onln/qyawe tcsqrklsutwx-kztqyrs { mc~e { kzt j:vckleue"nzaon²qye"eq onS°c¦Su«°j:e"~qykzsutvc}e"x}e"tqyx¶oq´|7vsunls|Ns¥qyace·vsuxrx}k nze/e7qyet:® xrklstcx¶s¥+¨º©ª[kztd-klxrx}kltc { o#qyo9dfs { enlx"±Hµ·ackznlej:e"~qyklstgi~"stcx}qrrmc~qyx·ot { ~sud-vorex qyacexre e 7qye"twxrklstcxklt yo#t { sud e¹Ee~qd-s { e"nzx"±o#t { j:e~qrklsut { s7e"x-qyace
(21) xyod-e¥;su dfk¯:qrmcrexs¥ { klx}qrrk mwqykzsutcx=° / eY~"stc~"nzm { e qrace vo#vXeµ·kzqra o { kzxr~"mwxrxrkzsut s¥¬qrace re"nze¤#otc~es¥!qrace¤#orkzsumcxe :qre"tcx}klsutwxºkzt j7e"~qrklsu1t >w° ? @ i·&'" · & )!·&[ ¶ .8 A , B CTs~"sud-veqykztc vorod-eqy}kl~Yxqo#qrklxqykl~"ond-s { e"nzx"± DFEHGJI KML ±Bqrace ~"sutwx}qy}mc~qrklsut[s¥9o ue"tcerkz~d-s { en²® ~"sud-vo}klxrstYqys7sunKklxio { 6k 5-~mcnzqvcrs nled µ·k²qya o nlsutwLackzx}qrsu}|°L©´t vo}qrkl~mcnpo±qyaweºkzxrxrmweºs¥ { e¤7kzxrkltw9oxrenle"~qykzsutf~rk²qye"}klsutNqrao#qKµ¶sN 4Hx sqyafox o d-eOoQ® xrmc}es¥³cqºot { o#xoWdfe"oxrmwre s¥~"sdfvcnze:kzq´|klx Hmckzqre ~aconlnze"tcukztcc°A©´tLqracklxBvove"± µ¶ee co#dfkztcexrsunze"n²|-qrace~"}kzqyerklo { e¤e"nzsuvXe { klt
(22) j:vckze"uenlao#nzqye¶eqBonS°E¦Su«±:kltc~nlm { ® kltcc±Eklt ~"stctce"~qykzsut µ·kzqyaId-s { e"n~sud-vcnle wk²q´|u±Âqrace"kz¬dfe"oxrmwreO± 7:9 ±'s¥KqyaceWe¹Xe"~qyk²¤ue t7mwd e!s#¥cvorod-eqyerx+kltoBd-s { e"n3°+`/awklx 7mcotqykzq´|kzx oxre { sut9Po *&
(23) ± { e³tce { | Q .. EKMLSRUT!VW$XMYZD[EH\]I^K L`_aVW6XMYcbEH\dL8e. fJfhg ikj+lnmo.
(24) g. ,$ #
(25) 2 &% . µ·ace"}ePbdEH\dL klx/x}sud-e¬¥;mcnln²|fx}vXe~"k²³e { x}qyot { o { kkltciqre"}d¸µ·ackz~aLkzx¶¥;mctc~qyklst
(26) s#¥+qrace { o#qoWonzsutce#°`/ace"t
(27) qyace '* FQ k# 7:Q 9 klx { e³tce { ox 7O9 R E2K LdT EK L
(28) e ¦ Q« Q µ·ace"}e EKML¶kzxqyacevQ sux}qre"rkzsud-eOot { e¤7kpotc~e± EKMLZR T VW6XMYZDFE\]I^KMLI \ _ VW$XMYcbE\dLe. ·µ ackl~a ~Oot e-reo { e { ox9o!oO|uexrklot d-eOox}mcre-s¥ ³cqO±!ot {"K kzx ot ex}qykzdoqyeNs¥ K { evXet { kltwYsut \A°
(29) `/acevsux}qre"}klsu dfe"ot K R# K I \$ºklx s¥qre"t o tco#qymcronK~acsukz~"e ¥;su%K mwq9qracevsuxqye"}klsudfs { e-su9d-e { kpot ~Oot o#nlxrs e}mcx}qrkz³e { °%&Bsqye-qyao#q7:9 klxN~"sdfvcnzeqre"nz| klt { e"ve"t { e"tq-s¥ºqrace)~acsukz~"es¥Bqyace)xqot { o { k"kztc)b!° ĺxWonl}eOo { | vXsukztqye { sumwqkztj:vckze"uenlao#nzqyeKeq·on3°X¦Suuu«±Hqyaceº¥4o~q qyao#q 7:9 dfoO| { evXet { sutqrace ~acsukl~es¥!qracee"xqykldfo#qr'e KN klx/sutces¥+qyawe { 6k 5-~"mcn²qykze"xs¥+qyawklxBovcvc}so~a° Ä ~"srrexrvsut { kztc
(30) ¦3¨©ª/«¥;sudfs { en~"sud-vo ® klxrst
(31) kzx·o { ¤#otc~e {
(32) Q+ |L*, j:vckleue"nzQaon²qye" eqºon3°¦Su«A¥;}sud¸qracklx/~sutcx}qrrmc~qykzsut)( R Q E2K L _ 7:9 R Q EK L _aV7:Q 9 ¦3u« R R. V 2E K LdT EKM L T -^W$XMYcD[EH\]I^K L I \$M_aVW6XMYZDFE\]I K< L0/ .. { e"nH~"sud-vo}klx}sut±Qµ¶e~"otWox}xrmcd-e µ·k²qyacsum:qnzsuxrx!s¥Tue"twe"yo#nlkzq´|qrao#qbEH\dLSR21± ¥;su·onlnXdfs { enlx"±wxrsNµ¶eqo<4e Q EKML R T!VW$XMYcD[QEH\]I^K L0/ ¦4« Q K}s^¤:k { e { qyaco#q E2K LEklx'oO¤#okznpo nzekzt ~nlsux}e { ¥;su}dL± EKMLE~"ote"oxrkznz| eAovwvcrsO:kldfo#qye { mcQ xrkztc ot ÃYª/à ª}mct | qy o 4Hkltc Q qracexrodfvwnled-eOo#t s¥/qyawe)xrkld9mcnpo#qre { ¤o#nlmcex9s¥ E2K L° /[awe"t K R3# K I \$kzxKmcxre { ± E KML~"oto#nlxrs eBovcvc}s^:kzdo#qre {- |Wvcnlmcukltckzt qyaceBxyod-vcnzeºd-eOotfs¥Eqracex}kldimwnpo#qre { ¤o#nlmcex s¥ K:°ÄxAvsukltqye { sum:q |j:vckleue"nzaon²qye" eq)o#nS°B¦S#uu« ± qyawklx~awsukl~e s¥ KI e"twxrmc}e"xqyaco#'q 7O9 klx-vsuxrk²qykz¤e
(33) µ·awe"t qyawe { etcxrk²q´| klx nlsu#® ~"sutw~OoO¤ue-klt K:± m:q9k²q9kzxtcs#qiovwvcrsuvwrkpoqyeWµ·ace"0t K
(34) klx { klx}~"}eqye ® ¤#onzmce { xrkltw~"e # K I \·mcxrmo#nlnz|L¥4oklnzx¬qys)q<o 4e-sutceWs¥¶qrace"x}e-¤#onzmce"x°fĺnlx}sc±+ox}e¤eOonze { | ¨ºe"©´su}kls ot { Bs e}qB¦3uu« ±qyawe/e¹Xe"~qrkz¤e { kld-e"tcx}klsut 7:9 doO| µ¶enln e/tce"uo#qyk²¤ue/kltiqrace/~Oo#xre s¥d-k²7qymc}e"xºs¥ { kzx}qy}k m:qyklstcx"° / eµ·klnzn { klx}~"mcx}x¥;mc}qrace"Bqyaceklx}xrmces¥K~acs7suxrkztc ¦;su tcsq·~acs7suxrkztcH« KN klt)qrace¥;sunlnzsQµ·kztc9x}e"~qyklstcx"° CTs!d-s. Jf. 45 647.
(35)
(36) !"$# # &%' ()+*&,-#. . * & "&&'" )( ,+ f,)/.& ©´tfqyawklxKxre~qykzsut±Hµ¶e { e"x}~"}k eºvsuxrx}k nze·e7qyetcxrkzsutcx¶s#¥'¨©ª kztfd-klx}xrkltw { o#qodfs { enlx"± qyao#q·kzx"±wµ·awe"t D[EH\]I^K LRhD[EH\ce`I^K Le. |Yo#qrqre"d-vwqykztcqysµ·}kzqreWoq´|:vsunzsu|Ls¥¶tco#qymcron¨º©ª¶xkzt xrmc~a xreqrqykztcux°NÃLkzxrxrkztc { o#qoºdfs { e"nzx!qra7mwxklt¤usun²¤ue¤#o}kpo nze"x µ·ackl~a-o}etcsut:® s x}e"}¤e { ±Hsu!dfkzxrx}kltcc±#kltNo { ® { kzqrklsutNqysqyaceBs x}e"}¤e { ¤#orklo nze"Sx \A°·H¦ /[aceqyacesuAtcs q iklxAvca|7xrkz~Oonznz|Wd-eOotckztc¥;mcn ¥;su/qyace vcrs nled klxBtcsqBrenle¤o#tHqºacere° «`/aces xre}¤e {Y{ oqo-oxrx}s:~kpo#qre { µ·k²qyaqyackzx dfs { e"nµ·kznln e { e"tcs#qye {) | \ R EHG e ///e G
(37) ML ot { qyace~"su}re"x}vXst { kltw $# # &%(* | R E e// /+e
(38) ML1° Csunlnzs^µ·kltcqraceÅAà qre"}dfkztcsunls|u±'qyawefnz$k 4enlkzacs:s { D[EH\]I^K Lkzx s¥qyet ~Oo#nlnle { qyace # N*F, , O+*µ·ackznle D[EH\ce`I^K L¶klxB~Oonznle { qrac1e ,$ , , O+*d° / e¬µ·kznlnmcxre ox/kznlnzmcx}qryo#qrklsutcxKs¥+x}mc~a d-s { e"nlxAqyacex}vXe~"klonÂ~Oo#xre"x·s¥+rot { sud e¹Xe"~qºot { d-k²7qymwre¬d-s { e"nlx/kztLj:e"~qyklstcx/go#t { :° !#" $&%(')$+*-,/.10". Ä ³ rxqW~Oo#qre"usu| s¥º¨©ª¶x-klxioxrx}s:~kpo#qre { µ·kzqra qyace)s xre"¤ue { nlk64enlklaws:s { ±D[EH\]I KML± mct { eiqyaceox}xrmcd-vwqrklsut qrao#qNk²qi~"ot e~sud-vcmwqye { klt ~nlsux}e { ¥;surd ¦;µ·awkl~a§klx ¥;su kltcxqotc~eYqyace ~"oxre ¥;su)d-k²7qrmcreYd-s { e"nzx mwq { s7e"x)twsq
(39) onzµ¶oO|7x)acsun { ¥;s)ack {c{ e"t à oN 4#s^¤dfs { e"nzx« S° CsunlnzsQµ·kztcQ ¥;}sud ¦4«±wµ·awklnle EKMLSRUT!V $# W6XMYcDFE\I KMLI \. lk xB~"nle"orn²|
(40) ot { mwtck Hmcenz| { e³ctce { Q ±Xe¤e"t qyacsmcuaYk²qºdfoO|
(41) re Hmckzre¦SÃYª/ÃYª/«Bxrkld9mcnpo® qyklst qys e~sudfvwmwqye { ovcvc}s^:kzdo#qre"n²|u±~aws:sux}kltc KL klx9d-su}e { enlkl~"o#qyefxrsYqrao#q9qrace { e³twkzqykzsut)s¥+qyacex}e"~"st { qre"rd EK L¶klt ¦ Q«¶kzx/tcsqBmctck Hmce° ©´t
(42) ¥4o~q"±cµ·kzqracklt
(43) dfkzxrx}kltc { o#qyo-d-s { e"nzx/nlk$4#eqyaced-k²7qymc}edfs { e"n's#¥Kj:e~qykzsut :° 7± qyace voyo#dfeqye"}dx KBo}e¶tcsqon²µoO|7x8*& O 2 +,$ot { qyawe¶vsux}qre"rkzsudfe"ot K R3$ K I \ ~Oot
(44) qyacet e9o-¤e"}|
(45) vs:sºex}qykzdoqysu° Csu·kltcxqotc~e±Xkltqyacedfk¯:qrmcre~"oxre#±Ekz¥ s#qya vcrkzsurxNo#t { nz$k 4#e"nlkzacs7s { ore)kztH¤#o}kpotqiµ·k²qya§rexrve"~q-qrs qyacenpo enlxis¥Bqyawe)~"sud-vXs® tce"tqyx±ÂonznvXsuxqyerklsºd-eOotwxo}e9k { e"tqykz~Oon+ot { qyacedfk¯7qymc}e~sunlnlovcxrexBqrso-xrkltwunle ® ~"sud-vXstce"tq·d-k²7qymc}e-¦Sª¶enle"m7eqºon3°z±T#uu« °ÄxBoNrexrmcn²qO± ¨º©ª SRUT -$# W6XMYcDFE\I KMLI \ _ VW$XMYZD[EH\]I 6 K I \$ L fJfhg ikj+lnmo.
(46) >. ,$ #
(47) 2 &% . klxis¥qre"t§tcsq-oYs:s { ~acsukz~"e°CTsikltcxqotw~"e±Aklt qrace)d-k²7qymc}e~Oo#xre± ¨©ª ionld-sux}q onzµ¶oO|:x·nzeOo { xqrs-o-tceo#qrkz¤ue¬¤#onzmce¬¥;su7:9 ¦3¨ºe"©´su}kls-ot { ·s e}q"±uu« ° Äd-sure}e"nze¤#otq·~acsukz~"e¥;su+KN klxqracevXsuxqyerklsdfs { esu/d-s { e"x± kK EH\dLSR. Y. . D[E2K:I \dL
(48) e. rx kltw~"e9qracklx { e"ve"t { xstYqyaceivsuxqye"}klsu { klxqy}k mwqrklsutLs¥qyawe9µ·acsunze9¤ue~qys K:±Âro#qyace qyaot9sut9qyawe¶dforukztonvsux}qre"}klsu { klxqy}k mwqrklsut s¥Tk²qyx+~"sud-vXstce"tqyxoxkztqyawedfk¯7qymc}e ~Oox}e°K`/acklx·nzeOo { xqrsNqyace on²qye"}to#qrkz¤ue ´s x}e"}¤e {
(49) ¨©ª ¨©ª 8RUT.- ^W$XMYcD[EH\]I^K L I \$M_aVW6XMYZDFE\]I K EH\dLNL / Be~OonznE¥;su·kltcxqotw~"eqyaoqO±c¥;su/qyawe L® ~"sud-vXstce"tq·d-k²7qymc}evcrs nle"d
(50) ±wqrace"}ee wkzx}qºo dimcnzqrklvcnzes¥ dforukztonuvsuxqye"}klsud-s { e"x" ° &ºsqreAqrao#q"±#µ·acet9qyace vcrkzsusut K·klx+mctck¯® ¥;surd
(51) ±#x}sqyaco#q K EH\dLkzxo#nlxrsBqyace doQwkzdimcd nz$k 4#e"nlkzacs7s { e"xqykzdo#qrsu"±Qqyawe¶~"srrexrvsut { kztc 7:9¶± 7O9 RUT!V $# W6XMYcDFE\]I^KMLI \M_aVW$XMYZD[EH\]I Kk E\L L
(52) e klx/tce~"e"x}xyo}kln²|)vXsxrkzqrkz¤e° ©´t-qyaceBd-k²7qymc}e·~Oox}e±:µ·awe"reºtcsutck { e"tqrkz³To klnlk²q´|9kzQ xKe"t { edfkz~±7ot { ¥;suAonlnd-s { e"nzx µ· ace"}eqyackzxklxAqyace~Oox}e±coid-su}eºtoqymcronE~acskl~"eº¥;su E K LAklx qrsixrenle~q·ote"x}qrkldfo#qys D[E\dLAs¥'qrace { etcxrk²q´| D[EH\]I^K L±7xrkztc~"eqracklxA¥;mctc~qyklstklx klt¤#orklotq¶mct { e"ve"}dimwqyo#qykzsut s¥qyace9~"sud-vXstce"tq¬nlo e"nlx° Csuºkltcxqotc~e±Xsutcei~"ot mcxreqyaceivsuxqye"}klsuºe:ve"~qyo#qykzsut $ DFE\]I^KMLI \;°/¦ &ºsqre qrao#q+qyackzx!kzxonzxrsºklt { evXet { etHqs¥cqyawe¶revcrexretHqyo#qykzsut¦4«° « ©´t qye"}dfx/s#¥!¥;mctw~qykzsutonEe"x}qrkldfo#qykzsut±Hqyackzx·ovcvc}so~ a
(53) vcrs^¤7k { e"x·x}qyo nlee¤#onlmoqyklstcx¶qyaco#q orex}mcve"rkzsu9qrsYqyacevwnlmc#® klt e"x}qrkldfo#qyex D[EH\]I K<LAqyace { e"tcx}kzq´| ex}qrkldfo#qysuklxie"oxrkznz| ovcvc}s^:kzdo#qre {) |otLÃYª/à ª e¤#onzmo#qykzsutÂd° CTskltcxqotw~"e±c¥;s/o omwxrxrklotdfk¯7qymc}e µ·kzqya { etcxrk²q´| µ¶eaoO¤ue. DFEHGJI KMLR. 1 # ". . #'& %$. . . 7 EHGJI e L e. $ (. #'& . #)&. 7 EG I e $ L+* D[EG I^K L I \$Me. µ·ace"}e EG I 32 e L { etcsqyex)qyac e { etcxrk²q´| s¥qrace tcsu}do n-, E. e L { klx}qrrk mwqykzsut± K'R0/ 7 e e1 µ·kzqra4 R E. e///e L65 ±7 RUE. e ///1 L65+ot { 7 R E 7 e ///+e27 L85 ± D EGkLR [. !. . Jf. 45 647.
(54) .
(55) !"$# # &%' ()+*&,-#. o t { ! { etcsqre"xiqyawetHmcd e"is#¥BÃYª/ÃYª xrkzdimcnpoqyklstcx"°`/ackzx9klx9onlx}sLqrace)ÃYª/à ª vcre { kl~qykz¤e { e"twxrkzq´|±ot { qyackzx/nleOo { xqys-otcs#qyaceB~rk²qye"}klsut ¨ ©ª R T.- W6XMYZD[EH\]I^K L I \ _aVW$XMY D E\L
(56) e µ·ace"}e D[ EH\dLR
(57) D EHG L ° &ºsqreNqyao#qqracklxkzxonlx}sqyaceWvc}suvsuxyons¥·kl~aco { x}sut ¦Suuu«¬klt ace" { klx}~"mcx}xrklst s¥·j7vckleue"nzaonzqre"eq9on3°¶¦3u«°`/ackzx9kz x Hmck²qyefoLxretcxrk¯® nleonzqre"rtco#qyk²¤ue±xrkltw~"eqyawevcre { kl~qyk²¤ue { kzx}qrrk mwqykzsut kzx Hmckzqre~"etqyyo#n¶qy%s ¶o^|e"x}kpot kltw¥;ere"tw~"e°
(58) ¦3j:e"e#±'¥;sukltcxqotw~"e±ÂqraceWtcsqrklsut s#¥ oO|uex ¥4o#~qysrx"±Âµ·awkl~a oreN ro#qykzsux¬s¥ vcre { kl~qykz¤e"x±·s e}qL¦3u Q« ° « &Bsqye
(59) onzxrsYqrao#qWqyace}e"npoqykz¤e¤#onlmcexNs¥ DFE\L ±¥;su { kz¹Xe"}e"tq·dfs { enlx"±w~"sutcxqyk²qymwqreqracevXsx}qyerkzsu oO|uexB¥4o#~qysrx·s¥!ÄkzNq 4Hklt ¦ Ou Q« ° 0
(60) $1$,/.10". /` aceNdfkzxrx}kltc { o#qoxqy}mc~qrmcreNdfo 4exoO¤o#klnpo nledfot| on²qye"}to#qrkz¤uerevcrexre"tqyo#qykzsutcx s¥EqracQ e¬¨©ª± |Wre"onlnzs:~"o#qykztc¬qyaceBvsuxrk²qyklstcxKs¥Eqrace!W6XMY9o#t { s¥Eqyace·¤#orkzsumcxKe:ve"~qyo® qyklstcx"°c/ e ~Oot
(61) ³rxqtwsqyeqyaoqO±TmcxrkztcWqyace ~"sud-vcnzeqyenzk$4enlkzacs:s { D[EH\ce`I KML±cµ e9~"ot xreq EKML¬ox¬qraceWvXsx}qyerkzsue:ve"~qre { ¤o#nlmce
(62) ¦;sQ¤e"qyawe-d-klx}xrkztc { o#qyo«s¥Aqyace}sukztq { e¤7kpo#tc~"e#± Q E2KML R. T!V $-/ W6XMYZD[EH\ce I KMLI \ce K &I \ 2 R T!V /$ ^W$X YZDFE\ e I^K L I \ e kI \ 2 R T!V $ ^W$XMYcD[EH\ce I KMLI \/ ©´tIo {c{ k²qyklst
(63) qrsqyace { k65-~"mwnzq´|
(64) s¥K~acs7suxrkztc K o#xkltLqyaceiQ vwre¤7kzsumcx¬x}e"~qrklsutE±Xµ eNaoO¤ue qyace)vc}s nze"d s¥ { e³twkltcYqrace³w:e { vsukltq { e¤7kpotc~e± E KM L °¬t qyace oxrkzxis¥ºot. kltqyervc}eqoqyklsts¥'qrace¬¨©ª[oxAqyace¬e :vXe~qoqyklsts¥'qyaweA}sukltq¶¨©ª s^¤ue"qrace¬d-klx}xrkltw { o#qo:±oNQ to#qymwyon'k { eOoNklxqrsNq o 4#e E K: I \ce&L R ¨©ª EH\ce &L R. T!VW$XMYZD[EH\ce`I K:I \ce L T -$# W6XMYcDFE\ e `I^KMLI \ce _aVW6XMYZDFE\ce`I K I \ce L
(65) e. ot { qyacet { e³tce ¨©ª R ¨ ©ª R. fJfhg ikj+lnmo. HE \cecLI \ T -$ W6XMYZD[EH\ce I KMLI \ _ V +^W$X YZDFE\ e I $ K I \ce L I \$ /.
(66) . ,$ #
(67) 2 &% . `/acklxBre 7mwklrexºqrace9~sudfvwmwqo#qrklsut
(68) s¥Ko-vXsx}qyerkzsu·e:vXe~qyo#qykzsutL¥;suBeOo#~a ¤#onlmce s¥ ± mwqqyackzxklxmcx}monln²| tcsq { 6k 5-~"mcn²q oxqyaceW~"sdfvcnzeqreNdfs { e"nkzxs¥qyet ~awsuxret ¥;sukzqrx xrkld-vcnzkl~"k²q´|u° Äx}e"~"st { x}sunlmwqrklsut)kzx/qysW~"sutwxrk { e" o#xºo#t o {w{ kzqrklsuQ to#nEvorod-eqye/yo#qrace"/qraot oxo9d-klx}xrkztc ¤#o}kpo nleBot { qrsimcx}eovck²¤usqyon 7mcotqykzq´| EKM L oxre { sutex}qykzdoqye"xAs¥ sqra o#t { K wqyaco#qBklx"±wklQ tw¥;su}do#nlnz|± E KM LZR T!VW$XMYcD[EH\ce EH\dL I Kk E\dLNL. /. tw~"e)ouoklt±+µ¶edimcx}qix}qy}e"x}xiqyao#q"±klt dfkzxrxrkztc { o#qoYvwrs nze"d-xnzk$4#efqyawedfk¯7qymc}e dfs { e"n3±qracei~acskl~"ex¬¥;suºqrace"x}eNe"xqykldfo#qrsurxore 7mwkzqye { e"nzkl~Ooqyeio#xqyace9e:vXe~qyo#qykzsutcx s¥ ±!uk²¤uet)\A±!oreWvs:suex}qykzdoqysu}x"± ekltc)¥;sukztcx}qyotc~"efonznk { etqykl~"on mct { e" eH® ~aotcue"o nzeivcrkzsurxi¦4x}e"e-j:e~qykzsut :° u«°`/aceNstcnz|
(69) renle¤o#tHq¬e"x}qrkldfo#qys E EH\dLe KkE\L L klt qracklxxreqrqykztcLqraHmcxixree"d-x9qys e-qyace OÃLÄ?e"x}qrkldfo#qyss¥¶qyacevcoklF E e KML ± ukz¤e"Ft \A±wmwtcnlexrxsutweklx re"o { |-qys { e³tceo9vwrsuve" nlsux}x ¥;mctc~qykzsut)oxkzt)ª¶enle"m7eq·onS° ¦Su«° kz¤e"t qyaco#qqyawklxex}qykzdoqysufklxtcs#q
(70) o^¤#okznpo nle
(71) klt ~nlsux}e { ¥;surd
(72) ±/µ¶eI~acs7sux}eYqys mcxre qyace ex}qi¦4klt
(73) qyerd-xºs¥qyace¤#onlmcexs¥!qyacevXsx}qyerkzsu { klxqyrk mwqrklsut
(74) vcrsvXsuqykzsuton qy(s D[EH\ce`I^K L D[E2K Lr«vokl qyao#q/orsux}e { mc}kltciqrace ÃYª/ÃYª[kzqyeyo#qrklsutwx"° &Bsqye¬qrao#qqrace dfkzxrxrkztc#® { o#qo·x}qrrmc~qymc}e·klxmwxrmonznz| ~acsux}e"t-xrs¬qrao#qqrace+}sukztHq { klxqy}k mwqrklsuPt DFE\ce`I^K L klx o^¤#okznpo nle·klt~nlsux}e { ¥;srd
(75) °`/aHmcx"±e¤uet)kz¥ÂqraceÃLÄ ex}qykzdoqyeB~Ootctwsq e { erkz¤e { oton²|7qrkl~"onln²|u±Âqyawef¤#onlmwe"x9s#]¥ DFE\ce`I^K L D[E2KMLo#q qyawexrkzdimcnlo#qye { vo#klrFx EOe KML ~"ot e ~"sud-vcmwqre { ° `/awe9¨©ª[~"su}rexrvsut { kztc-qrsNqyackzx·oton²|:x}klx/kzxqyacet ¨©ª 8RUT.- $ ^W$X Y D[EH\ce!I^K L I \ _aVW$XMYZD[EH\ce EH\dLI K EH\dLNL
(76) e µ·ackl~a± o}rkztcBoBvs:s+ÃYª/ÃYª ovcvwrsO:kldfo#qykzsutqys·qyaweÃLÄ e"xqykzdo#qre±xracsmcn { nle"o { qysio vXsxrkzqrkz¤eºe¹Ee~qyk²¤ue { kld-e"tcx}klsut 7:9O±7uk²¤ue"tfqyao#q"±Hmct { e/o Toq¶vc}klsu±qyaceºxre"~sut { vo}qKs#¥Â¨©ª Aklxqrace·do:kzdimcd ¦;dfs { mcnzs Vu«s¥qyawe·¥;mwtc~qrklsutWkltqre"uro#qye { kztiqyace/³}x}q vo}qookztcx}dq K¬ot { / ° &ºsqreacs^µ¶e¤ue"±qyaoq¨©ª klx!xrsud-eµ·aco#qkztc~"sutwxrklxqyetHqkltqrace µoO|kzq¶q o 4#e"x kltQ qrsfo#~"~"smctqO°K`/ace vXsuxqyerkls { e¤7kpo#tc~"ekltw~"su}vXsuro#qyex ox·d-klx}xrkltw ¤o#rkpo nlexµ·acklnze E K< Lot { qyacere¥;sure 7:9reo { x Yoxot o {c{ kzqykzsuton+vorod-eqye ¦4xreej:e"~qyklstLgN¥;su·otkznlnlmwx}qyro#qykzsutT« ° ĺtcsqrace"kztqye"}vcreqo#qrklsutE±uot { qyaHmcxKotcs#qyace¨©ª±u~"ot e { erkz¤e { ¥;}sud?qyace/ÅAà oton²|:x}klxAs¥'qyawed-klxrx}kltc { o#qyo9d-s { enS°Be~Oonzn¦4¨e"d-vcxqye"¶eq/o#nS°²± Ou7 7·s e}qot { . Jf. 45 647.
(77)
(78) !"$# # &%' ()+*&,-#. . ªoxrenlnpo:± ^uw± 7° w° « qrao#q·qyace~sure¬¥;mctw~qykzsuts¥+qyace ÅAà onzusu}kzqyawd kzx. E2K I \ce KLZR 6W XMYcDFE\ce I KML I \ce K Ze µ·ace"}e'K·}e"vc}e"xretqyx·qyace ~mcr}e"tq ¤#onzmce¬s¥ :K ±cot { EK I \ e KL¶klxdfo:kld-klx}e { s^¤e". K kztfqyawe à xqye"v)s#¥Eqyawe¬onzusurk²qyacd
(79) ±qrs9vc}sQ¤7k { eBqraceº¥;snlnls^µ·kztc ~"mwrretq ¤#onzmceK ° `/ace¥;mctc~qykzsut kzx9mcx}monznz| eOox}kln²| ~sud-vcmwqo Q nle#±ox9¥;s9kltwx}qo#tc~"ekzt qyawedfk¯7qymc}e ~Oox}e°K`/acQ e"}e¥;su}e±otcs#qyace/to#qymwyon'~acskl~"e¥;su E K< /L kzxqysNqo<4 e E\dL I \ce K&E\L LZR T!V W6XMYZDFE\ce I K EH\dL L I \ce K&E\L e E KM LSRUT!V E KO µ·ace"}e K EH\dºL kzx¬ot ex}qrkldfo#qysuºs¥ K ox}e { sut D[E2K:I \dL ±Xxrmc~a ox¬qraceidforukzton!ÃLÄ e"x}qrkldfo#qys"±su o ³w:e { vXsukztq s#¥ ±7xrmw~aox¶o#t)ÅAÃÆdoQwkzdimcd nzk$#4 e"nlkzacs7s { ex}qykzdoqye° . `/acklx/~acskl~"enzeOo { x/qrsfoN~sur}e"xrvsut { kltcf¨©ª ¨©ª R T.-$ ^W$XMYcD[EH\ce!I^KMLI \ _ V ^W$XMYZD[EH\ce!I K E\dLNL I \ce K&EH\dL / Äxf¥;s¨©ª Q±qyawklxxqyro#qye| klx~sutcx}klx}qre"tq)kzt qyace
(80) µoO| kzqfre"uo { x §oxd-klx}xrkltw kltw¥;su}doqyklst yoqyaceWqraot ox-ot e7qyro voyo#dfeqye"± mwq-kzqNkzx-twsqWumorotqyee { qys nleOo { qys¬o O# e¹Xe"~qykz¤e { kzdfetcxrkzsut 7:9"±ox!qrace¶dfo:kld9mcd?nl6k 4e"nzklacs7s { e"x}qrkldfo#qys ukz¤e"x/qyacedfo:kldimwd¸s¥ W6XMY D[EH\ce!I^KMLI \ce K yo#qrace"qraot
(81) s¥ ^W$XMYZD[EH\ce!I^KMLI \ce K qyaceWnpoqrqyes¥Aµ·ackl~a klxx}donznle¬xrkztc~"(e W$X Y
(82) kzx o~sutc~"o^¤e-¥;mwtc~qrklsut °Wĺt on²qyerto#qrkz¤e qy s qyace)dfo:kld9mcd nz$k 4#e"nlkzacs7s { e"x}qrkldfo#qysµ sumcn {§ e)qys ~acs7suxre KOE\dL qysIdfo:kld-klxre EK I \ce K L±wµ·awkl~a
(83) re"vwre"x}e"tqyxoNdfsu}e~aonznle"twukltcNvwrs nze"d
(84) ° 0 *
(85)
(86) , . 0". ħqrackl { o#vcvcrsuo~aqrs¨©ª¶x!kltqyaceA~"stHqre7qs#¥cd-klxrx}kltc/¤#o}kpo nzed-s { enlxklx'qrsºmcx}eAqrace ~"sut { kzqykzsuton+nlk64enlklaws:s { ± DFE\I Oe KML ±Xµ·acere
(87) klxqrace"tI~"stcxrk { e"}e { oxot o {c{ k²qykzsuton voyo#dfeqye"°`/ackzxovcvwrso~a acox¬s ¤7klsumwx¬ox|:d-vwqrsqykz~iot { ~"suaceretc~| { k65-~"mcn²qykze"x"± ox { kzxr~mcxrx}e { klt qyacevcox}q9nlkzqre"ro#qymc}eL¦SÃ o}rkzsqrq¦ ^uuu« }|o#tHqNot { /[kznlnlklod-xrsut ¦ ^#« k²qrqrnle-ot { Bm klt ¦ ^uuu«r«± mwq9kzq klx ~"sdfvcm:qo#qrklsuto#nlnz|
(88) ¥;eOo#xrk nle-ot { ~"ot qyaHmcx e·~"sdfvo#re { µ·k²qyaNqyaceBsqrace"Kxrsnlmwqrklsutcxo s^¤e°B¦ &Bsqye·kztfo {c{ kzqrklsutiqrao#qA¨©ª fJfhg ikj+lnmo.
(89) ^. ,$ #
(90) 2 &% . . lk xx}kzqrmo#qye {N eq´µ¶ee"tNqyawe~"sud-vcnzeqye¶ot { qrace~"st { kzqrklsutcon7ovcvc}so~acexklt9qrao#qk²qmcx}e"x qyace~"sdfvcnzeqrenlk$4#e"nzklacs7s {f mwqBxrkzdfkznpo}nz|Nex}qrkldfo#qyex° « Ä to#qymwyon!xrsunzmwqykzsutYkltLqyackzx¥;yod-eµ su 4Lkzxqysovwvcnz|
(91) qyace9surkzuklto#n { e³tck²qykzsutYs¥ ¨©ª[qrs-qrace~"sut { kzqykzsuton { kzx}qy}k m:qyklst±:µ·ackz~aLnzeOo { xqys ¨©ª 8R T - ^W$X YZDFE\I e K L I \$ _aVW$X YZDFE\I :EH\dLe KkE\dLNL
(92) e µ·ace"}eNookzt
(93) qrace9vcokl' EOe KML/klxex}qrkldfo#qye {L |
(94) qyace/}sukltq¬ÃLĬ e"xqykzdo#qrsu"±ovwvcrsOH® kldfo#qye {) |Là ª/ÃYª°X`/awklxBovcvc}so~aLnleOo { x/qysfoWvsux}kzqyk²¤uee¹Xe"~qyk²¤ue { kld-e"tcx}klsut 7:9± mct { eºo Toqºvwrkls¶¥;su fot { K:±c¥;suqracexyod-ere"oxrsutwxox¥;s·¨©ª ^° ĺt on²qyerto#qrkz¤e
(95) x}sunlm:qyklst kzxNqys xre"vcoyo#qr"e K ¥;rsud /±/ox-klt ¨©ª ·qyaoqfkzx"±Aqys ~"sut { kzqykzsut³}x}qBsut ot { qyacetLkztHqre"uro#qyes^¤e" ~sut { k²qykzsutonXsut \ ±wukz¤7kltw ¨©ª 8R T - W6XMYcDFE\]I e KML I \ _ V 6W$X Y D[EH\]I e K EH\ceZLNL I \ e µ·ace"}e K EH\ce&LXkzxotex}qrkldfo#qysuEs¥ K oxre { sut D[EH\ce`I^K L±^x}mc~aiox'qraceKvXsuxqyerklsÂdfe"ot ¦;µ·ackz~aklxAtcs^µ[o ~"su}re"~q¶ex}qrkldfo#qysu e"~"omcxreºkzqAklx o#xre { sutfqrace}skltq { klxqyrk mwqrklsutT« suqyaceºÃLÄ e"xqykzdo#qrsus
(96) ¥ KW¦4~sut { k²qykzsuton:sut sqra \Iot { 7« ° ºe"} e kzx { eOo#nzqµ·k²qya oxºd-klx}xrkztcN¤o#rkpo nlex/yo#qrace"·qyao#tYoxºotLo {c{ k²qyklstonÂvo#yod-eqre""°¶`/acex}kldimwnpo#qrklsutcx kltNj7e"~qrklsutN:° ·klnznlmcxqyyoqyeqyaoq¨© ª o~qymo#nlnz| e"aco^¤e"x { k²¹EeretHqrnz|¥;rsd¨©ª µ·ace"t e"x}qrkldfo#qykztc9qrace~"sud-vcnle :kzq´|qracrsmcua 7:9¶°
(97) , I· f,)/.& ©´t qyawklx-xre"~qykzsut µ e nzklx}qNqraceL¤#o}klsumwxf¨º©ª¶xklt qyace
(98) ~"stHqre7qs#¥o x}kld-vcnlerot { sud e¹Xe"~q¶dfs { enS°j:sud-eºs¥Xqyace { eqokznlxKs¥Âqraceº~"onl~mcnpoqyklstcxKoreBtcsq uk²¤ue"tface"}e m:qo}e o^¤#okznpo nleN¥;rsud qrace)omwqracsu}x"° `/ace)d-s { e"nKµox { klx}~"mcx}xre { kzt§j:vckze"uenlaon²qyeeqWonS° ¦Suuu«± mwqface"}e
(99) µ e x}eqfkzq-mcv oxfo d-klx}xrkltw { o#qo vcrs nle"d
(100) ±Kµ·kzqya§qyaweLrot { sud e¹Xe"~qrx/reo { e { ox dfkzxrxrkztc¤#onzmce"x± e"~"omcxre~sud-vcmwqoqyklstcxo}eº¥;e"oxrk nleºklt~nlsux}e { ¥;surd%¥;suqyawklxd-s { enot { onznls^µ¥;suo eqrqre"~"sdfvo#rklx}sut s¥Aqyace { k²¹EeretHq ¨º©ª¶x"° ÃLsureºxrve"~kz³~"onln²|u±µ¶eº¥;s:~mcx¶sut-qyaceBµoO|-qyace|o#~"~"smctq¶¥;suA~"sud-vcnze:kzq´|±:k3° e#°sutfqrace 7:9x"±x}kltc~eqyacereklx/tcs-re"onÂd-s { e"n²® xrenle"~qykzsutklx}xrmcekztqracklx/x}eq}qykltwc° j7mcvcvsuxreqyacere¥;sureqyaco#qO±w¥;s dR 1Me// /e7 e G R. . _ e. Jf. 45 647.
(101)
(102) !"$# # &%' ()+*&,-#. . µ·ace"}e , EK e L·ot { , Eke Leµ·kzqya onln'rot { sd ¤o#rkpo nlexBkzt { evXet:® { e"tqºot { µ·kzqra Lot { qyace x]4Htcs^µ·t°K`/acet nlsu(D[EH\ce`I KML R nzsu(DFE\]I &L
(103) _§nlsuD[E`I KML 1 1 R TZ7 nzsu V
(104) F_ V nzsu E LdT V EG T L . . . T V. 1. . . E2K&e _ L. . E T KML /. Ã orkltonznz|±<G , , E2K&e1 E LNL ±uµ·ace"}e R kEc_ L /`/aHmcx 7 1 nzsu(D[EH\]I^K LRUT V nlsu[V
(105) [_ V nlsu1E LdT V EG T0KML / ©´tqyawklx/xre~qrklsut±cµ emcxreo To#qBvc}klsu¶¥;s]K:° . . . . . . !#" $&%(')$+*-,/.10". CTs¶qyackzx·ewod-vcnle. K:I \. ,. . . G e . . 1 . . e. o t { qyacere¥; sr ef qrace-vX su xqyerklsdfe"ot o#t { d-s { e-s#¥ K:±+uk²¤ue"t)\A±o}e sqra e 7mconqys K EH\dLSR G /c`/aHmcx ¨©ª SRV¨©ª 8R 7
(106) nlsu V
(107) 1T nzsuOE L _ EHG T Kk EH\dLNL _ V / CTmw}qyawe"rd-su}e ± 7:9 SR 7O9 R21/ Csu·¨º©ª Bkzq¶qymc}tcxºsmwq/qyaoq D EH\dL R DFE\]I^KMLI \ R V ! D[EH\]I K EH\dLNLe ¦;gH« xrsWqyao#q ¨©ª R ¨©ª T nzsu[ V ot { 7:9 8R21]T nlsu[ V / fJfhg ikj+lnmo.
(108) Q. ,$ #
(109) 2 &% . . 7j mcrvc}klx}kltcun²|u±qyaceN}e"npoqyklstcxrackzv§¦4g«ºklx¤#onzk { e¤uet qracsumcua sqra D[E I K EH\dLNLºot { o#re { etcxrk²qykze"x"° ©´t { ee { ±'qracklx¬k { e"tqrkzq´|Lsutcnz|Lacsun { x¥;suºqyaceN vo#}qykz~"mcnlo·¤o#nlmceP\ ~"su}re"x}vXst { kltw-qrsWqrace s xre}¤#o#qrklsutcx°8Csu/s#qyaceB¤#onzmce"x·s¥ w± DFE L/klx/tcsqBe 7mcon'qys DFE I KkEH\dLNL V7° &ºsqreionzxrs-qyao#q¬kzqºd o 4#e"x¬x}e"tcx}eiqyao8q 7:9 kzxºx}donznleBqraoF t 7:9 kzt qyao#qAqyawevc}e { kz~qyk²¤ueºklx¶twsq¶twe"~"exrxrorkznz|-s¥'qyawexyo#dfeB~"sud-vcnze:kzq´|-oxAqyaceºxrmcd s¥Âqrace { kld-e"tcx}klsutwxs¥!kzqyx/vcoyod-eqre"}x"° . D[ E L. . . 0
(110) $1$,/.10". . CTs¶qyacerot { sud Q EKML R. e¹Xe"~qBd-s { e"nS±. T!V $ W$X YZDFE\ e I^K L I \$ T!V /$#^W$XMYcD[EH\ce I KM LI \ce & I \ V
(111) 7 nls V
(112) 1T nlsu E L. R R. . . . 2. . _ EHG T L _ E T L _ k1 I \ R T!V +^W$X Y D[EH\ce!I K I \ce L I \$ _ 1Me. , E ke L /ÄxBoNrexrmcn²qO± 7:9 2 R 1u°. . . xrkltw~"e K I \ e ÄB¥qye·¥;mw}qyawe" { eqyoklnze { ~"onl~mcnpo#qrklsutwx µ e s qokzt ¨º©ª R V7
(113) nzsu[ V
(114) T nlsu E L _ E 1]T _. R /. ot {. . . ¨©ª d_. . . T M 7 K EH\dL _aV]_ 7. 7 W$XMYFV
(115) F_ 7P_. e onlx}sWs qo#klt7:98R21c_. . W6XMY. 7`eM7:9 R 1u± ¨©ª VR ¨º©ªd_)7`e. . . . . L+EG T K E\L L . . /. ¨©ª R ¨©ªcT"7 R º¨ ©ª / Jf. 45 647.
(116)
(117) !"$# # &%' ()+*&,-#. ^ . /` awe ¤#onlmwe s¥!7:9LklxtcsqLxrmwrvc}klxrkztc§xrkztc~"e#±klt ¨©ªO± kzx
(118) }e"o# { e { oxLot e7qyroIvcoyod-eqre"iQ s#¥ { kld-e"tcx}klsut 7° `/ackzxNklxitcs#qiqyace~"oxre)kzt§¨©ª-x}kltc~e±Aklt qrace ~"sud-vcmwqyo#qykzsut)s¥ EK L± -klxqrreOoqye { ox·d-klxrx}kltci¤#o}kpo nle"x° 0 *
(119)
(120) , . 0" *% $&% % $ % " ¨©ª ot { ¨º©ª klt¤sunz¤(e DFE\I Oe KML °i©´t qyaceWrot { sudÆe¹Xe"~qd-s { e"n3±Eqyackzx Hmotqyk²q´| { s:extcsq { e"ve"t { sut vcoyod-eqre" K xrs qyaco#q)~"sdfvcm:qykltw qyawe 7:9x)ot { qyacere¥;sre qyace-¨©ª¶x { s7e"xtcsq re"onln²| df o 4#e-x}e"tcx}eF° CTskltcxqotc~e:± 7:9 µ¶sumwn {I e-
(121) ot { 7:9 onzqracsumcua { kz¹Xe"}e"tq¥;rsd¸:± e"~Oo#mcxre Nklx¶~"sutcx}k { ere { ox·ot)o {w{ kzqrklsuto#nvcoyod-eqre"± µ¶sumwn { tcsq·q<o 4e KNkltqysWo~~"sumwtHqºe"k²qyace"° &Bsqyeacs^µ e¤e"ºqrao#q ¨©ª R 7Lnlsu V
(122) 1T nzsu _ E1T L+EHG T K E\dLNL _ V _ / E 1]T L 2 E L2e µ·ackl~a ovcveOo#rxo#q¬qraceNe"t { s#¥j7e"~qrklsut :° s¥¶j:vckze"uenlao#nzqye , )¦3uu« ±Â~"srre ® xrvsut { kztcNqys-o ~ao#tcue s¥!¥;s7~"mwx ²° `/aweN¨©ª¶x-¦3¨º©ª «Bnle"o { kztcfqrsqyacexyod-e9d-eOo#xrmc}eis¥K~"sdfvcnze:kzq´|)qracrsmcua 7:9aR 1 mwq¬qrs { kz¹Xe"}e"tqvsux}qre"}klsu { e¤7klotc~"exxracs^µ acs^µ qraceinlo#qrqre"B~Oot kztc~"su}vXs® yo#qrefo#t o {w{ kzqrklsuto#nve"ton²q´| | d-eOox}mcrkztc)qyacefod-sumctqs¥d-klx}xrkztc)kltw¥;srdfo#qykzsut± ~"su}re"x}vXst { kltwqys ±'kltY¨©ª o#t { ¨©ª ^°9¨©ª kltw~"su}vXsuro#qyexqyaweNdfkzxrxrkztckztw¥;su® do#qrklsut9kltiqyaweBvsuxqye"}klsu { e¤7kpo#tc~"e/µ·ackznlde 7:9K}e"o { x oxAotNe7qyr]o 7:® { kzdfetcxrkzsuton voyo#dfeqye"i¦ 7:9 R 1]_ 7« °`/ackzx¬klnznlmcxqyro#qyexºqyaweimctcxro#qykzx}¥4o~qysu|Ykltw~"sutcx}klxqye"tw~|Ykzt qyaceµ¶o^|)¨©ª ·q<o 4e"x fkltqysWo~~"sumwtHq"±ox·dfetHqrklsutwe { klt
(123) j:e~qrklsutLw° :°
(124) $ Af ·&¸ ,)&Â' )
(125) & Äxd-e"tqrklsutce { klt j:vckleue"nzaon²qye"·eqon3°¦3u«Bot { kltLqraceietcxrmckztc { kzxr~mcxrx}klsut±Eot or~aceq´|7vckl~"onewod-vcnle s¥o§d-klx}xrkztc { o#qyo dfs { e"nºklxqrace L®´~sud-vXsutwe"tqtcsu}don dfk¯:qrmcreklt)µ·ackl~a D[EG I^K LR 7 EG I e Le 7 R 1Ze . . . fJfhg ikj+lnmo. .
(126) Og. ,$ #
(127) 2 &% . . µ·kzqyatcs#qo#qrklsutox { e³tce { klt
(128) j7e"~qrklsutLw° u°`/aces x}e"¤ue { nlk$4#e"nzklacs7s { klx
(129) DFE\]I^KMLSR. 7 EHG I e L / `/acklx!dfs { e"nH~"ot e¶kltqre"rvwreqre { oxoºd-klx}xrkltw#® { oqo·dfs { e"nHvc}s nze"d?kz¥wµ¶ekztqyrs { mc~e qyac ed-e"d erxrawklv ¤#o}kpo nle"x R E e //2/ne
(130) ML±o 2 x} eqNs#¥ L® { kzdf etcxrkzsutonKklt { kl~"o#qysu ¤ue"~qysu }x"± { etcsqre { | R / e ///+e / ke1 ±wx}sNqy ao#q R21¬k²¥+ot { sutwnz|fkz¥ G kzxuetce"ro#qye { ¥;rsudqyacetcsurdfon { klxqy}k mwqrklsut E/I e L ±w~sut { k²qyklstonTsut ±wot { DFE R21 LSR 7 °K`/ace~sur}e"xrvsut { kltcW~"sdfvcnzeqrenl$k 4#e"nzklacs7s { klxqrace"t
(131) D[EH\ce`I KML R ¦3u«. 7 EG I e L /
(132). !#" $&%(')$+*-,/.10". :j kltc~e DFE\]I^KML klxWoO¤#oklnlo nle-klt§~& nlsux}e { ¥;sur&d
(133) ±qyawe
(134) d-klx}xrkztc { o#qyo ~"ot ekltcsure { ot { qracee :vcrexrxrkzsutcx
(135) ¦3u« o#t { ¦4«¥;suqyawe { e¤:klotc~eot { ¨©ª ~Oot ef~"sud-vcmwqre { mcxrkztc ! xrkzdimcnpoqye { ¤#onzmce"xK $ e///ne K $ " ¥;}sud ot ÃYª/ÃYª }mct° ¦H/ e
(136) }e¥;eWqrace reOo { e"/qysª¶e"nze"m:)eqºonS°'¦Su« ¥;su { eqokznlx/s¥+qyace tcs^µ®´xqot { o { kld-vcnze"d-e"tqo#qrklsut s¥·ot§Ã ª/ÃYª o#nlusu}kzqracdkzt dfk¯7qymc}efx}eqrqrkltcx"° « `/ace³}x}qqye"}d s¥B¨©ª ±¨©ª ot { ¨©ª Bkzx/qyacere¥;sre #'& Q. T V. EKML. *. !. T V. ". W$XM
(137) YcD[EG I^K $ L #)& " # . W$XMY 7% $ #. . #'&. $ L / CTs¶¨©ª ±7qyaceºvXsuxqyerkls¶d-eOotcx s¥'qyawe¬vorodfeqyerxo#re~sud-vcmwqye { ox qraceÃYª/à ª xyod-vcnleKd-eOotwx!s¥:qyace xrkzdimcnpoqye { ¤#onzmce"x+s¥:K7± m:qO±ox+d-e"tqykzsutce { klt9j:e~qykzsuti:° ¶ot { ¥;mc}qrace" { klxr~mcxrx}e { kltWª¶enlem:NeqKonS°w¦S#uu« ±#qyawe"xre·ex}qykzdoqysu}xo}etcsqdfe"otckltw¥;mcn7kz¥ tcs·k { etHqrkz³To klnzkzq´|B~"sutwx}qyrokltqkzx'kld-vXsux}e { sutqyaweAd-s { e"nT¦3j7qyevcacetcx"±#u«±ot { e¤ue"t qyacet qyace|
(138) s¥qyetYnle"o { qrstceo#qyk²¤ue7:9 x"°B©´t ¤7kleµs#¥qyackzxº~sutcx}k { eyo nze { yoOµ o ~ 4T± qyace ¨©ª ¶~"rk²qyerklst)klx/tcsq/qrs e~"stcxrk { e"}e { ¥;mw}qyawe"¥;suqracklx·vc}s nledL° R. !. EHG I $ 1e . #'&. Jf. 45 647.
(139) Q.
(140) !"$# # &%' ()+*&,-#
(141) . . 0
(142) $1$,/.10". /` aceA³crx}qqre"rd-xs¥w¨©ªQ±¨©ª!ot { ¨©ªo}eAonln#k { etHqrkl~"onS°©´t¤:kzeµ s#¥:qracklx±µ e ~"ot mcxre9qraceixrodfeiÃYª/ÃYªonlsurk²qyacd o#x e¥;su}e9qysf~"sud-e9mcvYµ·k²qya o#t ovcvc}sOwkzdoqyklst qys $ W6XMYcDFE\ e I^K L I \$4±ce :~"e"v:qºqrao#q·µ¶e onzxrsWtcee { qys-xrkld9mcnpo#qreºqrace 2 x° ·e"~"onln+qyaoq $ W6XMYcDFE\ e I^K L I \$ R $ / ^W$X Y D[EH\ce!I^K L I \ce K I \ ¦Sj:e~qykzsut w° «° kz¤uet qyao#q"±º¥;su)d-k²7qrmcre d-s { e"nlx± ^W$X Y D[EH\ce!I^K L I \ce K ¬kzxo^¤#okznpo nle kzt ~"nlsxre { ¥;su}d ox
(143) ^W$XMYcD[EH\ce!I^KMLI \ce K :R D[E R21 I^K e \LkW6XMYkE 7 EHG I e LNL
(144) e. µ·kzqya. 7 H E G I e L { e ¥ . DFE R21kI K eN\dLSR EH\ce KML
(145) e R. 7 E G I e L & &. qyackzx·ovcvc}s^:kzdo#qrklsutklx/s qyokltwe { ¥;rsud qyaceÃYª/Ã ª sumwqrvcmwq K $ e/ //ne K $ " ox #'& #'& #)& #'&
(146) " 1 # EH\ce K $ LkW6XMY / 7% $ EG I ( $ e $ L 2 / ¦ >«. !. . `/ace"tqyacex}e"~"st { qre"rd klt
(147) ¨©ª ^± . . ~Oot eo#vcvcrsO:kldfo#qre { |.
(148). #'&. #)&. #)&. #'&. 2 $ W$X Y / 7 $ EHG I $ e $ L 3 ¦ u «. !. #)& #'& e $ LcR# K I \ce $ S±cµ·awkl~a ~"ot e~"sdfvcm:qye { ewo~qyn²|u±ToxBxracs^µ·t. V. #'&. V ^ W$X Y D[EH\ce!I K I \ce I \ e. #. ". . . . . . . µ·ace"}e K $ R KOE\ enls^µ±Emcx}kltc)xqot { o { }e"x}mcnzqrx¬klt%¶o^|e"x}kpotIotconz|7xrkzxN¦4Bs e"qO±Eu ^«°¬`/aceNvwrkls su1t KWkzx·oxrx}mcd-e { qys e oNvc}s { mw~qBs¥!~"sut}mwo#qye { etcxrk²qykze"x"± D[E2KMLSR DFE 7 L D[E. e1 L
(149) e . . fJfhg ikj+lnmo.
(150) >. ,$ #
(151) 2 &% . . µ· ace"}e D[E 7 L'klx!o¨kzrkz~acnle q { e"tcx}kzq´| E /
(152) I e ///+e L±MD[E. I Lkzxotwsurdf on { etcxrk²q´| E /SI e Lot { D[E. Lºklxo#t klt¤uerxreN uodfdfo { etcxrk²q´| E /SI
(153) MV e MV L°`/ace 7mcotqykzqrkle x e///ne ± ± ± ot { o}ei³w:e { a|:ve"}vorodfeqyerx"°9© q¬¥;sunlnzs^µ·x qyao#q 7% $. #'&. $. R. $ . #'&. $. ·µ kzqya. $. 7 I \ce. R. #'&. #)&. $ #)&. #'&. $ ! #'& '# & #)& $ ! $ #)& #'! & $ #'& ! $ #)& . $ ($ ! $. R _. _. I \ce $ #'& R _ E _ L. $ I \ce $ :R _ _ _ E T L R.
(154). #'&. . #'&. #)&.
(155). . #)&.
(156). #)&. . . E _ #'&. ! $. #)&. T V Le. #'&. . R $ e $ R $ G e $ R $ EHG T $ L e #'& #'& ot { µ·kzqraqyace $ R E $ e/ //+e
(157) $ LAxrkld9mcnpo#qre { oq/qyaceqra
(158) k²qyeyo#qrklsutfs¥qyace ÃYª/Ã ª onlusrkzqracd
(159) ° © ¥!µ¶emcx}e9o#vcvcrsO:kldfo#qrklsutI¦>«±:qyace ¨©ª ~rk²qye"}klsut)kzxqyacet ! $. ¨©ª. 1 #'& ! $ #'&.
(160). . . #'&. #'&. . . #'&. #)&. EG e K $ LkW6XMY / 7% $ EG I ( $ e $ L 2. !. #'& #'& #)& #'&
(161) " _ V # $ W$XMY7/ 7 $ EG I $ e $ L 2 / !. . Q j:kld-klnlo¶¥;su}dimcnpo#eovcvcn²|)¥;su¨º©ª ^±Tµ·kzqraLqrace9~e"tqyron { e¤7kpotw~"e E KML e"kltw ox}e { kltcxqyeOo { st
(162) qracef¦ }sukztHq«ÃLÄ e"xqykldfo#qrsu"° ©´t qyacef~Oox}es¥·¨©ª ^±+qyacef~"e"tqryon { e¤7kpo#tc~"eonlx}s re Hmckl}e"x9nze"x}x9~"sdfvcm:qo#qrklsut± xrkltw~"e)kzqiklx ox}e { sut ot§e"xqykldfo#qres!¥ K qyao#q { s:ex-twsq { e"ve"t { sut ° / eqrace"t *. T. - # ". . . . Jf. 45 647.
(163) Q.
(164) !"$# # &%' ()+*&,-#. s qo#klt T !.
(165). #'&. #)&. . . . . #'&. . . E\ e K $ LkW$XMY E 7 $ EG I $ e1 $
(166) _ V E\ce K LkW6XMY:E 7 EG I e L Le. . - # ". . . . . . #'&. LNL. . oxBot
(167) ovcvc}s^:kzdo#qrklsutfqys-¨©ª^°
(168). 0 *
(169)
(170) , . 0". :j kltc~e qrace ~"sut { kzqykzsutonEnlk$4#e"nzklacs7s { D[EG I e KMLklxBoO¤#oklnlo nze±wµ e9~"otYonzxrs-mcxre ~"}kzqre"rklo ¨©ªot { ¨©ª O°W`/aceN³}x}qqyerd*~"ot e-ovcvwrsO:kldfo#qye { kzt ox}kld-klnloB¥4o#xrackzsut qys qyacevc}e¤7klsumwxBx}e"~qyklst±ctod-e"n²|)ox Q. T V.
(171). . . #'&. . . #'&. #'&. EH\ce K $ LkW6XMY EHG I $ e1 $ L /. !. . Q `/acex}e"~"st { qyerd s¥Â¨©ª"± E ke K L±HklxAre"o { kznz|Ns qokztce { ±µ·ackznle/qyaweº~sudfvwmwqo#qrklsutwx ¥;su·¨© ª ºs#¥ ^W$X Y D[EH\]I e K EH\ceZLNL I \ Q *, ore¬¤e"}|x}kld-klnlo qrsWqracsux}e vwrsuvsuxre { o s^¤ue¥;suqrace ovcvc}sOwkzdoqyklsts¥ ° &Bsqyeacs^µ e¤e"qrao#qWqyaceµ e"klaHqrx 7 oretcs nlsutwue"Nvo#}q-s¥qraceL¨©ª ¥4o~qysu± e:~"evwqºqracrsmcua)qyacevsux}qre"}klsuµ e"kzuaqyx °
(172) %($
(173)
(174) " . $$+$ -,/.10 * ,/.10 / eaoO¤ue ¨©ª 8RUT.- ^W$XMYcD[EH\]I^K L I \$M_aVW6XMYZDFE\]I K EH\dLNL
(175) e µ·ace"}e Kk EH\dL { e"twsqyexoNvsux}qre"rkzsud-s { es¥ K7±Tot { ¨©ª RUT.- $ W$XMYZD[EH\ce!I^K L I \ _aV W6XMYZD[EH\ce I $ K:I \ce LI \ / E e KML. *. #. ". . . . . fJfhg ikj+lnmo.
(176) ^. ,$ #
(177) 2 &% . . e~Oo#t
(178) µ·}kzqye /. $ . W6XMYcDFE\ce I KML I \ R. W$X Y D[EH\ce!I^K L I \ce K 2 I \ R # /W$X Y D[EH\]I KML I \ce K 2 I \ _ / W$XMYcD[E !I \ce KMLI \ce K 2 I \ .. `/ace"t. # /. ^W$X Y D[EH\ce!I^K L I \OR3$ ^ W$X YZDFE\I KMLI \dL :T. $ . #. /. Åtq(/D[E !I \ce K L 2 I \ e ¦4«. µ·ace"}e qracee"tqy}suv|u± Åtq
(179) / DFE I \ e KML 2 R T / W6XMYZD[E I \ce KMLI \ce K 2 klx¬ofdfe"oxrmc}eis¥Kqyaweidfk¯7qymc}es^¤uernlov° /[acetIqraceid-k²7qymwre9~sud-vXsutwe"tqyxo#re9µ e"nzn xre"vcoyo#qre { qyackzxetHqrrsuv|Iqyerd kzx tweOoLo#t { k²qkzx¥4o¥;rsud µ·ace"t qyace-dfk¯7qymc}e ~"sud-vXstce"tqyxBo}evXs7su}nz|fxre"vcoyo#qre { ° © q·¥;sunznls^µ·x¶qrao#q Q+*,. R. Q+*,. d_. Åtq /DFE . I \ e KML 2 I \ _ V +^W$XMYZD[EH\ce!I $ K I \ e L I \kT SV W6XMYZD[EH\]I K EH\dLe. -$#. Bs^µ±Toxrx}mcdfkztcNqyaoq &. . W$XMYZD[EH\ce!I # K I \ e L I \. `/acklx/x}acsumcn {L e¤o#nlk { vcrs^¤7k { e { qrao#q µ·ace"}e . #. *. . W6XMYcDFE\ce I Kk E\L L I \ . K I \ce EH\dL R K EH\dL. :E\dLcR. . Y. . . D[E`I \dL /. Jf. 45 647.
(180) ^.
(181) !"$# # &%' ()+*&,-# . `/awenlox}qq´µ sfqre"}dfx/~"ot e¥;mc}qrace"µ·}kzq}qye"tLox. V 6W XMYcDFE\ e I 6 K:I \ce L I \ T VW$XMYZD[EH\]I Kk E\L+* V W6XMYcDFE I \ce K EH\dL L I \ . `/awe"t $#. Åtq /D[E . I \ce KML 2 I \ R R. *. T. /. $W X YZDFE I \ce K L I \ e K 2 I \ T ^W$XMYcD[E I \ce KMLI \ T W6XMYZD[E I \ce Kk E\dLNL I \ / # / . `/ace¬npo#x}q/o#vcvcrsO:kldfo#qrklsut-xracsmcn { e¬}eOox}suto nzeºµ·acet)qyace¬vsuxqye"}klsuK¥;su8K9ukz¤e"tF\ klx/xrm 5f~kletHqrnz|)~sutc~e"tqyro#qye { o}sumct { kzqrx/dfs { e° / eqyacere¥;sureaoO¤ue ¨©ª * ¨º©ª d_aV $ ÅtHq /D[E !I \ce K L 2 I \Me ¦4« ¥;rsud µ·ackz~a k²q¥;sunznls^µ·x·qyao#q¨©ª ¨©ª ot { qrao#q¬qrace { k²¹Eeretc~"e eq´µ e"et qrace q´µ¶s~"}kzqre"rkloºkzxq´µ·kl~e¶qyace/vsuxqye"}klsu!dfe"otNs¥qrace/dfk¯7qymc}e¶e"tqrrsuv|u°`/awklxkztce Hmonzkzq´| ~Oot e¬¤e"}kz³e { kltqracee:ve"rkzdfetqyx/qyaoqB¥;snlnls^µ° `/awe9kld-vsu}qyotq·vXsukztqBqrstcs#qyeo smwq·qyackzxºkztce Hmonzkzq´|)kzx/qyao#q¨©ª o#t { ¨©ª ores¥ { k²¹Eere"tqBto#qrmcrex"±cµ·k²qyaL¨©ª ve"to#nlk kltc9vXs7surn²|x}e"vo#yo#qre { dfk¯:qrmcrex"°
(182)
(183) $&%
(184) )% " /[ace"t ~"onl~mcnpoqykltwqracef¤#o}klsumwx9¨©ª¶x¥;su qrace tcs^µmcxre { klt dfsuxq vove"rxBsut
(185) dfk¯7qymc}e ex}qrkldfo#qykzsut±wµ e9s qokztqrace re"x}mcnzqrxºvwre"x}e"tqye { klt
(186) `o nle u° Äx sutce~Oot§x}e"e±¨©ª ot { ¨º©ª { s tcsq e"aoO¤eLxro#qykzx}¥4o~qysu}klnz| (qrace¥;su}dfeNnleOo { x qysWe:~"exrx}kz¤uenz|nlorue¬ot { tcsut:® kltc~re"oxrkztc 7:9 x"±vc}e"x}mcdo nz| e~Oomcx}es¥k²qyx/kztc~"sut7® xrklxqyetc~| klt { e"onlkztc)µ·kzqya ot { qrs vs:s ÃYª/ÃYª ovcvc}sOwkzdoqyklstcxqys
(187) qyaceÃLÄ e"x}qrkldfo#qyex"°`/ace}e"x}mcnzqrx¥;rsd ¨©ª iore-tcsq9re"nzkpo nle e"~Oo#mcxres#¥·~"sud-vcmwqyo#qykzsuton vcrs nle"d-x"°¶¨©ª ºnzeOo { x·qys-npo#rueZ 7O9 x·qys7sc±vc}e"x}mcdo nz|
(188) oxºoWxrk { ee¹Ee~q¬s#¥kltw~"su ® vXsuro#qykztc o#xovorodfeqye"±Xµ·awe"re"ox¨©ª eaoO¤uex xro#qykzx}¥4o~qysu}kln²|)µ·kzqya }e"x}vXe~q qys 7O9¶±w~sutcxrk { e"}kltc qyaoq¶¥;su o L® ~"sud-vXstce"tqd-k²7qrmcre·qyaceºtHmcd e"s¥Âvoyo#dfeqye"}x klx T 1u° Cklto#nlnz|±Etcs#qyeiqyaco#qonln¨©ª¶xkzt { kz~Oo#qre
(189) o#xqrace-ovcvc}suvc}kpo#qreitHmcd e" . .
(190) . . fJfhg ikj+lnmo. .
(191) . ,$ #
Documents relatifs
Deux concepts connus des m´ecaniciens sont alors mis en œuvre dans le chapitre 6 : 1 tout d’abord une r´eduction du mod`ele par une m´ethode de synth`ese modale coh´erente,
La méthode d’auto-échauffement consiste à amener de manière accélérée une
Par exemple, d’une manière très générale, Yves Deforge propose de considérer les objets comme liés à quatre sous-systèmes, et de dégager donc dans ces systèmes les
Cette baisse du poids démographique relatif de la France est évidemment un enjeu pour un pays qui doit pouvoir justifier par d’autres moyens son action géopolitique et
Cette nouvelle inscription illustre de forme complète, une structure formulaire qui jusqu’à présent était seulement documentée de forme fractionnaire, alors que les
If the temperature of the collapse increases due to an increase in the specific heat ratio (for example by lower initial concentrations of the chlorinated compound) the ratio
If a reproducible evolution of the refraction index with temperature and degree of conversion could be available, an absolute value of the degree of conversion would be
À partir du moment où la montagne Pelée se réveille, temps au bout duquel une grande éruption peut se reproduire (d’après la population interrogée
Contanto, é importante ressaltar que as cultivares ‘Salustiana’, ‘Pera’ IAC, ‘Pera’ “Jetibá”, são mais propícias para suco, podendo a ‘Salustiana’
Si l’examen du lien qui unit langue et identité trouve dans la première approche une résonnance due au fait que tout sujet parlant construit son identité par le biais de sa
En vertu du principe frégéen de compositionnalité qui règle dans les linguistiques formelles les rapports entre syntaxe et sémantique, la composition syntaxique est
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des
Les acteurs sont d’une part les entreprises, animées par tout type de structures porteuses ayant une légitimité à fédérer les acteurs économiques autour de projets communs
Considérant que le décret du 11 juin 1870 qui a organisé l’élection des membres des conseils généraux en Algérie est en opposition avec les principes du
Figure 1.8: Un r´ eseau Bay´ esien g´ en´ erique (` a gauche) avec un pattern unique, et une instance de ce r´ eseau (` a droite) avec six instances de ce pattern se chevauchant..
D'autre part si l'on tient compte des précipitations pendant le compte sa conduira à l'utilisation des canaux avec de très grands diamètres, ce qui pose un
Dans les autres cas, une étude éléctrophysiologique est nécessaire pour stratifier le risque de cette voie accessoire, et mesurer la période réfractaire de la
In SEALS, specially for the first evaluation campaign, three test cases of OAEI will be considered as test data for evaluation: benchmark, conference, and anatomy....
Adolescents nés en France de familles perdant leur droit au séjour : ils ne sont plus protégés contre une reconduite à la frontière ; jeunes entrés en France après l'âge de 10
En premier lieu, il faut souligner une corrélation plus importante entre le nombre de lectures de messages du forum par les « zyeuteurs » et la note de l’examen final : r=0.42
2) le niveau de reconnaissance institutionnelle des établis- sements d’accueil des activités, et plus particulièrement l’importance relative des établissements artistiques
En effet, Séroux, dans au moins deux de ses lettres, puis dans une note de son Histoire de l’art par les monuments (rédigées à une date où Rive est décédé) se plaint