Using penalized contrasts for the change-point problem
Texte intégral
(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Using penalized contrasts for the change-point problem Marc Lavielle. N° 5339 Octobre 2004. N 0249-6399. ISRN INRIA/RR--5339--FR+ENG. Thème COG. apport de recherche.
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(132) nª_Kv?´*w)K thv)GJ IVa D) ZT3p) UVXZVXD)IG)j`Va^n_jI #k~5 | %'m¯:^I5jjkI&´mh]op 'ª_p)IH]_m$K¥k uWCED_I&G&_j`Va^n)jkIJYqD_mh])[?InoZ?^]VqU n)eaZ\z)jkIHG bZ\e8VXD)IJUXnoIYVXeqmhj#pT^Ui VaeX^kz)TVa^Z?]ª v! & =: ëo\Z?j@ K_T])Z__t)Tn)nª_\}t TK?w) #k~\~ % cm\Q Z ck uWµUiVa^GmhVX^k])[ VXD_I]:)G&z3IHe#Zhb)YqD_m\])[\IH=n3Z\^k]VaU:^m8QTYqD:¨EmheafYea^`VaIHea^Z?]ª v 0
(133) hp p ) k)\Z?j@ K_Tn)nªª~)~3~5?w) # %. . . . ââ ßyz ÜÜ&{.
(134) ~ &&# &# 4C0 5 À Á #h / À0 1 -M¼ 0 .:/ ¼ Á¢ À0 H) 5 ¼ 5/) T ¼ À ¼ # 0 3¼?¾7-À / 0 - À . ¼ {){) {~ dCEI5D_]_ImhYjViZ\S]Vabea)m?]_UiYVVX^kbZ\)]]_YbVXZ\^keEZ\] VaD)INYqD_ m\N])[\IH =n3yZ\^k]NVEn_eXNZ?z) jI5 G N NN yy NN NN {){) }v ]B]Bm\mhTp)Vam\Z\nTGVX^k\mVaI ^kYyYqD)n)Z?ea^kZTYHYIyI5Z\p)b)VaeXD)IyI bZ?noe I5I5]_UWmhVXjk^k^kGJ5mmhVaVX^^kZ?])]$`[ noC mheqmhGJNIVa IHe*N yy NN NN
(135) ½3¼ /c 0 - - À ) - - .:/@\T / À 0 À ¼ ¼ 0 T / .À 0 t) À ~ ¼ K(Do /mh ])[? I5.cUET^k ]/ À Va0 D) I GJI5mh]1 N N y N N N N y N N t) { K(Domh])[?I5UE^k]VaD)I mhea^km\]_YI N y N N N N y N N. D )gP. . NN NN. NN NN. yy yy. }t K. . N N y %4 ~¯ t 4. N N y %~¯t. vØ#âvxw.
(136) Unité de recherche INRIA Futurs Parc Club Orsay Université - ZAC des Vignes 4, rue Jacques Monod - 91893 ORSAY Cedex (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Lorraine : LORIA, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois - Campus scientifique 615, rue du Jardin Botanique - BP 101 - 54602 Villers-lès-Nancy Cedex (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes : IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu - 35042 Rennes Cedex (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes : 655, avenue de l’Europe - 38334 Montbonnot Saint-Ismier (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt : Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt - BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis : 2004, route des Lucioles - BP 93 - 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France). Éditeur INRIA - Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt, BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France).
(137). . ISSN 0249-6399.
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