Flow Control as Stochastic Optimal Control Problem with Incomplete Information
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(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Flow Control as Stochastic Optimal Control Problem with Incomplete Information B. Miller — K. Avrachenkov — K. Stepanyan — G. Miller. N° 5239 June 2004. ISSN 0249-6399. ISRN INRIA/RR--5239--FR+ENG. Thème COM. apport de recherche.
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