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STICKING AND CLEANING OF GLASSES AND COATINGS
G. Guillevic
To cite this version:
G. Guillevic. STICKING AND CLEANING OF GLASSES AND COATINGS. Journal de Physique
Colloques, 1982, 43 (C9), pp.C9-653-C9-656. �10.1051/jphyscol:19829130�. �jpa-00222437�
Colloque C9, supplement au n°12, Tome 4i, decembre 1982 page C9-653
STICKING AND CLEANING OF GLASSES AND COATINGS
G. Guillevic
Corning Europe Inc., B.P. 3, 77211 Avon Cedex, France
Résumé : L ' a t t a c h a b i 1 i t é e t l a n e t t o y a b i 1 i t é de v e r r e s e t r e v ê t e - ments d o n t l e s s u r f a c e s o n t é t é s o u i l l é e s p a r des r é s i d u s de p y r o - l y s e i n c o m p l è t e de s u b s t a n c e s o r g a n i q u e s s o n t des phénomènes de n a t u r e c h i m i q u e . A 4 0 0 - 5 0 0I >C l ' a d h é r e n c e se f a i t p a r l ' i n t e r m é d i - a i r e de l i a i s o n s a t r ë s d i f f i c i l e s à c a s s e r p a r s i m p l e h y d r o l y s e à 1 0 0 ° C . E n t r e 100 e t 3 0 0 ° C , T a t t a c h a b i 1 i t ë q u i e s t due à une s u b s t i t u t i o n des m o l é c u l e s d ' e a u a d s o r b ê e s p a r l e s r é s i d u s de p y - r o l y s e met en j e u des l i a i s o n s h y d r o g è n e ; l a n e t t o y a b i 1 i t é e s t c a r a c t é r i s é e p a r l a r é a c t i o n i n v e r s e . Les c o m p o r t e m e n t s de d i v e r s m a t é r i a u x ( s i l i c e , b o r o - e t - a l u m i n o s i 1 i c a t e s , M g F - , T i O » ) o n t pu ê t r e e x p l i q u é s p a r l a n a t u r e de l ' e a u a d s o r b é e s u r l e u r s s u r f a c e s q u i o n t é t é e x a m i n é e s p a r s p e c t r o s c o p i e i n f r a r o u g e .
A b s t r a c t : S t i c k i n g and c l e a n i n g of g l a s s e s and c o a t i n g s , t h e s u r - f a c e of whi ch a r e s o i l e d by r e s i d u e s from an i n c o m p l e t e p y r o l y s i s of o r g a n i c s u b s t a n c e s a r e c h e m i c a l p h e n o m e n a . At 4 0 0 - 5 0 0 ° C , s t i - c k i n g c o u l d be e x p l a i n e d by a - b o n d s which a r e v e r y d i f f i c u l t t o b r e a k by h y d r o l y s i s a t 100°C. Between 100°C and 3 0 0 ° C , s t i c k i n g which i s t h e r e s u l t of a s u b s t i t u t i o n of p y r o l y s i s r e s i d u e s f o r a d s o r b e d w a t e r i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d by h y d r o g e n bonds ; c l e a n a b i l i t y i s t h e r e v e r s e r e a c t i o n . B e h a v i o r s of m a t e r i a l s s u c h as s i l i c a , b o r o - a n d - a l u m i n o - s i 1 i c a t e s , MgFo a i d T i O? a r e c o r r e l a t e d w i t h t h e n a t u r e of w a t e r a d s o r b e d on t h e i r s u r f a c e s which have been e x a m i - ned by i n f r a r e d s p e c t r o s c o p y .
1. INTRODUCTION
From r e s u l t s of i n f r a r e d s t u d i e s and of t e s t s c o n c e r n i n g an i n c o m - p l e t e p y r o l y s i s of o r g a n i c m a t e r i a l s , we have p r o p o s e d mechanisms a b o u t s t i c k i n g and c l e a n i n g phenomena.
2. DESCRIPTION OF STICKING/CLEANING TESTS
To do the pyrolysis, we start from products (carbohydrates, pro- teins, fats) which are characterized by or which lead, after pyrolysis, to functionalities such as
- O H , -C-OH, -C-H, - C - , =N-H, - N H0 -(1) 0 0 0
A mixture of these substances is spread on the surface of the ma- terials to be evaluated ; pyrolysis occur between 100 and 500°C in oven. After pyrolysis, we examine if the residue sticks or not. If it does, we try to remove it by dipping the sample in boiling water and by measuring the cleaning time.
Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:19829130
C9-654 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE:
3. RESULTS
We h a v e e v a l u a t e d s e v e r a l m a t e r i a l s : s i l i c a g l a s s , b o r o s i l ' i c a t e , MgF2 a n d T i 0 2 c o a t i n g s . The main r e s u l t s a r e s u m m a r i z e d i n t h e f o l l o - w i n g t a b l e .
I
~ ~ r o l ~ s i s l S i l i c a , Boro-,Alumina-1
T°C S i 1 i c a t e s
1
(
260°C[
S t i c k / D i f f i c u l t - t o - c l e a n/
S t i c k / E a s y - t o - c l e a n1
No i n o r g a n i c m a t e r i a l h a s b e e n f o u n d non s t i c k i n g . The o n l y n o n - s t i c k i n g m a t e r i a l s a r e o r g a n i c p r o d u c t s s u c h a s f l u o r o p o l y m e r s a n d s i l i c o n e s .
l-
I I4 . SURFACE EXAMINATION B Y INFRARED
The s u r f a c e s h a v e been e x a m i n e d by i n f r a r e d a t t e n u a t e d t o t a l r e f l e c - t a n c e ; s p e c t r a h a v e b e e n r e c o r d e d by u s i n g t w o a p p a r a t u s : a PERKIN E L M E R 4 2 1 g r a d i n g s p e c t r o p h o t o m e t e r w i t h a W i l k s S c i e n t i f i c a t t a c h m e n t f o r i n t e r n a l r e f l e c t i o n s t u d y and a N i c o l e t F o u r i e r t r a n s f o r m s i n f r a - r e d s p e c t r o m e t e r w i t h an H a r r i c k v a r i a b l e a n g l e i n t e r n a l r e f l e c t i o n a t t a c h m e n t . I n b o t h c a s e a KSR-5 c r y s t a l ( t h a l l i u m b r o m i d e i o d i d e ) h a s b e e n u s e d a s a r e f l e c t i o n p l a t e a t an a n g l e o f 4 5 ° C .
We h a v e c o n s i d e r e d o n l y p e a k s b e t w e e n 3000 and 4000 cm-I d u e t o O H g r o u p s . The r e s u l t s a r e shown i n t h e two f o l l o w i n g f i g u r e s :
S t i c k / E a s y - t o - c l e a n 100°C
3500 3000 cm-1 3500 3000 cm-1
I n f r a r e d s p e c t r a
-
( a ) F.E .P. (fluoropolymer) ( d ) a1 umi nosi 1 i c a t e
(b) Ti02 ( e ) b o r o s i l i c a t e
( c ) MgF2
Non s t i c k
a ) OH 5 - b o n d e d t o s u b s t r a t e ( V (OH) = 3 7 0 0 c m - l ) b ) s . t r o n g l y a d s o r b e d w a t e r ( v (OH) = 3 5 0 0 - 3 6 0 0 c m - ~ )
c ) w e a k l y a d s o r b e d w a t e r ( v (OH) = 3 2 0 0 - 3 5 0 0 c m - l ) ( 2 , 3 , 4, 5 )
5 . PROPOSED MECHANISMS
3 P~ro_lrs_l?-a_t-!0_0_=?O_O_:C
A t t h i s t e m p e r a t u r e , s u r f a c e s a r e a l m o s t c o m p l e t e l y d e h y d r a t e d a n d we c o u l d h a v e a r e a c t i o n b e t w e e n some f u n c t i o n a l i t i e s o f o r g a n i c s u b - s t a n c e s a n d t h e OH g r o u p s 5 - b o n d e d t o t h e c a t i o n s o f s u b s t r a t e s . T h i s r e a c t i o n l e a d s t o s t r o n g b o n d s w h i c h a r e d i f f i c u l t t o h y d r o l y z e d u r i n g c l e a n i n g .
b ) ! ~ r ~ i ~ 2 l : - ? : - 2 5 ! : c
A t 2 5 0 ° C , t h e w e a k l y a d s o r b e d w a t e r i s r e m o v e d . D u r i n g p y r o l y s i s , t h e r e i s a n e x c h a n g e o f t h e p y r o l y s i s r e s i d u e f o r w a t e r :
I n t h e s e c o n d i t i o n s t h e r e s i d u e s t i c k s o n t h e s u r f a c e . !dhen we c o n - s i d e r t h e c l e a n i n g i n w a t e r a t 1 0 O 0 C , t h e r e a r e t w o c a s e s :
.
I f t h e r e s i d u e i s v e r y s t r o n g l y a d s o r b e d correspondi in^ t o v ( 0 H )Q, 3 6 0 0 c m - I
-
s i l i c a , a l u m i n o - a n d b o r o s i l i c a t e ) , t h e s u r f a c e w i l l b e d i f f i c u l t - t o - c l e a n ..
I f t h e r e s i d u e i s n o t v e r y s t r o n g l y a d s o r b e d ( c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o v ( 0 H )% 3 5 0 0 c m - I
-
HgF2, T i O p ) , t h e s u r f a c e w i l l b e e a s y - t o - c l e a n . C ) !YP?!Y~~~-!;-!O_O_:~U e a r e i n p r e s e n c e o f t h e same r e a c t i o n as a b o v e :
.
I f t h e w a t e r i s v e r y s t r o n g l y a d s o r b e d ( v ( 0 H ) = 3 6 0 0 ° C ) t h e s u b s t i - t u t i o n i s n o t p o s s i b l e a n d t h e r e s i d u e d o e s n ' t s t i c k ..
I f t h e w a t e r i s n o t v e r y s t r o n g l y a d s o r b e d ( v ( 0 H ) = 3 5 0 0 c m 7 ' ) , t h e s u b s t i t u t i o n i s p o s s i b l e , t h e n t h e r e s i d u e s t i c k s ; b u t i t ' s n o t v e r y s t r o n g l y a d s o r b e d t o t h e s u r f a c e a n d c a n b e e a s i l y r e m o v e d d u r i n g c l e a - n i n g .6 . - COWCLUSION
N o i n o r g a n i c m a t e r i a1 h a s b e e n f o u n d n o n s t i c k i n g w h e n p y r o l y s i s o c c u r s a t t e m p e r a t u r e h i g h e r t h a n 2 5 3 ' C . T h i s i s m a i n l y d u e t o w a t e r m o l e c u l e s s t r o n g l y a d s o r b e d o n s u b s t r a t e s .
N e v e r t h e l e s s , some m a t e r i a l s ( M g F p , T i 0 2 ) w i t h n o t v e r y s t r o n g l y
-
a d s o r b e d w a t e r a r e e a s y - t o - c l e a n a n d c o u l d b e u s e d as c o o k w a r e m a t e - r i a l s , f o r e x a m v l e .
C9-656 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE
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-
M a r c e l D e k k e r a n d B a s e 1-
1 9 7 6.
c h a p t e r 3, p . 7 1.
c h a p t e r 4 , p . 1 6 6.
c h a p t e r 5, p . 2 2 2( 2 ) M. L . HAIR " I n f r a r e d S p e c t r o s c o p y i n s u r f a c e c h e m i s t r y "
M a r c e l D e k k e r , N e w - Y o r k 1 9 6 7 , p . 8 0 .
( 3 ) V.M. ZOLOTAREV a n d E . F . PERVEEV, Akademiia N a u k SSSR D o k l a d y 2 0 4 ( 4 )
,
9 0 3 - 9 0 5 , 1 9 7 2( 4 ) BERSTEIN VA, N i k t i n , U.V., X t h I n t . C o n g r e s s o n G l a s s , C e r a m i c S o c . o f J a p a n , J u l y 9 , 1 9 7 5 , V o l . I 1 ( 9 ) p . 1 0 5 - 1 1 0
( 5 ) E . G A L L E I , B e r B u n s e n g e s P h y s . Chem. 7 7 ( 2 ) , 8 1 - 8 5 ( 1 9 7 3 ) .