INCO-DEV : International Cooperation with Developing Countries
(1998-2002)
Contract number : ICA4-CT-2002-10061
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT
Covering period from 01/01/04 to 31/12/04
Facilitating Negotiations Over Land And Water
Conflicts In Latin American Peri-urban Upstream
Catchment: Combining Agent-Based Modelling With
Role Playing Game
NEGOWAT project
R Ducrot, ed.
CIRAD n° 62/04
January, 2005
Project homepage: http:// www.negowat.org
FUNDING : INCO-DEV, FAPESP, DFID, CIRAD
Keywords : Integrated water management, peri-urban catchment, multi-agent simulation, role playing game, action-research
Contract number : ICA4*CT 2002 10061
FACILITATING NEGOCIATIONS OVER LAND AND WATER CONFLICTS IN LATIN AMERICAN PERIURBAN UPSTREAM CATCHMENTS : COMBINING AGENT-BASED
MODELLING WITH ROLE GAME PLAYING COORDINATOR
CENTRE DE COOPÉRATION INTERNATIONALE EN RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT (CIRAD) . Département Territoires, Espaces, Ressources Acteurs (Tera)
TA 60/15 34398 Montpellier cedex 5 FRANCE Dr RAPHAELE DUCROT E-M : [email protected] TEL : (55 11) 3812 7414 FAX : (55 11) 3812 7414 CONTRACTORS
NATIONAL RESOURCES INSTITUTE Central Avenue, ME4 4TB Chatham Maritime UK DR JOHN BUTTERWORTH E-M : [email protected] TEL : (44-1634) 883615 FAX : (441634) 883377 UNIVERSIDADE DE SAO PAULO (USP) INSTITUTO DE
ESTUDOS AVANCADOS (IEA)
Av. Prof Luciano Gualberto, Travessa J374 terreo Cidade Universitaria
05 508-900 Sao Paulo, BRASIL
DR PEDRO LEITE DA SILVA DIAS E-M : [email protected] TEL : (5511) 30914442
FAX : (5511) 30919563
AGENCIA PAULISTANA DE TECNOLOGIA E AGRONEGOCIOS (APTA) Av Miguel Stefano, 3900 04301-903 Sao Paulo-SP BRASIL DR YARA CHAGAS DE CARVALHO E-M : [email protected] TEL : (5511) 50730244 r. 2289 FAX : (5511) 5073 4062
FACULDADE DE ECONOMIA – UNIVERSIDADE DE CAMPINAS (IE/UNICAMP)
NUCLEO DE ESTUDOS AGRARIOS (NEA) POBox 6135
Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz 13083-970 Campinas-SP BRASIL DR BASTIAAN REYDON E-M : [email protected] TEL : (5519) 37885748 FAX : (5519)37885752
INSTITUTO INTERNATIONAL DE ECOLOGIA Rua Benta Carlos 750, Centro
13560 –660 Sao Carlos-SP BRASIL
DR JOSE GALIZIANO TUNDISI E-M : [email protected]
TEL : (5516) 271 5726 FAX : (5516) 271 5726 INSTITUTO POLIS
Rua Araújo, 124 – Centro 01220-020 - São Paulo - SP -BRASIL DR VILMA BRABAN E-M : [email protected] TEL : (5511) 32586121 FAX : (5511) 32583260
UNIVERSIDADE MAYOR DE SAN SIMON (UMSS)
CENTRO-ANDINO PARA LA GESTION Y EL USO DEL AGUA (CENTRO-AGUA)
Pobox 4926 Av Petrolera, km4,5 4926 Cochabamba BOLIVIA.
DR ALFREDO DURAN NUENEZ DEL PRADO
E-M : [email protected] TEL : (591) 4 4234993
FAX : : (591) 4 4250329
CENTRO DE ESTUDOS DE LA REALIDAD ECONOMICA E SOCIAL (CERES)
PoBOx 949 Psaje Warisata n°1
Avenida Circunvalacoion entre Santa Cruz e Potosi Cochabamba BOLIVIA DR PABLO CUBAS E-M : [email protected] TEL : (591 4) 4402992 FAX : (591 4) 293145
TABLE
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 5
2 SCIENTIFIC ANNUAL REPORT... 9
2.1 I
NTRODUCTION... 9
2.2 F
INALIZATION OFWP1 ... 10
2.3 F
INALIZATION OF THE REPORT GATHERING THEMATIC STUDIES OUTCOMES(WP3
AND TASK1.3). ... 10
2.4 D
EVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT IN PERIURBAN CATCHMENT(WP2
TASK2.1)... 13
2.5 S
TRATEGY OF IMPLEMENTATION OFWP4... 16
2.6 S
TATE OF ADVANCEMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOLS(WP2 – T
ASK2.2)
20
2.7 W
ORKP
ACKAGE5:
USPCALING AND TRAINING MATERIAL... 21
2.8 P
UBLICATIONS OF THE TEAM... 22
3 MANAGEMENT ANNUAL REPORT... 29
3.1 E
XTENSION OF THE PROJECT DURATION... 29
3.2 T
EAM MANAGEMENT... 29
3.3 S
CIENTIFIC EXCHANGES BETWEEN TEAMS AND ORGANIZATION OF THE COLLABORATION... 30
3.4 T
RAINING ON ROLE PLAYING GAME... 30
3.5 J
OINT SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS... 32
3.6 D
EVELOPMENT OF RELATED PROJECTS: ... 32
3.7 O
UTLINE PLANS FOR THE NEXT YEAR... 32
3.8 A
DMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL PROBLEMS... 33
4 PARTNERS CONTRIBUTION ... 38
4.1 CIRAD
A
NNUAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT(2004)... 38
4.2 NRI
ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT(2004) ... 50
4.3 USP
ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT(2004)... 56
4.4 APTA
ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT(2004) ... 69
4.5 I
NSTITUTOI
NTERNACIONAL DEE
COLOGIA EG
ERENCIAMENTOA
MBIENTAL ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT(2004)... 79
4.6 U
NIVERSIDADEE
STADUAL DEC
AMPINAS-
ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT(2004).... 88
4.7 POLIS
A
NNUAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT(2004) ... 92
4.8 C
ENTROAGUA - UMSS (B
OLIVIA)
ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT(2004)... 101
4.9 CERES
(B
OLIVIA)
ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT(2004) ... 115
5 ANNEXES... 119
5.1
DATA SHEET FOR ANNUAL REPORT (NEGOWAT 2004) ... 119
5.2 MEETING
REPORTS... 119
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In our rapidly urbanising world, population densities no longer allow for unlimited access to safe water. Competition for water, often associated with a struggle for land, tends to be exacerbated in peri-urban areas, because of the wide range of users, the dynamic land use pattern as well as the specific hydrological functions provided to the city. This competition is associated with the growth of shantytowns with inadequate sanitation arrangements and increased pollution runoff. To face the challenge of sustainable land and water management at the urban fringe, new regulations are being experimented based on better integration of civil society in decision-making processes, at municipal level for land issues and at watershed level for water issues.
The NEGOWAT project aims to elaborate structure and test a methodology combining an agent-based modelling approach and role game playing as a discussion and mediating tool for facilitating negotiations/discussion over land and water management issues, in the specific context of the urban fringe of metropolitan upstream catchments in Latin America. The research aims thus to provide (i) a conceptual tool that will allow to analyse land and water management in this context (ii) a methodology (including computing tools) and its guidelines for its implementation to explore, test and discuss scenarios while reinforcing the participation of marginalised stakeholders of the city fringe in all stages of the processes.
The research is implemented simultaneously in two countries: In Bolivia, in the catchment of Tiquipaya, part of the metropolitan region of Cochabamba (1 million of inhabitants); In Brazil, the work is carried out in the spring areas of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (18 millions inhabitants), more specifically in the Guarapiranga catchment and the Cabeiceras-Tietê catchment. The activities are implemented by two multidisciplinary teams that gather specialists in different thematic field areas (urbanisation, farming system research, hydrology, sociology, institutional economy, law), specialists in modelling, in action-research and intervention with stakeholders. The work developed in 2004 permitted to finalize the first phase of the project which aimed to specify in each catchment the issue to be dealt with, the mode of intervention and to synthetize information and data and complete them in various thematic areas (hydrology, agriculture, land market, urbanization, land uses).
The investigations underlined the differences in the management of land and water in the two peri-urban catchments studied. In Brazil, we are dealing with the head catchment of a mega-city with a very centralized water service organization, individual irrigation, weak organization of local communities, urbanization due to the low income illegal settlements and an institutionalized water policy that includes mlti-stakeholders discussion bodies, the catchment comittees. In Bolivia, water management is little institutionalized except for traditional irrigation water rights in various collective systems, management of potable water is decentralized and urbanization results from the development of medium and high income individual housing. Comparing these situations permits to grade the different issues related to land and water management in a periurban context: expansion and sustainability of water urban services (potable water services in Bolivia, sanitation services in Brazil) in a context of expanding population is a conflictive questioning both cases. The tensions are either related to water resources availability, consequences of infrastructure development on social organization and existing relationships and competencies in their. The place and evolution of irrigated agriculture in a context of urbanization (and the territorial and social consequences of its evolution) is also a subjacent question in both situations, even if not acknowledged and an open discussion issue.
Water resources management is associated with various different types of conflicts that range from new project development, multiple uses of resources and areas, regulation policies and legislation, resources ownership and jurisdiction. Because of their complexity and dynamics, periurban catchments are particularly prone to theses conflicts. The literature identifies different types of negotiation situation: (1) negotiation in issue specific, time specific conflict (2) Negotiations for strategic planning and management of water resource. Both processes require the development of participative and integrated multi-stakeholder platforms for land and/or water management. Their
implementation relies on four main assumptions: (1) the stakeholders are willing to discuss and find common solutions to the issues at stake; (2) a common definition of the problem at stake and its boundaries is possible; (3) It is possible to get stakeholders understand the variability of point of views (including variability of interests, values and risks sensibility) on the present situation and its possible evolution; and (4) negotiated solutions resulting from this processes can be acceptable for all participants and are possible to implement.
Improving these negotiations processes may be achieved through various directions: - creating or strengthening a multi-stakeholder platform - improving negotiation procedures within the platform - enhancing the negotiating capacity of the stakeholders and developing their negotiating skills - providing facilitation or mediation support – building capacity in mediation skills. The Negowat project assumes that simulation tools can be useful to help to reframe the problem at stake and get the stakeholders to understand each other values, interests and sensibility to risks. The methodology elaborated will be tested in the following situations:
to facilitate discussions and negotiations between an institutionalized multi-stakeholder platform and atomized local actors: The capacity building of local stakeholders and small scale land and water users aims to facilitate and strengthen their participation in the Brazilian periurban catchment committees, as well as to discussed regulatory issues.
to facilitate discussions and negotiations on strategic planning within a stakeholder platform, with the example of discussion of the place and role of agriculture in an urbanizing catchment of São Paulo
to facilitate negotiations to settle a site/time specific conflict with an adhoc platform: a methodology to tackle site / time specific conflict, will be developed and tested in Tiquipaya to contribute the negotiations related to a potable water project (Macoti project).
To organize long term discussions and negotiations for strategic planning of organizations that are part of a conflict processes with the example of a collective discussion of the place and role of the potable water comittees in the evolution of water supply in Tiquipaya.
To facilitate local negotiation between different types of stakeholders with the example of Local negotiation on how to manage locally land and water to minimize the impact of urbanization, especially regarding farming activities in Tiquipaya.
To facilitate the development of discussion support tools, a conceptual framework has been developed to integrate the knowledge and expertise of thematic specialists. The Bolivian framework focused on the stakeholders. In Brazil, the framework, deals with the interaction between urban expansion and water quality degradation in the periurban context of São Paulo Metropolitan Region. It combines (1) a representation of spatial dynamics, evolution of land uses, population densities and infrastructures, which combines various spatial management unit of hydrological (e.g. catchment area) or social interest (e.g. legal zoning).(2) a typology of actors, based on land ownership and residence place, and differentiating actors direct action on land and water (by direct intake in the resources, effluents production, investments in infrastructure s and their management, or land use changes) and other groups of interests with indirect actions (4) A hydrological representation allowing to articulating spatial processes, water allocation and simplified quality processes in potable reservoirs.
The frameworks provide a generic interpretation frame that can be discussed and modified if necessary, and a support to develop discussions tools. Various tools are currently being developed: a multi-agent simulation model representing water allocation and spatial dynamics at catchment scale (name SpatMas model), a kit called Ter’Aguas combining various tools (a catchment maquete, rich pictures drawing and a role-playing) to discuss spatial dynamics at local scale an its impact of superficial water resources, a role playing for training purposes in negotiation processes and catchment committee functionning (JogoMan), and two tools for the Bolivian local discussions. Plan for next year include their finalization, test and assessement as a discussion and
INCO-DEV : International Cooperation with Developing Countries (1998-2002)
Contract number : ICA4-CT-2002-10061
2. ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT
2004
Covering period from 01/01/04 to 31/12/04
Project NEGOWAT
Facilitating Negotiations Over Land And Water Conflicts
In Latin American Peri-urban Upstream Catchment :
Combining Agent-Based Modelling With Role Playing
2 SCIENTIFIC ANNUAL REPORT
2.1 Introduction
In developing countries, cities development puts an increasing pressure on water resources in their peri-urban areas. While peri-urban catchments often offer important services to their related city, their functioning are durably affected by urbanisation. In this interface, domestic water uses compete with various other water needs such as irrigation, recreational uses, flood control, etc. It results in increased competitions over water availability and quality degradation. These competitions are all the more exacerbated, that it is often combined with a competition for access to land as cities fringe supports the urban expansion processes and presents very diversified modes of land occupation. In South America, these tensions are accentuated by the expulsion to the periphery of economically, politically or sociologically marginalized communities. In a context of implementation of new institutional arrangements for more participative and integrated land and water management, can we contribute to improve the negotiation processes in the periurban interface?
The specific objectives of the Negowat research project are to : (1) Design and test a methodology to facilitate negotiation and the avoidance of conflicts by using tools permitting to integrate various types of knowledge and explore the functioning of periurban catchment through scenarios simulation; (2) To increase the capacity of Latin American partners to undertake participatory and multidisciplinary research; and (3) To increase the negotiation capacity and participation of marginalized communities, positioned at the periphery of the discussion processes.
In Brazil, the work is being developed in two sub catchment of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, the Guarapiranga catchment and the Cabeiceras-Tietê catchment. In Bolivia, the work is developed in the valley area of the municipality Tiquipaya, in the metropolitan region of Cochabamba
This report presents the state of advancement and first results of the project that was initiated in 2003. The objectives for this first phase were (1) to specify the specific issue to be dealt with at in each area (2) to synthesize information available and complete information on various thematic areas (hydrology, agriculture, land market, urbanization, as well as land uses maps), to build a conceptual framework of the functioning of land and water management in periurban spring catchment (3) to develop discussion tools (role playing game, multi-agent model) that will be used as mediation tools with the actors in the catchment.
The first part of the report synthesizes the state of advancement and scientific outcomes obtained during this first stage. The second part present the management report of the project. The third part gathers the individual annual report of the 9 institutions participating in the project.
The scientific report is presented by workpackage, but it should be noted that
1) As the finalization of WP1.3 in Brazil (mapping land and water issue, and related
stakeholders) was slower than expected, the outcomes were integrated in the report of
WP3.
2) As the type of tools developed in closely related to the type of negotiation processes work, the methodology for intervention is presented in WP4 and then the development of the tools will be presented (WP2)
3) As group decision-making is in the time a learning and social activity, it is in fact difficult to differenciate tools for training and tools to support the negotiation processes, especially role-playing-game. The tools developed in WP4 are also adapted for academic and professional training purposes (WP5).
2.2 Finalization of WP1 2.2.1 Objectives and method
This work package aimed to prepare the work by training modelers, providing land use maps, and identify the conflictive issues that would be dealt with in both countries.
2.2.2 State of advancement and deliverables
At the end of 2003, 2 tasks remain incomplete: task 1.3 (mapping land and water issue and
stakeholders in Brasil and Bolivia) and task 1.4 (Finalization of the land-use maps in Brazil). Both
tasks have been completed. The outcomes and results have been included in the WP3 report.
In Brasil, POLIS provided a specific report which has been posted in the website of the project. The results of this survey are presented in the POLIS partner report. These results have been used to (i) define the issue that will be dealt with in the Guarapiranga catchment (ii) initiate a participative and discussion process with local stakeholders (iii) complete the stakeholder analysis and the definition of agents in the tools.
BARBAN VILMA, COSTA DE OLIVEIRA CLARISSA, SERTÓRIO TEIXEIRA LUIZ. 2004. Atores Sociais e conflitos em torno da gestão e uso da água e do solo nas Bacias hidrográficas Guarapiranga e Tietê-Cabeceiras. POLIS - Negowat. Brasil. 96 p. http://www.negowat.org/outcomes.html
2.3 Finalization of the report gathering thematic studies outcomes (WP3 and task 1.3).
2.3.1 Objective and methodology
Work Package 3 aims to provide information to develop the discussion tools and back the negotiation processes. Work was developed in various thematic fields – hydrology, social sciences, agricultural dynamics, eco-tourism and environmental issues, land market dynamics, urbanization and urban water services.
2.3.2 State of advancement and deliverables
At this stage, 4 contributions are missing to complete the framework: (1) Discussion on potable water and sanitation access in the peri-urban settlements and health consequences. The delay is due to the late arrival of Dr Gunther in the Negowat team (2) Discussion on the quality aspects, functioning and modeling of the Spat1 system (IIE) (3) Representations on agriculture within the catchment committee of Cabeiceras-Tietê (Procam). The delay is due to the late beginning of this study, which is actually part of the monitoring processes (WP4) (4) assessment and comparison of technical and economical consequences of farming practices at plot level in various crop systems (Flower crop systems, Eucaliptus plantation, fruit crop systems, organic horticulture, precarious agriculture), and their impact on water pollution (Apta). The work carried out until now focused on conventional horticultural crops systems.
A report (the WP3 report) gathering the various thematic contributions is currently being finalized (edition stage). It will be available by the 31st January 2005.
2.3.3 Results and outcomes
The WP3 report corresponds to the deliverables R9, R10, R11, R12, and R13. It will gather 27 contributions from the different partners (Box 1). It is divided in two parts: a Brazilian part with 17 contributions and a Bolivian part with 10 contributions. In each country, a first contribution describes the institutional and geographical context of the catchment studied. The conceptual
framework elaborated for each country is also included as well as the synthesis of the stakeholders mapping and analysis (corresponding to deliverables R2). The last contribution provides a first a conclusion and comparison the framework developed and their use (deliverable R7)
In Brasil, a first restitution of the results of field thematic research to the actors has been implemented. The partial restitutions were developed for the following thematic areas: agricultural dynamics (APTA-IEA), stakeholder analysis (POLIS), water quality (APTA-IP). The discussion held during these restitutions underlined that (i) it was the first time that local stakeholders of the Paralheilos area were associated to a discussion and restitution of research results (ii) some scientists pointed out a renewed interest and communication modes between committee representatives and researchers that they attributed to the project.
2.3.4 Difficulties and problems
Most of the thematic field studies were research driven and time consuming, not well linked to tools development and the intervention processes, as it was intended to do. Three reasons explain this failure: (1) Difficulty to identify prior to any investigation the intervention processes to be dealt
with. In Brazil, it was due to the delay in providing the results of stakeholder’s consultation (12
months were necessary) and difficulties to build a consensus within the team as some researchers pressionated to focus the interventions processes on their specific scientific interests. In Bolivia, the issue that was first selected (a researcher-initiated multi-stakeholder platform to discuss agriculture and water allocation in Tiquipaya) proved to be impossible to implement as key group of stakeholders were not ready to participate. The work had to be reoriented which was done with the reorganization of team initiated in the beginning of 2004. (2) Difficulties of the team to provide
prior to the field study a state of the art of information available in their areas. The scientists
focused at this stage on theoretical aspects or methodological aspects of literature review but there were little indepth and proper analysis of secondaries datas. (3) Difficulty to identify prior to the
study the interface between disciplines and thematics areas. This proved very difficult to develop
at the beginning of the project because of the insufficient kwnoledge of the area studied and insufficient articulation with stakeholders.
But it must be pointed out that the development of these studies, however time consuming and research driven was necessary for many scientists to have a better knowledge of the areas studied, to build a working relation with the actors that few had, and to legitimise the team work (intervention in discussion processes) with actors. As a research-action project, the legitimity of intervention is complex to build: it includes peer legitimity, political legitimy (by the administrative and/or institutional authority driving the water management processes) and local legitimity with actors (either local communities and or institution with a strong technical background). Thus, building this different level of legitimity necessitates various level of work: scientific/technical work, on-site work with local actors, and articulation with “political” level. Field studies were part of the building of the scientific/technical legitimity and the building / mobilization of a multidisciplinary team. But the other levels of intervention had not been well identified at the beginning of the project, insufficient time were devoted to the coordination of the team to build the other level of legitimity during this first two years, especially in Brazil.
2.3.5 Plan for next year
Box 1 : Contribution in the WP3 Negowat report BRASIL
1. R. Ducrot: Land and water management at the urban edge : an introduction. (Cirad)
2. R Ducrot and al : “Management of periurban catchment of the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo : context and situation”(Procam)
3. Pedro Jacobi – Fernando Monteiro. Análise dos atores e redes sociais nos SCBH Cotia-Guarapiranga e SCBH Tietê-Cabeceiras (Procam-USP)
4. Vilma Barban, Luiz Sertório Teixeira e Clarissa Costa de Oliveir: Atores Sociais e conflitos em torno da gestão e uso da água e do solo nas Bacias Hidrográficas Guarapiranga e Tietê-Cabeceiras (Instituto POLIS)
5. Ana Karina S. Bueno; Dr. Bastiaan P. Reydon, O mercado de terras informal nas áreas de mananciais. (Unicamp)
6. Juliano Costa Gonçalves e Bastiaan Reydon, Mercado de Terras Dinâmica da Expansão Urbana, Mercado de Terras e Regularização Fundiária (Unicamp)
7. Jener Fernando Leite de Moraes, João Paulo de Carvalho. Caracterização e Evolução do Uso das Terras na Sub-bacia Tietê Cabeceiras – (Apta-IAC)
8. Maria Carlota Meloni Vicente Jorge Tadeu Ragueb Kulaif Vera Lúcia Ferraz dos Santos Francisco. Uso Do Solo Rural E Indicadores Sócio-EconôMICOS nas sub-bacias de Tietê-Cabeceiras e Guarapiranga. (Apta-IEA)
9. Yara M. Chagas de Carvalho A preservação dos mananciais da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo e a multifuncionalidade (Apta-IEA)
10. Yara M Chagas de Carvalho : Perspectivas para a agricultura na Bacia do Alto Tiete (Apta-IEA) 11. Ana Amaral and L Antonniazzi. Agricultura: Cenário Econômico, Relação de Troca e consumo de
água (Apta-IEA).
12. Terezinha Franca: Turismo e lazer em áreas periurbanas de proteção de mananciais: território, paisagem e multifuncionalidade (Apta-IEA).
13. Paula Maria Gênova de Castro, Lídia Sumile Maruyama, Cacilda Thaís J. Mercante, Luciana C. B.
Menezes. Diagnóstico da atividade pesqueira no alto tietê: contribuição à gestão de usos múltiplos
da água (Apta-IP).
14. Suzana Sendacz,Adalberto J. Monteiro Junior, Cacilda Thais J. Mercante, Luciana C.B. Menezes. Cargas de nutrientes (nitrogênio e fósforo) na bacia do alto tietê (cabeceiras e guarapiranga) (APTA-IP)
15. J.G.Tundisi; T. Matsumura-Tundisi; J.E. M.Tundisi; D.S. Abe;D. Vannucci; R. Ducrot. Reservoirs: Functioning, Multiple Use and Management. (IIE)
16. J.G.Tundisi; T. Matsumura-Tundisi; J.E. M.Tundisi; D.S. Abe; Assessment of nitrogen removal potential in the wetlands of r. Parelheiros (IIE)
17. D. Vannucci, J.G.Tundisi, D.S.Abe, E. Tundisi, et al. Estudos hidrológicos para relacionar precipitação e vazão na região de Cabeceiras do Tietê (IIE).
18. R. Ducrot : Water and land management in the periurban catchment of São Paulo: a first conceptual framework (Cirad)
BOLIVIA
1. Paz B,. Faysse N., The periurban cities of Tiquipaya and Colcapirhua in the Metropolitan Area of Cochabamba (Umss)
2. Saenz Marco : Estudios hidrológicos en la cordillera de Tiquipaya (Umss Centro-Agua)
3. Cuba Pablo and al: Análisis de actores clave en relación al proyecto mancomunado de agua potable y alcantarillado tiquipaya colcapirhua (Ceres)
4. Bustamente R., Butterworth J. : Is there a future for locally-managed domestic water supply system in peri-urban Cochabamba, Bolivia? Analysis of performance and some possible scenarios. (Umss
5. Ledo C.: Tiquipaya: Urbanización e infraestructura urbana (Umss)Duran A. and al : Dinámica de los usos y la gestión del agua en Tiquipaya y Colcapirhua (Umss Centro-Agua)
6. Raul Ampuero and Daan Rooijen: Riego con aguas residuales en la zona peri-urbana de Tiquipaya, Cochabamba, Bolivia (Umss Centro-Agua)
7. Lizarraga and Paz : El mercado de tierras en Tiquipaya (Umss Centro-Agua)
8. Paz B. Marco conceptual de investigación del equipo boliviano de NEGOWAT (Umss Centro-Agua)
2.4 Development of conceptual framework for land and water management in periurban catchment (WP2 task 2.1)
2.4.1 Objectives and methodology
The objective of this task is i) to build a conceptual framework integrating the knowledge and expertise of thematic specialists on land and water management in peri urban upstream catchments (ii) to elaborate and structure the core model that will be used as a framework for each peri-urban model.
Actually, the Bolivian and Brazilial team adopted two different approaches to develop this conceptual framework:
• In Brazil, it was decided not to disconnect the development of the framework from the development of the tools themselves. Its development was too late to help and define the main research question of field studies except for the study on urban water services that started later. Some information gathered in the field studies are however being used to dedvelop the framework (to quantify some processes, to qualify some articulation and relationships, to propose evolution paths of some processes)
• In Bolivia, the development of the framewok has been viewed a tool to organize a posteriori the various field studies developed. As Thus, the provided model allows to explaining and articulating the thematic field studies. It was completed by an indepth stakeholder analysis. Its development has been disconnected from the WP4 and the development of the tools. The provided model proposed aimed to give a global representation of the stakeholders in the Tiquipaya area, with a particular interest on farming and agriculture dynamics (as the team initially had decided to work on competition between agriculture and other land and water users).
Both frameworks are presented in Unified Modelling language, but the methodology chosen to develop them was different:
• In Brasil, the framework has been developed during a sequence of workshops gathering various scientists: a group more specifically discussed the hydrologic and water processes (including its relations with land uses). The other group discussed land uses evolution, land uses and occupation management, and urban services development. Both modelling work advanced jointly. Integration between the work developed by the two groups remains to be finalized.
• In Bolivia: A first framework was elaborated by the modeller. It was discussed in small groups (the modeler with two scientists or with visiting expert) in ordered to be adapted and validated.
2.4.2 State of advancement
• In Brasil: Two area remains to be modeled: population dynamics and water quality processes within reservoirs. The hydrology processes have to be integrated with the land use and land occupation dynamics.
• In Bolivia: The provided stakeholder framework is completed. However, the development of specific negotiation tools for evolution potable water organization and local impact of urbanization will necessitate the development of indepth conceptual models of the situation studied.
2.4.3 Results and outcomes a - In Brasil
The common representation of the interaction between urban expansion and water quality degradation in the periurban context of São Paulo Metropolitan combines (1) a representation of spatial dynamics, land uses and their evolution. It is based on a basic spatial unit of one ha, that allows to composing various spatial management unit of hydrological (e.g. catchment area) or social interest (e.g. legal zoning). The plot is also viewed as the support for a unique land cover, land occupation (e.g. population density) and urban infrastructure, including water and sanitation ones (2) a typology of actors, based on land ownership and residence place. This classification differenciates actor with direct actions on land and water (either by direct intake in the water resources, effluents production, infrastructure development and management, or land use changes) and other groups of interests which include most of the stakeholders groups represented in the catchment committee. (4) An hydrological representation allowing to articulating spatial processes, water allocation and simplified quality processes in potable reservoir.
It permitted to propose a generic framework to account for catchment management for water availability and quality preservation in the context of the periurban area of a mega-city. The model, result from a compromise between the complexity of reality and a necessity to simplify and organize the information for action. It also provides a generic interpretation frame that can be discussed and modified if necessary. This generic interpretation is focused on the situation of periurban catchment of the RMSP: it deals with the specific issue of the impact of urbanization on potable water quality, in a very specific contex (centralized organization of urban water services, little organized local civil society, and land use changes related to the development of popular settlements directly by dwellers). It is inadequate to deal with other issue (for example drainage and flooding, waste water reuse, conjonctive use of groundwater) in the RMSP or for other context. At this stage of development, this model provide only for a static representation of the periurban situation. Representation and discussion of possible evolution supposes to be able to build scenarios, accounting for evolution of strategy of land uses changes, infrastructure development and /or relationship between actors. We propose to use the framework to develop different tools that could support discussion processes. The tools are viewed as a way to materialize this representation, and discuss it and explore scenarios by simulation. Work with actors is necessary to adapt the framework to the specific situation studied. As thus, it is can be used guidelines to support the development of specific simulation tools.
b - In Bolivia
The Bolivian proposed framework is structured by actor representation, either local actors (stated as inhabitants) or institutional actors (such as government). A specific attention is given to two types of actors: farmers and inhabitant organizations. Both have an important role in local water management. Farmers and their irrigation associations control the management of most of the superficial water resources by the mean of management of the traditional water rights. Thus drinking water has to rely on a different water resource, mostly underground water. Another type of local organization controls the management of wells for drinking water. The framework specifies some links between actors, water (view as a stock) and the plots. The framework is viewed as a way to structure and organize a general description of the situation
c - Comparison
The Bolivian framework focused on the stakeholders and their interaction with land and water, while the Brazilian framework is more complete and details actors, hydrological processes and land uses/land management.
In Brasil, a specific attention has been given to the representation of spatial processes and land uses changes, and its articulation both with the hydrological processes and the social processes (through land use changes). Thus, some 20 types of land use have been identified, including various settlements types while in Bolivia, there is no explicit representation of land use except for the crop type.
One of the most important differences lies in the representation of “actors” (agent with direct actions on land and water). In Bolivia, these actors are defined by their main activities (“Farmer”; “Industry”, “land Brohker” or “urban inhabitants”) all of them being “inhabitants” except industry. In Brazil, what differenciates the actors are their residence place (on the plot or not) and the type of contract they links them to land or housing (ownership or tenure contract). This choice relies on the Negowat team assumption that local dwellers are embedded in a network of social relationship that affects their strategies related to land use changes and management.
Organizations are represented as such in the Bolivian context, and different types of organization are acknowledged (Water committee, territorial association, irrigation association). In Brazil, the representatives of district associations are being represented. Local environmental NGO are also mentioned in the framework but they do not have a direct action on the resources as their role is simplified capacity building and articulation of stakeholders.
The representation developed in the case of Sao Paulo refers to a very specific situation: the head periurban catchment of a mega-city with a very centralized water service organization, little variability of water uses at household level, and weak organization of periurban civil society. It could be interesting to use the same core basis to develop a more specific model for the Bolivian issues (water scarcity, decentralized water services either potable water or irrigation – multiple uses of water at households level).
d - Methodological outcomes
Choosing the adequate space scale proves difficult in the rural/urban interface. Various space scales are relevant in this peri-urban area, from household level for water for domestic needs (some 100 m²), to rural production system (1-10 ha for small farming system), micro catchment (some 10 km²) or municipality (some 100 ha). The choice depends of the issue to be dealt with. Focusing on household water and sanitation acess or urbanization at municipal level orients the choice of the spatial scale. It thus depends on the way the research question is formulated and compromise has to be made.
The framework proved to be very difficult to be developed while the thematic scientists did not have sufficient field knowledge; its development may be also time consuming when scientists are not used to formalize and model their representation, or more familiar with analytical representation rather than synthetic one. It is probably easier in this case to have the group discuss an existing model. The Bolivian modeler stated a difficulty to have the thematic scientists structuring and selecting the most important elements of their studies, as each scientist was looking for a very complete representation in his area. Experience in Brazil indicates that this difficulty could have been overcome by common working session gathering all scientists instead of individual sessions between one or two scientists and the modeler. Collective modeling session helps to focus on the articulation between thematic objects rather than thematic issues, and the discussions with other scientist helps to discard superficial information and select the important state and processes to be taken into account. It it is an interesting tool to point out lacks of information and research interfaces.
This experience helps to develop some recommendations to develop integrated multidisciplinary framework in such an heterogeneous scientific and disciplinary context. Supposing that the issues to be dealt with has been collectively (scientists and stakeholders) agreed on, it is recommended to have the modeler develop rapidly a first simple model by a rapid literature review and interviews with experts/stakeholders and scientists. The model must not be very detailed. The model is then presented during a workshop gathering a selected number of “experts” (less than 10). Role playing game is a way to present the model. This framework is collectively destroyed and rebuilt during collective working sessions. Information gaps can be identified during the processes. Experts must be people with a good knowledge either of the scientific/thematic fields either of the local situations, and should have comparable educational basis. Involving local stakeholders in the processes require the use of specific communication processes or discussion interface (rich pictures development, role playing game session). Role playing games necessitate require the development of a previous model developed while rich picture can be use as a starting point to develop this framework. If modeling experts have a comparable educational basis, it is possible to build the framework during a workshops session of 2 to 3 days.
2.4.4 Links with other tasks and plan for next year In Brazil, the framework is being used to develop the tools.
In Bolivia, specific framework will be developed to deal with water committee and impact of urbanization.
2.5 Strategy of implementation of WP4
2.5.1 Reorganization of the work and elaboration of a global strategy for intervention with the stakeholders
The development of the work of the project was initially organized into five main work packages. (1) The first one aimed to identify the tensions and problems as stated by the main actors, and choose the intervention processes in which elaborate and test the tools and methodology. (2) The second one aimed to elaborate a framework that account for the relationship between actors and resources, related to the issues chosen, and to elaborate models and discussion tools (3) the third one was to develop complementary field studies in order to provide complementary to back intervention and develop the discussion tools (4) the fourth one was the development of the intervention processes themselves (5) to assess the replicability of the methodology proposed and propose scaling up options.
Difficulty to organize the team at the beginning of the project and delays in the participative identification of the issues to be dealt with necessitated to make changes in the the work structure and organization of the work in both countries.
a - Identification of the issues to be dealt with
• In Brasil: WP3 and WP1 (task 1.3 identifying tensions to be dealt with) were initiated jointly and were integrated. This studies have permitted to underlines the following points (1) The implementation of the water policy based on integrated water management at catchment level (promoted in 1995 in the São Paulo state), the revision of the spring catchment legislation (Lei de
Mananciais) and the implementation of the policy of “City Statute” have permitted to
institutionalize catchment and sub-catchment committee as a permanent multi-stakeholders platform for catchment planning and management. Prevention of conflicts and negotiation over land and water issues is part of the mandate of this permanent multi-stakeholder platform for water management. But the functioning of the discussion bodies is weakened by a very limited representation of local communities, high social inequalities and asymmetry of information and
• In Bolivia
The discussion with stakeholders and the development of the political situation in Tiquipaya at the end of 2003 beginning of 2004 underlined that (i) it was not possible to implement a discussion process related to agriculture evolution as initially previsted by the team, as this should deal with water rights and the irrigators federation did not want a global discussion on this issue to be developped. (ii) the implementation of a new water service was very conflictive and there was a demand of the government to organize a discussion on this project to dimish the tension and implement the project. But there was no institutional arrangement to support this discussion. A review of the conflictive issues of the area related to land and water elaborated during the first semester 2004.
b - Possible way to support negotiation processes.
The literature identify different type of negotiation situation: (i) negotiataion related to site specific, time specific conflict which can be related either to substantive issue (related to new project development and its consequences on the existing relationships (and rights), Multiple uses of resources and areas, Regulation policies and legislation, esources ownership and jurisdiction) or procedural aspects (how to deal with this issue). (ii) Negotiations related to strategic planning and management of water resource in the context of development of permanent discussion bodies. Both negotiation relies on the development of participative and integrated multi-stakeholder platform for land and/or water management relies on four main assumptions: (1) the stakeholders are willing to discuss and find common solutions to the issues at stake; (2) a common definition of the problem at stake and its boundaries is possible; (3) It is possible to get stakeholders understand the variability of point of views (including variability of interests, values and risks sensibility) on the present situation and its possible evolution; and (4) negotiated solutions resulting from this processes can be fair, equitable and possible to implement. Our hypothesis is that the use of the proposed modelling tools might contribute in point (2) and (3).
Improving these negotiations processes may be achieved through various directions: - creating or strengthening a multi-stakeholder platform - improving negotiation procedures within the platform - enhancing the negotiating capacity of the stakeholders and developing their negotiating skills - providing facilitation or mediation support – building capacity in mediation skills.
c - Intervention strategies selected
• In Brasil: The first results of thematic studies were presented to the catchment committee and local communities. These discussions, the analysis of the functioning of catchment committee and direct discussions with committee representatives permitted to select two main issues to be tackled within the Negowat project :
(1) capacity building of local stakeholders and small scale land and water users to facilitate and strengthen their participation in the discussion bodies, as well as to discussion the appropriation mode of the specific law to be elaborated and implemented in each sub catchment (partner involved Cirad, Polis, Procam, Procam).
(2) Discussion of the place and role of agriculture in the urbanizing catchment of São Paulo (partner involved Cirad, Apta, Polis, Procam) coupled eventually with capacity building of farmers. A global intervention strategy, part of WP4 has been elaborated. The specific intervention strategies for each intervention processes have still to be elaborated with the catchment sub-committee and with the actors.
• In Bolivia : a review of the conflictive issue and the local situation permitted to select 3 interventions:
(2) Development and implementation of methodology to tackle issue / time specific conflict, with test in the case of the Macoti project;
(3) Organization of collective discussions of the place and role of potable water committees in the context of implementation of the Macoti project and urbanization of the areas in order to deepen the negotiations of the future of water supply.
(4) Local negotiation of how to manage locally land and water to minimize the impact of urbanization, especially regarding farming activities;
Thus the methodology proposed in being tested in very diversified situation!
• to facilitate discussion and negotiation between an institutionalized multi-stakeholder platform and an atomized local actors:
• to facilitate discussion and negotiation on strategic planning within an existing stakeholder platform:
• to facilitate negotiations to settle an issue/time specific conflict with an adhoc platform • To organize long term discussion and negotiation for strategic planning of organizations as a part of resolution of conflict processes:
• To facilitate local negotiation between different types of stakeholders 2.5.2 State of advancement of workpackage 4.
a - Brazil: Capacity building of local stakeholders on negotiation and specific law of Guarapiranga
The Institute Polis has organized a group of local stakeholders that will help the Negowat team to elaborate and test the tools. The process of intervention has been globally defined: It is a group process (named Ter’Aguas) composed of various steps: (i) a “rich picture” workshop to help the stakeholders to express the problem of pollution at district and household level (ii) a work session on a maquette to discuss water pollution processes in a periurban catchment and make the link with more complex tools (iii) a computorized role playing game to discuss possible solutions at municipality level and discuss the appropriation of the specific law of Guarapiranga. These different tools remain to be developed.
b - Brazil- Discussion to the place and role of agriculture in the urbanizing catchment of São Paulo
For the moment being, the team focused on the development of the simulation model that will support the discussion. The intervention strategies with the actors have to be more precisely defined.
c - Bolivia- Facilitation of a conflict specific multi stakeholder platform: case of the conflictive development of a water suppy services
A generic methodoly to facilitate multistakeholder platform for specific conflict resolution have elaborated, implemented, and discussed. The process had been monitored and an evaluation methodology proposed. The evaluation is currently under progress.
d - Bolivia- Facilitation of discussion on the place and future of the potable water association in an urbanizaing context
e - Bolivia - Facilitation of local negotiation between farmers and local inhabitants, to mitigate the negative impacts of urbanization
The methodology and tools of intervention are being elaborated. 2.5.3 Results and Outcomes
A first generic, only a generic methodology for time and site specific intervention has been elaborated and is being discussed within the Negowat Team.
2.5.4 Difficulty and problems
It has been difficult to reganize and develop a joint (between Bolivian and Brazilian team) discussion for the elaboration of a methodology to monitore and evaluate the intervention processes. Each team are helding their own discussion on this issue with little exchanges between them.
In Brazil, because of lack of human resources, it was also difficult to carry out in the same time the development of the tools and to organize the methodology of intervention with the stakeholders.
2.5.5 Plan for next year
a - Brazi l- Capacity building of local stakeholders on negotiation and specific law of Guarapiranga
Finalization of tool development and organization the test session of the tools with the Paralheilos group.
Organize the methodology of monitoring and evaluation of the intervention processes and use s of the tools.
b - Brazil - Discussion to the place and role of agriculture in the urbanizing catchment of São Paulo
Finalize the tool and organize the global methodology (sequences of workshop) to implement it. c - Bolivia - facilitation of a conflict specific multi stakeholder platform: case of the
conflictive development of a water suppy services
The evaluation of the process will be finalized and a synthetis of the outocomes of the whole process provided.
d - Bolivia - facilitation of discussion on the place and future of the potable water association in an urbanizaing context
Implementation of the methodology and tools, and evaluation
e - Bolivia - facilitation of local negotiation between farmers and local inhabitants, to mitigate the negative impact of urbanization
2.6 State of advancement in the development of the tools (WP2 – Task 2.2) 2.6.1 Objectives and methodology
The workpackage aims to develop the tools (model, role playing game etc) that will be tested as a facilitation tools in the negotiation processes. The tools proposed in each intervention are the following:
a - Brazil - Capacity building of local stakeholders on negotiation and specific law of Guarapiranga
A combination of interrelated various tools. (i) a catchment maquette (ii) a computorized role playing game (TER’AGUAS).
b - Brazil - Discussion to the place and role of agriculture in the urbanizing catchment of São Paulo
A Multi agent model (SPATMAS) combined with a role playin game (AguAloca)
c - Bolivia - facilitation of discussion on the place and future of the potable water association in an urbanizaing context
Role playing games
d - Bolivia - facilitation of local negotiation between farmers and local inhabitants, to mitigate the negative impact of urbanization
Role playing games
e - JogoMan, a simulation game for training purpose
In Brazil, the team also developed a simulation game for training on the aspects of catchment management. The game is named JogoMan. The development of this prototype aimed to assess the potentiality and drawbacks of this type of tools, as well to train the modelling scientists in the development of this kind of games.
2.6.2 State of advancement
a - Brazil: Capacity building of local stakeholders on negotiation and specific law of Guarapiranga
A first prototype of the maquette has been elaborated but it needs to be ameliorated.
A first conceptualization of the role playing game has been done. Its computational development yet has to be done.
b - Brazil - Discussion to the place and role of agriculture in the urbanizing catchment of São Paulo
The spatial and hydrological basis of the MAS model is currently being developed. Remain to be implemented the water quality processes, populational and actors dynamics.
c - Bolivia-: facilitation of discussion on the place and future of the potable water association in an urbanizaing context
The role playing games are being prepared
d - Bolivia - facilitation of local negotiation between farmers and local inhabitants, to mitigate the negative impact of urbanization
e - JogoMan
The ultimate adaptation and correction of the computer basis of the game are being made to allow its adaptation to different public size. The game has been tested 3 times with academic public. 2.6.3 Difficulty and problems
Involving the different partners in the development of the tools, which is necessary to have a good representation of the situation is difficult in such a heteregenous team. The problem of human resources in computing development in the Brazilian team also resulted in a very slow development of the tools.
2.6.4 Plan for next year a - In Brazil
The SpatMas model and Ter’Aguas role playing games will be finalized and tested. A role playing game articulated with the SpatMas model will be developed.
The JogoMan game will be finalized to be diffused. b - In Bolivia
Role playing games developed, test and use for the different processes.
2.7 WorkPackage 5: uspcaling and training material 2.7.1 Objectives and methodology
This workpackage aims to (i) validate the methodology by discussing replication and if possible test possible replication (ii) and the development of training material (task coordinated by NRI) 2.7.2 State of advancement
At the stage, preliminary discussions with all partners have been held on the design of training materials based on the Negowat methodologies and findings at the August 2004 progress meeting in Brasil and Cochabamba in December 2004.
The Brazilian team is also currently finalizing and testing a role playing game for academic training purpose named JogoMan.
2.7.3 Results and outocomes
a - Development of common Negowat training material
A preliminary plan was developed for a CD-Based Guide to negotiating peri-urban land and water onflicts
b - Use of JogoMan as an academic and professional training tools
JogoMan has proved an interesting and mobilizing game to discuss the functioning difficulties of a multiskaholder platform for strategic planning. The final use guidelines are currently being finalized. The tests have permitted to propose a sequence of activities to valorise this training tool in two types of training context. Thus the game may be use as:
(1) a training tool on the Brazilian water legislation and the implementation of a catchment committee in a periurban area. The guidelines will include a synthesis of the legislation and its implication for water management in periurban areas, as well as a guidelines for the debriefing session to contribute to the discussion
(2) a training tool to discuss the development of multistakeholder platform for strategic planning. The guidelines will includes a sequence of questions to be carried out during the game (questions related to the organisation of representation of players in a simulated catchment committee, to the definition a meeting agenda, to the organization of agreements, to the monitoring of agreement, to the relationship between representatives and theirsocial basis etc). It will be completed by specific guidelines for the debriefing session. Two more test sessions are being planned to fine tune this specific aspects.
2.7.4 Plan for 2005
The exact form of training materials will be further discussed with partners and potential users. Initial training modules will be tested as part of the LA-WETNET (the Latin-American partner f the CAP-NET network for capacity building in integrated water resources management) training course workshop in conflict resolution to be held in Cochabamba in April 2005. Training modules will also be further tests and developped in collaboration with the new E.C funded ALFA project GovAgua.
The JogoMan presentation (guidelines, tool kit) will be finalized to be ready for diffusion at larger scale, after a couple of supplementary tests session.
2.8 Publications of the team
The publications in the WP3 report are not mentioned here. 2.8.1 Publication in Refeered journal 2004
JACOBI P. 2004. The challenges of multi-stakeholder management in the watersheds of São Paulo published.Environment and Urbanization vol.16 n. 2 October 2004 199-212 IIED London
TUNDISI, J.G.; MATSUMURA-TUNDISI, T.; ARANTES-JUNIOR, J.D.; TUNDISI, J.E.M.; MANZINI, N.F; AND DUCROT, R. 2004. The response of Carlos Botelho (Lobo, Broa) reservoir to the passage of cold fronts as reflected by physical, chemical and biological variables. Brazilian Journal of Biology. Vol. 64(1). 177-186
2.8.2 Communication and conferences 2004 a - With proceedings available
ADAMATTI D F, SICHMAN J S, and DUCROT R, 2004. Using multi-agent systems and role-playing games to simulate water management in peri-urban catchments. In: “Sixth International Conference on Social Science Methodology”, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
CAMARGO M.E., DUCROT R., JACOBI P. 2004 - O uso de jogos de papéis, como ferramenta de Educação ambiental, facilitando a negociação na gestão dos recursos hídricos In: II WEEC- World Environmental Education Congress, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 15 – 17 of September, 2004, 15 pages
CASTELLANO M., ROMAGNOLI R. 2004 – Capital social e organismos gestores de recursos hídricos: o caso do Subcomitê Alto tietê Cabeceiras In: ANPPAS III Encontro da Associação Nacional de Pós Graduação e Pesquisa em Ambiente e Sociedade, Indaiatuba, SP, 26 – 29 of May 2004, www.anppas.org.br/encontro/segundo/Papers/GT/GT03/reynaldo_romagnoli.pdf
Nacional de Pós Graduação e Pesquisa em Ambiente e Sociedade, Indaiatuba, SP, 26 – 29 of May 2004, www.anppas.org.br/encontro/segundo/Papers/GT/GT03/pedro_jacobi.pdf
MONTEIRO F., JACOBI P. 2004 - Determinantes do desempenho institucional em comitês de bacia hidrográfica In: ANPPAS III Encontro da Associação Nacional de Pós Graduação e Pesquisa em Ambiente e Sociedade, Indaiatuba, SP, 26 – 29 of May 2004
DUCROT R., JACOBI J., BOUZID M., CARVALHO Y., AMARAL A. 2004. Facilitating concertation in a Brazilian periurban catchment: to what extend does irrigation compete with potable water supply? Communication in the workshop « water resources management for local development: Government, institutions and policies, November 8-11 2004, Loksop Dam South Africa. 21 p.
The Response of Reservoirs of Southeastern Brazil to the Passage of Cold Fronts as Reflected by Physical, Chemical, and Biological Variables (Tundisi, J.G., Sebastien, N.Y., Matsumura-Tundisi, T., Tundisi, J.E.M. & Manzini, N.F SIL XXIX International Congress of Limnology, in August, 2004, in Lahti, Finland,
b - Without proceedings
ADAMATTI D F, SICHMAN J S, 2004. Inserção de Jogadores Virtuais em Jogo de Papéis no Contexto de Gestão de Recursos Naturais. In: “Workshop de Teses e Dissertações em Inteligência Artificial WTDIA”, São Luis, Maranhão, Brasil.
ANTONIAZZI, Laura B; AMARAL, Ana M.P., 2004. Custos de produção de Alface na Sub-bacia Cabeceiras Tietê: o papel da água. SIICUSP ,Piracicaba, São Paulo, 24 /11/2004. (painel)
CARVALHO, Yara M.C.; FRANCA, Terezinha J. F.; BARBAN, Vilma; VICENTI, M. Carlota; FRANCISCO, Vera Lucia F.S. 2004). The São Paulo´s Metropolitan area: environmental protection and poverty alleviation. XI World congress of Rural Sociology. Trondheim, Norway. July, 25-30, 2004. (available www. irsa-world.org)
MONTEIRO F, JACOBI P. 2004 – Impactos do capital social sobre o desempenho institucional de comitês de bacia hidrográfica In: Seminário Latino Americano sobre Políticas Públicas e recursos hídricos, Brasília, DF, 21 – 24 of September 2004
MONTEIRO F. 2004 – Does social capital improve watershed environmental governance ? In: Coordinations hydrauliques et justices socials. Actes du séminaire, France, Montpellier, Cirad, Colloques, November 2004.
PAZ B., 2004. An Experience of Modelling and Role Playing Game in Urbanization process in Tiquipaya Bolivia. In: “2rd Amazonique Journeys, Marajo, Brazil, 14th-19th of Jun 2004, presentation.
2.8.3 Books and books contribution 2004
BARBAN, V. 2004. La extrema pobreza … ¿cómo enfrentarla? In La Era Urbana., Barrera A. G.(ed) Programa de Gestión Urbana - Coordinación Regional para América Latina y El Caribe- PGU-ALC, p.19. (Edición Especial: Pobreza y Exclusión en las ciudades., Marzo 2004).
2.8.4 Students tesis 2004
MONTEIRO F., 2004. Desempenho institucional na gestão de recursos hidricos : o caso dos subcomitês de bacia hidrográfica Cotia- Guarapiranga e Billings- Tamanduatei na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Tese de mestrado. PROCAM – USP.
BUENO, A.K.S.2004. A Lei de Mananciais e mercado de terras; um estudo sobre os loteamentos clandestinos. Master Degree in Economic Sciences, University of Campinas, Brasil, 160p.
FERREIRA, S. E.. 2004. Caracterização do Sistema Agrário da Micro-Bacia Hidrográfica do
Ribeirão Balainho, pertencente a sub-bacia hidrográfica Alto Tietê-Cabeceira, Municípios de Suzano. Negowat project, IEA, São Paulo. 100p.
ZUCHIWSCHI, E. 2004. Agricultura Periurbana nos Mananciais Urbanos da Região
Metropolitana de São Paulo - Estudo de caso no Município de Guarulhos. Negowat project, IEA,
São Paulo.
2.8.5 Other publication 2004
BUSTAMANTE, R., BUTTERWORTH, J., DEL CALLEJO, I., DURAN, A., HERBAS, D., HILLION, B., REYNAGA, M. AND ZURITA, G. 2004. Multiple sources for multiple uses:
Household case studies of water use around Cochabamba, Bolivia. [online] Available at
http://www.irc.nl/content/view/full/8031 (accessed 22 March 2004).
BUSTAMANTE, R., BUTTERWORTH, J., FLIERMAN, M., HERBAS, D., DEN HOLLANDER, M., VAN DER MEER, S., RAVENSTIJN, P., REYNAGA, M. AND ZURITA, G. 2004.
Livelihoods in conflict: disputes over water for household-level productive uses in Tarata, Bolivia.
[online] Available at http://www.irc.nl/content/view/full/8031 (accessed 22 March 2004).
NEGOWAT TEAM. 2004. Estudio de caso. Utilización de una Metodología genérica para facilitar negociaciones en el marco de una Plataforma Multi Grupos de Interés. Aplicación en el caso de un proyecto de alcantarillado y agua potable en Tiquipaya (Bolivia).
NEGOWAT TEAM. 2004. Metodología genérica para facilitar negociaciones en el marco de una Plataforma de Múltiples Grupos de Interés.
NRI, MIDS, IRC. 2004 Facilitating negotiations over water conflicts in peri-urban catchments
(Negowat). Inception report to the UK Department for International Development.
CARVALHO, Yara et al. 2004. NEGOWAT: Negociação sobre a água. In: VEIGA, A and OTANI, M. (org) Desenvolvimento Regional: um painel de contribuições de economia agrícola., São Paulo, Brazil, 28 of November 2003, Série Discussão APTA 4.p. 26-36.
2.8.6 Publication in press (2005) a - Publication in refereed journal
BOUZID M., DUCROT R., CARVALHO Y., IMBERNON R. Prise en compte des dynamiques agricoles périurbaine dans la gestion intégrée de l’eau. Cas d’un bassin versant producteur d’eau dans la région métropolitaine de São Paulo (Brésil). Accepted for publication in Cahiers
Agricultures, special edition « Brasil » march 2005.
CAMARGO M.E., DUCROT R., JACOBI P., 2004 Using role-playing game for capacity building on water and land management : comparing some Brazilian experiences. abstract submitted to Simulation and Gaming – special issue in Natural Resource Management
DUCROT R., BUENO A.K., REYDON B.P. Institutional arrangements to articulate land and water management in peri-urban catchment : example of the metropolitan region of São Paulo, brazil.
b - Seminar and conferences
CASTRO, P.M.G.; MARUYAMA, L.S.; MERCANTE, C.T.J.; MENEZES, L.C.B. Diagnostic of fishery activities at Alto Tietê: contribution for the management of the multiple uses of the water” . Accepted for presentation at XVI Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia, João Pessoa, PB, January 2005.
DUCROT R., PAZ P. , POUGET J.C & TUNDISI J.G. Le développement d’outils de simulation pour faciliter les concertations dans la gestion de bassins versants peri-urbains : exemple de São Paulo (Brésil), 14 page. Communication accepted for oral presentation in Symposium S#2 on "Sustainable Water Management Solutions for Large Cities" (VIIth IAHS Scientific Assembly), 3-9 April 2005, in Foz do Iguaçu (Brazil). 14 p.
GÜNTHER, W. M. R., ARTEIRO, M. G., FREITAS, S. M. 2005. Acesso à água e afastamento de esgotos na Sub-Bacia Tietê Cabeceiras: condições e implicações sanitárias e ambientais.
Contribution in the 23o Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Campo Grande, Brasil, 18th-23th of September 2005, 5 pages- in print.
c - Book contribution
REYDON, Bastiaan P.; BUENO, Ana Karina S. O mercado de terras nas áreas de mananciais. In: REYDON, B. & CORNÉLIO, F.M.C. Mercado de Terras no Brasil: estrutura e dinâmica, 2004. (No Prelo).
SENDACZ, S. et al. Sistemas em cascata: concentrações e cargas de nutrientes nos sistema Produtor Alto Tietê, São Paulo. In: Ecologia de reservatórios: impactos potenciais, ações de manejo e sistemas em cascata. Marcos Gomes Nogueira (ed). Botucatu, UNESP, prelo.
