• Aucun résultat trouvé

Building a Requirements Engineering Methodology for Software Product Lines

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Partager "Building a Requirements Engineering Methodology for Software Product Lines"

Copied!
10
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

%XLOGLQJD5HTXLUHPHQWV(QJLQHHULQJ0HWKRGRORJ\IRU 6RIWZDUH3URGXFW/LQHV

7RP+X\VHJRPV0RQLTXH6QRHFN*XLGR'HGHQH

)DFXOW\RI%XVLQHVVDQG(FRQRPLFV0DQDJHPHQW,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHPV*URXS.8/HXYHQ 1DDPVHVWUDDW/HXYHQ%HOJLXP

^7RP+X\VHJRPV0RQLTXH6QRHFN*XLGR'HGHQH`#HFRQNXOHXYHQEH

$EVWUDFW6RIWZDUHSURGXFW OLQHVDUHD JUHDWZD\WR DFKLHYHUHXVDELOLW\ ZKHQ WKH\ DUH FRUUHFWO\ LPSOHPHQWHG 7KHRULHVDERXW WKHSURGXFW OLQH SDUDGLJP DO UHDG\H[LVWIRUPXOWLSOHGHFDGHVEXWHPSLULFDOUHVHDUFKDQGUHSRUWVRIUHDOOLIH VXFFHVVVWRULHV DUH VWLOOVFDUFH &RPSDQLHV RIWHQ VWLOO VWUXJJOH WR LPSOHPHQW D VRIWZDUHSURGXFWOLQHEHFDXVHWKH\GRQ¶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

.H\ZRUGV9DULDELOLW\UHTXLUHPHQWVHQJLQHHULQJFDVHVWXG\UHVHDUFKKDUPR QL]DWLRQ

,QWURGXFWLRQ

7KHILQDQFLDOFULVLVKDVLQWHQVLILHGWKHVWULYHIRUFRVWUHGXFWLRQ7KHVRIWZDUHSURGXFW OLQHHQJLQHHULQJ63/(SDUDGLJPRIIHUVDPHDQVWRDFKLHYHWKLVFRVWUHGXFWLRQLQVLGH WKHGRPDLQRIVRIWZDUHHQJLQHHULQJWKURXJKWKHV\VWHPDWLFUHXVHRISURGXFWOLQHFRP SRQHQWV63/(KDVDOUHDG\EHHQVWXGLHGIRURYHUWZRGHFDGHVVRIWZDUHSURGXFWOLQHV DUHILUVWPHQWLRQHGLQE\.DQJHWDODVDSDUWRIWKHLU)2'$VSHFLILFDWLRQ>@$

JRRG GHILQLWLRQ RI WKLV VRIWZDUH SURGXFW OLQH FRQFHSW FDQ EH IRXQG LQ WKH ZRUN RI

&OHPHQWVHWDO>@³$VRIWZDUHSURGXFW OLQH LVDVHW RI VRIWZDUHLQWHQVLYH V\VWHPV VKDULQJDFRPPRQPDQDJHGVHWRIIHDWXUHVWKDWVDWLVI\WKHVSHFLILFQHHGVRIDSDUWLFX ODU PDUNHW VHJPHQW RU PLVVLRQ DQG WKDW DUH GHYHORSHG IURP D FRPPRQ VHW RI FRUH DVVHWVLQDSUHVFULEHGZD\´7KH63/(SDUDGLJPUHTXLUHVDVKLIWDZD\IURPWKLQNLQJ DERXW V\VWHP GHYHORSPHQW RQ D V\VWHP E\ V\VWHP EDVLV DV LQ WUDGLWLRQDO VRIWZDUH HQJLQHHULQJWRZDUGVWKLQNLQJLQWHUPVRIGHYHORSPHQWRISURGXFWIDPLOLHV$SURGXFW IDPLO\ LV D VRPHKRZ UHODWHG JURXS RI VRIWZDUH V\VWHPV 63/( IRFXVHV RQ WKHVH

(2)

JURXSVRIUHODWHGKLJKO\DOLNHVRIWZDUHDSSOLFDWLRQVDQGWKHFRQFHSWRIYDULDELOLW\LV XVHGWRVLWXDWHWKHGLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQWKHVHVRIWZDUHDSSOLFDWLRQV

9DULDELOLW\LVRQHRIWKHNH\FRQFHSWVLQ63/(:LWKRXWYDULDELOLW\WKH63/(SD UDGLJPZRXOGQRWEHFDSDEOHWRDFKLHYHDKLJKOHYHORIFRVWUHGXFWLRQ7KHYDULDELOLW\

LQWKHVRIWZDUHSURGXFWOLQHDOORZVWKHSURGXFWOLQHWREHUHXVHGLQVLPLODU\HWVOLJKWO\

GLIIHUHQWFRQWH[WV$OWKRXJKWKHH[DFWVDPHVRIWZDUHV\VWHPFRXOGEHXVHGLQPDQ\

GLIIHUHQWFRQWH[WVWKLVZRXOG\LHOGDVXERSWLPDOVROXWLRQ0RVWRIWKHWLPHWKHVRIW ZDUHV\VWHPZRXOG QRW ILWLWVFRQWH[W SHUIHFWO\DQGDGGLWLRQDOHIIRUWVZRXOG EHUH TXLUHGWRXVHLW,QWKLVZD\WKHFRVWEHQHILWVDFKLHYHGE\WKHUHXVHRIDVLQJOHDSSOLFD WLRQZLOOEHSDUWO\DQQLKLODWHGE\WKHVXERSWLPDOUHVXOWVRIWKHGLIIHUHQWLPSOHPHQWD WLRQVRIWKHVLQJOHV\VWHP

'HVSLWHWKHIDFWWKDWYDULDELOLW\LVRIXWPRVWLPSRUWDQFHWRWKHVXFFHVVIXOXVHRIWKH 63/(SDUDGLJPWKHDEVHQFHRIH[SOLFLWUHDVRQLQJDERXWYDULDELOLW\VHHPVWREHRQHRI WKHUHDVRQVZK\DVRIWZDUHSURGXFWOLQHSURMHFWIDLOVLQSUDFWLFH7KLVREVHUYDWLRQZDV PDGHLQWKHH[SORUDWRU\VWXG\RIVRPHSURMHFWVDWDQLQWHUQDWLRQDOEDQNDQGLQVXUDQFH FRPSDQ\ 7KH ODFN RIDFOHDU IRFXV RQ YDULDELOLW\ GXULQJ WKHHDUO\ SKDVHV RI63/(

GRRPHGWKHSURMHFWVHYHQEHIRUHWKH\ZHUHIXOO\LPSOHPHQWHG7KHUHDVRQEHKLQGWKH IDFWWKDWYDULDELOLW\LVRYHUORRNHGLQSUDFWLFHLVQRWFOHDUEXWDZDUHQHVVDERXWYDULD ELOLW\ PXVW EH FUHDWHG LQ RUGHU WR LPSURYH WKH UHVXOWV RI DQ\ IXWXUH 63/( SURMHFWV 7KLVLVZK\ZHZDQWWRGHYHORSDPHWKRGRORJ\DERXWWKHYDULDELOLW\FRQFHSWLQ63/(

VRWKDWZKHQDVRIWZDUHSURGXFWOLQHLVFUHDWHGLWZLOOKDYHDFKDQFHWRVXFFHHG 7KHSDSHUFRQVLVWVRIGLIIHUHQWSDUWV6HFWLRQGHILQHVWKHSUREOHPZHZLVKWRDG GUHVVDQGLQYHVWLJDWHVUHODWHGZRUN,QVHFWLRQZHGHILQHWKHUHVHDUFKSODQDQGWKH W\SH RI UHVHDUFK ,Q WKH VHFWLRQV WR ZH WKHQ VXEVHTXHQWO\ SUHVHQW WKH GLIIHUHQW DVSHFWVRIWKHIUDPHZRUNZHZLVKWRGHYHORSRXUPHWKRGRORJ\XSRQ6HFWLRQJLYHV DVXPPDU\DQGDFRQFOXVLRQDORQJZLWKWKHGLUHFWLRQRIWKHIXWXUHUHVHDUFK

3UREOHPVWDWHPHQWDQGUHODWHGZRUN

:KHQZHORRNDWWKHVWDWHRIWKHDUWOLWHUDWXUHRIVRIWZDUHHQJLQHHULQJLQJHQHUDODQG UHTXLUHPHQWVHQJLQHHULQJPRUHVSHFLILFDOO\ZHHVWDEOLVKWKHIDFWWKDWWKHUHLVDWHQ GHQF\WRIRFXV RQWKHPRUHWKHRUHWLFDODVSHFWVRIUHVHDUFKLQIDYRURIWKHHPSLULFDO ZRUN>@7KLVVKRUWDJHLQHPSLULFDOO\EDVHGUHVHDUFKOLNHHJ>@FDQEHRQHRIWKH UHDVRQVZK\LWLV VRGLIILFXOWIRUFRPSDQLHVWRLPSOHPHQWWKHWKHRULHVGHYHORSHG LQ VRIWZDUHHQJLQHHULQJ,WLVQRWVRWKDWUHVHDUFKUHVXOWVDUHXQDYDLODEOHRULQFRPSOHWH EXW WKH IDFW WKDW LW LV SHUFHLYHG GLIILFXOW WR XVH WKH GHYHORSHG WKHRULHV LQ SUDFWLFH OHDGVWRUHOXFWDQFHWRVWDUWXSDQ\QHZVRIWZDUHHQJLQHHULQJSURJUDPRUSURMHFWOLNH IRULQVWDQFH63/(SURMHFWV7KLVUHOXFWDQFHFDQEHVWUHQJWKHQHGE\WKHIDFWWKDWPRVW QHZVRIWZDUHHQJLQHHULQJSURMHFWVUHTXLUHDGGLWLRQDOLQYHVWPHQWIXQGVWREHJDWKHUHG ,Q WKH 63/( GRPDLQ DVVHWV QHHG WR EH GHYHORSHG DQG WKLV JHQHUDWHV H[WUD FRVWV DW VWDUWXSZKLOHEHQHILWVDUHRQO\DFKLHYHGZKHQWKHDVVHWVDUHUHXVHGPXOWLSOHWLPHVDW OHDVWPRUHWKDQRQFH7KHEHQHILWVDUHXQFHUWDLQDQGDUHORFDWHGLQWKHIXWXUHZKLOH WKHFRVWVDUHFHUWDLQDWWKHVWDUWLQJSRLQW,QFRPELQDWLRQZLWKWKHIDFWWKDWWKHGHYHO RSPHQWDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RIDVRIWZDUHSURGXFW OLQHLVSHUFHLYHGDVGLIILFXOWLP SOHPHQWLQJVXFKDOLQHLVQRWDQREYLRXVFKRLFH

(3)

2QFHWKHLQLWLDOLQYHVWPHQWGHFLVLRQLVWDNHQDQGWKHFRPSDQ\FRPPLWVLWVHOIWRWKH 63/( SDUDGLJP WKH SURGXFW OLQH LWVHOI LV FUHDWHG DQG LPSOHPHQWHG $OVR WKHQ LW LV OLNHO\WKDWSUREOHPVZLOODULVH'XHWRWKHODFNRIVXIILFLHQWHPSLULFDOJXLGHOLQHVOLNH

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

DQ\RQHOHVVWKDQDQH[SHUW

7KHJRDORIRXUUHVHDUFKLVWRSURYLGHWKHPXFKQHHGHGEULGJHEHWZHHQWKHWKHRU\

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

5HVHDUFKPHWKRGDQGSODQ

,QRUGHUWRHQVXUHWKHSUDFWLFDOLW\RIRXU9DULDELOLW\ HQDEOLQJ6RIWZDUH3URGXFWOLQH DQG 5HTXLUHPHQWV (QJLQHHULQJ 0HWKRGRORJ\ 9H635(0 ZH FUHDWH 9H635(0 EDVHGRQHPSLULFDOUHVHDUFKLQWKHIRUPRIFDVHVWXGLHV6WDUWLQJIURPDWKHRUHWLFDOO\

JURXQGHGIUDPHZRUNZKLFKSURYLGHVWKHEDVLFHOHPHQWVWKDWDUHQHFHVVDU\WRUHDVRQ DERXWYDULDELOLW\ZHILOOLQWKLVIUDPHZRUNEDVHGRQPXOWLSOHFDVHVWXGLHVFRQGXFWHG LQ WZR VRIWZDUH LQWHQVLYH PXOWLQDWLRQDOV 7KHVH PXOWLQDWLRQDOV HLWKHU GHYHORS WKHLU RZQLQIRUPDWLRQV\VWHPLQKRXVHLQWHUQDOVRIWZDUHSURYLGHUPRGHORUGHYHORSVRIW ZDUHLQ RUGHUWRVHOOLW WR RWKHU FRPSDQLHVH[WHUQDO VRIWZDUH SURYLGHU PRGHO 7KH UHVHDUFKZLOOIRFXVILUVWRQWKHLQWHUQDOVRIWZDUHSURYLGHUPRGHOEHFDXVHWKHFRQWH[W RIWKHLQWHUQDOVRIWZDUHSURYLGHUPRGHOLVOLNHO\WREHPRUHFRQWUROODEOHWKDQWKHFRQ WH[WRIWKHH[WHUQDOVRIWZDUHSURYLGHUPRGHO0RVWRIWKHWLPHWKHVWDNHKROGHUVLQDQ LQWHUQDOVRIWZDUHSURYLGHUFRQWH[WDUHZHOONQRZQZKLOHLQWKHH[WHUQDOPRGHOIXWXUH FXVWRPHUVDUHXQNQRZQDWGHVLJQWLPH7KHVL]HRIWKHFDVHVLVDOVROLNHO\WREHVPDOO HULQDQLQWHUQDOFRQWH[WEHFDXVHWKHQXPEHURISRVVLEOHFXVWRPHUVLVOLPLWHGWRWKH QXPEHURILQWHUQDOGHSDUWPHQWVZKRPD\UHTXHVWIRUVRIWZDUHV\VWHPV

(4)

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

LQWRDIXOOIOHGJHGPHWKRGRORJ\$IHHGEDFNORRSZLOOWKHQWULJJHUDUHYLVLRQRIDQ\

SUHYLRXVFDVHVDJDLQVWWKHDOWHUHGH[WHQGHGIUDPHZRUN%\IRUPLQJDIHHGEDFNORRS WKHFRQVWUXFWYDOLGLW\RIWKHUHVHDUFKZLOOEHJXDUGHG7KHQH[WIRXUVHFWLRQVUHSUHVHQW WKHSLOODUVRIWKHIUDPHZRUNWKHVWUXFWXUHRIWKH,7GHSDUWPHQWSURYLGLQJWKHSURGXFW OLQHWKHGHFLVLRQSURFHVVFRQFHUQLQJYDULDELOLW\LQUHTXLUHPHQWVWKHUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRI YDULDELOLW\ LQ JRDOV IHDWXUHV DQG DUFKLWHFWXUDO VSHFLILFDWLRQV DQG WKH HQJLQHHULQJ SURFHVVLQ63/(DVDZKROH

$QPXOWLRUJDQL]DWLRQDOFRQWH[WIRU,7

63/( FDQ EH DSSOLHG LQ PDQ\ FRQWH[WV 7KH PHWKRGRORJ\ ZH ZLOO GHYHORS DLPV DW GHYHORSLQJ PDQDJHPHQW LQIRUPDWLRQ V\VWHPV IRU VRIWZDUH LQWHQVLYH RUJDQL]DWLRQV 7KLVVHWWLQJLVYHU\GLIIHUHQWIURPDVHWWLQJRIHJGHYHORSLQJDSURGXFWOLQHIRUHP EHGGHGVRIWZDUHIRUFDUVRUFHOOSKRQHV7KHQHHGIRUYDULDELOLW\DULVHVIURPWKHPXO

(5)

WLQDWLRQDOPXOWLGLYLVLRQDORUPXOWLLQVWLWXWLRQDOSURSHUW\RIWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQDµPXO WLµRUJDQL]DWLRQRUµPXOWLµFRPSDQ\(DFKEXVLQHVVXQLWKDVYHU\VLPLODUEXWQHYHU WKHOHVVDOVRYHU\SDUWLFXODUQHHGV$VDUHVXOWRIWKLVWKH,7GHSDUWPHQWQHHGVERWK FHQWUDOL]DWLRQDQGGHFHQWUDOL]DWLRQ

&HQWUDOJXLGDQFHLVQHHGHGLQRUGHUWRREWDLQDQRYHUYLHZRIWKHWRWDO,7SRUWIROLR 7KLVRYHUYLHZLVQHHGHGLIRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUUHXVHDUHWREHVSRWWHG7KHVHRSSRUWXQL WLHV DUH PDUNHG E\ D VLJQLILFDQW RYHUODS RI IXQFWLRQDOLW\ EHWZHHQ GLIIHUHQW DSSOLFD WLRQV7KLVRYHUODSLVZKDWLVFDOOHGWKHFRPPRQDOLW\RIDSURGXFWIDPLO\

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µPXOWLµFRPSDQ\

)LJ7KHµPXOWLµFRPSDQ\,7GHSDUWPHQW

2QWKHOHIWVLGHRIWKHILJXUHZHVHHWKHVKDUHGVHUYLFHGHSDUWPHQWRUFHQWUDO,7GH SDUWPHQWZKLFKFRRUGLQDWHVWKHZKROH,7VWUXFWXUHDQGKDVDQRYHUYLHZRYHUDOOWKH ,7SURMHFWVLQWKHGLIIHUHQWORFDOVHUYLFHGHSDUWPHQWVRUORFDO,7GHSDUWPHQWV7KHVH ORFDOGHSDUWPHQWVHDFKSURYLGHVRIWZDUHIRUWKHLUVSHFLILFFXVWRPHURUJURXSRIFXV WRPHUV'HSHQGLQJRQWKHW\SHRIµPXOWLµFRPSDQ\WKHFXVWRPHUFDQEHDEXVLQHVV OLQHDEXVLQHVVXQLWDPDUNHWVHJPHQW«(DFKORFDOGHSDUWPHQWLVWKXVFRXSOHGZLWK DFXVWRPHUJURXS7KHWDVNRIWKHORFDOGHSDUWPHQWVLVWRSURYLGHFXVWRPL]HGVRIW ZDUHV\VWHPVWRWKHFXVWRPHUWKH\KDYHEHHQDVVLJQHGWR7KHGLYLVLRQEHWZHHQWKH FHQWUDODQGWKHORFDOGHSDUWPHQWVRQWKHRQHVLGHDQGWKHGLYLVLRQEHWZHHQWKHORFDO GHSDUWPHQWVRQWKHRWKHUVLGHDUHERWKQHFHVVDU\LQRUGHUWRHQVXUHWKHVFDODELOLW\RI WKHGHSDUWPHQW,IWKHGLIIHUHQWWDVNVIRUWKHGLIIHUHQWSDUWVRIWKH,7GHSDUWPHQWDUH QRWFOHDUO\GHILQHGLWZLOOEHFRPHGLIILFXOWWRLQFUHDVHWKHVL]HRIWKH,7GHSDUWPHQW

$OWKRXJK RWKHU RUJDQL]DWLRQDO EOXHSULQWV DUH GHILQLWHO\ SRVVLEOH ZH RSW IRU WKLV FRQVWUXFWEHFDXVHLWLVXVHGE\ERWKH[LVWLQJFRPSDQLHVDQGVXJJHVWHGE\FRQVXOWLQJ ILUPV7KHPRVWLPSRUWDQWDVSHFWVRIWKHEOXHSULQWDUHWKHDFWRUVDQGWKHLUUHVSRQVLELO LW\,QWKHQH[WVHFWLRQZHZLOOHODERUDWHRXUIUDPHZRUNEDVHGRQWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQDO DFWRUVSUHVHQWHGKHUH

(6)

9DULDELOLW\LQVRIWZDUHSURGXFWOLQHUHTXLUHPHQWV

7KHVHFRQGSDUW RI RXUIUDPHZRUNFRQFHUQVWKH YDULDELOLW\RIVRIWZDUHSURGXFWOLQH UHTXLUHPHQWV$VPHQWLRQHGEHIRUHYDULDELOLW\LVDFHQWUDOFRQFHSWLQ63/(DQGWKHUH IRUHFHQWUDOWRRXUVWDUWLQJIUDPHZRUN5HDVRQLQJH[SOLFLWO\DERXWYDULDELOLW\LVVRPH WKLQJWKDWUHDOO\QHHGVWREHGRQHLI\RXZDQWD63/(SURMHFWWRKDYHDQ\FKDQFHRQ VXFFHVV7KHHDUOLHULQWKHVRIWZDUHHQJLQHHULQJOLIHF\FOH GHFLVLRQVDERXWYDULDELOLW\

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

GRPDLQDVVHWVHSDUDWHO\

2XUPHWKRGRORJ\ZLOOVXSSRUWPDNLQJGHFLVLRQVDERXWYDULDELOLW\H[SOLFLWO\DQGDV HDUO\DVSRVVLEOH'XULQJWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVQHJRWLDWLRQZLWKWKHGLIIHUHQWVWDNHKROGHUV RI D SURGXFW OLQH LW LV HDV\ WR H[SOLFLWO\ LQWHUDFW DERXW YDULDELOLW\ :KHQ PXOWLSOH VWDNHKROGHUVKDYHGLIIHUHQWGHPDQGVDQGUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUWKHLQIRUPDWLRQV\VWHPVWR EHGHYHORSHGWKHVHGLIIHUHQFHVFDQEHLGHQWLILHGDQGUHDVRQHGXSRQ5HDVRQLQJDERXW YDULDELOLW\GXULQJUHTXLUHPHQWVHQJLQHHULQJLVVSOLWXSLQWRWZRSKDVHV

7KHILUVWSKDVHLVWKHSKDVHGXULQJZKLFKDOOVWDNHKROGHUVGHILQHWKHLUUHTXLUHPHQWV DQGEDVHGRQWKHVHUHTXLUHPHQWVLWLVGHFLGHGZKLFKUHTXLUHPHQWVDUHFRPPRQIRUDOO VWDNHKROGHUVWKHFRPPRQDOLW\RIWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVDQGZKLFKRQHVDUHGLIIHUHQWWKH YDULDELOLW\ RI WKH UHTXLUHPHQWV 'XULQJ WKLV GHFLVLRQ SURFHVV GLIIHUHQFHV EHWZHHQ UHTXLUHPHQWVFDQEHGLVFXVVHGLQDQDWWHPSWWRVOLJKWO\DOWHUWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVVRWKH\

ZLOOSRVVHVVPRUHFRPPRQDOLW\DQGOHVVYDULDELOLW\7KHGULYHIRUWKLVKDUPRQL]DWLRQ VWHSLVWKHIDFWWKDWWKHFRPPRQDOLW\SDUWFDQEHUHXVHGZLWKRXWPDNLQJH[WUDFRVWV

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

(7)

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

)LJ5HTXLUHPHQWVKDUPRQL]DWLRQDQGYDULDELOL]DWLRQ

9DULDELOLW\LQPRGHOVSHFLILFDWLRQV

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

3UREDEO\ WKH EHVW NQRZQ SURGXFW OLQH PRGHOOLQJ WHFKQLTXH LV WKH IHDWXUH PRGHO

>@ $ IHDWXUH PRGHO YLVXDOL]HV DOO SRVVLEOH IHDWXUH FRPELQDWLRQV IRU RQH SURGXFW OLQH$IHDWXUHLVDORJLFDOJURXSLQJRIUHTXLUHPHQWVZKLFKUHSUHVHQWDFHUWDLQDVSHFW RIDVRIWZDUHV\VWHP7KHYLVXDOL]DWLRQRIWKHIHDWXUHVLVGRQHE\DIHDWXUHGLDJUDP

>@7KLVLVDQDF\FOLFJUDSKDQGPRVWRIWKHWLPHVHYHQDKLHUDUFKLFDOWUHH)HDWXUHV FDQEHFODVVLILHGLQWRJURXSVLQGLIIHUHQWZD\V$ILUVWFODVVLILFDWLRQFDQEHGRQHEDVHG RQWKHIXQFWLRQDOLW\ZKLFKLVUHSUHVHQWHG$IHDWXUHFDQUHSUHVHQWDJURXSRIUHTXLUH PHQWVZKLFKDUHHLWKHUIXQFWLRQDORUQRQIXQFWLRQDO>@)XQFWLRQDOUHTXLUHPHQWVDQG IHDWXUHV GHPDQG WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI VRPH IXQFWLRQDOLW\ RI WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ V\VWHP 1RQIXQFWLRQDOUHTXLUHPHQWVDQGIHDWXUHVUHSUHVHQWGHPDQGVWKDWOLQNWRFHUWDLQSHU IRUPDQFHRUVHUYLFHOHYHOVEXWGRQRWGHPDQGDQ\IXQFWLRQDOLW\

7KHVHFRQG PDQQHU RI IHDWXUHFODVVLILFDWLRQ LV PRUHLQWHUHVWLQJ LQWKHFRQWH[W RI

(8)

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

7KHVHFRQGWHFKQLTXHZKLFKLVJDLQLQJPRUHDQGPRUHLQWHUHVWLQFXUUHQWUHVHDUFK RQUHTXLUHPHQWVHQJLQHHULQJLVJRDOPRGHOOLQJ$FFRUGLQJWRYDQ/DPVZHHUGH>@D JRDO LV D SUHVFULSWLYH VWDWHPHQW RI LQWHQW WKDW WKH V\VWHP VKRXOG VDWLVI\ WKURXJK WKH FRRSHUDWLRQRILWVDJHQWV$JRDOLVWKXVVRPHWKLQJWKDWQHHGVWREHDWWDLQHGE\FHUWDLQ V\VWHP FRPSRQHQWV LQ RUGHU WR EH IXOILOOHG $ V\VWHP FRPSRQHQW FDQ EH D KXPDQ DFWRUZLWKDVSHFLILFUROHDVRIWZDUHFRPSRQHQWDPHDVXULQJGHYLFHHJDVHQVRU«

9DULDELOLW\LQJRDOPRGHOVLVUHSUHVHQWHGE\DOWHUQDWLYHUHILQHPHQWV

7KHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQDUHTXLUHPHQWDQGDJRDOLVWKHIROORZLQJDUHTXLUHPHQWLV DSUHVFULSWLYHVWDWHPHQWWKDWQHHGVWREHHQIRUFHGE\WKHVRIWZDUHV\VWHPEHLQJGHYHO RSHGDJRDOLVDSUHVFULSWLYHVWDWHPHQWWKDWFDQEHHQIRUFHGE\DQ\V\VWHPFRPSR QHQW*RDOVDUHWKHUHIRUHXVHIXOLQDFRQWH[WZKHUHWKHUHDUHEXVLQHVVVWDNHKROGHUVRU RWKHUQRQ,7VWDNHKROGHUVSUHVHQWZKLOHUHTXLUHPHQWVSUHVHQWWKHSRVVLELOLW\IRU,7 VWDNHKROGHUVWRIRFXVRQWKHVRIWZDUHV\VWHPZKLFKQHHGVWREHGHYHORSHG,QD63/(

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

6RIWZDUHSURGXFWOLQHHQJLQHHULQJZLWKH[SOLFLWYDULDELOLW\

7KH ODVW WKHRUHWLFDO SLOODU RI WKH LQLWLDOIUDPHZRUN FRQFHUQV WKH WRWDO HQJLQHHULQJ SURFHVVRIDVRIWZDUHSURGXFWOLQH,QWKHSUHYLRXVVHFWLRQZHVWUHVVHGWKHLPSRUWDQFH RIUHTXLUHPHQWVHQJLQHHULQJEXWDOORWKHUSKDVHVLQWKHHQJLQHHULQJSURFHVVQHHGWR FRSH ZLWK WKH LGHQWLILHG YDULDELOLW\ 7\SLFDOO\ 63/( LV GLYLGHG LQWR WZR SURFHVV F\FOHV QDPHO\ GRPDLQ HQJLQHHULQJ DQG DSSOLFDWLRQ HQJLQHHULQJ >@ 7KH GRPDLQ HQJLQHHULQJ F\FOH LV FRQFHUQHG ZLWK WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI GRPDLQ DVVHWV 2QFH WKH GRPDLQDVVHWVDUHGHYHORSHGWKHVHDVVHWVFDQWKHQEHUHXVHGLQWKHDSSOLFDWLRQHQJL QHHULQJF\FOHHDFKWLPHDQLQVWDQFHRIWKHSURGXFWIDPLO\QHHGVWREHGHYHORSHG 7KH9H635(0IUDPHZRUNVOLJKWO\DOWHUVWKHWUDGLWLRQDOF\FOHGHYHORSPHQWE\H[

WHQGLQJLWZLWKRQHH[WUDF\FOH7KHILUVWF\FOHLVWKHVDPHDVWKHGRPDLQHQJLQHHULQJ F\FOHGXULQJZKLFKWKHDVVHWVDUHGHYHORSHGZLWKVSHFLDODWWHQWLRQGHYRWHGWRYDULD ELOLW\ 7KH VHFRQG F\FOH LV WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ LQVWDQWLDWLRQ F\FOH 7KLV F\FOH URXJKO\

PDWFKHV WKH WUDGLWLRQDO DSSOLFDWLRQ HQJLQHHULQJ F\FOH 7KH YDULDELOLW\ SRLQWV LQ WKH GRPDLQDVVHWDUHERXQGZLWKVSHFLILFYDULDQWVDQGWKHDVVHWLVWKHQORFDOL]HGRULP SOHPHQWHGVSHFLILFDOO\IRUWKHFXVWRPHULQTXHVWLRQ7KHWKLUGDQGODVWF\FOHLVDQ

(9)

)LJ3URGXFWOLQHHQJLQHHULQJF\FOHV

DGGLWLRQDOF\FOHQRWLQFOXGHGLQWKHWUDGLWLRQDOELF\FOHSURFHVVZKLFKGHDOVZLWKWKH FXVWRPHUVSHFLILFH[WHQVLRQ RIWKH QRZORFDOL]HG DVVHW E\ WKHORFDO GHSDUWPHQWV ,Q WUDGLWLRQDO 63/( WKLV ODVW F\FOH LV LPSOLFLWO\ SDUW RI WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ HQJLQHHULQJ F\FOHEXWZHVXJJHVWPDNLQJWKLV GLVWLQFWLRQEHFDXVHWKH H[WHQGLQJDFWLYLW\FOHDUO\

GLIIHUVIURPWKHORFDOL]LQJDFWLYLW\/RFDOL]LQJLVGRQHLQWKHVDPHZD\ZLWKWKHVDPH VHW RI S RVVLEOH YDULDQWV IRU DOO SURGXFW OLQH PHPEHUV ZKLOH H[WHQVLRQV DUH GH IDFWR PHPEHU VSHFLILF %HFDXVH GLIIHUHQW UXOHV DQG IRUFHV FDQ DSSO\ LQ ERWK SKDVHV WKH\

VKRXOGEHVSOLWXSLQVWHDGRIEHLQJFRQVLGHUHGDVRQHDSSOLFDWLRQHQJLQHHULQJVWHS ,Q)LJWKHWKUHHF\FOHVDUHUHSUHVHQWHGE\QXPEHUHGDUURZV1XPEHULVWKHGR PDLQ DVVHW F\FOH ZKHUH WKH FRPPRQ SDUW DQG WKH VXSSRUWHG YDULDELOLW\ SDUW DUH FUHDWHGQXPEHULVWKHORFDOL]LQJF\FOHZKHUHWKHVXSSRUWHGYDULDELOLW\LVILOOHGLQ GHSHQGLQJ RI WKH FRQWH[W DQG QXPEHU UHSUHVHQWV WKH H[WHQVLRQ F\FOH ZKHUH ORFDO DGGLWLRQV DUH PDGH 7KH F\FOHV DUH PDSSHG DJDLQVW WKH ,7 GHSDUWPHQW VWUXFWXUH RI VHFWLRQLQRUGHUWRVKRZWKHQDWXUDOPDSSLQJRILWRQWKHF\FOHV

9H635(0DFRQFOXVLRQDQGORRNDWWKHIXWXUH

,QWKHSUHYLRXVVHFWLRQVZHKDYHGHVFULEHGHDFKSLOODURIRXUIUDPHZRUN$VSUHVHQWHG LQWKLVSDSHU WKH IUDPHZRUN RQO\ VHUYHV DVD VWDUWLQJ SRLQWIRUWKHFDVH VWXGLHV ZH SODQWRFRQGXFWDQGE\QRPHDQV\HWIL[HGQRUFODLPHGWREHFRPSOHWH2QHSRVVLEOH H[WHQVLRQRIWKHIUDPHZRUNZKLFKZLOOEHVWXGLHGGXULQJWKHFDVHVWXGLHVLVWKHSRVVL ELOLW\ WR FUHDWH D IRUPDO PHWKRG IRU WUDQVIRUPDWLRQV EHWZHHQ JRDO PRGHOV DQG UH TXLUHPHQW PRGHOV $QRWKHU DGGLWLRQ WR WKH IUDPHZRUN FXUUHQWO\ XQGHU VWXG\ LV WKH H[WHQVLRQIURPWUDGLWLRQDO63/(WRZDUGV6HUYLFH2ULHQWHG3URGXFW/LQH(QJLQHHULQJ 623/()XUWKHUH[WHQVLRQVZLOODOVRGHILQLWHO\DULVHZKHQZHDUHFRXSOLQJWKHFDVH VWXG\UHVXOWVEDFNWRWKHIUDPHZRUN7KHORQJHUWHUPREMHFWLYHRIRXUUHVHDUFKLVWR HQKDQFHDQGILOOWKHIUDPHZRUNWRVXFKDOHYHOZHREWDLQDVROLGDQGFRPSOHWHPHWKR GRORJ\FRQFHUQLQJYDULDELOLW\LQVLGHVRIWZDUHSURGXFWOLQHV

$V PDGHFOHDUE\ WKH H[SODQDWLRQ RIWKH SLOODUV RIWKHIUDPHZRUNWKHWKHRU\ IRU VXFFHVVIXO 63/( LV DYDLODEOH LQ UHVHDUFK EXW WKH OLQN WRZDUGV SUDFWLFH VWLOO ODFNV

(10)

VWUHQJWKDQGWKLVLVZKHUH9H635(0ZLOOXOWLPDWHO\SURYHXVHIXO2QFHWKHPHWKR GRORJ\LVFRPSOHWHGWKHIROORZLQJVWHSZLOOEHWRLQWURGXFH9H635(0LQWRFRPSD QLHV DQG LQ WKDW ZD\ FUHDWH QHZ RSSRUWXQLWLHV IRU IXUWKHU H[SORUDWLRQV LQ HPSLULFDO UHVHDUFK

$FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV

:HJUDWHIXOO\DFNQRZOHGJH.%&*OREDO6HUYLFHV19PHPEHURIWKH.%&*URXS IRUIXQGLQJWKLVUHVHDUFKWKURXJKWKH.%&UHVHDUFKFKDLU'HYHORSLQJDQG0DQDJLQJ

%XVLQHVV6HUYLFHVDV6KDUHG$VVHWV

5HIHUHQFHV

.DQJ .& &RKHQ 6* +HVV -$ 1RYDN :( 3HWHUVRQ $6 )HDWXUH2ULHQWHG 'R PDLQ$QDO\VLV)2'$IHDVLELOLW\VWXG\6RIWZDUH(QJLQHHULQJ,QVWLWXWH&DUQHJLH0HOORQ 8QLYHUVLW\

&OHPHQWV31RUWKURS/6RIWZDUHSURGXFWOLQHVSUDFWLFHVDQGSDWWHUQV$GGLVRQ:HVOH\

/RQJPDQ3XEOLVKLQJ%RVWRQ

$OYHV91LX1$OYHV&9DOHQoD*5HTXLUHPHQWVHQJLQHHULQJIRUVRIWZDUHSURGXFW OLQHV$V\VWHPDWLFOLWHUDWXUHUHYLHZ,QIRUPDWLRQDQG6RIWZDUH7HFKQRORJ\SS

+XEDX[ $ +H\PDQV 3 %HQDYLGHV ' 9DULDELOLW\ 0RGHOOLQJ &KDOOHQJHV IURP WKH 7UHQFKHVRIDQ2SHQ6RXUFH3URGXFW/LQH5H(QJLQHHULQJ3URMHFW,Q,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIH UHQFHRQ6RIWZDUH3URGXFW/LQHVSS,(((&RPSXWHU6RFLHW\/LPHULFN /LQGHQ)-6FKPLG.5RPPHV(6RIWZDUH3URGXFW/LQHVLQ$FWLRQ7KH%HVW,QGXVWUL

DO3UDFWLFHLQ3URGXFW/LQH(QJLQHHULQJ6SULQJHU9HUODJ%HUOLQ

/HH..DQJ.&/HH-&RQFHSWVDQG*XLGHOLQHVRI)HDWXUH0RGHOLQJIRU3URGXFW/LQH 6RIWZDUH(QJLQHHULQJ,Q,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ6RIWZDUH5HXVHSS±6SULQ JHU9HUODJ$XVWLQ

&KHQ/$OL%DEDU0$OL19DULDELOLW\PDQDJHPHQWLQVRIWZDUHSURGXFWOLQHVDV\VWH PDWLFUHYLHZ,Q3URFHHGLQJVRIWKHWKLQWHUQDWLRQDO6RIWZDUH3URGXFW/LQH&RQIHUHQFH SS&DUQHJLH0HOORQ8QLYHUVLW\6DQ)UDQFLVFR

.LP6'+HU-6&KDQJ6+$7KHRUHWLFDO)RXQGDWLRQRI9DULDELOLW\LQ&RPSRQHQW

%DVHG'HYHORSPHQW,QIRUPDWLRQDQG6RIWZDUH7HFKQRORJ\SS 6YDKQEHUJ0YDQ*XUS-%RVFK-$7D[RQRP\RI9DULDELOLW\5HDOL]DWLRQ7HFKQLTXHV

6RIWZDUH3UDFWLFH ([SHULHQFHSS±

7UDYHUV04XDOLWDWLYHUHVHDUFKWKURXJKFDVHVWXGLHV6DJH3XEOLFDWLRQV,QF/RV$QJHOHV

<LQ5.&DVH6WXG\5HVHDUFK'HVLJQDQG0HWKRGV6DJH3XEOLFDWLRQV,QF/RV$QJHOHV

&]DUQHFNL.(LVHQHFNHU8:*HQHUDWLYH3URJUDPPLQJ0HWKRGV7RROVDQG$SSOLFD WLRQV$&03UHVV$GGLVRQ:HVOH\3XEOLVKLQJ&R1HZ<RUN

5REHUWVRQ 65REHUWVRQ - 0DVWHULQJ WKH 5HTXLUHPHQWV 3URFHVV $&0 3UHVV$GGLVRQ :HVOH\3XEOLVKLQJ&R1HZ<RUN

YDQ /DPVZHHUGH $ 5HTXLUHPHQWV (QJLQHHULQJ )URP 6\VWHP *RDOV WR 80/ 0RGHOV WR 6RIWZDUH6SHFLILFDWLRQV:LOH\&KLFKHVWHU

3RKO.%|FNOH*/LQGHQ)-6RIWZDUH3URGXFW/LQH(QJLQHHULQJ)RXQGDWLRQV3ULQ FLSOHVDQG7HFKQLTXHV6SULQJHU9HUODJ1HZ<RUN

Références

Documents relatifs

Bagheri, Automated planning for feature model configuration based on functional and non-functional requirements, in: Proceedings of the 16th International Software Product

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des

In our work we focused on component- and service-based systems and proposed in this paper: i) a (meta-)model for architectures of component/service-based software product lines, ii)

distinguish different variants in the same sequence diagram, we associate to the interaction stereotyped with &lt;&lt; variant &gt;&gt; a tagged value: { variation = Variation }

Our synthesis approach is defined in two steps: we first define an al- gebraic way to derive product expressions from PL ones and then statecharts are generated by transforming

In brief, it takes as input a set of SoCPs, i.e., one per input product variant and returns a single mandatory feature called Base and a set of optional features for these

Mai 1537 strengte Hans Seng aus dem Wallis gegen Hänsli Bergmann aus Samen einen Prozess an wegen einem Gütlein, das Peter Imboden hinterlassen hatte.. Das Gericht hiess seine

August 1609 hiess es, der Papst habe dem Bischof von Sitten zu den bestehenden zwei Freiplätzen in Mailand noch weitere fünf angeboten, für jeden Zenden einen, der Landrat