;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u
(Group pM+)
cK7\of/ f] cj: yfaf6 k|efljt ;d'bfosf JolQmx¿sf nflu
;fd"lxs dgf] j} 1flgs ;xof] u
Group Problem Management Plus (Group PM+): group psychological help for adults impaired by distress in communities exposed to adversity (generic field-trial version 1.0)
©Transcultural Psychosocial Organization, 2020
of] cg'jfb ljZj : jf: Yo ;ª\u7g -WHO_ åf/ f ul/ Psf] xf] Og . WHO of] cg'jfbsf] ljifoj: t' jf z'4tfk|lt lhDd] bf/ 5} g .
Group Problem Management Plus (Group PM+): group psychological help for adults impaired by distress in communities exposed to adversity. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
c+u|] hL ;+: s/ 0f k|fdfl0fs ;+: s/ 0f x'g] 5 .
of] cg'jflbt sfd CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 df pknAw 5 .
;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u
(Group pM+)
cK7\of/ f] cj: yfaf6 k|efljt ;d'bfosf JolQmx¿sf nflu
;fd"lxs dgf] j} 1flgs ;xof] u
k|fSsyg
k|fSsyg
xfnsf jif{x¿df dfgjLo cfkt\sfnLg cj: yfx¿sf] j[l4 eP;Fu cfd dflg;x¿ k|lts"n jf cK7\of/ f]
kl/ l: yltsf] ;fdgf ub} {5g\ / pgLx¿df dfgl;s : jf: Yo ;d: ofx¿sf] hf] lvd klg al9/ x] sf] 5 . dfgl;s ;d: of / czQmtfsf] cg'ej ul/ / x] sf JolQmx¿sf cfjZostfx¿ k"/ f ug{sf nflu xfn;fn}
WHOn] Problem Management Plus (PM+): Individual psychological help for adults impaired by distress in communities exposed to adversity, h;nfO{ g] kfndf v'Nnf dg ;xof] u elgG5, lgb] {lzsf k|sfzg u/ ] sf] 5 . o; lgb] {lzsf ljz] iftM ;d: of ePsf t/ uDeL/ dfgl;s : jf: Yo ;d: of gePsf jo: sx¿nfO{ JolQmut ¿kdf ;xof] u ug{ ljsl;t ul/ Psf] lyof] ] . klxnf] s'/ f t o;sf] p2] Zo Ps
;+lIfKt dgf] ;fdflhs ;xof] usf dfWodaf6 w] / } JolQmnfO{ ;xof] u k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 eGg] xf] . bf] ;|f] , o;
;xof] usf ljlwx¿ k|df0fdf cfwfl/ t 5g\, h'g 5f] 6f] ;dosf] k|lzIf0fkl5 ;'kl/ j] If0f kfpg] dfgl;s : jf: Yodf bvn gePsf ;] jf k|bfosx¿n] k|of] u ug{÷u/ fpg ;S5g\ . cK7\of/ f] cj: yfsf sf/ 0f pRr dfgl;s tgfjhGo ;d: of ePsf w] / } h;f] 7fpFx¿df dfgl;s : jf: Yo;Fu ;DalGwt k] ;fsdL{x¿
nufot dgf] ;fdflhs ;xof] usf] klg cefj x'G5 . o: tf] cj: yfdf dfgl;s : jf: Yo ;d: of / k|efjsf/ L : jf: Yo ;] jf kx'Frsf] aLrsf] cGt/ 36fpg pko{'lNnlvt b'O{j6f s'/ fx¿ dx¬jk"0f{ 5g\ . of] lgb] {lzsf k|sfzg ePkl5, PM+ w] / } b] zx¿df nfu" ul/ Psf] 5 . ;du| k|ltlqmof ;sf/ fTds ePsfn]
;d"x ;+: s/ 0fsf nflu cg'/ f] w ul/ Psf sf/ 0f WHO n] of] gofF lgb] {lzsf ljsf; u/ ] sf] xf] . PM+
;fd"lxs 9fFrfdf ubf{ w] / } ;d'bfosf] clws kx'Fr x'G5 / o;nfO{ ;d'bfon] : jLsfg{ ;S5g\ . ;d"xdf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;] jf k'¥ofpFbf o;n] dfgl;s ;': jf: Yo sfod / fVg ;fdflhs ;+nUgtf / : fdflhs
;xof] unfO{ klg a9fjf lbG5, h'g dfgl;s : jf: Yosf] nflu dx¬jk"0f{ s'/ f xf] . ;fd'lxs PM+n] w] / } JolQmx¿nfO{ u'0f: t/ Lo ;] jf k|fKt ug{ ;Ifd x'g] cfzf / flvPsf] 5 .
;fd"lxs PM++dgf] j} 1flgs tgfjdf ePsf jo: sx¿sf] ;xof] usf nflu agfOPsf] xf] / of] u} / ljz] if1
;] jf k|bfosåf/ f 5f] 6f] k|lzIf0f / lg/ Gt/ ;'k] l/ j] If0fsf dfWodaf6 k|bfg ug{ ;lsG5 . of] ;xof] u JolQmut ¿kdf lbOg] PM+df cfwfl/ t 5 / b'O{ 306fsf] kfFr e] 6x¿df ;] jf lbOG5 . ;fd"lxs PM+
sf] k|efjsfl/ tf / ;DefJotf kfls: tfg / g] kfnsf] cg';fGwfgn] b] vfO;s] sf] 5 .
cK7\of/ f] cj: yfaf6 k|efljt jo: sx¿sf ;fdfGo dfgl;s : jf: Yo ;d: ofx¿sf] Joj: yfkg ug{ of]
lgb] {lzsfnfO{ ;f+: s[lts ¿kdf ;fGble{sLs/ 0f u/ L k|of] u ubf{ ;/ sf/ L lgsfox¿ / gful/ s ;dfhsf]
;Lk ljsf; x'g] 5 .
Dévora Kestel Director
Department of Mental Health and Substance use, WHo, Geneva
Acknowledgements
Project coordination
The PM+ project has been coordinated by Mark van Ommeren (Unit Head of the Mental Health Unit in the Department of Mental Health and Substance Use) under the direction of Shekhar Saxena (until 2018) and Dévora Kestel (from 2019) as part of the WHO Series on Low-Intensity Psychological Interventions.
Writing
This manual has been written by Katie Dawson (University of New South Wales (UNSW)).
Review
(with affiliation at time of review)
Ceren Acarturk (Istanbul Sehir University), Aemel Akhtar (UNSW), Parveen Akhtar (Human Development Research Foundation), Richard Bryant (UNSW), Ken Carswell (WHO), Anna Chiumento (University of Liverpool), Rachel Cohen (Common Threads), Chris Dorwick (University of Liverpool), Julian Eaton (CBM International), Renasha Ghimire (Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal), Elise Griede (War Child Holland), Pernille Hansen (Duduza), Mahmoud Hemmo (University of Zurich), Mark Jordans (War Child Holland), Amy Joscleyne (New York University), Dévora Kestel (WHO), Naseem Khan (Khyber Medical University), Berit Kieselbach (WHO), Daniel Lawrence (University of Liverpool), Yoo Ree Lee (Northwestern University), Aiysha Malik (University of Oxford), Aqsa Masood (Human Development Research Foundation), Hadeel Naser (International Medical Corps), Huma Nazir (Human Development Research Foundation), Lincoln Ndogoni (World Vision Kenya), Brian Ogallo (WHO), Bhava Poudyal (International Committee of the Red Cross, Azerbaijan), Atif Rahman (University of Liverpool), Sabine Rakotomala (UNICEF), Rebecca Rawlinson (University of Liverpool), Manaswi Sangraula (TPO Nepal), Alison Schafer (WHO), Pragya Shrestha (TPO Nepal), Marit Sijbrandij (Vriije Universiteit (UV) Amsterdam), Carmen Valle (CBM International), Edith van ’t Hof (WHO), Sarah Watts (University of Sydney), Inka Weissbecker (International Medical Corps), Mike Wessells (Colombia University) and Ross White (University of Glasgow).
Review
(Nepali Translation)
The following people have reviewed the Nepali Translation of the manual: Pragya Shrestha, Renasha Ghimire, Nutan Tiwari, Indira Pradhan and Sangharsha Bhattarai (TPO Nepal) and Brandon Kohrt (George Washington University) .
s[t1tf
Testing
The following agencies were partners in testing Group PM+ through a feasibility study and a definitive randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Swat, Pakistan: Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan; District Health Department, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan; Saidu Teaching Hospital, Saidu Sharif, Swat, KPK, Pakistan; Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan; University of New South Wales; VU University Amsterdam; and the Institute of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Training, Rawalpindi Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
The following agencies were partners in testing Group PM+ through a feasibility study and a definitive RCT in Sindhuli and Morang, Nepal: TPO Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal; George Washington University, Washington, DC USA; King ’s College London, London, UK; University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Duke University, Durham, USA; WHO Country Office, Nepal.
Acknowledgements of the contributions of colleagues involved in the testing of Group PM+ will be included in articles describing its evaluation.
Funding
The development and testing of Group PM+ is funded by USAID OFDA.
Document production
We thank Govinda Prasad Luitel for text editing, Binod Guragain for graphic picture and Rajubabu Shakya for layout.
Coordination (Nepal)
Nagendra Prasad Luitel, Manaswi Sangraula, Ghanashyam Sharma, and Jananee Magar Note on translation of this guide
To avoid duplication of translations, please contact WHO at http: / / www.who.int/ about/ licensing prior to starting a translation.
ljifo;"rL
ljifo;"rL
k|fSsyg #
s[t1tf $
cWofo !M e"ldsf *
cWofo @M ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof]u sfo{qmd @*
cWofo #M cfwf/e"t ;xof]uL ;Lkx¿ #)
cWofo $M ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof]usf n]vfhf]vfx¿ (pM+ Assessments) #*
cWofo %M v'Nnf dg ;xof]usf af/]df hfGg] / dg / z/L/ xn'sf ug]{ ljlw -e]6 !_ $*
cWofo ^M b}lgs ef]Ug'kg]{ ;d:ofx¿ ;DxfNg] ljlw -e]6 @_ ^&
cWofo &M rNb} u/, ub}{ u/ -e]6 #_ &&
cWofo *M b'Mv af“8] cfwf, ;'v af“8] bf]Aa/ -e]6 $_ (@
cWofo (M :j:y /xf}+ / cl3 a9f}+ -e]6 %_ !!!
cWofo !)M v'Nnf dg ;xof]u kZrft\sf] n]vfhf]vf !@!
cg';"rL !M ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] usf] k"j{ n] vfhf] vf (pre-Group pM+ Assessment) !@^
cg';"rL @M ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] usf bf} / fgdf ul/ g] n] vfhf] vf
(During-Group pM+ Assessment) !#@
cg';"rL #M ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u kZrft\sf] n] vfhf] vf (post-Group pM+ Assessment) !##
cg';"rL $M ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] udf cfTdxTofsf] ;f] rfOsf] n] vfhf] vf / k|ltlqmof !#$
cg';"rL %M ;xof] uL hfgsf/ Lx¿ / ;xhstf{x¿sf nflu gf] 6x¿ !#^
cg';"rL ^M ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] usf kf] : 6/ x¿ !%)
cg';"rL &M ;xefuLsf nflu xft] kqx¿ !%%
cg';"rL *M c¿nfO{ ;xof] u ug] { – lrqsyfx¿ !%*
cg';"rL (M dlxnf lrqsyf !^$
cg';"rL !)M k'?if lrqsyf !&^
cg';"rL !!M jt{dfg cj: yfk|lt ;r] t u/ fpg] -Grounding_ cEof; !**
cg';"rL !@M / dfOnf] u/ ] / k'mlt{nf] x'g] v] n -Energizers_ !*(
cWofo !
e"ldsf
nfdf] ;do;Dd / xg] tgfj Ps ljZjJofkL ;d: of eP tfklg o;sf nflu k|df0fdf cfwfl/ t e/ kbf] { dgf] j} 1flgs ;xof] u pknAw 5} g . To;} n] Problem Management Plus (PM+) cK7\of/ f] cj: yf -h;n] JolQmsf] hLjgdf tgfj l;h{gf ub{5_ ef] lu/ x] sf JolQmx¿sf nflu ;xof] u k'¥ofpg ;g\ @)!# df k|sfzg ul/ Psf] lyof] . pQm PM+ lgb] {lzsf JolQmut e] 6 ;~rfng ug{
ljsf; ul/ Psf] lyof] . o;cGtu{t % j6f JolQmut -Individual_ e] 6x¿ u/ L ;xof] u k|bfg ul/ G5 . of] PM+ -g] kfndf …v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú_ Ps dgf] j} 1flgs ;xof] u xf] , h'g ;d'bfosf JolQmx¿
-h: t} M dgf] lj1fgdf z} lIfs l8u|L xfl;n gu/ ] sf, dgf] ljdz{df cf} krfl/ s tflnd / ;'kl/ j] If0f gkfPsfx¿, ;fd'bflos sfo{stf{x¿ / ;j{;fwf/ 0f_n] k|bfg ug{ ;Sb5g\ .
o; sfo{qmdn] dg;Fu ;DalGwt ;d: ofx¿ -h: t} M lrGtf, 6] G;g, lk/ , 8/ nfUg] , hfFu/ grNg] , / dfOnf] sfddf OR5f gnfUg] , cflb_ / b} lgs cfOkg] { Jofjxfl/ s ;d: ofx¿ -h: t} M 3/ df emu8f x'g] , hLljsf rnfpg ;d: of kg] { cflb_nfO{ sd ug{ ;xof] u ub{5 .
o; sfo{qmdn] zf/ Ll/ s ;d: ofsf] ;dfwfg ug] {, cfly{s ;xof] u ug] {, hflu/ lbg] , uDeL/ dfgl;s
;d: ofsf nflu cf} ifwL lbg] / k9fpg] sfo{x¿ ub} {g .
… v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú sfo{qmd s;sf nflu xf] <
b} lgs hLjgdf cfOkg] { ;d: ofx¿ -h: t} M k] ;f, hflu/ , åGå, 3/ fo;L ;d: of cflb_ / dg;Fu ;DalGwt
;d: ofx¿ -h: t} M tgfj, g} / fZotf, cTolws b'Mv cflb_ / fd|/ L Joj: yfkg ug{ …v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú sfo{qmdn] d2t ub{5 .
of] lgb] {lzsf cK7\of/ f] cj: yf -Adversity_ af6 k|efljt JolQmx¿sf nflu agfOPsf] eP tfklg l8k|] ;g, tgfj / lrGtfhGo ;d: of ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu klg pkof] uL 5 . tn lbOPsf s] xL lglZrt dfgl;s : jf: Yo l: yltx¿ afx] s w] / } h;f] dfgl;s : jf: Yo ;d: ofx¿df ;'wf/ Nofpg o; lgb] {lzsfnfO{
k|of] u ug{ ;lsG5 . …v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú lgDglnlvt ;d: ofx¿sf nflu k|of] u ug{ ;lsFb} g M
!_ s;} sf] cfˆgf] hLjg cGTo -cfTdxTof_ ug] { of] hgf -;f] r_ ePdf,
@_ uDeL/ dfgl;s : jf: Yo ;d: of -;fOsf] l;;_, dlb/ f jf nfu"cf} ifw ;] jgdf k"0f{ ¿kdf lge{/ , k"0f{ af} l4s czQmtf, la;{g] / f] u -Dementia_ ;+Fu ;DalGwt hl6n ;d: ofx¿ ePdf . t'?Gt} ;xof] u rflxg] tyf ;'/ Iff cfjZos ePsf ;] jfu|fxLx¿ -h: t} M s'g} lszf] / L, hf] b'Jo{jxf/ sf]
hf] lvddf ePdf_ ePsf] cj: yfdf k|f/ lDes dgf] j} 1flgs pkrf/ -Psychological First Aid_ af6
;'? ug{'kb{5 / ;DalGwt ljZjfl;nf] lgsfodf k|] if0f ug'{kb{5 . pko'Qm ;] jf kfO;s] kl5 o: tf
;] jfu|fxLx¿nfO{ klg …v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú sfo{qmddf ;xefuL u/ fpg ;lsG5 .
cWofo ! e"ldsf
… ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u
(Group pM+)of] lgb] {lzsf jo: sx¿sf] ;d: of Joj: yfkgsf nflu ;d"x e] 6 ;~rfng ug{] k|of] hgsf nflu tof/
kfl/ Psf] xf] . …;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú sfo{qmdn] JolQmsf ;d: ofx¿af/ ] ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/ L w] / } pko'Qm ljsNkx¿ lbg ;Sg] 5 .
tgfjsf sf/ sx¿
1hfF8/ S;Lsf] ;] jg M
g] kfnL ;dfhdf hfF8/ S;L÷dBkfgsf] ;d: of htftt} 5 . ;fdfGotof hfF8/ S;L vfg xF'b} g eGg]
dfGotf eP tfklg dflg;x¿ hfF8–/ S;L ;] jg ub{5g\ . of] clxn] sf] ;dfhdf tgfjsf] Ps d'Vo sf/ ssf ¿kdf b] vfk/ ] sf] 5 . of] ;d: ofn] JolQm, ;dfh / ;d'bfonfO{ g} k|efj kf/ ] sf] 5 / o;sf]
Joj: yfkg sl7g x'g] u/ ] sf] kfOG5 . n} ª\lus lx+;f M
n} ª\lus lx+;f klg g] kfnL ;dfhdf tgfjsf] Ps d'Vo sf/ 0f xf] . w] / } h;f] dlxnfx¿ o;af6 k|efljt 5g\ / o: tf] lx+;fsf] ;fdgf ug{' cfkm} Fdf tgfju|: t x'g' xf] .
;fdflhs k|lti7f M
;fdflhs k|lti7fnfO{ g] kfnL ;dfhdf lgs} dxTj lbOg] ul/ G5 . oxfF dfgl;s : jf: Yo ;d: ofnfO{
;fdfGotof JolQmut ¿kdf glnO{ kl/ jf/ s} nflu nfhsf] ljifosf ¿kdf lng] u/ ] sf] kfOG5 . o;
sf/ 0f k|lti7f klg JolQmsf ;fy} l;ª\u} kl/ jf/ sf nflu tgfjsf] sf/ 0f aGg hfG5 / oxL nfhn]
pgLx¿nfO{ ;xof] usf] vf] hL ug{af6 / f] Sg] ub{5 . k|lti7fjfg\ 3/ kl/ jf/ df s;} nfO{ dfgl;s : jf: Yo
;d: of ePsf] cj: yfdf k|lti7fdf cfFr cfpg] 8/ n] ubf{ pgLx¿ pkrf/ / ;xof] uaf6 jl~rt x'G5g\ . o; sf/ 0fn] klg ;fdflhs k|lti7f tgfjsf] sf/ 0f ag] sf] kfOG5 .
;+o'Qm kl/ jf/ M
g] kfnsf] kl/ j] zdf cem} klg ;+o'Qm kl/ jf/ sfod} ePsf] sf/ 0fn] ubf{ ToxL 3/ kl/ jf/ df / x] sf JolQmx¿
-h: t} M ;f;'–a'xf/ L, gGb–cfdfh";Fu, cflb_ aLrdf klg wf/ 0ff, ljrf/ / ck] Iff gldNbf 3/ kl/ jf/ sf JolQmnfO{ tgfj pTkGg x'g ;Sb5g\ .
a;fOF ;/ fO M
a;fOF ;/ fO ljZjJofkL ¿kdf eP tfklg g] kfndf o;sf] tLj|tf ljsl;t b] zeGbf a9L ePsf] kfOG5 . cfGtl/ s tyf afXo a;fOF ;/ fOsf sf/ 0f kfl/ jfl/ s tyf ;f+: s[lts ¿kdf ;d: of k} bf eO{ tgfj pTkGg x'g] u/ ] sf] 5 . h: t} M kl/ jf/ sf] lhDd] jf/ L ;DxfNg] JolQm gx'Fbf -ha k'?ifx¿ ljb] z hfG5g\, ta 3/ , 5f] / f5f] / L /
1 o; lgb] {lzsfdf pNn] v ePsf tgfjsf sf/ sx¿ l6=lk=cf] g] kfnn] u/ ] sf] Ps u'0ffTds cg';Gwfg (Qualitative interview)cg';f/ k|: t't ul/ Psf x'g\ .
kl/ jf/ sf] x] / ljrf/ ug] { lhDdf dlxnfsf] sfFwdf cfpF5_ c¿ lhDd] jf/ JolQmnfO{ tgfjsf] ;[hgf x'g] ,
>Ldfg\ / >LdtL nfdf] ;do e] 6 gx'gfn] cGo JolQm;Fu zf/ Ll/ s ;DaGw / xg] , 3/ kl/ jf/ sf] jf: tf gug] { -h: t} M cfly{s ;xof] ux¿ sd ug] { cflb_ / ToxL sf/ 0fx¿n] ubf{ tgfj ;[hgf x'g] u/ ] sf] kfOG5 .
;fdgf ug] { tl/ sf M
;fdgf ug] { tl/ sf JolQm lkR5] km/ skm/ s x'g] eP tfklg g] kfnsf] u|fdL0f ;d'bfodf laF8L -Ps k|sf/ sf] ;'tL{hGo r'/ f] 6_ lkP/ tgfjsf] ;fdgf ug] { u/ ] sf] kfOPsf] 5 . of] dlxnf / k'?if b'j} df b] Vg
;lsG5, h'g gsf/ fTds ;fdgf ljlw xf] .
e] befj tyf nf~5gf
2g] kfnL ;dfhdf nf~5gf tyf e] befj k|z: t kfOG5 . h: t} M dfgl;s : jf: Yo ;d: of;Fu ;DalGwt x'g] nf~5gf tyf lnª\u, hft / wd{ ;DaGwL x'g] nf~5gfn] tgfj pTkGg u/ fPsf] kfOG5 .
dfgl;s : jf: Yo ;d: of;Fu ;DalGwt nf~5gfsf sf/ 0f dflg;x¿ cfˆgf ;d: ofx¿ kf] Vg / ;xof] u vf] Hg lxlRsrfpg] u5{g\ . pgLx¿sf] dfgl;s : jf: Yodf o;n] yk af] emsf ¿k c;/ kfg] { u/ ] sf]
kfOG5 . dgf] ;fdflhs ljifox¿df / fd|f] hfgsf/ L gx'gfn] ;d'bfosf ;b: ox¿n] ;d: of ePsf JolQmnfO{ g} bf] if lbg] u/ ] sf] kfOG5 . tL JolQmx¿nfO{ : yfgLo efiffdf af} nfxf, kfun, ;Gsfxf h: tf zAbx¿sf] k|of] u u/ L lrGg] ul/ G5 . o;sf cltl/ Qm dlxnfx¿df nf~5gfsf] o: tf] af] em emg} a9L b] lvG5 . Psn dlxnfx¿ dfly o; k|sf/ sf] nf~5gf klg ;j{q JofKt 5 . o; k|sf/ ;dfhsf ljleGg txsf ljleGg ;d"xx¿df cf–cfˆg} tl/ sfn] e] befj x'g] ub{5 . o;/ L nf~5gf tyf e] befjsf sf/ 0f dg;Fu ;DalGwt ;d: of k/ ] sf JolQmx¿nfO{ …v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú sfo{qmdn] pQm ;d: ofnfO{ sd ug{ d2t ub{5 .
To;} u/ L lnª\u, hft / wd{sf cfwf/ df w] / } ;fdflhs e] befj tyf nf~5gf x'g] sf/ 0fn] ubf{ klg of]
xfd|f] ;dfhdf tgfjsf] d'Vo sf/ ssf ¿kdf b] vfk/ ] sf] 5 .
zf/ Ll/ s l;sfotx¿ -kL8fx¿, b'vfO_
g] kfnL ;dfhdf dgsf] ;d: ofnfO{ zf/ Ll/ s jf cnf} lss zlQm -b] jLb] jtf, e"tk|] t_ sf sf/ 0fn] ubf{
ePsf zf/ Ll/ s ;d: ofx¿ -k] 6, 6fpsf] b'vfO, vfg dg gnfUg] _ sf ¿kdf lng] ul/ G5 . t/ , of]
jf: tjdf zf/ Ll/ s ;d: of geO{ dg tyf dfgl;s : jf: Yo ;d: ofx¿n] pTkGg ePsf] x'G5 . dgdf x'g] ;d: ofx¿sf sf/ 0f b] vfkg] { nIf0fx¿ lgDg x'g ;S5g\ M
• PSn} / xg' -PSn} / xg dg k/ fpg'_, • Psf] xf] / f] x'g',
• Psf] xf] / f] 6f] nfpg', • ef] s gnfUg',
• lg›f gnfUg', • 6fpsf] b'Vg',
2 l6=lk=cf] g] kfnn] u/ ] sf] Ps u'0ffTds cg';Gwfg (Qualitative interview) cg';f/ k|: t't ul/ Psf] xf] .
cWofo ! e"ldsf
o: tf dgf] ;fdflhs ;d: ofx¿;Fu h'Wg' JolQmsf] nflu dfq geO{ kl/ jf/ s} nflu klg sl7g cj: yf eO/ x] sf] x'G5 t/ g] kfnL kl/ j] zdf o: tf ;d: ofaf6 s;} nfO{ zfGt / lzlyn agfpgsf] nflu kl/ jf/ sf
;b: ox¿n] g} dlb/ f -/ S;LhGo kbfy{_ lbg] u/ ] sf] klg kfOG5 . h;n] ubf{ dBkfgsf] nt nfUg ;S5 . To;} n] oL ;d: ofx¿sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ;d: ofnfO{ / fd|/ L a'‰g' / ;xof] usf] vf] hL ug{' b'j} kIfsf nflu / fd|f] x'G5 .
;fdflhs ;+/ rgf
xfd|f] ;dfhdf ;a} n] Pscsf{nfO{ lrGg] ;fdflhs ;+/ rgf / x] sf] x'G5 . o: tf] cj: yfdf ;a} n] Pscsf{nfO{
lrGg ;Sg] x'gfn] ;] jf k|bfg ubf{ uf] kgLotf / Ps csf{sf] ;Ddfg sfod / fVg' lgs} dxŒjk"0f{ / r'gf} tLk"0f{ x'G5 . ;d"xnfO{ ljZjf; u/ ] / g} JolQmn] cfˆgf ;d: ofx¿sf af/ ] df hfgsf/ L lbG5g\ . To;sf/ 0f of] ljZjf;nfO{ sfod / fVg'kb{5 . To;} n] Pscsf{k|ltsf] v'Nnfkg / ;d: ofx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{'kb{5 . o;f] ubf{ k"/ } ;d"x g} alnof] aGg hfG5 .
of] lgb] {lzsf s–s;n] k|of] u ug{ ;Sb5g\ <
of] lgb] {lzsf -s_ o;df k|of] u ePsf ljlwx¿sf] af/ ] df klxn] tflnd glnPsf JolQmx¿, -v_ klxnf dfgl;s : jf: Yo ;] jfsf] k] ;fut tflnd glnPsf JolQmx¿ -h: t} M dgf] lj1fgdf z} lIfs l8u|L eP klg dgf] ljdz{df cf} krfl/ s tflnd glnPsfx¿ / ;'kl/ j] If0f gkfPsfx¿b] lv ;fd'bflos sfo{stf{x¿
/ ;j{;fwf/ 0f;Dd_, / -u_ ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u lbg] ;DaGwL k|lzIfsx¿ / ;'kl/ j] Ifsx¿sf nflu nlIft ul/ Psf] 5 .
;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u tkfO{+sf] nflu x'g;S5, olb tkfO{+,
• cK7\of/ f] cj: yf -Adversity_ af6 k|efljt dflg;x¿nfO{ ;xof] u ug] { ;+: yfdf sfd ug{'x'G5 eg] ,
• cfˆgf ;] jfu|fxLx¿;Fu kof{Kt ;do latfP/ c¿nfO{ ;xof] u ug{ Psbd} pT;flxt x'g'x'G5 eg] ,
• sDtLdf !)+@ ;Ddsf] lzIff lng'ePsf] 5 eg] ,
• … ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u sfo{qmd Ú tflnd lng'ePsf] 5 eg] ,
• c¿;Fu ldn] / ;d"xdf sfd ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 eg] , /
• tflnd k|fKt ;'kl/ j] Ifsaf6 lg/ Gt/ ;xof] u / ;'kl/ j] If0f k|fKt ug{'x'G5 eg] .
o: tf ;'kl/ j] Ifs ;Dej eP;Dd Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)df lj: t[t tflnd k|fKt / k|z: t cg'ej ePsf] x'g'kb{5 . olb of] ;Dej 5} g eg] of] lgb] {lzsfdf lbOPsf tl/ sfx¿ / ;'kl/ j] If0f ug{df cltl/ Qm tflnd / sfdsf] cg'ej ePsf JolQm x'g'kb{5 .
Tfflnd
dfgl;s : jf: Yodf bvn÷k|z: t cg'ej gePsf ;xhstf{x¿nfO{ k|lzIf0f tflnd lbFbf sIffsf] 7f / : ynut b'j} dfWoddf tflnd lbg'kb{5 . sIffut tflnd sDtLdf (^ 3G6f -!@ lbg_ sf]
x'g'kb{5 . dfgl;s : jf: Yo If] qdf cg'ejL JolQmx¿n] tflnd k|bfg ug'{ kb{5, h;nfO{ …;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú sf ;a} ljlwx¿df / fd|f] bvn ePsf] x'G5 . h: t} M ;d: of ;dfwfg ljlw
(Problem Solving Therapy), dg / z/ L/ xn'sf ug] { ljlw (Stress Management), Jojxf/ df
;lqmotf (Behavior Activation) / b'Mv afF8] cfwf ;'Mv afF8] bf] Aa/ (Strengthening the social support) .
sIffut tflnddf lgDg lnlvt ljifoj: t'x¿ x'G5g\ M
• ;fdfGo vfnsf dfgl;s ;d: ofx¿ -h: t} M lrGtf, tgfj_ sf af/ ] df hfgsf/ L, …;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Úsf x/ ] s ljlwsf] p2] Zo / ;~rfng ug] { tl/ sf,
• cfwf/ e"t ;xof] uL ;Lkx¿,
• ;d"xnfO{ g] t[Tj ug] { / Joj: yfkg ug] { ;Lkx¿,
• cfwf/ e"t ;xof] uL ;Lkx¿ / ljlwx¿ l;sfpg e"ldsf clego -k|lzIfsåf/ f k|bz{g /
;xefuLåf/ f ;xeflutf_, tflndsf] cGTolt/ k"/ f Ps lbgsf] e"ldsf clego .
• ;xhstf{ -jf ;xof] uLx¿_ sf] : jx] / rfx .
: ynut tflnd h?/ L 5 lsgeg] …;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú sf] ;} 4flGts 1fg eP tfklg sf] xL of] tflnd lbg ;Ifd x'Fb} g . ;'kl/ j] If0f ;lxtsf] cEof;n] ;xhstf{sf] ;Lk / 1fgsf]
j[l4 ub{5 / cfjZos cfTdljZjf; klg k|bfg ub{5 . sIffut tflndkZrft\ sDtLdf b'O{ ;d"x agfO{ hDdf % e] 6 -!% 3G6f_ sf] ;'kl/ j] If0f ;lxt …;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú sf] : ynut tflnd lbg'kb{5 . oL % e] 6x¿ 36Ldf @ xKtfsf] ;dofjlwdf ug{ ;lsG5 . : ynut e] 6x¿
;+j] bgzLn syfx¿ ePsf -h: t} M w] / } hl6n tgfj gePsf_ ;xefuLx¿;Fu ug{'kb{5 / Psbd glhsaf6 ;'kl/ j] If0f ug{'kb{5 . tflnd ;lsPkl5 lgoldt ;'kl/ j] If0fdf / x] / …;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{'kb{5 . ;'kl/ j] If0fsf] lg/ Gt/ tf ;fKtflxs jf kflIfs ¿kdf ug] { s'/ f ;xhstf{x¿sf] ;Lksf] : t/ df e/ kb{5, h'g ;docg';f/ kl/ jt{g x'g] ub{5 . cf} krfl/ s lrlsT;sLo CBT tflnd glnPsf dfgl;s : jf: Yo ;] jf k|bfosx¿n] klg …;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú sfo{qmd l;Sg ;S5g\ . pgLx¿sf] tflnd $) 3G6fsf] -k"/ f % lbg_ x'g] 5 / To;kl5 b'O{ j6f ;fd"lxs ;'kl/ j] If0f;lxtsf cEof;x¿ x'g] 5g\ . ;xhstf{x¿sf] ;Lksf] : t/
cg';f/ ;fKtflxs jf kflIfs ¿kdf ;'kl/ j] If0fnfO{ lg/ Gt/ tf lbg ;lsg] 5 .
cWofo ! e"ldsf
;'kl/ j] If0f
;'kl/ j] If0f cToGt h?/ L 5 . k|To] s xKtf @–# 3G6fsf] ;fd"lxs ;'kl/ j] If0f / fd|f] dflgG5 .
;'kl/ j] If0fsf] ;d"x agfpFbf a9Ldf ^ ;xhstf{x¿ / fVbf l7s x'G5 . ;'kl/ j] Ifsx¿ dfgl;s : jf: Yo ;] jfdf cg'ej ePsf x'g'kb{5 . pgLx¿n] …;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú tflndsf cltl/ Qm b'O{ lbg] ;'kl/ j] If0fsf] tflnd klg lnPsf] x'g'kb{5 . ;a} ;'kl/ j] Ifsx¿n] cfkm} +n] …;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú sf] tflnd lbg] cg'ej lng'kb{5 .
;fd"lxs ;'kl/ j] If0fsf ;fy} s'g} cfsl: ds ;d: ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{'k/ ] df ;xsdL{x¿ aLrsf] ;'kl/ j] If0f -Peer supervision_ / Ps–Ps ;'kl/ j] If0f -one-on-one supervision_ sf] klg k|of] u ug{ ;lsG5 .
;'kl/ j] If0fdf lgDg lqmofsnfk / ljifoj: t'x¿ ;lDdlnt x'G5g\ M
• ;xefuLx¿sf] k|ultsf af/ ] df 5nkmn,
• ;xefuLx¿;Fusf] cGtlqmof ubf{ jf ;d: of ;DxfNg] ljlwsf pkfox¿ l;sfpFbf cg'ej ul/ Psf cK7\of/ f ljifox¿df 5nkmn,
• ;d"x ;~rfng ug] { k|lqmof Joj: yfkg ug{df cfOk/ ] sf cK7\of/ fx¿df 5nkmn,
• …;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú sfo{qmddf ;xhstf{ ;dfj] z eO{ e"ldsf clegosf] dfWodaf6 cK7\of/ fx¿sf] Joj: yfkg k|lqmof jf l;kx¿sf] cEof;,
• ;xhstf{sf] : j–x] / rfx .
… ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú sfo{qmdsf e] 6x¿sf] ;+/ rgf s: tf] 5 <
…;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Ú sfo{qmdsf] ;+/ rgf lgDgfg';f/ 5 M
• ;xof] u k"j{, ;xof] usf] bf} / fg / ;xof] u kZrft\sf] n] vfhf] vfx¿,
• kl/ jf/ ;lDdlnt e] 6 -P] lR5s_,
• % j6f ;fd"lxs e] 6x¿,
• xKtfsf] Psrf] l6 e] 6,
• Ps e] 6 nueu @ 3G6f b] vL @=#) 3G6fsf] x'G5 -;xefuLx¿ cfOk'Ug, pgLx¿nfO{ k|lzIf0f ug{, lqmofsnfk ug{ / cfjZostfcg';f/ a|] s ug{ ;a} u/ ] / _
k|To] s e] 6df lgDg lqmofsnfkx¿ x'G5g\ M
!_ ;fd"lxs lzIf0f / lqmofsnfkx¿
• v'Nnf dg ;xof] u sfo{qmd ljlwsf] kl/ ro
- k|of] u ul/ g] ljlwsf] af/ ] df lzIff
- x/ ] s ljlwx¿ lsg dxŒjk"0f{ 5g\ eGg] af/ ] df 5nkmn
- ljlwx¿ b} lgs hLjgdf nfu" ug] { eGg] af/ ] df lqmofsnfkx¿ -h: t} M e"ldsf clego, k"jf{Eof;, ;fyL / ;d"xut cEof;x¿_ / 5nkmnx¿
- x/ ] s ljlw k"/ f ug] { r/ 0fx¿ .
• lrqsyfx¿sf] pbfx/ 0f -cg';"rL ( / cg';"rL !)_
- JolQmsf] hLjgdf v'Nnf dg ;xof] u ljlwx¿ lrqsyfåf/ f b] vfOPsf] 5 . - ;Dk"0f{ e] 6df ToxL pbfx/ 0fnfO{ lnOPsf] 5 .
- dlxnf / k'?ifsf nflu cnucnu lrqsyfx¿ 5g\ .
- tkfO{Fn] lrqsyfx¿ 5'6\6} lk|G6 ug{'xf] ;\ / Pp6} k'l: tsfdf / fv] / k|of] u ug'{xf] ;\ .
@_ ;d"xut 5nkmnx¿
• x/ ] s ljlwx¿ ckgfpFbf JolQmut cg'ejx¿ Pscsf{nfO{ ;'gfpg]
• ljlwx¿ ckgfpFbf ef] luPsf ;d: ofx¿ / ltgLx¿sf] ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿df 5nkmn ug] {
#_ ;xefuL / ;xhstf{ aLr 5nkmnx¿
• v'Nnf dg ;xof] usf ljlwx¿ cfˆgf] hLjgdf s;/ L nfu" ug] { eGg] af/ ] df ;xefuLx¿n]
;xhstf{;Fu 5nkmn ug] { df} sf kfpg ;lsG5 .
• ;xefuLx¿n] 3/ uP/ cEof; ug] { of] hgfnfO{ ;xhstf{n] gf] 6 l6Kg] a] nfdf of] s'/ fsfgL ug{
;lsG5 .
• ;xefuLx¿nfO{ yk ;xof] u rflxPdf e] 6 ;lsPkl5 ;xhstf{n] yk ;do lgsfNg'kg] { x'g;S5 .
$_ ;fd"lxs lgodx¿ / lqmofsnfkx¿
• e] 6x¿df ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿ ;dfj] z ul/ G5 .
• ;xefuLx¿nfO{ …v'Nnf dg ;xof] u Úsf ljlwx¿ l;Sg / cfˆgf] dg;Fu ;DalGwt tyf jf: tljs
;d: ofx¿nfO{ Joj: yfkg ug{ To;nfO{ s;/ L k|of] u ug] { eg] / l;sfpg hf] 8 ul/ G5 . x/ ] s e] 6sf] ;du|df hfgsf/ Lsf] nflu tn x] g{'xf] ;\ .
cWofo ! e"ldsf
v'Nnf dg ;xof] usf n] vfhf] vfx¿
v'Nnf dg ;xof] udf hDdf # j6f n] vfhf] vfx¿ 5g\ . ;a} e] 6x¿ ;xefuLx¿;Fu PsPs u/ ] / / k|To] If e] 6] / ul/ G5 .
!_ ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u ug'{eGbf klxnf
• of] n] vfhf] vfnfO{ k"j{ ;xof] u n] vfhf] vf (Pre-intervention assessment) elgG5 .
• ;fd"lxs sfo{qmd ;'? x'g'eGbf klxnf o;nfO{ ;dfkg ul/ g] 5 .
• o;sf] p2] Zo ;xefuLx¿ ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] usf nflu tof/ / pko'Qm 5g\ jf 5} gg\
eg] / hfFRg' xf] , / olb tof/ eP pgLx¿sf] cfjZostf / d'Vo rf;f] x¿sf af/ ] df hfgsf/ L lng' xf] .
@_ ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] usf bf} / fgdf -P] lR5s_
• ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u e] 6df cgf} krfl/ s ¿kdf ;xefuLx¿ s] s: tf 5g\ eg] / 5f] 6f]
n] vfhf] vf ubf{ ul/ G5 .
• olb of] n] vfhf] vf ug] { lg0f{o ug'{eof] eg] , tkfOF{n] tnsf a'Fbfx¿;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{
ug'{kb{5 M
- ;d"xsf x/ ] s ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;lDdlnt ug{'kb{5
- Ps k6sdf Pshgf;+Fu s'/ f ug{'kb{5, To;} n] uf] kgLotfsf] nflu s'g} zfGt 7fpFsf] vf] hL ug{'kb{5
- n] vfhf] vf x/ ] s e] 6df ug{'kb{5
#_ ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] ukZrft\
• o;nfO{ ;xof] ukl5sf] n] vfhf] vf (Post-intervention assessment) elgG5 .
• ;xefuLn] ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u sfo{qmd ;s] kl5 jf ubf{ub} { aLrd} 5f] 8] sf] eP klg -pm ;a} % j6f e] 6x¿df ;xefuL gePsf] klg x'g;S5_ cGTodf n] vfhf] vf ul/ G5 .
• ;lsPsf % e] 6x¿af6 ;xefuLx¿df s] xL k|ult eof] of ePg eg] / hfFRg' g} of] n] vfhf] vfsf]
p2] Zo xf] . olb tL e] 6x¿af6 ;xof] u gePsf] b] lvPdf cGo j} slNks ;xof] usf pkfox¿sf]
vf] hL ug{'kg] { x'G5 .
n] vfhf] vfsf af/ ] df lj: t[t hfgsf/ Lsf] nflu cWofo $ x] g{'xf] ;\ .
;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] usf ;xhstf{x¿
Pp6f ;d"x / fd|/ L ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu Pshgf ;xhstf{n] a9Ldf ^ hgf dfq ;xefuLx¿ / fVg'kb{5 .
!_ ;d"x ;xhstf{sf e"ldsfx¿
• ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] usf bf} / fgdf ;d"xnfO{ g] t[Tj ug{'',
• x/ ] s ;xefuLx¿nfO{ v'Nnf dg ;xof] ucGtu{t ePsf ljlwx¿ l;Sg / cEof; ug{
;xof] u ug{' .
• @ hgf ;xhstf{x¿ -;xhstf{ / ;xfos_ dWo] Psn] e] 6nfO{ g] t[Tj u5{g\ eg] csf{n]
Joj: yfkg / ;d"x ;~rfngsf qmddf cfPsf cK7\of/ fnfO{ sd ug{ ;xof] u ub{5g\ .
@_ ;d"x ;xhstf{x¿sf u'0fx¿
;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] usf c;n ;xhstf{x¿df lgDg u'0fx¿ x'G5g\ M
• cK7\of/ f] cj: yf -Adversity_ af6 k|efljt JolQmx¿nfO{ ;xof] u ug] { tLj| OR5f ePsf] ,
• v'Nnf dg ;xof] u tflndkZrft\sf] / fd|f] 1fg ePsf] ,
• ;/ n, / f] rs / l;h{gfTds tl/ sfdf hfgsf/ Lx¿ afF8\g] ;Lk ePsf] ,
• cfwf/ e"t l;sfOsf ;Lkx¿ k|of] u ug{ l;kfn' ePsf] ,
• cfˆgf ;xefuLx¿sf ;f+: s[lts / cf: yfsf leGgtfnfO{ / fd|/ L a'em] sf] / ;Ddfg lbg hfGg] ,
• ;d"xdf / x] sf ;xefuLx¿nfO{ Joj: yfkg ug{] hfFu/ ePsf] .
o; lgb] {lzsfnfO{ s;/ L k|of] u ug] {
;xhstf{x¿nfO{ k|To] s e] 6 ;~rfng ug{ o; lgb] {lzsfn] dfu{lgb] {z ub{5 . s'g} e] 6sf] ;'?jft ug{'eGbf klxnf k|To] s e] 6df s] s] lqmofsnfkx¿ x'G5g\ eg] / tkfO{+nfO{ k"j{hfgsf/ L x'g'kb{5 . e] 6sf]
bf} / fg tkfO{+n] o; lgb] {lzsfnfO{ ;Fu} / fVg ;Sg'x'G5 tfls tkfO{+nfO{ clxn] s] ug{'kb{5 eGg] yfxf xf] ;\, jf atfOPsf k|Zgx¿ jf ;+jfbx¿ x] g{ ;lsof] ;\ -58\s] cIf/ df / flvPsf] _ .
;d"xsf] g] t[Tj ug{'eGbf klxnf pbfx/ 0fsf nflu lnOPsf] syfsf af/ ] df hfgsf/ L lng'xf] ;\ . pQm
;d"xsf ;xefuLx¿sf nflu Tof] syfsf] pbfx/ 0f ;xL 5 ls 5} g eg] / klg ;'lglZrt ug{'xf] ;\ .
cWofo ! e"ldsf
;xhstf{x¿nfO{ o; lgb] lz{sfn] lgDg ljifox¿df ;xof] u u5{ M
• ljlwx¿sf] JofVof ug{ – ;xefuLx¿nfO{ a'emfpg d'Vo a'Fbfx¿ / ;'emfOPsf ;+jfbx¿
;lDdlnt 5g\,
• x/ ] s ljlwx¿nfO{ s;/ L k|of] udf Nofpg] eg] / JofVof ug{ – s;} sf] hLjgsf ;d: of
;DxfNg x/ ] s ljlw s;/ L nfu" ug] { eg] / syf;lxtsf] pbfx/ 0f lbOPsf] 5,
• ;fd"lxs 5nkmnnfO{ k|f] T;fxg ug{ – k|Zgx¿ / ;+s] tx¿ lbOPsf 5g\,
• ;lqmo l;sfOnfO{ ;xh agfpg – ;fd"lxs lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ s;/ L g] t[Tj ug] { eg] / JofVof ul/ Psf] 5,
• ;do Joj: yfkg ug{ – x/ ] s e] 6nfO{ lglZrt ;dofjlw tf] lsPsf] 5 .
;xhstf{x¿n] hfgsf/ Lx¿ lbFbf / lqmofsnfkx¿ u/ fpFbf ;s] ;Dd o; lgb{] lzsfdf atfOPcg';f/
u/ fpg'kb{5 . o; lgb] {lzsfdf d'Vo a'Fbfx¿, ;+jfbx¿ ;a} -58\s] cIf/ df n] lvPsf] _ / lqmofsnfkx¿
/ flvPsf] 5 lsgeg] o;n] ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u sfo{qmd a'‰g d2t ub{5 . olb tkfO{+n] o;df ePsf eGbf km/ s ljifoj: t'x¿ ;dfj] z ug{'eof] jf s'g} efux¿ 5'6fpg'eof] eg] tkfO{+n] v'Nnf dg
;xof] u sfo{qmdeGbf klg c¿ g} s] xL sfo{qmd rnfpg' ePsf] x'g ;S5 . tkfO{+n] s] xL nrstf ckgfpg' dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 ha M
• s'g} ljifo jf ljlwnfO{ o; lgb] {lzsfdf lbOPsf pbfx/ 0fx¿sf] k|of] u ug'{ eGbf klg cem ;+j] bgzLn tl/ sfn] JofVof ug{ ;Sg'x'G5,
• ;d"xsf] cGt/ ;DaGwsf sf/ 0f olb o; lgb] {lzsfsf s] xL efux¿ l;sfpg ;Dej ePg eg] , s'g} efux¿ cufl8 g} ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . pbfx/ 0fsf nflu, olb ;d"xsf
;b: ox¿ Psbd tgfju|: t eP eg] tkfO{+n] … dg / z/ L/ xn'sf ug] { ljlwÚ cufl8 g}
;~rfng ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 .
o; lgb] {lzsfsf] ;+/ rgf
o; lgb] {lzsfnfO{ !) cWofox¿df ljefhg ul/ Psf] 5 . x/ ] s cWofodf ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u k|lqmof ;~rfng ug] { tl/ sfx¿ 5g\ . ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] usf % e] 6x¿ km/ s cWofodf 5g\
-k|To] s e] 6sf] ;du| hfgsf/ Lsf nflu tn x] g{'xf] ;\_ . k|To] s cWofosf] ;'?df x/ ] s e] 6sf] nflu cfjZos kg] { ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ;"rL lbOPsf] 5 .
tkfO{+n] ;d"xnfO{ g] t[Tj ug{sf] nflu cfjZos hfgsf/ Lx¿ k|To] s e] 6df ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 . s'g
;do syf k9] / ;'gfpg] , s'g ;do ;d"x 5nkmn ;'? ug] { / s'g ;do ;fd"lxs lqmofsnfkx¿ ;'?
ug] { eg] / o; lgb] {lzsfn] lgb] {lzt ub{5 . v'Nnf dg ;xof] u sfo{qmd ubf{ k|To] s ljlwx¿sf] kl/ ro dxTjk"0f{
s;/ L ug] { / 5'6fpg gx'g] d'Vo a'Fbfx¿ s'g s'g x'g\ eg] / klg o;df lbOPsf] 5 . 5nkmn ;'? ug{
jf s'g} tl/ sfsf] JofVof ug{ cndndf kbf{ s'g k|Zgx¿ ;f] Wg] jf s'g ;+jfbx¿ af] Ng] eg] / hgfOPsf]
-58\s] sf cIf/ x¿_ 5 .
cg';"rLx¿ M o; lgb] {lzsfsf] cGTodf dxŒjk"0f{ hfgsf/ Lx¿ ;lDdlnt cg';"rLx¿ 5g\ . ;d"x
;~rfng ug{'eGbf klxnf tkfO{+n] oL hfgsf/ Lx¿ a'‰g' h?/ L 5 .
cg';"rL o;df s] ;lDdlnt 5g\
s_ ;xof] uk"j{ ul/ g]
n] vfhf] vf
;xof] usf qmddf ul/ g] n] vfhf] vfsf k|ltlnlkx¿ agfP/
n] vfhf] vf ug] { e] 6x¿df n} hfg ;Sg'x'G5 . v_ ;xof] usf qmddf ul/ g]
n] vfhf] vf
;xof] usf qmddf ul/ g] n] vfhf] vfsf k|ltlnlkx¿ agfP/
e] 6x¿df n} hfg ;Sg'x'G5 . u_ ;xof] ukZrft\ ul/ g]
n] vfhf] vf
;xof] ukZrft\ ul/ g] n] vfhf] vfsf k|ltlnlkx¿ agfP/
e] 6x¿df n} hfg ;Sg'x'G5 . 3_ ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u
sfo{qmddf cfTdxTofsf] hf] lvd tyf Joj: yfkgsf] n] vfhf] vf
n] vfhf] vf ug{ e] 6 ubf{ / ;d"x ;~rfng ug] { e] 6x¿df cfTdxTofsf] n] vfhf] vf kmf/ d nuL cfTdxTofsf] ;f] r ePsf ;xefuLnfO{ k|ltlqmof lbg ;Sg'x'G5 .
ª_ ;xof] uL ;+s] tx¿ / ;xhstf{sf nflu l6kf] 6x¿
x/ ] s ljlwdf ;xof] uL ;+s] tx¿ ;xhstf{sf nflu l6kf] 6x¿ x'G5g\ . ltgn] ;xefuLx¿n] ef] Ug] w] / } h;f]
;d: ofx¿sf ;fy;fy} ltgsf] ;dfwfg s;/ L ug{ ;lsG5 eg] / tkfO{FnfO{ ;xof] u ub{5g\ .
r_ ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u sfo{qmdsf kf] : 6/ x¿
;xefuLx¿n] ljleGg cjwf/ 0ffx¿ a'‰g km/ skm/ s e] 6x¿df k|bz{g ug{sf nflu lrqx¿ 5g\ .
5_ c¿nfO{ ;xof] u ug{ syfsf pbfx/ 0fx¿
c¿nfO{ ;xof] u ug{ syfsf pbfx/ 0f lbg] , h'g e] 6 % df k|of] u ul/ G5
h_ lrqsyf – dlxnf dlxnfsf] syf
em_ lrqsyf – k'?if k'?ifsf] syf
`_ ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ljt/ 0f ul/ g]
;fdu|Lx¿
;fd"lxs v'Nnf dgsf ljlwx¿ ;Demfpgsf nflu
;xefuLx¿nfO{ tl: a/ ePsf sfuhftx¿ ljt/ 0f ul/ G5 . oL / cGo cfjZos ;fdu|Lx¿ x/ ] s e] 6sf] cGTodf ljt/ 0f ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
6_ jt{dfg cj: yfk|lt ;r] t u/ fpg] -Grounding_
;xefuLx¿ efjgfTgs ¿kdf cl: y/ ePsf] cj: yfdf o;n] tkfO{FnfO{ ;xof] u ub{5 .
7_ / dfOnf] u/ ] / km'lt{nf] x'g]
lqmofsnkfnx¿ -Energizers_
x/ ] s e] 6sf] aLrdf ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;lqmo / fVg o;
;"rLdf lbOPsf lqmofsnfkx¿n] tkfO{FnfO{ ;xof] u ub{5 .
cWofo ! e"ldsf
x/ ] s e] 6sf] ;+lIfKt hfgsf/ L
e] 6 ljifoj: t' ;do lqmofsnfkx¿ / ;fdu|Lx¿
;xof] uk"j{sf]
n] vfhf] vf
;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;'? ug{'eGbf
klxnf x/ ] s ;xefuLx¿;Fu ug{'kg] { ^) ldg] 6 ;xof] uk"j{sf] n] vfhf] vfsf lqmofsnfk / ;fdu|Lx¿
kl/ jf/ df
;lDdlnt e] 6 -P] lR5s_
olb ;xefuLn] pkof] uL 7fG5g\
eg] , ;fd'bflos ;"rgf lbg] JolQm kl/ jf/ ;Fu e] 6\5g\ / ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dgsf af/ ] df hfgsf/ L lbG5g\
$% ldg] 6
!=
v'Nnf dgsf af/ ] df hfGg]
/ dg / z/ L/ xn'sf
ug] { ljlw
pkl: yt eO{ ;d"xdf a: g' @) ldg] 6
: jfut tyf kl/ ro !) ldg] 6 gfd sf8{x¿ -pknAw ePdf_
;d"xsf gLltlgodx¿ !) ldg] 6 7'nf] sfuhsf] kfgf / dfs{/ x¿
v'Nnf dg s] xf] < !% ldg] 6 v'Nnf dg s] xf] < gfds kf] : 6/
sf/ 0fx¿ / r'gf} tLx¿ gfds tflnsf / dfOnf] u/ ] / km'lt{nf] x'g] v] n % ldg] 6 / dfOnf] u/ ] / k'mlt{nf] x'g] v] ndf ePsf
;"rLx¿
JolQmut nIox¿ !) ldg] 6 3fuf] sf] Ps 8Nnf]
a|] s cK7\of/ f] cj: yf -Adversity_
s] xf] < @) ldg] 6 o;;DaGwL $ j6f kf] : 6/ x¿
dg / z/ L/ xn'sf ug] { ljlw @% ldg] 6 7'nf] sfuhsf] kfgf / dfs{/ x¿, wfuf] sf] Ps 8Nnf] / a] n'gx¿
e] 6sf] ;dfkg !) ldg] 6 JolQmut sfo{of] hgfx¿ dg / z/ L/
xn'sf ug] { ljlwsf] lrqfTds xft] kq
@
;d: of
;DxfNg] ljlw
;xof] usf qmddf ul/ g] cgf} krfl/ s
n] vfhf] vf !) ldg] 6 ;xof] usf qmddf ul/ g] n] vfhf] vf
;d"xdf pkl: yt x'g'xf] ;\ % ldg] 6
/ dfOnf] u/ ] / k'mlt{nf] x'g] v] n % ldg] 6 / dfOnf] u/ ] / k'mlt{nf] x'g] v] ndf ePsf
;"rLx¿
: jfut / ;fdfGo ;dLIff % ldg] 6 gfd sf8{x¿ -pknAw ePdf_
dg / z/ L/ xn'sf ug] { ljlwsf]
;dLIff !) ldg] 6
;d: of ;DxfNg] – dgf] lzIff /
lrqsyf #) ldg] 6 ;d: of ;DxfNg] ljlwsf] kf] : 6/
lrqsyf a|] s
;d: of ;DxfNg] –;xefuLsf
;d: ofx¿ &) ldg] 6 ;d: of ;DxfNg] ljlwsf] r/ 0fsf]
kf] : 6/ , sfuhsf] 7'nf] kfgf / snd dg / z/ L/ xn'sf ug] { ljlw % ldg] 6
e] 6sf] cGTo !) ldg] 6
JolQmut sfdsf] of] hgf,
;d: of ;dfwfgsf] lrqfTds ljt/ 0f kqx¿
# rNb} u/ ,
ub} { u/
;xof] usf qmddf ul/ g] cgf} krfl/ s n] vfhf] vf
;d"xdf pkl: yt x'g'xf] ;\
!% ldg] 6 ;xof] usf qmddf ul/ g] n] vfhf] vf
: jfut / ;fdfGo ;dLIff % ldg] 6 gfd sf8{x¿ -pknAw ePdf_
dg / z/ L/ xn'sf ug] { ljlwsf]
;dLIff !) ldg] 6
;d: of ;DxfNg] ljlwsf] ;dLIff -/
pxL jf gofF ;d: ofnfO{ lg/ Gt/ tf lbg] _
$) ldg] 6 ;d: of ;DxfNg] ljlwsf] kf] : 6/ , sfuhsf] 7'nf] kfgf / snd rNb} u/ , ub} { u/ –
dgf] lzIff / lrqsyf @% ldg] 6 lrqsyf lgliqmotfsf] rqm kf] : 6/
a|] s rNb} u/ , ub} { u/ – ;xefuLn] ug] {
lqmofsnfk
$) ldg] 6
/ dfOnf] u/ ] / k'mlt{nf] x'g] v] n % ldg] 6 / dfOnf] u/ ] / k'mlt{nf] x'g] v] ndf ePsf
;"rLx¿
dg / z/ L/ xn'sf ug] { ljlw % ldg] 6
e] 6sf] ;dfkg !) ldg] 6
JolQmut sfdsf] of] hgf,
rNb} u/ , ub} { u/ sf] lrqfTds ljt/ 0f kqx¿
cWofo ! e"ldsf
$ b'Mv afF8]
cfwf, ;'v afF8] bf] Aa/
;xof] usf qmddf ul/ g] cgf} krfl/ s n] vfhf] vf
;d"xdf pkl: yt x'g'xf] ;\
!% ldg] 6 ;xof] usf qmddf ul/ g] n] vfhf] vf : jfut / ;fdfGo ;dLIff % ldg] 6
gfd sf8{x¿ -pknAw ePdf_
dg / z/ L/ xn'sf ug] { ljlwsf]
;dLIff !) ldg] 6
;d: of ;DxfNg] ljlwsf] ;dLIff -/
xfn} jf gofF ;d: of;Fu lg/ tGt/ tf_ @) ldg] 6 ;d: of ;DxfNg] ljlwsf] kf] : 6/
rNb} u/ , ub} { u/ sf] ;dLIff -/ xfn}
jf gofF ;d: of;Fu lg/ tGt/ tf_ @) ldg] 6 a|] s b'Mv afF8] cfwf, ;'v afF8] bf] Aa/ –
dgf] lzIff / lrqsyf @) ldg] 6 lrqsyfx¿
b'Mv afF8] cfwf, ;'v afF8] bf] Aa/ –
;xefuLsf] ;xof] u #) ldg] 6
d / d] / f ;DaGwsf] gS;f+sg -Me-Map_
dg / z/ L/ xn'sf ug] { ljlw % ldg] 6
e] 6sf] ;dfkg !) ldg] 6
JolQmut sfdsf] of] hgf,
rNb} u/ , ub} { u/ sf] lrqfTds ljt/ 0f kqx¿
% : j: y / xf} F / cl3 a8f} F
;xof] usf qmddf ul/ g] cgf} krfl/ s n] vfhf] vf
;d"xdf pkl: yt x'g'xf] ;\,
!% ldg] 6 ;xof] usf qmddf ul/ g] n] vfhf] vf : jfut / ;fdfGo ;dLIff
% ldg] 6 gfd sf8{x¿ -pknAw ePdf_
dg / z/ L/ xn'sf ug] { ljlw,
;d: of ;DxfNg] ljlw, rNb} u/ , ub} { u/ , b'Mv afF8] cfwf, ;'v afF8]
bf] Aa/ sf] u[xsfo{ -/ ljlw agfpg'sf]
lg/ Gt/ tf_ sf] ;dLIff
@% ldg] 6 ;d: of ;DxfNg] ljlwsf] kf] : 6/
lgliqmotfsf] rqmsf] kf] : 6/
v'Nnf dg ;xof] usf] ;dLIff !% ldg] 6 … c¿nfO{ ;xof] u ug{'Ú sf syfx¿
v'Nnf dg ;xof] usf ljlwx¿sf] kf] : 6/
a|] s
: j: y / xf} + @) ldg] 6
cl3 a8f} + @) ldg] 6
v'Nnf dg ;xof] u sfo{qmd ;lDemgsf]
nflu cfjZos ;fdu|Lx¿ -P] lR5s_, syfsf pbfx/ 0f
;dfkg ;df/ f] x !) ldg] 6 vfgf -jf cGo ;fdu|Lx¿_
;xof] u kZrftsf] n] vfhf] vf
;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg sfo{qmd ;s] kl5 x/ ] s
;xefuLx¿;Fu ug{'kg] {
$) ldg] 6 ;xof] u kZrftsf] n] vfhf] vf -cg';"rL #_
;d"xdf sfd ug] { af/ ] df tkfO{+n] hfGg'kg] { s'/ fx¿
dgf] j} 1flgs ;xof] usf nflu ;d"x e] 6 ;~rfng ug{' JolQmut e] 6x¿df eGbf km/ s x'G5 . ;d"xdf sfd ug{'eGbf klxnf tkfO{+n] w] / } s'/ fsf] ljrf/ ug{'kg] { x'G5 .
ofb / fVg'kg] { Jofjxfl/ s s'/ fx¿
!_ ;xefuLx¿sf] ;+Vof M
• x/ ] s ^ hgf ;xefuLsf nflu ! hgf ;xhstf{ cfjZos 5 .
• Pp6f ;d"xdf a9Ldf * hgf ;xefuLx¿ / fVg'kb{5 .
@_ lnª\u M
• ;Dej eP;Dd Pp6f ;d"xdf ;dfg lnª\usf ;xefuLx¿ / fVg'kb{5 .
#_ pd] / M
• ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u sfo{qmd s] jn jo: sx¿ -!* jif{eGbf dfly_ df k/ LIf0f ul/ Psf]
5 . To;} n] !* jif{eGbf d'lgsf JolQmx¿nfO{ of] ;xof] u k|efjsf/ L x'G5 jf x'Fb} g k/ LIf0f ul/ Psf] 5} g .
• !^ jif{ dflysf lszf] / lszf] / Lx¿nfO{ ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u sfo{qmd k|efjsf/ L x'g ;Sb5 . olb ;xhstf{x¿n] 7"nf lszf] / lszf] / Lx¿nfO{ ;xefuL u/ fpg] xf] eg] pd] / cg';f/ sf] lgb] {lzsfdf pko'Qm ;fGble{sLs/ 0f ug'{kb{5 . h: t} M efiffsf] ;/ nLs/ 0f, syfx¿sf]
;fGble{sLs/ 0f, cflb_
$_ ;f+: s[lts / / fhg} lts ljifox¿ M
• ;Dej eP;Dd Pp6} ;f+: s[lts, wfld{s / / fhgLlts kl/ j] zsf ;xefuLx¿ ;lDdlnt ug{'xf] ;\ .
• of] ;Dej gePsf] cj: yfdf oL leGg cf: yf / ljrf/ x¿n] ;d"xut Jojxf/ df s;/ L k|efj kfg{;S5 eg] / Wofg lbg'xf] ;\ . pbfx/ 0fsf] nflu klxnf] e] 6sf] ;'?jftd} ;d"xsf lgodx¿
jofVof ubf{ tkfO{+n] oL leGgtfx¿sf af/ ] df v'n] / 5nkmn ug{'xf] ;\ . cGo ;dodf klg
;dfg ljrf/ sf ;xefuLx¿ ;w} F ;Fu} ga;"g\ eg] / Vofn ug{'xf] ;\ . cGTodf, tkfO{+n] ;fd"lxs 5nkmnx¿df ;xefuLx¿n] cfkm"eGbf km/ s cf: yf ePsf / km/ s kl/ j] zaf6 cfPsfx¿nfO{
;Ddfg lbO/ x] sf 5g\ jf 5} gg\ eg] / Vofn ug{'xf] ;\ .
;d"xnfO{ s;/ L Joj: yfkg ug] {
;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u sfo{qmdsf dxŒjk"0f{ zLif{sx¿dWo] Ps ;d"x Joj: yfkg klg xf] . o;sf nflu lgDglnlvt ;Lkx¿df tkfO{+ kf] Vt x'g'kb{5 . ;d"xsf] Joj: yfkgdf cfwf/ e"t ;xof] uL ;Lkx¿sf]
k|of] u dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . oL ;Lkx¿sf af/ ] df cWofo # df k9\g'xf] ;\ .
cWofo ! e"ldsf
!_ dxŒjk"0f{ 5nkmnnfO{ g5f] 6\ofO{ lgwf{l/ t ;do sfod / fVg'
• sfo{qmdsf l;nl;nfdf ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;do tflnsfsf af/ ] df ;Demfpg' kb{5 .
• 5'6fpg gx'g] ] ;fd"lxs 5nkmnx¿nfO{ lj>fdsf] ;dodf klg lg/ Gt/ tf lbg ;Sg'x'G5 .
• sltko cj: yfdf s'g} s'g} ;fd"lxs 5nkmnx¿nfO{ lg/ Gt/ tf lbP/ ;d"xsf c¿ lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{
5f] 6\ofpg'kg] { x'g;S5 -tnsf] pbfx/ 0f x] g{'xf] ;\_. olb tkfO{+n] o: tf] lg0f{o ug{'ePdf tL 5f] 6\
ofOPsf lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ s;/ L k"/ f ug] { eGg] af/ ] df ljrf/ ug{'xf] ;\ -h: t} M ;d"xnfO{ yk
;do a: g cfu|x ug] {, csf] { lbg ;do cufj} ;'? ug{ k|: tfj ug] {, lj>fdx¿ 5f] 6\ofpg] , cflb_.
dxŒjk"0f{ hfgsf/ Lx¿ g5'6f] ;\ eg] / oL lg0f{ox¿ lng'eGbf klxnf cfˆgf] ;'kl/ j] Ifs;Fu ;Nnfx ug{'xf] ;\ .
- pbfx/ 0fsf] nflu, ;d"xn] s'g} ljlwsf af/ ] df l;Sb} 5, / To;nfO{ Jojxf/ df ptfg{ vf] Hb}
5 eg] s'g} Ps ;xefuLsf] Jofjxfl/ s / dg;Fu ;DalGwt ;d: of ;'Nemfpg 5nkmn ubf{
;a} ;xefuLnfO{ g} ;xof] u k'Ug hfG5 .
@_ k|e'Tj hdfpg] ;xefuLx¿sf] Joj: yfkg
• s'g} ;xefuLx¿ o: tf x'G5g\, hf] 5nkmndf w] / } af] N5g\ / c¿nfO{ cfˆgf s'/ f eGg lbFb} gg\
jf c¿sf ljrf/ x¿nfO{ c: jLsf/ u5{g\ . pgLx¿n] cfˆgf ;d: ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ ;d"xnfO{
afWo kfg{ ;S5g\ .
• o: tf k|e'Tj hdfpg] ;xefuLx¿nfO{ Joj: yfkg ug{ cfwf/ e"t ;xof] uL ;Lkx¿sf] k|of] u ug{'xf] ;\ .
• s'g} ;xefuLn] o;/ L k|e'Tj hdfpFb} uPdf ;fd"lxs e] 6df tkfO{+n] jf ;d"x cfkm} n] klg Joj: yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 .
- ;fd"lxs e] 6sf qmddf tkfO{+n] ;xefuLx¿nfO{ pgLx¿n] afF8] sf] cg'ejsf nflu wGojfb lbg ;Sg'x'G5 / c¿nfO{ klg To: t} ug{ k|f] T;fxg ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . ætkfO{+nfO{ wGojfb Û tkfO{+n] ;'gfpg'ePsf] cg'ej / f] rs 5 t/ xfdL ;d"xsf c¿ ;b: ox¿sf] klg cg'ej
;'Gg rfxG5f} + . tkfO{+x¿dWo] c¿n] klg o: t} jf km/ s cg'ej ug{'ePsf] 5 <Æ
• olb s'g} ;xefuLn] ;d"xdf ;d: of v8f ul/ / x] sf 5g\, tkfO{+sf lgb] {zgx¿sf] kfngf ul/ / x] sf 5} gg\ eg] tkfO{+n] tL ;xefuL;Fu a|] ssf] a] nf jf e] 6sf] cGTodf k|ToIf e] 6] / s'/ f ug{'kb{5 . cfˆgf s'/ f afF8\g / cfˆgf ;d: ofx¿sf] Joj: yfkg ug{ ;a} n] kfpg'k5{ eg] / a'emfpg'xf] ;\ .
;'?d} gsf/ fTds s'/ f gug{'xf] ;\ lsgeg] To;f] ubf{ pQm ;xefuLn] tkfO{+sf] ;Nnfx g;'Gg
;S5g\ .
- æsfo{qmddf tkfO{+ w] / } ;xefuL e} / xg'ePsf] 5, h'g Psbd} / fd|f] xf] . t/ ;d"xsf c¿
;xefuLx¿n] klg af] Ng] df} sf kfpg' Psbd h?/ L 5 / d} n] b] lv/ x] sf] 5', ;d"xdf clxn]
T;;f] e} / x] sf] 5} g . To;sf/ 0f tkfO{+n] c¿nfO{ ;Ddfg ub} {, c¿sf s'/ fx¿nfO{ Vofn / fvL af] Ng] df} sf lbg'xf] ;\ . o;sf nflu tkfO{+n] c¿nfO{ kv{g'kg] { x'G5 / 5nkmnsf] ;'?df c¿
;xefuLnfO{ af] Ng lbg'kg] { x'G5 . o;f] ubf{ s;f] xf] nf <Æ
• s;} n] To: tf] Jojxf/ b] vfpg'sf] k5fl8 s] xL sf/ 0fx¿ x'g ;S5g\, -h: t} M pgLx¿ ;d"xsf km/ s kl/ j] zaf6 cfPsf ;xefuLx¿nfO{ dg k/ fpFb} gg\, pgLx¿n] cfkm} nfO{ ;a} eGbf w] / }
;xof] u rflxG5 eGg] ;f] Rg ;S5g\, ;d'bfodf cfˆgf] : yfg jf pd] / sf sf/ 0f pgLx¿n] cfkm} nfO{
k|efjzfnL 7fGg ;S5g\_. o: tf sf/ 0fx¿ kQf nufpg ;lsPdf pQm ;xefuLnfO{ lgDgfg';f/
Joj: yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 .
- PSn] } ePsf] cj: yfdf pQm ;xefuLnfO{ o: tf] k|Zg ;f] Wg ;Sg'x'G5 M ætkfO{FnfO{ ;d"xdf c¿sf s'/ f ;'Gg c;xh agfpg] To: tf s] xL ;d: of jf s'/ fx¿ 5g\ < olb 5g\ eg] tL
;d: ofx¿ ;'Nemfpg d tkfO{+sf] ;xof] u ug{ rfxG5'Æ.
#_ tgfjdf ePsf ;xefuLx¿sf] Joj: yfkg
• ;xefuLsf] rf;f] / tgfjsf] klxrfg ug{' klxnf] k|ltlqmof xf] -of] s;/ L ug] { eGg] af/ ] ;'emfjx¿sf nflu cWofo # x] g{'xf] ;\_. cToGt} ;+j] bgzLn cfjZostf ePsf tyf ;'/ Iffsf] hf] lvddf k/ ] sf ;] jfu|fxLx¿
-h: t} M ;Defljt b'Jo{jxf/ sf] hf] lvddf ePsL s'g} lszf] / L_ ePsf] cj: yfdf ;'?df dg;Fu
;DalGwt ;xof] u k|bfg u/ L dgf] ljdz{sf nflu k|] if0f ug{'xf] ;\ .
• ;xefuLnfO{ zfGt x'g lbg' klg dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . r'krfk / xg', 5nkmnnfO{ cufl8 ga9fpg' / csf] { zLif{sdf ghfg' klg s] xL ;do zfGt x'g lbg] ] Pp6f pkfo xf] . cGo ;xefuLx¿n]
klg tgfju|: t ;xefuLnfO{ ;xof] u ug{ ;Sb5g\ -h: t} M cFufnf] dfg{', pgLx¿sf] tgfjnfO{
: jLsf/ ug{' cflb_.
• olb pQm ;xefuLnfO{ cfkm} } zfGt x'g ufx|f] kof] { eg] ;d"xdf cEof; ug] { ls eg] / ;f] Wg
;Sg'x'G5 .
- æolb xfdLn] dg / z/ L/ xn'sf ug] { ljlwsf] cEof; ;d"xdf u¥of} F eg] tkfO{+nfO{
;lhnf] x'GYof] ls<Æ
• olb ;xefuLdf tgfj w] / } 5 / To;n] ;d"xsf] sfo{qmddf c;/ k'lu/ x] sf] 5 eg] pQm e] 6df csf] { ;xof] uL klg pknAw x'g'x'G5 eg] tL ;xefuLnfO{ ;d"xaf6 aflx/ nu] / yk Joj: yfkg ug{ ;xof] u ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . o;f] ug{ ;s] df ;d"xsf] sfo{qmd cufl8 a9\g ;S5 . olb ;f]
e] 6df bf] ;|f] ;xhstf{ pknAw gePdf tkfO{+n] ;d"xnfO{ !) ldg] 6sf] a|] s lbg ;Sg'x'G5 / pQm
;xefuL;+Fu cfkm} s'/ f ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . !) ldg] 6kl5 tL ;xefuL km] l/ ;d"xdf ;lDdlnt x'g
cWofo ! e"ldsf
;Sg] 5g\ jf cfjZostfcg';f/ yk ;do ;d"xaf6 aflx/ g} } / xg ;Sg] 5g\ . olb o: tf] eof]
eg] , pgnfO{ k'g ;d"xdf cfpg k|f] T;fxg ug{'xf] ;\ jf #) ldg] 6kl5 pgL ;d"xdf kms] {gkms] {sf]
hfFr ug{'xf] ;\ .
$_ gaf] Ng] ;xefuLnfO{ 5nkmnsf nflu k|f] T;fxg
• olb ;xefuLx¿n] JolQmut ;d: ofx¿sf af/ ] df JoQm ug{ cK7\of/ f] dfg] df To: tf ;xefuLx¿nfO{
s'g} syfsf] ] pbfx/ 0fx¿sf af/ ] df s'/ f ug{ nufpg ;lsG5 .
• cfk"mn] hfg] sf c¿ pbfx/ 0fx¿ -h: t} M ;d'bfo jf cfk"mn] Joj: yfkg u/ ] sf klxn] sf
;d"xx¿_ lbP/ klg ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;fd"lxs 5nkmnx¿df efu lng ;lhnf] kfg{ ;Sg'x'G5 . t/ , pbfx/ 0fx¿ lbFbf jf: tljs gfdx¿ pNn] v gug{'xf] ;\ jf s'g} To: tf] hfgsf/ L glbg'xf] ;\, h;n] jf: tljs JolQmx¿ lrGg ;lsof] ;\ lsgeg] o;n] uf] kgLotf e+u x'g ;Sb5 -cWofo # x] g{'xf] ;\_.
- ;d"xdf gaf] n] sf ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;du|df af] Ngsf] nflu k|f] T;fxg ug{'xf] ;\ . h: t} M æca gaf] Ng' ePsf ;xefuLx¿n] eGg' xf] nf .Æ
• olt ubf{ub} { klg gaf] n] sf v08df pQm JolQmnfO{ k|ToIf e] 6] / s'/ f u/ L ;xefuLx¿nfO{
5nkmndf cem} pT;flxt ¿kdf efu lngnfO{ ;xof] u ug{'xf] ;\ .
- PSn} ePsf] cj: yfdf pQm ;xefuLnfO{ o: tf] k|Zg ;f] Wg ;Sg'x'G5, ætkfO{FnfO{ ;d"xdf c¿sf s'/ f ;'Gg c;xh agfpg] To: tf] s] xL ;d: of jf s'/ fx¿ 5g\ < olb 5g\ eg] tL
;d: ofx¿ ;'Nemfpg d tkfO{+nfO{ ;xof] u ug{ rfxG5'Æ.
%_ ;fd"lxs 5nkmn ubf{ zLif{seGbf aflx/ uPdf jf c;xof] uL ljlwx¿sf] k|of] u ePsf] klxrfg ePdf jf v'Nnf dg ;xof] usf ljlwx¿sf] eGbf 5nkmn aflx/ uPdf Joj: yfkg ug] {
• ;fd"lxs 5nkmnx¿nfO{ k'glg{b] {zg ug{sf] nflu tkfO{+n] cl8u / xg'kg] { x'G5 . ;fy} cfwf/ e"t
;xof] uL ;Lkx¿sf] k|of] u ug{'xf] ;\ .
- ætkfO{+x¿sf] 5nkmn / f] rs 5 t/ xfdL zLif{seGbf aflx/ uO/ x] sf 5f} F . clxn] nfO{ xfdL xfd|f] zLif{sdf kmsf} {+, o; 5nkmnnfO{ a|] sdf hf/ L / fvf} +nf .Æ
- æof] ljlwn] tkfO{FnfO{ ;xof] u u/ ] sf] h: tf] 5, t/ of] v'Nnf dg ;xof] usf] ljifo gePsfn]
o;af/ ] df xfdL e] 6df s'/ f ub} {gf} + . o;nfO{ xfdL e] 6 ;lsPkl5 5'6\6} 5nkmn ug{ ;S5f} + .Æ
^_ ;xefuLx¿n] cfjZostfeGbf w] / } hfgsf/ L lbPdf
• slxn] sfxLF ;xefuLx¿n] cfˆgf] JolQmut hfgsf/ Lx¿ -h: t} , cfˆgf] jf 3/ kl/ jf/ sf] af/ ] df rflxg] eGbf al9 g} hfgsf/ L_ klg lbg] u5{g\ . cGo ;xefuLx¿n] o;af6 cK7\of/ f] dx;';
ug{ ;S5g\ . ;xefuLn] rflxg] eGbf a9L hfgsf/ L lbO/ x] sf] 5 ls eg] / ;xhstf{n] lgwf{/ 0f ug{' kb{5 .
• olb ;xefuLx¿n] cfjZostfeGbf w] / } s'/ f JoQm u/ ] df jf cfˆgf JolQmut s'/ fx¿ w] / } JoQm u/ ] df tkfO{+n] lgDgdWo] s] xL jf ;a} pkfox¿ ckgfpg ;Sg'x'G5 M
- cfk"mn] elg/ x] sf s'/ fx¿df Wofg lbg / ;s] ;Dd To;nfO{ 36fpg pQm ;xefuLnfO{
cfu|x ug{'xf] ;\ .
- w] / } hfgsf/ L lbg yfn] df pgnfO{ / f] Sgsf nflu Pp6f uf] Ko ;+s] t agfpg'xf] ;\, h: t} M cfˆgf] xft p7fpg' .
- w] / } hfgsf/ L lbg yfn] df tkfO{+n] pgLx¿nfO{ / f] Sg] af/ ] k"j{ ;xdlt ug{'xf] ;\ -h: t} , æcfˆgf s'/ f eGg'ePsf] df wGojfb -;xefuLsf] gfd_. tkfO{+sf] s'/ f ;'Gbf tkfO{+nfO{ lgs} sl7g ePsf] h: tf] nfUof] . c¿x¿nfO{{ klg cfˆgf cg'ejx¿ afF8\g dg 5 ls<Æ_
- ;xefuLnfO{ cfjZostfeGbf w] / } s'/ f vf] Ngaf6 cfkm} +nfO{ / f] Sg cfu|x ug{'xf] ;\ / olb cfjZos k/ ] tL s'/ fx¿ a|] sdf jf e] 6sf] cGTodf eGg cfu|x ug{'xf] ;\ .
&_ s'g} ;xefuLn] e] 6 5f] 8] jf l9nf cfpg] u/ ] jf clgoldt ePdf s] ug] {
• ;s] ;Dd s;} nfO{ klg ;d"x 5f] 8\gaf6 / f] Sg] sf] l;; ug{'kb{5 -pgLx¿sf] OR5f ljk/ Lt ha/ h: tL gu/ Lsg_ .
• sfo{qmddf ;lqmo gx'g] ;xefuLx¿, h: t} M af/ Daf/ l9nf cfpg] jf l5§} hfg] jf e] 6x¿
5'6fpg] u/ ] sf ;xefuL;Fu s'/ fsfgL ug{'xf] ;\ .
• pgLx¿ ;xefuL gx'g'sf sf/ 0fx¿ kQf nufpg'xf] ;\ .
• ;d"xut lqmofsnfkdf ;xefuL gx'g' / ;xefuLsf JolQmut nIo k|flKtsf ;d: of¿sf af/ ] df 5nkmn ug{xf] ;\ . o: tf 5nkmnx¿n] pgLx¿nfO{ ;d"xdf ;lqmo x'g xf} ;nf lbG5 jf pgLx¿nfO{ ;d"x g5f] 8\g] lg0f{o lng klg ;xof] u ug{ ;S5 .
• ;xefuLx¿n] ;d"x 5f] 8\g' ;fdfGo xf] . ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u ;a} sf nflu pko'Qm x'Fb} g / pgLx¿nfO{ ha/ h: tL ;lDdlnt ug{'x'Fb} g . pgLx¿n] ;d"x 5f] 8\g'sf sf/ 0fx¿ l6Kg'xf] ;\ . rfF8f] eGbf rfF8f] ;xof] ukl5sf] n] vfhf] vf -Post Intervention assessment_ k"/ f ug] { sf] l;;
ug{'xf] ;\ .
• tkfO{+ cfkm} n] ;xefuLnfO{ ;d"x 5f] 8\g cfu|x gug{'xf] ;\ . olb s'g} ;xefuLn] ;d"xnfO{ gsf/ fTds k|efj kf/ ] sf] 7fGg'x'G5 eg] cfˆgf] ;'kl/ j] Ifs;Fu o; ljifodf 5nkmn ug{'xf] ;\ .
cWofo ! e"ldsf
*_ ;xefuLx¿n] lx+;fsf] cg'ej ul/ / x] sf] ePdf
• s'g} ;xefuL zf/ Ll/ s lx+;faf6 kLl8t e} / x] sf] -h: t} M cfˆgf] bDktLaf6 x'g] n} +lus lx+;f_ x'g
;S5 . of] hfgsf/ L ;d"xsf ;xefuL cfkm} jf cGo ;xefuLdfkm{t cfpg ;S5 .
• olb cGo ;xefuLx¿dfkm{t of] hfgsf/ L cfPsf] xf] eg] tkfO{+n] ;DalGwt ;xefuLnfO{ … s]
tkfO{+ o: tf] lx+;f ef] lu/ xg' ePsf] 5 <Ú eg] / ;f] Wg'xf] ;\ .
• olb ;xefuLn] s] eO/ x] sf] 5 eg] / s'/ f ug{ rfx] df, o: tf] slt k6s lx+;f ef] Ug'eof] , s;n]
lx+;f ub} {5, 3/ df pgLx¿ cfˆgf] jf c¿ -h: t} M afnaflnsf_ sf] ;'/ Iffsf nflu 8/ fPsf 5g\
ls ;f] Wg'xf] ;\ .
• olb ;xefuL cfˆgf] jf c¿sf] nflu 8/ fPsf 5g\ eg] tkfO{Fsf] ;'kl/ j] IfsnfO{ t'?Gt ;Dks{
ug'{xf] ;\ tfls pko'Qm sbd rfNg ;lsof] ;\ . ;DalGwt lgsfo Psåf/ k|0ffnL ;+s6 Joj: yfkg
;] jfs] G›df -OCMC – One stop Crisis Management Center_ jf ;Defljt ;+: yfdf ;dGjo tyf l;kmfl/ ; ug'{kg] { x'g ;S5 . ;xefuLnfO{ ;'/ lIft / fVg] s'/ fsf] hfgsf/ L lbg'xf] ;\ .
• hlxn] klg cfˆgf] ;'kl/ j] Ifs;Fu lx+;f ef] lu/ s] sf jf klxn] g} ef] lu;s] sf ;xefuLx¿sf] af/ ] df s'/ fsfgL ug'{xf] ;\ . o;n] yk s] sfo{ ug{] xf] eGg] af/ ] lg0f{o lng tkfO{FnfO{ ;xof] u ldNb5 .
• tTsfn lx+;f gef] u] sf ;xefuL jf tTsfn cfˆgf] ;'/ Iffsf nflu g8/ fPsf ;xefuL 5g\ eg] , olb pgLx¿n] s'g} a] nf cfk"mn] c;'/ lIft dx;'; u/ ] df pgLx¿n] s;nfO{ ;Dks{ ug{ ;S5g\
;f] Wg h?/ L x'G5 . h: t} M ;DalGwt lgsfo, ;+: yf, tkfO{F jf tkfO{Fsf] ;'kl/ j] Ifs . (_ ;xefuLx¿n] e] 6 -e] 6x¿_ 5'6fPdf
• n] vfhf] vfx¿ ubf{ / ;'?sf] e] 6df ;xefuLx¿ x/ ] s e] 6x¿df pkl: yt x'Fbfsf kmObfx¿sf af/ ] df ;Demfpg'xf] ;\ .
• x/ ] s ;xefuLx¿nfO{ Ps lbg cufl8 g} e] 6x¿sf af/ ] df ;Demfpg'xf] ;\ .
• cl3Nnf] e] 6sf] ;dLIff ug'{xf] ;\ .
cWofo @
;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u sfo{qmd
klxn] PM+ -v'Nnf dg ;xof] u_ sfo{qmd lgb] {lzsfnfO{ JolQmut ;xof] u (Individual Intervention)
sf ¿kdf ljsf; ul/ Psf] lyof] . pQm lgb] {lzsfnfO{ ljZjsf ljleGg b] zx¿df k/ LIf0f u/ L ;d"xsf nflu ;fGble{sLs/ 0f ul/ Psf] xf] . v'Nnf dg ;xof] u sfo{|sd ;d: of ;DxfNg] -Managing Problems_ ljlwx¿ jf ;d: of ;dfwfg dgf] ljdz{ -problem solving counselling_ nufot Jofjxfl/ s ljlwx¿
-Behavioral strategies_ ;d] 6] / tof/ ul/ Psf] Pp6f e/ kbf] { dgf] j} 1flgs ;xof] u xf] . o; lgb] {lzsfn]
dgf] j} 1flgs ;d: ofx¿ -h: t} M tgfj, 8/ , c;xfotf_ / ;Dej eP;Dd Jofjxfl/ s ;d: ofx¿
-h: t} M hLjgofkgsf ;d: ofx¿, kl/ jf/ df åGå, cflb_ b'j} nfO{ ;dfwfg ug] { nIo / fVb5 .
v'Nnf dg ;xof] u ;xefuLx¿n] k|: t't u/ ] sf cfˆgf ;d: ofx¿ / tL ;d: ofx¿nfO{ sd ug] {tk{m pgLx¿n] / fv] sf] rf;f] k|lt nlIft 5 . 5f] 6f] ;do;Ldf ePsf sf/ 0f o; sfo{qmdn] cK7\of/ f]
cj: yfkZrft\ JolQmn] ef] Ug;Sg] ;Dk"0f{ ;d: ofx¿df sfd ug{ ;Sb} g -h: t} M ;d'bfodf ePsf Jofks dBkfg ;d: ofx¿_ . To;} n] , v'Nnf dg ;xof] unfO{ cGo ;DalGwt ;] jfx¿, ;xof] u sfo{qmdx¿ jf
;fd'bflos sfo{qmdx¿sf] ;xof] uL sfo{qmdsf ¿kdf ;~rfng ug{' pQd x'G5 . cfkTsfnLg l: yltdf lng ;lsg] cGo ;DalGwt ;xof] u / ;'ljwfx¿sf] lj: t[t hfgsf/ Lsf] nflu IASC (2007) (Inter-Agency Standing Committee) sf] Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings x] g{'xf] ;\ . tL ;'ljwfx¿ pknAw geP tfklg of] ;] jf -v'Nnf dg ;xof] u_ k|bfg ug{ ;lsG5 . o; sfo{qmdn] dfgl;s ;d: ofx¿sf] lgbfg gu/ ] tfklg dgsf ;d: ofx¿ -lrGtf, lk/ , dgdf s'/ f v] Ng] , lrQ a'emfpg g;Sg] , dg s6s6 vfg] cflb_ af6 k|efljt JolQmx¿nfO{ o;n] ;xof] u ub{5 . o; sf/ 0f w] / } k|sf/ sf dgsf ;d: ofx¿df v'Nnf dg ;xof] u pkof] uL 5 .
zf/Ll/s l;sfot
dgsf] ;d:of cGt/;DaGw ;xof]udf sdL
b}lgs ef]Ug'kg]{ ;d:ofx¿sf]
Joj:yfkg ;d:of ;DxfNg] ljlw
tgfj
;fdflhs ;DaGw alnof] agfpg]
hfFu/ grNg] /dfOnf]
gnfUg]
$=
#= !=
@=
rNb} u/, ub}{ u/ dg / z/L/ xn'sf ug]{ ljlw
v'Nnf dg ;xof] u
cWofo @
;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg ;xof] u sfo{qmd
x/ ] s ljlwx¿sf] ;+lIfKt hfgsf/ L / ltgsf p2] Zox¿ lgDg k|sf/ sf 5g\ . oL ;a} ljlwx¿ leGgfleGg}
e] 6x¿df ;Dk"0f{ ;d"xnfO{ hfgsf/ L lbOG5 .
!_ dg / z/ L/ xn'sf ug] { ljlw
;xefuLx¿nfO{ … dg / z/ L/ xn'sf ug] { ljlwÚ sf] ;ª\lIfKt tflnd lbFbf pgLx¿sf] tgfj;Fu ;DalGwt
;d: ofx¿ sd ug{ ;xof] u k'U5 . b} lgs cEof; ugf{n] w] / } tgfj x'gaf6 hf] luOG5 . o;n] pgLx¿nfO{
dg zfGt kfg{ tyf 8/ , lrGtf / lk/ sd ug{ klg ;3fpF5 . la: tf/ } ;f; km] g{' g} of] ljlwsf] p2] Zo xf] . la: tf/ } ;f; km] g{' w] / } h;f] cj: yfdf pko'Qm dflgP klg : yfgLo cf/ fdbfoL cEof;sf ljlwx¿ -h: t} M of] u / Wofgaf6 lnOPsf ljlwx¿_ sf] klg k|of] u ug{ ;lsG5 . dg / z/ L/ xn'sf ug] { ljlw ;fd"lxs v'Nnf dg
;xof] u sfo{qmdsf] ;'?d} -e] 6 !_ l;sfOG5 . o;sf cltl/ Qm o;nfO{ x/ ] s e] 6sf] cGTodf cEof; ug{'kb{5 .
@_ ;d: of ;DxfNg] ljlw
;] jfu|fxLn] Jofjxfl/ s ;d: ofx¿, h: t} M a] / f] huf/ L, kfl/ jfl/ s åGå cflb ef] lu/ x] sf] cj: yfdf of]
ljlwsf] k|of] u ul/ G5 . xfdL o;nfO{ … ;d: of ;DxfNg] ljlwÚ eGb5f} F / of] e] 6 @ b] lv ;'? ul/ G5 . tkfO{+ / ;xefuLx¿ ldn] / pgLx¿nfO{ ;a} eGbf a9L lk/ f] n] sf ;d: ofx¿sf ;Defljt ;dfwfgx¿
vf] Hg'x'g] 5 . pgLx¿sf ;d: ofnfO{ ;a} eGbf a9L k|efj kfg] { ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ ldn] / 5fGg'xf] ;\ / tL pkfox¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug] { of] hgf klg agfpg'xf] ;\ .
#_ rNb} u/ , ub} { u/
o; ljlwn] tgfj / lgliqmotfnfO{ nlIft ub{5 . tgfj km/ skm/ s JolQmx¿df km/ s : j¿kdf b] lvg ;S5 t/ w] / } h;f] nfO{ ;lhn} ysfO nfUg] , zlQm / hfFu/ sf] sdL x'g] , klxn] / dfOnf] nfUg]
lqmofsnfkx¿ / dfOnf] nfUg 5f] 8\g] / lg/ fz x'g] jf ltgnfO{ dxŒjxLg 7fGg] cflb nIf0fx¿ dx;';
x'G5g\ . sltko dflg;x¿ 6fpsf] b'Vg] jf 9f8 b'Vg] h: tf zf/ Ll/ s ;d: ofx¿ klg cg'ej u5{g\ . tgfj ePsf JolQmx¿ w] / } h;f] cfk"mn] ub} { cfPsf lqmofsnfkx¿ ug{ 5f] 8\5g\ . rNb} u/ , ub} { u/
ljlwn] ;xefuLx¿sf lqmofsnfknfO{ a9fpg] p2] Zo / fV5 lsgeg] o;n] pgLx¿sf] d'8 jf hfFu/ df k|ToIf k|efj kfb{5 . of] ljlw e] 6 # b] lv ;'? ul/ G5 .
$_ b'Mv af“8] cfwf, ;'v af“8] bf] Aa/
dg;Fu ;DalGwt ;d: of ePsf JolQmx¿ ;xof] uL JolQmx¿ / ;+: yfaf6 6fl9g ;S5g\ . ;fdflhs
;xof] u -h: t} M e/ kbf{ ;fyLx¿, kl/ jf/ , ;xsdL{x¿ jf ;fd'bflos ;+: yfx¿;Fu_ alnof] agfpgfn]
;xefuLsf] ;': jf: Yodf 6] jf k'Ub5 . of] ljlw e] 6 $ b] lv ;'? ul/ G5 . olb s'g} ;xefuLnfO{ / fd|f]
;fdflhs ;xof] u pknAw 5 / pgn] To;sf] ;b'kof] u ul/ / x] sf 5g\ eg] To;nfO{ lg/ Gt/ tf lbg tkfO{+n] k|f] T;fxg ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . t/ , cGo ;xefuLx¿nfO{ s;/ L ;fdflhs ;xof] unfO{ alnof] agfpg]
/ cem a9L ;fdflhs ;xof] u s;/ L lng] eg] / of] hgf agfpg d2t ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 .
