UNITED NATIONS
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
Distr.: Limited AW/CRVS/94/18 28 November 1994
Original: ENGLISH
AFRICAN WORKSHOP ON STRATEGIES FOR ACCELERATING THE IMPROVEMENT
* OF CIVIL REGISTRATION AND VITAL STATISTICS SYSTEMS
ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA, 5 TO 9 DECEMBER 1994
STATISTICAL DIVISION UNITED NATIONS
ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA
THE CURRENT STATUS OF CIVIL REGISTRATION AND VITAL STATISTICS SYSTEMS
IN SUDAN
BY
CENTRAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS
The African Workshop on Strategies for Accelerating Improvement of Civil Registration
) and Vital Statistics System
* This report in general reviews the situation of Civil Registration and Vital Statistics in Sudan and seeks to explain the problems facing the system of civil
registration.
This report contents six chapters:
1-General Background
2- Demographic and Basic Information of the Country 3- The Civil Registration System
4- The National Vital Staistics System
5- Coordination among Government Institution
6-Conclusion and Recommendation
Chapter 1
In this we give a brief-general background about the geographical, climatical situation of the country also highlighting the ethinic and the cultural diversity. In this chapter also we give some information about the main economic activity in the Sudan that is agriculture.
Chapter 2
This chapter gives details about the demographic history of the country and reviews the past four population censuses which took place in the period from 1955 / 56 to 1993 In this chapter we also can observe that the annual growth rate is very high. Also we can find a full information about the changes in sex and age composition of the population. The preliminary results of the 1993 census showed that there were 101 males for
every 100 females in the country.
Much attention has been given to the fertility, mortality
and the crude birth rate.
Chapter 3
The basic point of this chapter is to forcast on the nrocess of the registration of births and deaths since we
had no civil registration system. The legal frame covers onfy ?he Z\ event and there are further need to introduce
legal reforms for civil registration.
Chapter 4
Is considering the national vital statistics system of country The legal frame of the system is the act of 1972 oTbirtL and deaths. This chapter gives the structure o
the svstem the function of the Central Bureau ot
Statist as the general register. Also in this chapter we
qiveInformation about the procedures for reporting and
monitoring, besides details of birth and death reg.strat.on
Ks In this chapter much attention has been given to thL uses of vital statistics in the demographic analys.s,
planning, and social development.
Chpter 5
Deal with the coordination among the government institutions in the process of registring the vital events.
A.?o this chapter introduces the new system for
organizing the civil registration in Sudan.
Chapter 6
Gives a summery of the recomondation and
conclusions.
Central Bureau of Statistics
Sudan
The African Workshop on Strategies for accelerating improvement of civil registration
and vital statistics system
Contents:
Chapter 1
General back ground Chapter 2
Demographic and basic information of the country Chapter 3
The civil registration system Chapter 4
The national vital statistics system Chapter 5
Coordination among goverment institutions
Chapter 6
Conclusions and recommendations
Chapter 1
1- General Background:-
The Sudan with an area of about 2.5 millions square kilometer is the largest country in Africa. It is located in the North eastern part of the continent, It extends from latitude 3.50 degrees to 23.0 degrees north and from longitude 21.75 degrees to 38.50 degrees east.
The Sudan shares borders with nine countries , from the North are Egypt and Libya and from the west are Chad and central African republic from the South it shares borders with Zaire , Uganda and Kenya and on its Eastern side is Eothipia and Eritrea.
The country is located within the tropics. The climate is saharian in the north and equatorial climate in the south , with some minor variation in northen Sudan which is dry and is characterized by very hight daily maximum temperature with little rainfall, while Southern Sudan is humid and is endowed with heavy rains. The annual rainfall varies between 0.1 m m in the North to 1000 -1500 m m in the South.
Ethinically the population in of the Sudan varies very much 597 tribes have been identified in the Country which are grouped into three main ethinic groups. These are the people Arabs, the mediterrarian tribes and Negroids,
Inspite of the ethinic diversity, the Country could be divided into two distinct cultural and religious entities, namely the southern Sudan Consisting of Equatoria Upper Nile and Bahr El - gazal states (which were latter divided into 10 states) which is inhabited mostly by people of purely African origin or Negroids. They practice mainly traditional religions, Christianity and Islam and speak different languages. The second entity is that of northern Sudan which comprises the remaining regions of the country. These regions are inhabited mostly by the people who believe in Islam with small minorities of Christians and believers of African traditional religions and most of them speak Arabic.
The country is mainly dependent on agriculture . According to the 1983 Census 70.0 percent of the total labour force is engaged in this sector of the economy, sorghum and millet are the main food crops and are produced almost all over the country by both mechanized and traditional farming methods. Cotton, oil seeds, ground nuts, sorghum, gum arabic and livestock constitute major each crops.
The country is divided into 26 states and 72 provinces. Administratively the Province is divided into rural / town councils. Rural councils are composed of several villages councils which often comprise more than one village. The town concils are also Sub-divided into quarter councils.
Chapter 2
2- Past trend in population:
2 -1 trends in total, Rural and Nomodic Population:
There was no reliable information on the demographic situation in Sudan until 1955 / 56 when the first notional census was carried out. By 1955 / 56 census the total population was 10.3 millions had increased to 14.1 in 1973, 20.6 millions in 1983 and the preliminary results of 1993 census indicated a total population of about 24.9 millions.
The populaion distribution according to mode of living shown in table (1) reflects an overall increase in .numbers for urban and rural settled populations overtime .
Asimilar trend for nomadic population is observed with the exception of the 1983 / 93 period. The percentage to total population in 1993 in urban areas is 25.2 percent, 66.3 percent for rural settled and 8.5 percent for nomadic population respectively. These percentages were 20.5 percent for urban, 68.5 percent for rural settled and 11.0 percent for nomadic population in the 1983 census. The trend as expected indicatas that urban population is increasing faster than rural settled and nomadic population.
The nomadic population had actually declined both in absolute numbers and relative terms during 1983 / 93.
The average annual growth rate was 2.6 percent during 1983 / 93. This compares with 1.9 percent for the period 1955 / 56 - 1973, 3.9 percent for the period 1973 / 83,2.8 percent for the period 1955 / 56 1983,
It is observed that during the period 1973 / 83 the rate of growth is very high. This is due to the over enumeration of population in 1983 and a probable under enumeration of the population in the southern states in the 1973 census. This had resulted in reducing the national growth rate for the period 1955 / 56 - 1973 and raised it for 1973 to 1983. Amore appropriate growth rate for the period 1973 / 83 iivour view is about 2.8 percent.
As for the period 1983 / 93 the growth rate is calculated after adjusting the population of southern states in 1973 population census.
Even the rate of growth is 2.6 percent for the period 1983 / 93 although lower than the growth rate for 1973 / 83 is considered among the highest in the world and if it is continued, the population of the Sudan could double every 27 years.
2-2 Changes in Sex and Age composition:-
Data on sex and age composition are basic for socio-economic planning - table (4) shows the trend in Sex ratio for period 1973 / 1993 and table (5) persent the age composition of the population.
In general the sex-age distribution during the intercensal period (1973 / 83) did not show significant changes. The average proportion of population under 15 years of age was still more than two - fifth of the population and the aged population 65 years and over had shown slight increase.
As a result of the changes, the dependancy ratio has decreased to 88.4 % in 1983 from 94.9 % in 1973. This still would imply that the resources are required to the spent on the services for the young and aged population instead of investment.
Table (5) also indicates that women in the reproductive age (15 - 49) were slighlty higher in all age groupsin 1983 than in 1973.
The increased proprotions of women in reproductive ages call for expansion of national health services in order to lower the high maternal mortality in Sudan .
Thes preliminary results of the 1993 census showed that there was 101 males for, every 100 females in the country as it is shown in table (5) . The corresponding sqx-ratios were 101 in 1955 / 56, 102 in 1973 and 104 in 1983.
The higher ratio in 1983 might be due to the male selective immigration and other possible factors that better coverage of males than females in 1983.
These figures show that basically the sex composition of the population has not changed significantly, the sex ratio for the urban is generally higher than sex ratio of the general population. This is largecl due to predomenance of males among in - migrants to urban areas. The sex ratio for the nomadic population is higher than that of the rural setted population of women among the nomads.
The sex ratios observed in the Sudan donot seem to cenform to the African pottern. The estimated overage sex - ratios for 1980 and 1985 for Africa were 98.5 and percent for the periods respectively.
2-3 Fertility coinponent:-
The principal source for fertility data in advanced countries is the civil registeration system. In the Sudan the civil registeration is incomplete and consequently censuses and surveys have become the main sources of fertility data in the country. It has jbecome an established practice in Sudan to ask a question on the number of children of ever born to ever married women and these are classified according to age of mothers. The age specific fertility rates are computed by indirect methods and these are utilized to compute the crude birth rate, total fertility rate and gross reproduction rate.
2 - 4 Trends in Crude Birth Rate:-
Table (7) shows that the crude birth rate for Sudan was 42.6 percent per thousand in 1955 / 56 and 47.5 percent per thousand in 1973. According to the United Nations estimates the crude birth rate for 1990 - 95 is of the order of 43.3 percent per thousand.
Although the crude birth rate was declining overtime but still high compared with the estimated crude birth rate for northern Africa (38.0 per 1000) and world,s rate (27.1 per 1000) during the period 1985 - 1990.
The recent estimated crude birth rate for the Sudan in 1993 (43.3) is higher than those observed for Egypt (31.3), India (29.2) and China (20.8) for the same period.
Differentials among the states of the country showed that the southern states had low crude birth rates than that of the northern states. The reported crude birth rates for the selected two northern states Kordofan (36.2), Eastern (31.1) and the southern state Bahr El - Ghazal was 29.6.
One of the factors contributing to the high crude birth rate in Sudan is the population structure. The population is young and the proportion of aged population is low while the proportion of women in the reproductive age is relatively high (48.6 %).
2-5 Age-Specific Fertility Rates:-
Table (7) Shows the age specific fertility rates for the censuses and surveys conducted during the period 1973 - 1989 / 90. The data had been affected by age errors and moreover, the surveys were confined to the six northern states of the country.
Despite these deficiencies the data show a decline in the age specific fertility rates. Comparison between the two surveys Sudan fertility survey(S F S) and Sudan demographic and health survey( SDHS) shows a remarkable decline in the age - specific fertility rate in all age groups during the period 1979-1990.
Table (8) shows that the average age at marriage has increased during the period 1979 - 1990. Allthough more recent data are not available, contraceptive prevalence has also increased.
The decline in fertility is partly due to increased in the age at marriage and partly due to increase in contraception. The economic pressure and the high cost of bringing up a child also has contributed to a decline in fertility.
2 - 6 Trends in the total Fertility Rate:-
It is generally believed that if age-specific ferility rates have not changed over a considerable period, the total fertility rate based on the current age specific rate would be equal to the completed fertility size.
Table (7) presents the total fertility rate for Sudan based on 1973 and 1983 censuses and the two demographic.sample surveys, Sudan fertility survey ( S F S) in 1979 and the demographic and health suitvey (D H S ) in 1989 / 90.
The adjusted total fertility rate shows a continuous steady decline in the level of fertility from 6.76 births per woman in 1973 to 6.23 in 1979 to 6.02 in 1983 and to 4.96 births per wowan in 1989 / 90.
Similar calculations for the six northern states of the Sudan for the same period showed a decline overtime. It declined from 7.1 births per woman in 1973 to 6.9 in 1979 to 6.8 in 1983 and 5.4 births per woman in 1989 / 90.
These rates pertain to the settled population, if the nomadic and homeless population were included the level of fertility would have been even less.
2-7 Mortality Component:-
Derivation of mortality by censuses is based on data provided by censuses on children ever born and children surviving which were collected on a retrospective basis. This approach for data collection has its advantages and limitations. Mortality measures obtained from data collected by such an approach may be affected by reporting errors, such as events misreporting of data of occurrence, of events omission, age heaping and misreporting of age of mothers. In the Sudan children are given names on the seventh day after birth, and it is thought that women may be reluctant to discuss or even mention children who died before being named. This may lead to some underestimation of mortality. Despite these limitations, in the absence of an efficient vital registeration, this is the best available source of information on mortality.
2 - 8 Trends in Crude Death Rate:-
Table (9) presents the crude death rate for the Sudan during the period 1955 / 56 - 1989 / 90. The estimated crude death rate showed a decline from 26.0 per thousand in 1955 / 56 to 21.2 in 1973 to 17.3 in 1983 to 15.8 per
thousand during 1985 - 1990. according to U.N estimates this had further declined to 14.3 per thousand during 1990 - 1995.
The crude death rate (14.3) in 1993 is still higher than the average crude death rate for northern Africa (9.3). when itis compored with Egypt (9.1) and Tunisia (6.4) during the same period 1990 / 95 Sudan has a highest crude death among the countries of the region.
The observed decline in mortality may be expected due to improvement in social and economic conditions of the population in general and in particular due to expansion of health services and the immunization campaigns for both children and mothers which have contributed to child and maternal mortality
rates.
2 - 9 Infant Mortality Rate and Expectancy of Life at Birth:-
As mentioned earlier the estimates of infant and child mortality are derived by indirect methods based on retrospective data on children ever born and
surviving children.
Table (9) presents infand mortality rate and expectancy of life at birth for Sudan during the period 1955 / 56 - 1990. The infant mortality rate in the Sudan shows a continuous drop from 175 per thousand live births in 1955 / 56 to 145 in 1973, 118 in 1983 and 108 in 1990. The eatimate for 1990 / 95 is 99 which is quite high in comparison to the figures for northern Africa (69) and for Egypt (57) or Tunisia (43) showing that there is great range for improvement.
The annual rate of decline in infant mortality rate, in Sudan is about i.5 percent compared with 2.0 percent for Sub-Saharan Africa, 3.1 percent for Asia, 3.6 percent for the Middle East and 4.0 percent for latin America according to a recent analysis of global trends in childhood mortality over the 1980 / 85 period (Hill and Pebly, 1989).
Life expectancy had improved in Sudan as a result to decline of mortality rate as observed in Table (9). In 1955 / 56 life expectancy for males was estimated as 37.1 years and for females was 39.3 years. It increased in 1990 to 48.6 years and 51.0 years for males and females reapectively. The estimated expectancy of life at birth for 1990 / 95 in Sudan is 50.6 years for males and 53.0 years for females, which is low even by North African stardard (59.7) for males and 62.3 for females which are not among the last in the wrold.
chapter 3
The civil Registration System
The Sudan like all other developing countries is under going a considerable social changes and directing National development programmes to achive long range targets based on National and Scientific planing. The Sudan is in the typical position of many African countries regarding accurate information on the basic demographic characteristics.
We had no Civil registration system and the vital registration as exist now is confind to small areas mainly the cities and towns and it is far away from to be used for measuring fertility and mortality.
The legal frame is not for civil Registration but it cover only the vital events.
There are further need to introduce legal reforms for civil Registration to expedite the efficency of the system and this should be a clear civil Registration law.
The registration of births and deaths was introduced in Sudan in 1939 under "the registration of birthy and deaths ordinance 1939" this ordinance was replaced by " the registration of Births and deaths act 1972" According to the provisions of this act Births or deaths of any person in any area of Sudan or of any Sudanse, which occurs abroad, are registred.
The managment of the system is carried out by independent vital statistics section. It concern only with Births and deaths and since the coverage; as stated still very low due to difficulties of transportation and communication between minestry of health and the Central Bureau of Statistics .
The registration of vital events is done by the health staff in hospitals, health centres, and dispensaries and some dressing station.
The birth registers and deaths registers are collected by the district health staff and despatched to the central registry office at Khartoum. Complete files are prepared and each state keep their data at statisical office of the state to serve the state people. The central Bureau of Statistics is planning to introduce the sampling system to collect civil information using the different resources a vailable now but at different boudies . These information could be collected from the different states at the different, adminstracive levels. Then after the first stage of the study, this registration system is going to introduce this additional information to complete the civil registration system. The planning for the Survey would be at the Central Bureau of Statistics and concerned boudies at the capital Khartoum. The producer applied to collect the data would nation wide to standarize this information.
The sampling survey is going to follow the same procedures of recording.
Bound - books for recording sent from khartoum to different states to fill in the information. Additional copies would be used so that the state office keep a copy for their use and the additional ones should be sent to khartoum to enter the data in the computer.
To secure the flow of information if the book let has not finished the registration at any level should sent the copy and sent the bound book otter words.
chapter 4
The National Vital Statistics System:-
1. The legal frame of the system.According to the registration of births and deaths act, 1972.
The director general of the Central Bureau of Statistics is the registrar general of births and deaths in the country.
All registers and other document kept under the repealed ordirarce shall, on the commencement of this act be taken over and kept by the Central Bureau of Statistics. Though the act does not specify clearly the registrars at various levels.
The registration of births and deaths, at present is sustained essentially as a co operative and collaborative effort between the Central Bureau of Statistics and the ministry of health.
Acivil registration and vital statistics division is functioning at present in the
department health by an assistant director. At the regional, provincial arid
district levels there are statistical offices.At the present the registration of vital events is pereformed by the health staff spread out in Hospitals, Health centres and dispersaries. Some dressing stations also register births.
The registered mid-wives notify the births in areas catered by health centres,
dispersaries and some dressing stations, and by nurses in hospitals. The events
attended by the traditional mid-wives go largely unnotified. Most of the births occurring in the rural areas served by large number of primary health units and dressing stations go unregisterd, probably due to logistics problems. There is no study system for regestrationof deaths in the country. Howrver, the hospitals register deaths from among the in - patients:The birth registers and death register are collected by the district health staff
and despatched directly to, the central registry office at the capital Khartoum.Simlarly, most of the hospitals also sent the records direct by to central registry office. The central registry office, among other things, issuesbirth certificates or reguest. ■. ,
Procedures for repoting and Monitoring:- '
A primary source of national vital statistics is the adminstrative records ofthe vital events collected through the health and Judicial orgonizations. The information contained on the brith and death registration forms was the
primary source of data for the statisticals tables. The birth and death registers contained information on the identification of the registration centre, month.and year of registration besides other items of information as given in the
following paras.Birth Registration form:-
(A)- REGISTRATIN NUMBER:- The runing serial number at which the birth
was registered.2- DATE OF BIRTH:- The day month, and year on which the birth occurred
3- CHILDS NAME:- Name of the new born.4- BORN ALIVE:- Is the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a
product of conception, which often such separation breathes or shows any
other evidence of life.5- BORN DEAD:- Is the complete expulsion or extration from its mother of a product of conception, which after such separation does not breath or does not show any other evidence of life.
6- SEX:- Identification of birth as a male or female.
7- FATHER AND MOTHER NAME:- Names of the father and mother of the birth.
8- RESIDENCE:- name of the place where mother and father of child usually reside.
9- RELIGION:- Ethnic group by which the mother or the father of new born are identified.
10 - NATIONALITY:- The nationalty group of mother and father.
11- SIGNATURE OF GUARDIAN:- Signature of morher / father / guardian.
12- SIGNATURE OF INFORMER:- Signature of the person giving information about the birth.
13- DATE OF THE REGISTRATION:- The day, month and year, on which the birth was registerd.
(B) DEATH REGISTRATION FORM:-
1- REGISTRATION NUMBER:-The runing serial number at which the death was registered.
2- DAtE OF DEATH:- the day, month and year on which the death occurred.
3- NAME:- Name of the decedent.
4- NATIONALITY:- The nationality group of the decedent
5- RELIGION:- The ethinc group by which the decedent was identified.
6- PLACE OF DEATH:- Name / address of the place where death occurred.
7- RESIDENCE:- The name / address of the place where the decedent usually resided.
8- SEX:- The sex of the decedent whether male or female.
9- AGE:- Completed number of years or months or days, the decedent lived when the death occurred.
10- CAUSE OF DEATH:- The reason of death according to international classification list of causes, 1975.
11- OCCUPATION:- The occupation of decedent according to international labour orgonization (I L 0 ) classification by major groups.
12- PLACE OF BIRTH:- The name / address of the place where the decendent was born.
13- MARITAL STATUS:- The marital status of the decedent
14- NAME OF THE SANITAEY AGENT CERTIFYING:- Name of the health staff who certified the death.
15- PERSON NOTIFYING DEATH:- The name and address of the person who notified the death.
16- DATE OF REGISTRATION:- The day, month and year, on which the death was registered.
The birth and death registers for each year were taken from the central registry office to the civil registration and vital statistics section of the Central Bureau of Statistics, where the coding unit coded the data on specially designed coding forms. These coding forms were sent to the computer centre for data entry and further processing of data. Acomputerized data processing
system was established at the computer centre of the department. The main statistical tables were produced by using the computerized system.
Uses of vital Statistics
One of the most important uses of vital statistics, whether these statistics are obtained by registration or by some othe means, is in the demographic analysis prerequisite to planning for economic and social development. Such statistics yield information on the rate and tnend of population growth and on behaviour of its components, and by aggregation over time, on population size, structure and geographic distribuation. Given abase, current estimates of population size can be made, and projections built up on the basis of the probable trends of fartility, nuptiality and mortality as drived from study of these factors / and their interaction with economic and social as well as other
demographic factors .
The aggregation of population and the vital events to which it has been subject in an intercensal period may be compared with the census enumeration at the end of the period and the defferences in total size and in numbers in each sex / age group taken as an estimate of the net gain of lose by international migration. Maripulations of appropriate data (where available) may be devised to yield comparable regional estimate and also to measure internal trandfers. These possibilities, porticularly the measure of internal migration, are of special interest in view of the importance of such information
and its relative scarcity.
The interaction of demographic, economic and social factors is so important and complex and aspect of the develpment process that increasing differentiation in reguined in the study of the factors which influeuce birth, death and marriage: urbanization, education, occupation, housing, religion, family structure, income and patterns of expenditure amongost households of families are all likely to be of some significance, Information on such matters will not only enhance the understanding of the demographic process as such, but also provide, where applicable, data reguired for the national accounting in which the state of social and economic development is reflected and
summarized. "
Birth and death registration record are useful in public policy and programmes which reguire reliable information. Social programmes can be designed, monitored and evaluated with the aid of reliable vital recorde and statistics. An important use is the identification of subgroups of population in need of medical and health programmes, nutritional programmes, family planning services, maternal and child care programmes and other social
services.
Vital records can also be used extensively in midical research and in epidemiological and genatic studies. For intance, the death record, in particular causes of death such as cancer, or AIDS, plays a prominent role in scienfitic research studies. There are also poteutial used in historical demography and genatic studies that use record linkage techniques for famliy reconstituation in order to learn about the mortality and fertility patterns of these family groupings.
Birth, death and marriage rates and data on family size and composition are important information in planning for puplic housing. The trends of the birth and marriage rates are indicators of the future house needs. Size of
10
school population and are essential in planning and providing school facilities as well as in trailing of teachers.
Vital statistics are useful in planning for future markets of consumer goods such as medicine, food, clothing and furniture.
If the birth rate remains high, it may be expected that the demand for maternity clothing will remain high, that medicine, food, clothing, equripment , and furniture will continue to be in demand and that housing and house furnishing will be at a premium price, statistics on birth and projection are useful for commercial firms and enterprise to plan for stocks of clothing, toye and play equipment and the like,; for growing children.
The number of marriage has importance for the bulding industry and the trend in marriage rate will imflunce the busihes prospects of clothing and furniture manufactions among others. These are some of the commercial uses of vital statistcs that are available local level.
11
Chapter 5
Coordination Among Government Instituation.
The registration of births and deaths is carried out by the officals of the health statistical offices in, the hospitals, health centres, dispensaries, with a complete co-ordination with the Central Bureau of Statistics.
The duplicate copy of the registers sheet are sent monthly while the registers
are despatched once a year to the central registery in Khartoum. This co ordination is still going on smoothly.In the other side the registration of marriage and divorces is conducted by the Judicial organs by authorized persons in (he various places in the country but there is no any co-ordination with the Central Bureau of Statistics in these
registrations. ..■■-.■
This disorganization of the registration due to the absent of any law organize the relation between the Judicial organs and the Central Bureau of Statistics.
Now adays there is a decision to transfer the administration of civil registration from the Central Bureau of Statistics to the ministry of interior and for these purposes special committees was createu one of these committees is concerned in preparing the law which organize the relation and co-ordination between the agencies involved in this programme.
Now the work of these committees is finished and a new adminstration was
created and has been admitted to the ministry of interior.This administration called "the Administration of civil registration in Sudan".
This Administration will start working with the begining of next year. Beside this there is recomondations to establish a co-ordenation committee from Central Bureau of Statistics, ministry of health and the Judicial organ with the chairman of the director of civil registration in the ministry of interior. The main plan of this committee is to control the flow of registeres and analyzing the data, preparing the anuual report and working on preparing the family card and national figuer.
These recommondations will be approved by the cabient of menistries as
soon as possiable.
12
; ■,-... Chapter 6
Conclusions & Recommendations
Under the existing conditions of resource and manpower constraints the practise of utilizing the vast net-work of health staff to do the registration work is basically sound. If there is strong motivation for the Puplic i.e. visible advantages, they will come to the registrar to get the regisrtation done wherever he is and however possive the system is. But the situation is to the contrary and hence the registration machinery as well as the people at large have to be strongly motivated. Hence the system has to be streamlined in depth. This has to be done in several directions as follows:
1- Designate registrar at various levels at centre, region, province, disterict and health units levels.
2- Speeify the responsibilities and functions of the registrar clearly.
3- Institute a suitable mechanism for constant supervision and monitoring.
4- Introduce judicious decentralization so as to ensure proper work distribution, safety of the records, effective retrieval of records.
5- Take step to register deaths also along with births .
6- Rationalize existing forms and registers with aview to standard them and enhancing their utility
7- Introduce a system of repoting of vital events using the good offices of prominent persons in the community which will improve the extent of
registration over time.
8- Mobilize public co-operation and interest through intensive promtiomal
and publicity programmes.
9- Impart training at all levels in all aspects of registration operations so that uniform excellence in performance is achieved in course of time.
10- Introduce suitable amendments in the act which will help in running and maintaining the system in full year.
11- Mobalize and perpetuate support and cooperation of all the concerned ministries and departments so that bottlenecks and
impediments could be removed promptly. This can be achieved through setting up a high powered standing committee with registrar general as chairman.
12- Develop some basic tabulation of the collected information built into the system so that some key indicators can flow out of the system.
These can in initial stages be used for monitoring and up-grading the
system.
13- Set up a technical committee within the central bureau of statistics which will give constant thought to improvement of the system develope useful vital statistics out of the registration information, build up "Model Rules" effective day to day operation of system, and function in general as a trouble shooting mechanism . This may consist of those persons : director of civil registration in central bureau of statistics, his assistant and deputy director of health statistics in Ministry of health.
14- Build up a well stacked library where national and international literature
13
on the experiences of different countries of the world, development in techincal aspect of registration statistics and analysis would be readily available.
14
Table 1: POPULATION TRENDS BY MODE OF LIVING, SUDAN, 1956 - 1993
Year 55/1956
1973 1983 1993
Total 10262536 14113590 20594197 24940683
Urban 903536 2605896 4219826 6285052
Rural 8002712 9877984 14109541 16535673
Nomadic 1405951 1629710 2264830 2119958
Table 2: POPULATION GROWTH RATE BY MODE OF LIVING, SUDAN, 1956-1993
Year 55/1956 1956/1983 1973/1983 1983/1993
Total 1.9 2.8 3.9 2.6
Urban 6.3 5.9 5.0 4:0
Rural 1.2 2.1 3.7 1.6
Nomadic 0.9
1.8 3.4 0.6
Table3:POPULATIONOFTHELARGESTTOWNS,SUDAN1955-1993 Year 1955 1964 1973 1983 1993
Khart- oumn 260599 459977 784294 1343007 2831384
Medani 50171 66358 106715 144802 218714
Port Sudan 54676 86123 132632 205028 305385
Kassala 39784 68108 99652 140493 234270
Obeid 53932 63831 90073 130033 228096
Wau 8580 52750 91010 82262
Malakal 11264 34894 31737 70840
Juba 11352 56737 85168 114980
Fashir 28145 41312 51932 84298 141777
Atbara 36536 49924 66116 72919 89280
Table 4 : PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY AGE AND SEX, SUDAN 1973-1993
Age
groups
Total 0 - 4 5 - 9 10- 14 15 - 19 20-24 25 -29 30-34 35 - 39 40-44 45 -49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75 +
1973 Males 100.00 18.36 14.46 12.19 10.40 8.82 7.42 6,22 5.20 4.19 3.52 2.84 2.22 1.68 1.18 0.73 0.57
Females 100.00 17.85 14.12 11.94 10.22 8.72 7.42 6.27 5.26 4.37 3.64 3.00 2.3.9 1.86 1.34 0.86 0.72
1983 Males 100.00 14.30 13.86 12.92 11.56 9.00 7.49 6.04 5.33 4.56 3.89 3.09 2.42 1.92 1.90 0.74 1.48
Females 100.00 15.34 13.54 12.51 11.46 9.46
8.15
6.81 5.86 4.64 3.65 2.65 1.93 1.37 0.93 0.56 1.13
1993 Males 100.00 17.36 15.25 10.26 9.96 9.25 8.21 6.40 5.26 4.20 3.62 3.01 2.46 1.83 1.29 0,87 0.78
Females 100.00 17.16 15.09 io:8o 9.64 8.84 8.03 6.62 5.64 4.69 3.98 3.11 2.37 1.64 1.10 0.68 0.62
Table 5 VARIATION IN SEX RATION, SUDAN, 1973 - 1983
Year 55/1956
1973 1983 1993
Total 101 102 104 101
Urban 116 113 112 110
Rural 99 99 101 100
Nomadic
105 110
Table 6: FERTILITY RATES FROM DEFERENT SOURCES, SUDAN, 1955-1993.
Year 55/1956 Census 1973 Census SFS 1979 1983 Census SDHS 89/1990
CBR 2.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1
TFR
—
6.30 6.23 • 6.02 4.96
GRR 51.7 47.5 42.6
—
SFS : Sudan Fertility Survey.
SDHS : Sudan Demographic and Health Survey
Table 7 : FERTILITY RATES BY AGE GROUPS, SUDAN, 1973 - 1993
Age Groups
15- 19 20 - 24
■25 - 29 30-34 35 -39 40-44 45-49
73 Census
0.107 0.251 0.253 0.200 0.144 0.056 0.031
SFS* 79
0.0902 0.2749 0.3246 0.2724 0.1554 0.1099 0.0177
SFS 79
0.0550 0.2242 0.2737 0.2797 0.1738 0.0621 0.0408
89 Census
0.1118 0.2971 0.3141 0.2342 0.1797 0.0717 0.0263
89/1990
DHS '
0.069 0.183 0.240
0.236 ., ,,_.v.
0.157 0.082 0.025 SFS* : Household Survey
SFS : Individual Survey
Table 8 : Marital status Indicators, Sudan, 1973-1983
Married 15 - 49
Married 15 -24
Women 15 - 49
Males Females Males Females
Divorced Widowed
1973 75.5 90.3 6.3 25.2 18.7 3 12.0
1983 70.3 88.0 .5.3 21.2 21.3 3.8 12.4
Table 9 : Mortality Indicators, Sudan, 1955 - 1993
Cenusu Year
55/1956 1973 1983 89/1990
CBR
26.0 21.2 17.3 15.8
eo
Total 38.2 42.6 47.8 49.8
Males 37.1 41.4 46.6 48.6
Females 39.3 43.9 49.0 51.0
Child Mortility
Rate 175 145 118 108
Table 10 : NET MIGRATION BY SEX AND STATES, SUDAN, 1973 - 1983
State
Baher Al Ghazal Central
Darfur Equatoria Eastern Khartoum Kordofan Northern Upper Nile
1973 Males
- 14019 121208 - 132933 6845 73295 191667 - 130447 - 137348 21732
Females - 5065
88789 - 58648 2411 45002 102324 - 102819.
- 0147 17852
1983 Males
2398 9626 T 122544
- r 5397
104723 316010 - 133932 - 172137 11364
Females 4309 17323 - 64796 - 6558 66990 193813 - 89060 - 139253 16234
Table11:POPULATIONPROJECTION,SUDAN,1993-2003 Year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
HighVariant Total 24941 25691 26458 27239 28038 28854 29683 30526 31391 32212 33188
Males 12519 12891 13273 13661 14058 14466 14879 15299 15729 16172 16630
Females 12422 12800 13185 13578 13979 14388 14804 15227 15662 16100 16558
Total 24941 25666 16404 27154 27916 28692 29475 30269 31078 31904 32754
Medium Males 12519 12878 13245 13618 13997 14383 14773 15169 15573 15985 16410
Females 12422 12788 13159 13536 13919 14309 14702 15100 15505 15919 16344
Total 24941' 25647 26360 27077 27799 28524 29252 29981 30716 31458 32211
LowVariant Males 12519 12870 13223 13579 13938 14299 14661 15024 15390 15761 16136
Females 12422 12778 -17136 13498 13861 14225 14591 14957 15326 15698 .16075
Table12:REFUGEESINSUDAN1979-1989(Thousands) Year 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
Total 349 411 527 627 637 740 976 1164 1065 1143 944
Ethiopian 344 360 419 440 460 503 605 786 784 851 787
Ugandan 39 84 160 170 168 250 250 170 173 31
Chadian 7 20 22 2 64 116 123 106 114 121
Zairian 4 5 5 s 5 5
