ACADEMY PROCEEDINGS

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF PHILADELPHIA.

^s .75^

1861.

PHILADELPHIA:

PRINTED FOR THE ACADEMY.

18G2.

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 61

Notes on

new and

rarer species of Diatomacese ofthe United States Sea

Board.

BY

F.

W. LEWIS,

M. D.

The

present

comnmnication

contains brief notices of

some

oftherarer

and

hitherto undescribed species of Diatomaceseofthe United States Sea Board,

which

havefallen

under my

observationduring thelastthree years, together withalistofa fewofthe

more

characteristic

and

generallydistributed coastal species.

The

formstobedescribed aremostlysalt-water or brackish.

A

fewspecies, however,

known

asfr^sh-water will be noticed

where

these

have

been

found

domesticated alongwiththemarine.

Ihave endeavored,as faras possible, toavoid describing species unlessfrom perfect specimens; carefully rejecting all doubtful

and

imperfect forms.

Sourcesoferror arisingfromthe great variation insize, outline,

and

striation,

and

from theabsence of certain

and

positiveindioations

whereby

ihe sporan- gial

may

be detected

and

classifiedwith its typical variety, I

have

also en- deavoredtoguardagainst.

The

want,however,of several importantconsult- ing authoritiesonthis branchinthe

Academy's

Library, together with the not always satisfactorycharacter of the material furnishing the dataofthis paper, often consisting of

muds and mixed

gatherings,

must

be

my

^excusefor

any

errorsor inadvertencies

which may

befoundinitspages.

Among

thosetobedescribedwillbe introduced oneortwo doubtfulforms, probably sporangial, as

Amphiprora pulchra

Bailey,

and

extraordinary varietiesofSurirella ovata

and

Triceratium

alternans,

bothof

which

last are figured.

It isproposedtoconsiderthe species tobenoticed inthe following order;

1. ^{''^}Neu)species

and

sporangial forms.^^ 2. ^{^^}

Rare

species

and

species not hitherto noted asbelonging to this country." 3.

"

Species characteristicof^the Americancoast." 4. "Species of universaldistribution."

The

preciselocality

and

natureofthegatheringfrom

which

specimens

have

been derivedwillbeindicated, excepting

where

speciesare of general distribu- tion

and

very

abundant

along the coast, along with such other distinctive characters as

may

^{benecessaryfor}the definition of

new

ordoubtful species

;

and

asitis notintendedthat the

summary

shall presentacomplete

resume

of nativemarinespecies,

mention

of

many

forms

known

to

me

not referable to oneorotherofthe ;-bove four divisionswillbeomitted.

It

may

^{nothere be}out of placetoadd,thatthe resultof

my

limited investi- gationsconvinces

me

that a rich

and

unexploredfieldlies openin the United States forthose

whose

time

and

attention

may

hereafterbe directedto this branch ofmicroscopic research, abranch,

umil

very recently,comparatively neglectedinthiscountry. Perhapsareasonfor thisneglect

may

befoundin thegreat interest attachingtothelesslaborious studyofthe

numerous

fossil diatomaceousdeposits ofourcountry,

and

ofthe

new and

evervaryingguanos so frequently finding their

way

toour shores.

Without any

intention of un- dervaluing theimportanceofresearchesonfossilbotany,it

may

yet bedoubted

whether

results so satisfactory

and

importantto science are likelyto accrue, as

when

thelivingformsare the subject of study. Nothing certainly

would seem

so well calculatedto

dampen

the ardorof physiological inquiryas pro- longed

and

laboriousexaminationsof the

minute

detailof thesiliciousskele- tons of theseorganismswithoutreference

had

tothe

kind and manner

oflife

they onceinvested.

As an

additional

argument

infavor ofthestudyoflivingspeciesit

may

^here

be

mentioned

that

many

of thefossilformsarestilltobefoundas livingspe- ciesonthecoast, or

under

circumstanceswhich prove

them

tohave been^alive atno very remote period. It is not unusual to

meet

with

some

of these in the Delawaretidal

mud, and

astilllarger

number

aretobe foundintheblue

1861.]

62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP

clay (old a?stuary) depositimmediately underlyingit.

Among

theseafewofthe

most common

are, Eupodiscus

R

a Ifsii, E.

argus,

Coscinodiscus

gigas,

C.

ocul-iridis,

C.

centralis,

Triceratiumst

rio

1

atum,

T,

pu no

ta-

tum,

Actiniscus

sirius,

&c., Sceptroneis

caduceus,

occurs living

on

algae at Riviere

du

Loup, St.

Lawrence

river,

Goniothecium obtusum

at Black

Rock

Harbor,L. I.

The

importantquestion, too, ofthe influence of locality

on

the

growth and

develoijmentof species

no where

presents itself inso interesting a point of

view

asin this country.

The

largeextent of itssea board,

embracing

every variety of climate, tliecontinuous chainsof sestuaries

and

sounds along the entirelineofcoast,

and

the

many

rivers,large

and

small,traversingevery

kind

ofsoilfromthesouthernalluvialto the graniterangesof the northeast, offer

an

unsurpassedfieldforthestudyofthisinilaence.

Although

notabletopursue the subjectat this time, Icannot refrain

from

alludingtoafact

which

forcesitself

on

the

mind

at an early stage of thesein- vestigations, viz.: the great distancefromthe seaat

which marine

influences continueto

make

themselves felt. Philadelphiaissituatednearly a

hundred

milesfromthe ocean,

and

evenat the period of spring tides atleast fifteen milesabovethefaintest suspicionof brackishwater,

and

yetquite a

number

ofthe diatomsinthe Delawareat this point are purely marine,

and

astill larger

number

brackish.

The

agencyof migratoryfish, as the

shad and low swimming

sturgeon, in bringingaboutthisresult,isno doubt important, but willnot servetoexplain thepresenceof brackish

and marine

species in the ditches adjoiningCooper'sCreek, a tributary of theDelaware,

and

in

Fox Chase Run, some

tenmilesabovethiscity, at points not within tidal range.

The

old sestuarybedofthe Delaware(blue clay) before alluded to,

was

veryrich inthese forms,

and by

digging

down

a shortdistanceat

any

part of the

meadow

land borderingtheriver, theblueclay

which

contains

them may

be exposed.

An

idea

which

naturally suggestsitself

under

these circumstances as a solu- tion ofthis paradoxical difficultyis, that possibly the telluric impression of thesubjacentsoil

may

continueto

make

itself feltinthe

development

of spe- cies foralong periodafterthe othersurroundings

have

ceasedtobefavorable.

Atalleventsitneeds

some

other explanation than that ordinarily

had

re- courseto viz.tliehardihoodoftheselow forms oforganic life,

and

the agency of birds

and

fishtoaccountforthe

permanent

localization of

marine

species at pointsapparentlysounsuitedtotheir existence.

I.

New

species

and

Sporanrjial forms.

1.Triceratium

alternans,

BaiJetj.Sporanr/lal?

—

This

somewhat

doubtful form hassofewofthe characters of T.

alternans,

thatbutfor the occur- renceofintermediate varieties the proprietyof its referencetothat species

might seem

questionable.

The

structure ofthe valveisdistinctlycellular,in thesmallervarietiesindistinctlyso,

and

that of theobtuse processes faintly punctate.

The

largest pustules attainthe sizeof T.fav

u

s.

Hab. —

^{St.Mary'sriver,}Ga., in

scum

ofasalt

marsh.

2. Surirella

pulchra, n

sp. F.V. Linear narrow,often

somewhat

twisted.

V. Ovateorelliptical,alsedistinct, canalicali

numerous,

marginal inflated as inS. faSt

uo

sa, 6in-001, extendingforabouttwo-fifths of the distance to centre of valve, central portion

smooth

circumscribed

on

either side

by

a coarsely striated arcuate

band

with harshlydefined edges,

and

connected with

its fellow atashort distancefromthe

end

ofthevalve. Immediatelyexterior to thesebands,

and

separating

them

fromthe inner terminationof the canali- culithroughoutthe entire length of the valve,isacorresponding only

some- what

narrowerarcuate

smooth

space.

Length

ofvalve -005to -009. PI.

L

I 1.

Thisverybeautiful form, evidentlyalliedtoS.

fastuosa and

S.e

x

i

m

ⁱa, Mic. Journ.,difi'ersfrom boihinthe greater

number

ofits canaliculi

and

the presenceofthe striatedbands. Inthisrespectitcloselyresemblesthe species

nexttobedescribed.

[March

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. ₆₃

Hah.

—

St.Mary'sriver, Ga., salt

marsh and

intidal

mud.

Wliarf atFer- nandina, Florida, tidal deposit. Pierat St. Augustine, Florida. Rare.

3. Surirella

F

eb ig erii, n. sp. F. V.

As

in last described. V. Ellipti- cal tolinearovate, sometimes broadly sphenoid,alaeinconspicuous,canaliculi

6a 7 in -001, straight or slightlyconvex, linear, reachingfrom the

margin

to astriatedarcuate

band

situated relativelytothe valvesas inthe preceding.

Interspaces of the canaliculi strongly punctate. Central i^ortion similar in outlinetothatof S.or

n

ata, elevatedabove the surface of the valve

and

coarselystriate.

Length

ofvalve •006 a-OlO.

PL L

f.2,

The

striking similarity in outline

and number

of canaliculi of this to the lastdescribedspecies, togetherwiththecorrespondence inbothofthearcuate striated bands, at firstled

me

toregardtheseformsasmerelydiflerentaspects ofthe

same

frustule(valve) ; butaftercarefulexaminationofseveraldetached valves,

by

reversing the slides

and

other manipulations,I

am

led tocon- cludethat they belongtodifferentspecies.

Both

areverystriking

and showy

forms,

more

particularly thelast,

whose

strongly

marked

intercostal puncta,

and

thegenerallyornate character ofitsvalve,

make

ita singularly beautifalmi- croscopicobject. S.

Febigeriiis

pretty generally,butnotabundantly,dis- tributedalongthe Atlantic coast.

The

first specimens were detected

by me two

years ago iir

mud

dredgedfrom

New London

Harbor, sent

me by

Mr. Fe- biger, ofWilmington, Del.,inhonorof

which

careful

and

industriousobserver I

have named

thespecies.

Hah.

— New London Harbor mud,

St.

Mary

river,

mud

fromoysters.

Wharf

atFernandina,

and more

recentlyat

Cape May

salt marshes,

by

Mr.Febiger.

From

itswide rangeoflocalityitwilldoubtless provea

common

form on the coast.

4. Surirella o

v

ata, Kutz, Sporangial?

PL L

f.3. Thisvarietyisnot

un- common"

insalt

marshes

along the Jerseycoast,although specimens ofthe size figuredai'everyrare.

A

comparison with the typical species will

show

considerable points ofdifference, butthese

become

less infrustules

which

ap- proximateto the

normal

size,although never altogether lost. It is perhaps entitledto rankasa variety of S. o vata.

Length

ofvalve '0009 a "0050.

5.

Cymatopleura m

ari

n

a, n. sp. F. V. Linear, slightlyinflatedends

more

orlesstruncate. V. Lanceolate, veryacute, undulations from 6 to 13. Sur- face of valve irregularlypunctate.

Length

ofvalve -0007 a-OO.

PL L

f.4.

Thisinconspicuous littleform,although notyetfoundinquantity, occurs at variouspointsalong

Long

IslandSound.

As

far asis

known

to the writerit istheonly

marine

species.

Hab.

— On

algae at

New

London,

New Haven and

Black

Rock

Harbors. East river(Mr. Febiger), in

mud.

6.

Amphiprora conse

rt a, n, sp. Frustules adherentincurved bandsof- tentothe

number

of12ormore. Frustule straight,

membranaceous.

F. V.

Linearoblong, slightly dilated. Keelor ala central or subceutral, constricted, costate,spathulateatextremities. V. Lanceolateor lanceolatewithi^roduced extremities.

PL

^I.f.6.

The

great variationinsize,outline

and

general configuration of the frustules ofthisspecies, togetherwiththefactoftheirbeing so imperfectlysiliciuusthat aboiling in

weak

acid eitherdistortsor entirelydestroys the specimen, ren- dersitnotimprobablethatthis

may

beanearlydevelopmentalform,although of

what known

species, ifany,

would

bedifficulttosay.

A smooth and

very diaphanousvariety of A.

p

a1

u

dosa occurs in the

same

gathering.

The "plates"

alludedto

by

thelateProf.Gregory (Marine Diatomaceaeof Clyde,) as characterizing A.

lepidoptera, and

others of thegenus, are strongly

marked

inthis species,

and

serve as a pointofattachmentbetweenthe variousfrustules. Arisingfrom the surfaceof the valveata short distance fromitsextremity,

they

arebroadly

convex and

incline

somewhat

outwards.

1861.]

64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

By

tliecentral portion ofthe outer aspect or

margin

oftheseplates, eaohfrus- tuleisunitedto the adjoiningone on both sides, the keels oralseof allthree overlappingfor aboutonehalf their breadth.

A

nearly perfect circleis thus oftenformed

by

aunionoffrom 8to 12frustules. I

am

not

aware

of

any

des- cription heretofore givenof the union of the frustules of

Ampbiprora

into

bands

or otherwise. Inconsequence ofthisarrangement,

an end

viewofthe frustulecanreadilybeobtained.

Hab. — ^{On marine}

^algae

^(ceramium)

^offLight

^House

^Rocks,

New London,

abundant.

The

bandsoffrustulesare often

moulded around

the smallerstems ofRhodospermeae.

7.

Ampbiprora Nereis,

n. sp. Frustuleusuallytwisted,hyaline, veryin- conspicuous. F.V. Ellipticalwith

rounded

ends, constriction of keel or ala verydeep. V. Striated, strise from 50 a60in -OOl, extending to

margin

of ala.

Supplementary

plates? crenulate or undulating, atthe

margin

appear- ing as

though

perforatedwith small puncta.

Length

ofvalve'002a•0045.

Hah. — On

algse

(Dasya

e1eg ans)fromabrackishlakeat Narragansett.

Thisbeautiful

and

delicate little formI

have

found onlyat Narragansett.

Itsvery smallsize,

and

faint

markings make

itsoinconspicuous

an

object thata l-12th inchisrequirednotonlytodefinebut eventodetectthe

balsamed

speci-

mens on

amoderately

crowded

slide.

The

only indication of

marking

arrest- ingthe eye,isthelinesofpunctaordotsseen in PI.I.f.6. TheseIatfirstsup- posed

were

portions of the ala,but after

examining

several specimens

and

fragmentsofbrokenvalvesitseems

more

probableto

me

thatthey form sup- plementaryplates, arisingfrom thealaatornear itsjunction

with

the

body

of the frustule,

and

occupyingthe

same

planeastheformer.

This

Ampbiprora most

nearly resembles A.

ornata

Baileij, in size

and

markings.

Many

ofthe frustulespresentagoo1deal oftherectangularity of thatspecies,butinotherrespectswidelydiiferfromit.

8. Navicula

m ar

g

in

ata, n.sp. F. V. Oblong, slightly constricted, with

rounded

ends. V. Panduriform deeply

and

abruptly constricted.

Segments

lanceolatewith subacuteextremities. Surfaceof valve very convex,striate, strise moniliform,distinct, about 28 in-OOl.

Margin

of valvebordered

by

a series of

numerous

small

and

beautifully distinct arches, apparently

due

to the absenceor depressionof the outer silicious plate, 6in '001.

Length

of valve 005to .006. PI. II.f. 1.

The

only

two

specimens of this beautiful diatomyet found

by me, were

derived, theonefrom Black

Rock

Harbor, (Light

House

Point,)onthe roots ofharbor grass;theother,

an

imperfect frustule, from the blueclay of the old Delawareestuary,(fossil).

The

former

was

a perfect frustule,

and

has furnished the drawings. It is verylikelythat this will hereafter prove a widelydistributed speciesonthecoast,

from

the fact of its occurrencewith recent

and

fossilatpoints soremote from eachother.

The

characteristic ornate bordeV

and

the peculiar striation serve to dis- tinguishitfrom

any

ofthepanduriformspeciesyet figured or described.

Hah.

—

Blueclay, Delawareriver, (fossil). Light

House

Point, Black

Rock

Harbor.

On

algse.

8. Navicula,n. sp.? or

sporangium ofN. rhomboides? orN. fossilis

Ehr.

—

^F.V. Linearslightly inflated. V.

Lance

elliptic,striate;striseparallel, veryclear

and

sharp, 50 a60 in "001;centralline,togetherwithnodules,very prominent. Lengthofvalve '004to -013. PI. II.f. 3.

Thislargehyalinespeciesoccurs insalt

and

brackishlocalities. It isfoundin theSt. Mary'sriver,within

two

miles of the ocean,

and

onthe

Savannah

river, belowthecity. Triceratium f

avus

is foundliving in the

same

localities. In

many

of itscharacters it is nearly allied to N.

rhomboides and

cras - si

n

erVia,

more

particularly to Var.13, of the first

named,

and, perhaps, notwithstanding its marine habitat, ought to be regarded as a sporangial variety ofoneorother of these species.

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 65

Hah.

— Mud

fromoysters, St.Mary's river,Ga. Tidal

mud

from

Savannah

river.

Marsh

atFernandina, Florida. Rare.

10. Navicula

P

o

w

^{e1 ii, n.sp.}

—

V. Linear, sharply attenuatedatsubacute extremities, striated^;striaecostate, interruptedabouttheirmiddle

by

a

blank

linerunning from

end

to

end

of thevalve; centralnodule surrounded

by

a largelozenge-shaped

blank

space,reachingtotheblanklineasabove.

Length

ofvalve -004a-006. PI. II.f. 6.

This speciesisallied toNavicula

lineata

Donhin,M.\(i.Jour.,instriation, but notingeneral characters.

Hab. —

Black

Rock

Harbor,

on

algse

and on mud.

Rare.

11. Mastogloia

angulata,

n. sp.

—

F.V. Oblong,truncate. V. Elliptical extremities slightly produced; loculi from8to12; striae36a40in -OOl, re- semblingthose ofPleurosigma

angulatum. Length

ofvalve"0014a'OOSS.

PI.II.f.4

Thisspeciescannot beconfounded with Mastogloia

apiculata,

from

which

it differsinits

more

broadlyelliptical shape,the smaller

number

ofitsloculi

and

theangularcharacter of its striation. These specific characters are

un-

varying.

Hab.

— ^On

^{algae,from rocksoff}

^New

Rochelle, Bannister's creek.

Rockaway

tidal

mud.

StoningtonInlet, on harborgrass,alongwith

M. apiculata and

M.

lanceolata.

Salt

marshes

atAtlantic,N. Jersey. Salt

marshes

at

Cape May. Common.

12. Mastogloia

exigua,

n. sp.

— ^V.

^{Lanceolateelliptic;}extremitiessome- timesalittle produced; loculi 2to 5,

(commonly

trilocular,)arched on the centralaspect; striaeobscure.

Length

offrustule "0005 a-OOl. PI. II. f. 5.

Hab.

— Marsh scum

of St. Sebastian river, St. Augustine,Florida. Pier at St.Augustine.

Fernandina

pier, coast of

New

Jersey.

Thisspeciesoccurs quiteabundantlyat theabovelocalities. Itsdistinguish- ing peculiarityisthesmall

number and

curvedoutline oftheloculi.

II.

Rare and

hitherto, in this country, unnotedspecies.

1. Cocconeis

oceanica

Ehr.

—

V. Broadlyelliptical,

somewhat

largerthan the variety figured in "Bacillarien."

Hab. —

Tidalrocks off

New

Rochelle, L.I.

New London and

Bridgeport, attachedtoalgae

and

sertularia.

Common.

2. Epithemia

constricta W.Smith. —

^fia6.

Mud

fromSt.Sebastianriver, St.Augustine, Florida.

Common.

L.I. Sound.

3. Eupodiscus

Ralfsii W.

Stnith.

—

Hab.

Mud

fromBlack

Rock

Harbor.

Bush

river, Del.,Mr.Febiger. Ricefield

mud,

Savannah. St. Mary'sriver, Ga.

Common,

but not abundant.

4. Actinophenia

splendens

Shadbolt.

—

Hab. Delaware river

mud.

St.

Mary'smarsh, Ga. Rare.

5. Arachnoidiscus

Ehrenbergii

Bailey.

—

Hab.

Long

Beach,

San

Fran- cisco,Cal.,

on

algae,alongwith Hyalodiscus

Californicus.

Rare.

6. Triceratium

undulatum W.Smith. —

Hab. Delawareriver

mud.

St.

Mary'sriver, Ga.,marsh. Rare.

7. Triceratium

striolatum

^Ehr.

— Hab.

St.Mary'sriver, Ga. Ricefield

mud,

Savannah.

8. Triceratium

pentacrlnus

Wallich.

—

Hab. Ricefield

mud, Savannah.

DredgingsoffFlorida. U.S. Coast Survey. St. Mary's river. Rare.

The 4 and

5-sided varieties aretheonly onesI

have met

with.

9. Campylodiscus

costatus

^Ehr.

— Hab.

Delawareriver

mud.

Rare.

1861.] 5

QQ PKOCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

10. Campylodiscug

parvulua W.

Smith.

— Eab. On marine

algse

from

Newport, R.I., S.Powel.

New ^London

harbor

mud.

St.Augustine,Florida.

The

valves

on

the

American

variety, as far as

met

with, always

have

the valves at right angles toeachother. Rare.

11. Campylodiscus

Ralfsii W.

Smith.

—

Hab. Black

Rock Harbor mud.

Connecticutriver

mud.

Rare.

12. Campylodiscus

Hodgsonii W.

Smith.

— Hab. Mud from Savannah

river. Rare.

13. Campylodiscus

spiralis W.Smith. — Hab.

Ogeecheeriver,Ga. Savan-

nah

river. This freshwaterspeciesobtrudes

on

the abovelocalities, also

on

the blueclay,

Delaware

river.

14. Surirella

fastuosa

Ehr.

— Hab.

Entire coast,

on

algas

and on mud.

Common, and

presentinga greatrangeofoutline

and

size.

15. Surirellac

ration

la Ehr.

—

Hab.

Delaware

river

mud.

Rice field

mud, Savannah.

16. Nitzschia

bilobata W.

Smith.

—

Hub. Bridgeport,Conn.,harbor;ad- herenttoroots ofharborgrass.

Very

rare.

17. Nitzschia

closterium W.

Smith.

—

Hab. Marshes near Port Penn, Del.

On

algseat Stonington,Conn. Rare.

18. Nitzschia

spathulata W.

^Smith

=

^{1:^.}

hyalina

(^Gregory.)

— Hab.

Salt

marshes

alongthe railroadatAtlantic, N.J. Saltmarsh,

Cape May,

Mr.

Febiger.

The American

varietyissmaller than theforeign.

19. Nitzschia

panduriformis

Gregory.

— Hab.

St. Mary's river,

mud from

oysters. Rare.

Thisbeautiful species varies agood deal in size

and somewhat

in outline.

The

smaller specimens, but for the greater sharpness

and

coarseness ofthe

striae,

and

the

prominence

ofthe puncta,

might

be confoundedwith thelarger frustules of Tryblionella

constricta.

20. Nitzschia r e

v

ersa

W.

Smith.

— _Hab.

_St.George's Marsh, near Port Penn, Del. Marshes near Wilmington, Mr.Febiger. Rare.

21. Nitzschia

amphioxys W.

Smith.

— Hab. Delaware

river

mud, marshes

near

Delaware

City, Mr.Febiger.

22. Nitzschia

angularis W,

Smith.

— Hab.

Delaware river

mud. Mud from

Bannister's creek,

Rockaway,

L.I.

23.

Amphiprora paludosa W.

Smith.

—

Hab.

On

algse at Stonington In- let, L. I.

Wilmington

marshes, Del., Mr.Febiger.

Common.

Severalvarieties of thisspecies are found, inone of

which

the

markings on

the keelare entirelywanting. Atlanticsaltmarshes.

24. Navicula

trinodis W.

Smith.

—

Hab. Large rivers

and

brackish

and

fresh water

marshes

along the entire Atlantic coast.

At Noriham's

Pond, brackish,Newport, R. I.,Mr. Powel.

Very

abundant.

Thisspeciesanswersso fully tothedescription

ofN. trinodis

Smith, that their identitycanscarcelybequestioned.

A

^southernvariety

from

St.Mary's river attains a

much

largersize,

and

theendsareoftenconsiderablyproduced.

N.

trinodis

isa

common

rice field species.

The common

variety inthis countryis

shewn

inPI. II.f. 6.

25. Navicula

Jennerii W.

Smith.

—

Hab. St. Sebastianriver, St.

Augus-

tine, Florida; in

mud.

Rare.

fMarch,

NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 67

26. Navicula

convexa W.

Smith.

—

Hab.

New London

harbor

mud.

Rare.

27. Navicula

liumerosa

Brebisson.

—

Hab.

Saguenay

river,

on

algae.

Long

Beach, N.J.,

on

algse. L.I.Sound, algae.

Common.

28. Navicula

Hennedyi W.

Smith.

—

_Hab. Delaware river, Kaighn's Point. Blueclay, fossil,Delawareriver.

New

London, Conn., harbor

mud.

29. Navicula

trochus

Ehr.

—

Hab. Blue clay, fossil, Delaware river.

Very

^rare.

30. Navicula

truncata

Donkin.

— Hab. Long

Beach, N. J.

New

Lon- don, L.I.;algae,&c.

31. Navicula

mi nut ul

a

W.

Smith.

—

Hab. Brackish

marshes

at

Absecom

Inlet,N. J.

Cape

May, saltmarsh.

Not uncommon.

Differsinhabitat

and

shape,

which

is

more

pointedlyelliptic,butagrees in striation

and

allother respects withthe figure inSmith'sSynopsis.

32. Pinnularia

long

a

Gregory.—

Hab. Providence, Fall river,

on

algae.

Newport, R.I.,

on

algae. Rare.

33. Pinnularia

polyonca

Brebisson.

— Hab. Very

generalalongthe coastaJ ponds

and

rivers. Northam's Pond, along with Navicula

trinodis.

Ogee- chee

and Savannah

rivers,

on

algae. Delawareriver.

On mud

from Cooper's creek, N.J.,

and Duck

creek, Del.

Our

native variety often attains alength of'005.

The

figurein Mic.Journ.,vol.2, pi,iv., conveying a very pooridea of thesize

and

general characters of P.

polyonca,

a representation of a

fullsizedspecimen willbe foundinPI. IL f. 7.

34. Pleurosigma

mac rum W.

Smith.

—

Hab. Brackish

marshes

at Wil- mington, Del.,Mr.Febiger. Rare.

35. Pleurosigma

b

sc

u

r

u m W.Smith. — Hab

Brackish

marshes

atDela- wareCity, PortPenn. MarshesofDelawareCity, Mr.Febiger. Rare.

36. Pleurosigma

intermedium W.

Smith.

—

Hab.

New

Rochelle,

on

algae.

Dredged

fromsea at

New

London.

Very abundant

in thislocality,but notelsewhere.

37. Pleurosigma

rigidum W.

Smith.

— Hab. New

Rochelle,

on

algae;

alongwith Pleurosigma

intermedium

^at

New

London. Rare.

38. Pleurosigma

delicatulum W.

Smith.

—

Hab. Delawareriver. Rare.

39.

Licmophora splendida

Ehr.

—

Hab.

Rocks

off

Newport

harbor,

on

algae,Mr. Powel.

Common.

40. Podosphenia

Baileyi,

n.sp., Edwards.

—

F.V. Broadlycuneate, trun- cate, sessile

end

oftenproduced. V. Obovate, orsuborbicular; thelowerex- tremityprolongedinto averyacute point, striated; striae about55 in'OOl.

Hab.

— Long

IslandSound,

on

algae.

At

Stonington.

New

London. Black rock.

Long

Beach, N.J.,

on

algae.

Common.

PI. II. f. 8.

Thisispossibly the species alluded to

by

Mr. Edwards,in his paper

on American

Diatomaceae, Mic. Journ.,althoughin

my

specimens the presenceof vittaeissuf&cientlyobvious. In thisearlystage the frustules are imperfctly silicious

and

possess short stipes,butasthe

growth

of the individual pro- gresses these

become

absorbed, until finally, asin?:others of thegenus,they appear simplysessile.

Sincewriting the above,

my

friend Mr.

Edwards

has informed

me

^ofthe identityof thisspecieswithhis P.

Baileyi,

(manuscript.)

41.

Gomphonema m

ari

n u m

^.

—

Hab.

New Haven

harbor

mud.

Bannister's creek,

Rockaway mud, and New

Rochelle,

on

algae.

Not uncommon.

1861.]

68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

42.

Eucampia

zo

d

iac

u

s Ehr.

— Eah. Dredged by

Mr. Powel, offrockat Newport, R.I. Rare.

43.

Rhabdonema minutum

^Kiitzing.

— Hah.

Narragansettrock, onalgae.

Newport

harbor,onalgje, Mr. Powel. Stoningtonrocks,

on

algse.

44.

Cymbosira A

gar

d

li ii Kiitzing.

— Hah. Rock

off

New

Rochelle. Ston- ingtonInlet.

45. Tessella

interrupta

^Kiitzing.

— Hah.

Offrocksat

New

Roclielle,

on

algse.

46. Amphitetras

antediluviana

Ehr.

— Hah. Mud

from Black

Rock

Harbor, along with Var./?.

On

algsefrom

New

Rochelle.

Mud from

St.Mary's river. Ricefield, Savannah,

mud.

47.Biddulphia^t

u

rgⁱ

d

a^.

—

Hab.

St.Mary'sriver,

on

algse. St.Augustine's

Quay,

Florida.

48.Isthmia

nervosa

^Kiitzing.

— Hah.

Riviere

du

Loup,St.

Lawrence

river,

on

algse. L.I. Sound, fragments.

Very

rare.

49.Bacteriastrumf

u

reat

u m

Shadholt.

— Hah. Mud

fromSt.Mary'sriver, Ga., alsoonalgse. St. Sebastian'sriver,

on

algse. Fernandina,Florida. Rice field

mud. Savannah

^river.

Var./?.

— Without

thebifurcatearrangementattheextremities.

50. Bacteriastrum

cnrvatum

Shadholt.

— Hah. Same

localitiesasabove.

Detected

by

Mr. Febigerin

some mud

brought

by me from

St. Mary's river, marsh.

51. Asterionella

Bleakleyi W.

Smith.

— Hah.

St. Mary'sriver,

on

algse.

Fernandina

wharf. Ogeechee canal.

Savannah

rice field

mud, Savannah.

Thisspeciesoccurs ingreatest

abundance

at St.Mary's,Ga. Itdiffersslightly from the specimens figured in Mic. Journ., in the outline of the valve,

which

is

more

slender inthe

American

variety,

and

also less inflated atthe base. I

am

of opinionthat the

normal number

of frustulesisfour,

which may

beincreased to eight

by

subdivision,butin thislattercase the persist- enceoftheseisofshort duration,

two

separate aggregations of four eachre- sulting, thisbeing thelargest

number

capableofcoheringperfectly.

A

group of four individualsundergoing subdivisionis

shown

inPI.II.f.9,fromrice field

mud.

It

may

here be

mentioned

that Asterionella

formosa and

A.

Ralfsii?

are occasionally

met

within freshwaterlocalitiesinthiscountry.

At

a

pond on

Longacoming, N.J., Mr.

Powel made

a gathering, containing both these forms, alongwitha third,

which

differsso entirelyfromthe described species, asto entitleitto

rank

as a distinct one.

The

valves are only about three times aslong as broad,

somewhat

contracted in the centre.

The

striae are indeterminate. Asterionella

formosa

occurs in the Delaware river,blue clay; also in

mud

from Cooper's creek.

Diatoma stellaris

of Bailey, is

no

doubt referable to this genus.

52.

Plagiogramma Gregorianum

Greville.

— Hah.

Entire Atlanticcoast, L.I.Sound.

At

Black

Rock

Harbor,in

mud and

onalgse.

New ^London mud.

New

Haven, Conn.

Chesapeake Bay

oysters. Rice field

mud, Savannah.

Never

in greatquantity.

The

frustules ofthis

somewhat

doubtful

genus

vary very

much

in outline

and

thevittseare often absent.

53.

Plagiogramma tesselatum

Greville.—

Hab.

Black

Rock

Harbor, in

mud. Very

rare.

Only

a single perfect frustulehasbeenfound

by me.

54.Podosira

Montagnei

Kiitzing.

—Hab. Newport

rocks, dredged

by

Mr.

Powel.

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 69

55. Podosira

m

ac

u

1ata

W.

Smith.

—

Rab. Coastof Florida,

on

algje. Rare.

DelaTvare river

mud,

alsorare. Bush, river, Del., Mr.Febiger.

56. Creswelliaferox^.

—

Rab.

Black

Rock Harbor mud.

Bannister's creek,

'

Rockaway mud. Wilmington

marshes, Mr. Febiger.

Only

detachedfrustules

have

heretofore been found, butthese were suffi- ciently characteristictodeterminethe species.

57. Mastogloia

apiculata W.

Smith.

—

Hab.

Mud

fromBannister's creek,

Rockaway.

Stonington Inlet,

on

algae, along with

M. angulata and M.

lanceolata. New

Rochellerocks.

58. Mastogloia

lanceolata W.

Smith.

— Rab.

Stonington Inlet, with above.

III. Speciescharacteristicof^the Americancoast.

1.Eupodiscus

radiatus

Bailey.

— Rab.

Rivers

and

sestuariesfrom Charles- ton to

Key

West.

Savannah

rice field

mud. Common.

St. Mary's river

mud, and

at Fernandina, Florida.

Common

intidal

mud

; alsoinalgre

from

pier atSt. Augustine's.

2. Auliscus

pruinosus

Bailey.

—

Rab.

Long

Island, atBlack Rock.

3. Auliscus

punctatus

Bailey.

—

Rab. Ricefield

mud. Savannah

river.

Rare.

4. Auliscus

radiatus

Bailey.

—

Hab. Fossil atKaighn'sPoint, N. J.,

on

blueclay. Rare. Bannister's creek,

Rockaway,

L. I.

New London

harbor, dredged.

5. Auliscus

ccelatus

Bailey.

— Rab. Mud

from

New London

harbor. Dela-

ware

river

mud.

Rare.

A

varietyofA.

pruinosus, having

three processes,occurs in

Savannah

river

mud.

Allthese speciesvary

much

in their markings,

and

occasionally sonearlyapproach eachother in general character, as to

make

itvery doubt- ful

whether

they oughttobekeptapart.

6. Stephanodiscus

Niagara

Ehr.

— _Rab.

_Riviere

_du

_{Loup, St.}

_Lawrence

river, onalgae.

New

Rochellerocks,

on

algse.

Thisfreshwaterspeciesisquite

common

inour northern lakes

and

rivers, butasa

marine

formisrarely

met

with. Itattains a largesizein

Lake Mem- phremagog,

Canada,

and

inonelocality.Skinner'sIsland, a

remarkably

fine variety occurs.

When marine

orbrackishinitshabitatitundergoesa

marked

diminutioninsize,preserving, however, the characteristic spines

and

other specificdistinctions. InKlitzing's description, (Speciesahjarum,)it is

spoken

of as having a non-radiate granularcentre, but in all the specimens

which have

fallen

under my

^{notice, this}characterhasbeen wanting,

and

the centre bothradiate

and

granular. It is difficult to understand

how

this very well

marked

speciescould ever

have

been referred to

any

of the

known

species of Cyclotella.

V. Hyalodiscus

subtilis

Bailey.

—

Hab. Atlanticcoast.

Very

rare.

San

Francisco.

On

algsefrom

Long

Beach.

Abundant, and

oflargesize.

Idthis lattergathering

some

ofthefrustulesattainedthe largesize of '009 in diameter.

The

F.V. isvery

narrow and

linear,

and

the

endochrome

ofa deepgrassgreencolor, driesinbands usuallyaffectingthe curvilinear course ofthestriae. Intherecent

and

unboiled frustules the central granulardisc isnotperceptible. H.

subtilis

isusually found

on

the axils ofbranching algse, oradherent

by

a portionofitscircumferencetotheirstems.

8. Surirella

limosa

Bailey.

— Rab.

Northern Atlantic coast

and

rivers.

Common.

L.I. Sound, at

Rockaway, mud

fromcreek.

Delaware

river.

Bush

1861.]

70 TROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF

river,in

mud. Duck

creek, Del.,

mud.

Rice field

mud. Savannah

river.

The

variety

most commonly met

withis

more

broadlyovate

than

that figured in Mic. Journ., vol. viii.,

and

has a wide,

smooth

intercostalor

more

proper- ly acostal spaceatthelarger

end

ofthe valve.

9.

Amphiprora pulchra

Bailey. SporangialofA.

alata? —

_Hah. Entire Atlanticcoast, mostlyinstillorstagnantsaltditches or streams. It

may

be observed of this species or variety,that in

American

localities it

outnum-

bers thesupposedtypicalform, A.

alata, and more than

onceI

have

found

itin

marshes where

nota single frustule of A.

alata

has ever

been

seen

by me.

In thesaltditches along theAtlantic, N.J., railroad, A.

pulchra

is

a very

common

form, thefrustules ranginginsize

from

that ofA. a¹atato thelargestdimensionsheretofore seen in the former variety,

and

yet these smallerfrustules

have

allthe coarseness of striation

and

distinctive peculiari- ties ofthe largest.

The same

holds

good

at another locality, Bannister's creek,

Rockaway,

where,as well as at

Absecom,

A.

alata

^is very

seldom met

with. While,therefore, it

must

be

acknowledged

that a certaingeneral resemblance,

amounting

almostto identityof species, exists

between

the two,

it

might

bewell, inviewofthe abovefacts, toregardA.

pulchra

asa fixed variety ofA.

alata, and

notitssporangium.

10. Navicula

p

er

m

ag

n

a^rtz7e_y. Pinnularia

per m agn

a5a«7ej/.

—

Hab.

In

most

of ourlarge Atlantic rivers

and

brackish marehes.

At Cape May,

salt

marsh

near ColdSpring, abundant.

A

variety, illustrating the great rangeofoutline in this species,isseeninPI.II.f.11. Thisisprobablythe

Na-

vicula es

X

of KUtzing. It is

more common on

the

Delaware

river

and

its tributaries thanthat figured

by

Bailey. Thisform

may

be found exhibiting every rangeof outline

between

the

two

extremes.

The

striation

and

length ofthe frustuleremains unaltered, however.

11.

Synedra undulata

Bailey.

— Hab. Long

Island Sound.

On

algfe

from Newport

harbor, Mr. Powel, veryfine

and

large. Occurs in rice field earth,

Savannah

river.

12.

Tetragramma am ericana 5a«7e^=

(Terpsinoe

am er icana) — Hab.

Atlantic coast ofU.S. L.I.Sound, at

New Haven.

Black rock

and

Stoning- ton, in

mud.

St. Mary'sriver,Ga.,marsh.

Delaware

river,

and

at Bailey's locality, St.Sebastian'sriver, Florida.

Although

awidelydistributed species, I

have

notfounditin

any

abundance, exceptatthelast

named

locality. Like Terpsinoe

musicaitisa

brackishform,althoughoftenfoundin freshwater streams.

13. Terpsinoe

musica

^Ehr.

— Hab.

Southerncoast,

most some

distance

up

tidalrivers. Ricefield

mud. Savannah.

St. Mary'sriver,Ga. Blueclay of

Delaware

river.

Very

rare.

14.Podocystis

americana Bailey^'?, adriatica?) — Hab.

L.I.Sound.

Light

House

Point, Black

Rock

harbor,

on

algse.

IV. Speciesofuniversaldistribution alongthe coast.

Eplthemia

musculus.

Cocconeis

scutellum.

Cosoinodiscus s

u

bti1 is.

radiatus.

eccentricus.

oculus-iridis.

Eupodiscus arg

u

s.

sculptus.

Triceratiumfav

u

s

.

al

tern an

s.

Triceratium

punctatum.

Cyclotella

Kiitzingiana.

r

otula.

operculat

a.

Surirella

fastuosa.

gemma,

striat ula.

oV

ata

.

sali na.

a

n

_g

u

s ta

.

[March,

NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. ₇₁

Tryblionella

acuminata, punctata, scu

te1

lu m

^.

Synedraf

u

1ge

n

s.

tabulata.

gracilis,

af

finis

.

Nitzschiasig

m

a

.

biros

t

rat

a

.

dub

ⁱa.

plana, scalaris.

obtusa.

Amphiprora

a1ata

.

lep idoptera,

Navicula fir

ma.

liber,

t

u m

^e

ⁿ

^s.

didy ma.

lyra.

punctulata.

S

m

it

h

ii

.

cuspidata.

amphisbcena.

Pinnularia

peregrina.

cyprinus.

Stauroneis

pulchella

.

salina.

Pleurosigma

formosum.

elongatum.

angu latum.

Bal

t

icum.

Pleurosigma fascio1a

.

liippocampus.

Dorypbora amphiceros.

B

⁰³

ck

ii.

Podosphenia

Ehrenbergii.

Lyng byi.

Rhipidophora

paradoxa.

elongata?

Acbnanthes

1o

n

_gi

p

es.

brevipes.

subsessilis.

Rhabdonema adriaticum.

arcuatum.

Striatella

unipunctata.

Grammatophora marina.

serpentina subtilis.

Biddulpliia

pulchella.

rhombus,

a

u

rita.

B

ail

ey

i .

Podosira

hormoides.

Melosira

nummuloides.

B or

r

er

i .

Orthosira

marina.

Mastogloia S

m

ⁱt

h

ii .

Berkleya

fragilis.

CoUetoiiema e

x

i

m

ⁱ

u m

.

Schizonema cruciger.

S

m

it

h

ii .

Homeocladia filiformis.

F. v.,seen obliquelyto Refeeexces to Plates.

PlateI.

1. Surirella

p u

1clira,n.sp.

2.

F ebi ge

rii,n. sp.

3. oV ata (sporangial).

4.

Cymatopleura marina,

^n.sp. a,

V.

b, F.

5.

Amphiprora conserta,

n. sp. a, F.

V.

b.

shew

theplates, e, V. d,

end

viewof several frustules inunion.

6.

Amphiprora N

e r eis, n.sp. a, F.V. b,

V.X800.

Plate

IL

1. Navicula

mar

^gin

at

a,n. sp. a, F.V. b,

V.

2.

Po we

li,n. sp.

3. ?n.sp.

4. Mastogloia a

n

g

u

1ata, n.sp.

5.

exigua,

n. sp. a,V. b,F.V.

x^OO.

6. Navicula tri

no

dis. a,V. b,varietyfromSt.Mary'sRiver, c,F.V.

7. Pinnularia (Navicula)

polyonca.

8.

Podosphenia Bailey

i. a, F.V. ^b, V.

9. Asterionella

Bleakleyi.

10. Asterionella? .

From same

localityasA.

formo

sa

—

^Long-a-

coming, N.J.

11. Navicula

permagna.

Var.

[Where

not otherwise specified, the magnifying

power

used has been 500 diameters.]

1861.]