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خطاب الهامش: فرانز فانون نموذجا

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203

ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ :

ﺎﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺯﻨﺍﺭﻓ

ﺃ.

ﺔﻠﻴﻤﺠ ﻥﺸﻭﻠﻋ

ﻭﺯﻭ ﻱﺯﻴﺘ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ -

ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ

لﺎﺴﺭﻹﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ :

17 - 05 - 208 لﻭﺒﻘﻟﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ

: 27 - 07 - 2018 ﺭﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ

: 01 - 02 - 2019

ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺒ ﺹﹼﺨﻠﻤﻟﺍ :

ﻲﻗﺎﺒ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻫﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﹸﺘﻟ ﺹﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﺎﻁﺨ ﻕﻠﺨ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻴﻭﻫ ّلﻜ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺘ

ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ،ﻲﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺡﺭﻁﻭ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺯﻤﺭ ّلﻜ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﺘ ﺍﺫﻟ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﻬﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻉﺎﻀﻭﻷﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺇ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻟﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻊﻀﻭﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻙﻟﺫ ﻥﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻴﻟ ﺏﺭﻐﻟﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠ

"

ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ "

لﺒﺎﻘﻤ "

ﺔﻴﺸﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ "

ﺎﻬﻠﹼﺜﻤﻴ

ﻥﻭﻟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻗﺭﻌﻟﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻟﺍ لﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻟﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ لﺨﺩﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺙﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻡﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺱﺴﺄﺘ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺸﺒﻟﺍ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺯﻨﺍﺭﻓ "

ﺔﻴﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻟﺍ ﺱﺴﺅﻤ ﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﺎﻴﹼﻔﻘﺘﻤ "

ﺭﺯﻴﺴ "

ﻥﻜﻟ

،ﺏﺤﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﻴﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺯﹼﻜﺭﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻊﻓﺍﺩ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻬﺠﻭ ﺕﺭﻴﻐﺘﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺎﻋﺭﺴ

،ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﺭﺼﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺩﻴﺇ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﻟﺍﻭ

ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻟ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻊﻓﺍﺩﻟﺍ ﻲﻔﺘﺨﻴﺴ "

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﺭﻤﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺸﺘﻜﻨ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﹼﺜﻟﺎﺒ ﻪﻜﺎﻜﺘﺤﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ

ﻪﺴﺴﺅﻤﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﹼﻨﻟﺎﺒ ﺎﻴﺘﺎﻤﻏﺍﺭﺒ ﺎﺒﺎﻁﺨ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﺇ ﻑﺭﻌﻨﻟ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﹼﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻰﹼﻔﺨﺘﻴ .

Summary :Each identity needs to create its own discourse to verify its distinctiveness from the other identities. Therefore, it employs every positive symbol and negative symbol. Several factors can contribute to determining the position of identity either in the center or in the margin as the economic, social, and political factor in the West, resulting in the "central ego" versus the "marginal ego"

represented by the Third World, and other factors of identification, such as the ethnic factor based on the color of the skin On which the speech of Franz Fanon adopted the effects of the founder of the black movement, "Amy Cesar," but the direction of this discourse quickly changed because of the motivation of humanity, focusing on the values of equality, love and freedom that later became the ideology of our time,The humanitarian motive disappears after its contact with the Algerian revolution.In our search, we will try to discover the hidden pattern hidden behind these changes to see if this speech is a pragmatic speech for its founder.

keywords: center. margin. Ideological, racial.Identity

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204

ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ : ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻴﻨﻭﻟﻭﻜﻟﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺎﻤ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻟﺍ لﺜﻤﻴ

ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﺃ "

ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺩﺇ "

ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺴﻷ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ،ﻕﺍﺭﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ )

ﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ (

ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺴﻷ ﺔﺴﻜﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ )

ﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ (

ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﺤﻷ ﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻟ

ﺘﻟ ﻡﺭﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺕﻌﻀﻭ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻑﻌﻀﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﺒ ﻡﻜﺤﺘ

ﻪﻜﻠﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻥﻤ )

ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺨﻟﺍ (

ﻥﻟ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻥﻜﻟ ،ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻠﻟ ﻕﺒﻁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻤﺩﻘﻴﻟ

ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﺴﺭﺎﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻓﺩ ﺔﻴﻟﺁ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺄﺠﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺎﻋﺭﺴﻓ ،ﻥﻴﺩﻴﻟﺍ ﻑﻭﺘﻜﻤ ﻑﻘﻴ لﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﻟ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ لﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭ ﻲﹼﻨﺒﺘ ﻪﺘﻟﻭﺎﺤﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ،ﻪﹼﻘﺤ ﺀ

ﺔﻴﻁﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﺭﻭﺼ

ﻪﺒ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻑﹼﻠﺨﺘﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﺤﺘﻴﻟ ،ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﻟ ﺎﻬﻌﻨﻁﺼﺍ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻷﺍ ّلﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻏﺍﺭﻓﺇ ﺩﻌﺒ ،

لﻀﻓﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻰﻨﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﺨ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺭﻴﺭﺸﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺭﻀﺤﺘﻤ ...

ﺔﻴﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ لﹼﺜﻤﻴﻭ

ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ،ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ

"

ﻕﺍﺭﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ

"

ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻟ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،

ﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻏﺭ ﻥﻤﻓ ،ﺍﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﻪﻨﺎﻜﻤ لﻼﺘﺤﺍﻭ ﺯ

ﺏﺎﻁﺨ

"

ﺭﺯﻴﺴ ﻲﻤﻴﺇ "

ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻪﻋﺎﺒﺘﺃﻭ "

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ

"

ﻲﹼﻨﺒﺘ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ،ﻲﻤﻠﺴﻟﺍ

ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻕﺤﺴ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻪﻴﻌﺴﺒ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻬﺠﻭ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﺘﺴﻭ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻫ ﻡﺜ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺏﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻟ ﻪﻴﹼﻨﺒﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺏﺭﺤﻟﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ لﺒ ،ﻱﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻊﻓﺍﺩﺒ ﺱﻴﻟ ﺨﻷﺍ ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻯﺭ

) ﺽﻴﺒﻷﺍ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ (

ﺎﻤﻓ ،ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﻪﺒﺎﻁﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻔﻀﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،

ﻑﹼﻅﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﺭﹼﺘﺴﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﺍﺩﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺏﺒﺴ ﻭﻫ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻯﺭﻨﻟ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﹼﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻜﻟ ؟ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻉﺎﻨﻘﻜ ﻕﺍﺭﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ .

1 . ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻴﻨﻭﻟﻭﻜﻟﺍ :

ﺘﺴﻤ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻫ لﺼﻴ ﻥﻴﺃ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻨﻁﻭ

ﺓﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻭﻁﺍﺭﺒﻤﻹﺍ ﺫﻭﻔﻨ )

ﻹﺍ ،ﺍﺭﺘﻠﺠﻨﺇ ،ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓ ﻥﺎﺒﺴ

( ﺔﻀﺌﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻊﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻟ

ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﹼﺘﻠﻟ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻊﻀﻭﺒ ﻙﻟﺫﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻠﻟ ﺱﻴﺴﺄﺘﻟﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ

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205

،لﺎﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺈﻴﺩﺅﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ

،ﺎﻬﻨﻭﺩﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺓﻭﻘﻟﺎﺒ ﺎﻤﺇ ﺓﺭﻁﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﻤﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻤﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﻭ 1

ﺭﻜﹼﺫﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻌﻀﻟﺍ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ،ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﻭﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻠﻟ

، ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻤﻴﻬﻟﺍ لﻐﺘﺸﺘﻭ

"

ﻲﺸﻤﺍﺭﻏ "

ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻀﺘﻤ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻕﻠﺨ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ

،ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺔﻴﻤﺘﺤﻜ ﺩﺎﻬﻁﻀﻻﺍﻭ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﻤﻟﺎﺒ لﺒﻘﺘﻴ ﻲﻜ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺭﻁﻴﺴﻤﻟﺍ لﻘﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺎﻤﻠﻋ2

ﺦﺴﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺦﺴﺭﺘﻭ ﺄﺸﻨ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻭﺫ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻫﺫ ﻲﻓ

ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺄﻁﺍﻭﺘﻴﻟ ،ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺠﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻀﻔﺒ ﺕﻗﻭﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺭﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ّلﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻙﻟﺫ ﺕﺒﺜﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺩﻴﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻤ ّلﻜ لﺒﻘﺘﻭ ،ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻤﻴﻬﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻑﺍﺭﺘﻋﺍ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺔﻘﻠﻁﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻜ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻲﺘﺄﻴ ﺎ

ﺔﻴﺒﺘﺍﺭﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻜﺭﺍﺭﻴﻬﻟﺎﺒ ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻨﺒﻴ .

ﻴﻨﻭﻟﻭﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ ﺯﹼﻜﺭﺘﺘﻭ ﺎﻨﻷﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺩﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﺎ

/ ﺏﻴﻁﻟﺍ ،ﺭﺨﻵﺍ /

،ﺭﻴﺭﺸﻟﺍ

ﺽﻴﺒﻷﺍ / ﺩﻭﺴﻷﺍ ) ﻥﻭﻠﻤﻟﺍ ( ﻲﻗﻭﻔﻟﺍ ، /

ﻲﻨﻭﺩﻟﺍ

.3

ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻴﻨﻭﻟﻭﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﻨ

ﻕﺍﺭﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻟ )

ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ (

ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﻠﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻁﻴﺴﻟﺍ لﺒﻘﻓ ،ﻪﻟ ﺩﻴﺴﺠﺘ

ﺫ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ لﻬﺴﺘﻟ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻱ

،ﻲﺌﺎﺼﻗﺇ ﻊﺒﺎﻁ

ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ّلﻜﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺫﺨﹼﺘﻴ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ لﻌﺠﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﻓ ﻪﺒ ﻑﺭﺘﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻠﻟ ﺭﻴﺎﻐﻤ

ﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺭﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺘﺤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻠﻟ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻫﻭ ؟ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻋﺩ

ﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﻥ ﻲﻨﻐﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﻟﺯﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻡﺃ ؟ /

ﺭﻴﺨﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺭﻴﻘﻔﻟﺍ /

ﺭﻴﺭﺸﻟﺍ ...

؟ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻟ ﻡﺌﺍﺩ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻜ

2 . ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻴﻨﻭﻟﻭﻜﻟﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺎﻤ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﻭﺃ ﻕﺍﺭﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ :

ﺭﺭﺒﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﻴ

ﺎﻤ ّلﻜ ﺩﻴﻜﺄﺘﻟ ﻪﺘﻨﻤﻴﻫ ﻡﻋﺩﻴﻭ

ُﺃ ﻤﺎﻬﻠﻟ ﺩﻨﺴ ﺵ

ﻕﹼﻘﺤﻴ ﺎﺒﺎﻁﺨ ﻪﺴﻔﻨﻟ ﺩﺠﻭﺄﻓ ،ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ

ﻪﺤﻟﺎﺼﻤ ﻴ،

ﺏﺴﺤ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﹼﺜﻤﺘ

"

ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺩﺇ

"

ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻭﺃ لﻭﻗ ﻱﺃ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺩﻘﺘﻌﻤ ﻭﺃ

ﺔﻐﻠﻟ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﺒ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻱﻭﺤﺘ ،ﻪﻤﻬﻓﻭ ﻡﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺭﺒﻋ

(4)

206

،ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷ ﺔﻌﻀﺎﺨ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻟ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺕﻓﺭﻌﺘ ﺎﻤﹼﻠﻜﻓ 4

ﺘ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﻡﹼﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﻬﺴ ﺎﻤﹼﻠﻜ ،ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻙﻠ

ﻕﺭﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻭ ﻱﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘ )

ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ( ﺏﺭﻐﻟﺍﻭ )

ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ( ﻥﻋ ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨﻟﺍ ،

لﻭﻷﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻭ ،ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺸﺒﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﻼﺤﺭﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺅﻁﺍﻭﺘ ﻊﻤ 5

ﻡﻋﺩﻟ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻟﺍ ّلﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﺒﻭﺭﺜﻨﻷﺎﻜ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻡﺌﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻁﻠﺴ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺭﺨﻶﻟ ﺔﻴﻔﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻤ لﻌﺠﻴﻟ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ

ﻡﺤﻟ لﻜﺄﻴ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ﺍﺭﺸﺒ ﺱﻴﻟ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻼﺜﻤ ﻪﻋﺎﻨﺘﻗﺎﺒ ،لﺎﻴﺨﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻋﺩﻴ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼ ﻕﺭﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻔﻀﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻙﻴﺘﺯﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﺒ ﻩﺩﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﺎﻤﻠﺜﻤ ،ﺭﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺌﺎﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻤﺎﻐﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺏﺤﻟﺍ ﺹﺼﻗﻭ ،ﻕﺸﻌﻠﻟ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﻰﻨﻐﻟﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻭ ﺔﺒﻴﺭﻐ

ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﻪﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺍﻭﺭ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﺴﻴﺭﻜ ﺎﺘﺎﻏﺃ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻟﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺭﻭﻬﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻟﺍ لﻀﻔﺒ 6

ﻥﻋ ﻡﻬﺜﺤﺒ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺓﻭﺭﺜﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﺠﻟ ﺎﻬﻟﺎﻁﺒﺃ ﺭﻤﺎﻐﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻕﺭﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺜﺍﺩﺤﺃ ﻱﺭﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺯﻨﻜﻟﺍ ...

ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﻴ

"

ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺩﺇ

"

ﻙﻟﺫ ﻥﻋ ﻻﺎﺜﻤ ﻹﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ

ﻕﺍﺭﺸﺘﺴ ﻭﻫﻭ

"

ﺭﻴﺒﺴﻜﺸ ﻡﺎﻴﻟﻭ "

،ﻡﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺏﺎﻴﻐﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻬﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺱﺍﻭﺤﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﺸﻹ ﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﻕﺭﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ

ﺴﺠﺘﻴ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻟﺫ ﺩ "

ﺍﺭﺘﺎﺒﻭﻴﻠﻜ "

لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺭﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨﻜ

"

ﺎﻴﻓﺎﺘﻜﻭﺃ "

ﺀﺎﻜﺫﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﻭﻘﻠﻟ ﺎﻤﻭﺭ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ .7

،ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻸﻟ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﻥﺃ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻯﺭﻨ

ﻤﺠﻤ ﺭﻴﺭﻤﺘ لﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻟ ﺔﻨﻭﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭ

ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ )

ﺏﺤﻟﺍ ( ﺍﺭﺘﺎﺒﻭﻴﻠﻜﻭ ﻭﻴﻨﻭﻁﻨﺃ ﺔﺼﻗ ﻥﻭﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻟﺎﺒﻓ ،

ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻜﺤﺃ ﻡﻋﺩﻟ ﺔﺸﻤﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺩﻀ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻐﺘﺴﺘ ،ﺔﻓﻭﺭﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺔﺼﻗ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺒﺜﺘﻭ .

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207

ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺩﺈﻓ -

ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺩﻘﻨﻟﺎﺒ

ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ

ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻪﺒﺘﻜ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ

"

ﻕﺍﺭﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ "

ﻭﺃ

"

ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻨﻭﻟﻭﻜﻟﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺩﻘﻨ "

ﻱﺫﻟﺍ

ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ لﹼﺜﻤﻴ -

ﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﻹ ﺎﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺓﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﺃ ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺩﺤﺘﻴ

ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒ ﺍﻭﺘﺃ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻡﻬﺒﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻟﺫ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ،ﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ

8.

ﻨﻌﻤ ﻙﻟﺫ ﻰ ﻻ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻜﻟ ،ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻟ ﺩﺎﻀﻤ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ لﻭﺎﺤﻴﺴ ﺵﻤﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ

ﻲﻓ ﺔﺨﺴﺭﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜﻟ ،ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺎﻴﺎﻨﺜ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﺭﹼﺘﺴﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻨﻤﻴ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﻪﻨﻫﺫ .

ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻴﻨﻭﻟﻭﻜﻟﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺩﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁٌﺃ .

3 . ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻴﻨﻭﻟﻭﻜﻟﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ :

،ﻱﺩﻘﻨ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﻭﻫ ﻡﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺄﺸﻨ

ﻰﻟﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ،ﺔﻴﺜﺤﺒ ﻯﺭﺨﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻓ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤ لﻜﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻟﻭﻤﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺔﻴﺭﻌﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺎﺒ ﺽﻭﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﺩﺩﺤ ﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﻜ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ 9

ﻪﺘﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ،ﻲﺜﺍﺩﺤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻪﹼﻨﺄﺒ ﻪﻓﺭﻌﻴﻓ ،ﻪﺤﻟﺎﺼﻤﻟ ﺔﻘﻘﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻟﺍ

ﻲﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﻱﺭﺒﺭﺒﻭ ...

ﻤ ﺭﺭﺒ ﺍ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻨﻗ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻪﻜﻭﻠﺴ

ﺭﻴﻭﻨﺘﻟﺍﻭ .

ﻲﻠﻴﺘﻨﻷﺍ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺍﻭﻟﻭﺎﺤ ﻥﻴﺫﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﹼﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺠﻨﻭ "

ﺯﻨﺍﺭﻓ

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ

"

Frantz - Fanon ﺭﻭﻬﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ

"

ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻭﺒﹼﺫﻌﻤ "

ﺔﻨﺴ ﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤﻟﺍ 1961

ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺔﻤﺭﺎﺼ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﻰﺴﺭﺃ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ لﻭﺤ لﺎﻘﻤ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﻴﺭﺨﺘﺒ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻑﺘﻜﻴ ﻡﻟ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ،ﺓﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﺩﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎﻔﻁﺎﻌﺘﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻟﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻀﺎﻤ ﻡﺩﻬﻟ ﻙﻟﺫﻜ ﻰﻌﺴ ﺎﻤﹼﻨﺇ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻀﺎﺤ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﻪﻘﺒﺴ لﺒ ﺩﻴﺤﻭﻟﺍ ﺱﺴﺅﻤﻟﺍ

ﺭﺨﺁ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﺇﻭ ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁ )

ﻭﻁﺴﺃ ﻱﺭ - ﻲﻗﺭﻋ

10( ﺕﺎﻴﺎﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎﺒ

ﻙﻟﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺩﺎﻋ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﻴﻭﻬﻟ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﺨﻟﺍ

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208

ﻲﺘﻵﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺍﺭﻨﺴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﺓﺭﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﻟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﹼﺘﻟﺍ .

ﺡﺭﺸ ﻙﻟﺫ لﺒﻗ لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴ

ﺭﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﻨﻫ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻥﻋ لﺎﺜﻤ ﺏﺭﻀﺒ ﻱﺭﻭﻁﺴﻷﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻟﺎﺒ ﻕﹼﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻩﺭﻜﺫ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ لﺜﻤ ،ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﺍﺩﻤﺈﺒ ﻡﻬﻋﺎﻨﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻬﻠﺘﻗ ﻡﺩﻌﺒ ﺕﺎﻨﺍﻭﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟ ﺓﺭﺠﹼﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺕﻨﻭﺎﻌﺘ ﺕﺎﻨﺍﻭﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻑﻴﻜ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺍﻭﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻭ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻙﻟﺫ ﻥﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻓ ،ﺭﺎﻨﻟﺍ لﺎﻌﺸﺇ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ

ﻴﻭﻫ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺕﺠﻤﺩﻨﺍ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺠﺸﻷﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﻨﻬﻟﺍ ﺔ

.

4 . ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ :

ﻥﻷ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﻥﻋ ﻻﺎﺜﻤ ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ لﹼﺜﻤﻴ

،ﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻼﻟ ﺽﺭﻌﺘ ﻥﻤ ّلﻜ لﻤﺸﻴﻟ ﻩﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻴ لﺒ ،ﺩﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜ ،ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺓﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﻨﺠﻷﺍ ّلﻜ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﺨﺩﺘ ﻪﺘﻴﻭﻬﻓ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ

"

ﺘﻬﺠﻭ لﻭﺤ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻪﻠﹼﺜﻤ ﻑﻴﻜ ﻑﺭﻌﻨﺴﻭ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺍﺩﻌﺒ ﻪﺤﻨﻤﺒ ﻙﻟﺫﻭ ،ﻪ

ﻡﺎﻗ

ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺘﻵﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ

ﻥﻜﻟ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﻥﻋ ﻼﻴﻠﻗ ﺙﺩﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺱﺄﺒ ﻻ ﻙﻟﺫ لﺒﻗ

ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺱﺴﺄﺘ )

ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ .(

ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺏﺩﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻁﻨﻻﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻟ

"

ﺱﻴﺭﺎﺒ "

ﺔﻨﺴ 1932 ﺭﺸﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻁﺎﻨﻟﺍ

ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﺔﻠﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑ

ﻡﺴﺎﺒ ﺩﻭﻌﺘﻟ ،ﻥﻭﻴﻜﻨﺘﺭﺎﻤ

"

ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺏﻟﺎﻁﻟﺍ "

ﻲﻓ 1943 ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻭﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ

ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻔﻟ ﺎﻬﻀﻓﺭﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓﻹﺍ لﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺓﺩﻭﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻭﻋﺩﺘﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻏ ﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘ ّلﻜ ﻥﻋ ﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ ،ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺕﺍﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺝﻭﻨﺯﻟﺍ

11. ﺎﻨﻟ ﺢﻀﹼﺘﻴ

ﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﻥﺃ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻙﻠﺴﻴ ﺵﻤﻬ

ﻲﻋﺩﺘ ﻲﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻀﻓﻷﺍ

ﻥﻤ

ﻪﺘﻴﻠﻀﻓﺃ ﻥﻠﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻟ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻪﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﺩﺴﺠﻴ ﺎﻤ ّلﻜ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺓﺩﻭﻌﻟﺍ لﻼﺨ .

ﺔﻠﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻤ ﺯﺭﺒﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺠﻨﻭ :

ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻟﺍ "

ﺭﺍﺩﺴ ﺩﻟﻭﺒﻭﻴﻟ ،ﺭﺯﻴﺴ ﻲﻤﻴﺇ

"

ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ،

"

ﺭﺯﻴﺴ "

ﺄﺒ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻋ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ،ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﺒ ﻕﻁﻨ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺃ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒ ﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﻑﺍﺭﺘﻋﺍ ﻪﹼﻨ

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209

ﺎﻀﺭﻭ ،ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺀ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ ﻪﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻭ ،ﻩﺭﻴﺼﻤﺒ .12

ﺢﻴﺭﺼﺘ ﻥﺫﺇ ﻥﺎﻜ "

ﺭﺯﻴﺴ "

ﺏﻴﻁ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ

ﺎﻴﺠﻨﺯ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ لﻴﻤﺠﻭ )

ﻑﻘﺜﻤﻟﺍ ( ﻡﻠﺤﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﺘﻨﻸﻟ ﺔﻤﺩﺼ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ

ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﻘﺘﺤﺍ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ،ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻹﺍ ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻠﻟ ﻩﺭﺎ

ﻲﻘﻴﺭﻓ ) لﺼﻷﺍ

13( ﺍﺫﻫ ّلﺩﻴ ﻰﻠﻋ

ﺩﻴﺭﻴ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ

ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﺒ ﺎﻬﻟﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﻭﻬﻟ ﻩﺭﺎﻜﻨﺇ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻌﻀﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻟﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻀﻓﺄﺒ ﻪﻨﻫﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺦﺴﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﻋﺎﻨﺘﻗﻻ .

ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺭﺤﻟﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻫ ﺹﻤﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻡﻠﺤ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻴ ﻥﻟ

ﹸﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻪﻫﺎﺠﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺭﻬﻅ

ﻲﻓ ﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻲﻠﻴﺘﻨﻷﺎﺒ ﻊﻓﺩ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺏﺭﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻤﺍﺯﻬﻨﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨ لﻜﺎﺸﻤ

،ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ لﺎﻴﺤ ﻪﻔﻗﻭﻤ ﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺴﺍ ﻥﻤ ،ﻪﺘﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﺎﻤ 14

ﻟ ﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ،ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻕﺒﺎﻁﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻐ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺠﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻐﻟﺇ ﺔﻴﺠ

ﻪﺒﺎﻁﺨﻓ ،ﻰﻟﻭﻸﻟ ﺓﺭﻴﺎﻐﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺎﻨﺃ ﻕﻠﺨﻭ ،ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ )

ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ (

ﻕﺜﺒﻨﺍ

ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻭﻜ ،ﺔﻟﻼﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﺭﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺒﻤﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻴﻨﻭﻟﻭﻜﻟﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺝﺎﺠﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﺤﺠﺭﺄﺘﻤ ﻪﺤﺎﻔﻜ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ،ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﺏﻀﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺨﺭﺼﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺫﺒﺫﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﻭﻌﻴﻭ ،ﺔﺤﻟﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،

ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓﺇ ﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻬﺠﻭﺒ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺎﻁﻤ ﻪﺒﺒﺴ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺍﺩﺠﻭﻟﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻐﻁ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺎﺒ

"

ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺯﻟﺍ "

ﻡﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺯﻴﻤﺘ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎﻤﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﻴﻐﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺨﻷﺍﻭ

،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ لﺒﻗ ﻥﺫﺇ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺎﻓ 15

ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻫ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ لﻭﺎﺤﻴﺴ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ

ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ )

ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ( ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﺇﻭ ﻲﻘﻴﺭﻓﻹﺍ ﻪﻠﺼﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺓﺩﻭﻌﻟﺎﺒ ﻙﻟﺫﻭ ،

ﻥﻋ ﺩﻌﺒُﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﻪﻀﺭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﹼﺙﹸﺘﺠﺍ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ،ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻟﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﻪﺒﺎﻁﺨ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻩﺩﻴﻟﺎﻘﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﺩﺎﻋ .

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5 . ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ :

ﺏﺠﻋُﺃ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﺒ )

ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ (

ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﺎﺒ ﻪﻓﺍﺭﺘﻋﺍ لﻴﻟﺩﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻪﺌﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﻜﺭﺎﺸ ﻥﻴﺫﻟﺍ لﺌﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺭﻜﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺩﻘﻟﻭ ،ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻤ ﺓﻭﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ

،ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻠﻟ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻻﻭﺃ ﻲﻐﻠﻴ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﻨ لﻌﻓ ﺓﺩﺭ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻌﻓ 16

ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ،

ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺭﺩﻗﻭ ﻪﺘﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻫﺭﺒﻴ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ ،ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﺓﺩﻨﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺴﻟﺍﻭ .

ﻡﻀﻨﺍ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﹰﺍﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺎﻤﺎﻤﻀﻨﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ

"

ﺭﺯﻴﺴ "

ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒﻓ

ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻡﺎﻤﻀﻨﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﻷﺍ لﻤﻌﻴﺴ ،ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺎﻨﺃ ﻕﻠﺨ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﺎﺒﻭﹼﺫﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﻀ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﺎﻴﻤﻠﺴ ﻪﺒﺎﻁﺨ

ﺎﻬﻘﻠﺨ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻨﻌﻟﺍﻭ

17. ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻥﺇ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﻥﻴﻔﻅﻭﻤ ﻩﺍﺩﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ،ﺔﻔﻘﺜﻤ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺒﻜ ﺫﺇ ،ﻪﺘﺄﺸﻨ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺩﻭﻌﻴ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ،ﻪﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻠﺼﺍﻭﻤﻟ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻩﺭﻔﺴ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻟﺎﺒ ﻩﺭﹼﺜﺄﺘ ﺩﻀ

ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻀﺎﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺩﻤﺘﺴﻴ ﻻ ﻪﻓﺩﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺎﻬﺒ ﻑﺭﺘﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤ ﺙﻌﺒ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﺔﻨﻭﻠﻤﻟﺍ

18. ﻲﻠﺨﹼﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﺒ ﺔﻠﺌﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻜﺭﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻔﻟﺎﺒ ﻩﺭﹼﺜﺄﺘ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻪﻔﻗﻭﻤ ﻊﺠﺭﻴ

ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻟﺍ ﺢﺠﻨﺘﻟ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﺼﹼﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻁﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ

19. ﺎﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻟ ﻥﻴﺒﺘﻴ

ﻥﺃ ﻕﺒﺴ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﺘ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ﻼﻋﺎﺠ ،ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺸﻴﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺯﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻀﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐ

ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ .

ﺓﺭﻬﻅﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻔﹼﻟﺅﻤ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻟﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴ ،ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻟﺍ ﻡﻬﻔﻨ ﻲﻜﻟﻭ

ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﺒ ّلﻭﻷﺍ ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜﺒ ﺃﺩﺒﻨﻟﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻟﺍ ﺙﺩﺤ ﻑﻴﻜﻭ ،ﻩﺭﻜﻓ ﺱﺴﻷ

"

ﺀﺍﺩﻭﺴ ﺓﺭﺸﺒ

ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺒ ﺔﻌﻨﻗﺃﻭ "

ﻤ لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺩﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺭﻭﺤ

: ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﻊﹼﻠﻁﺘ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ،ﻻﻭﺃ

ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻟﺍ ﺫﺨﹼﺘﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻜﻭﻠﺴ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﺤﻤ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ ،ﺽﻴﺒﻷﺎﺒ ﻪﺒﺸﹼﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻨﻴﺘﺭﺎﻤﻟﺍ "

ﺎﻴﺴﻴﺒﺎﻜ ﺕﻭﻴﺎﻤ "

Mayotte Capécia ﻥﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ

(9)

211

ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺍﻭﺭ لﻼﺨ

"

ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻨﻴﺘﺭﺎﻤ ﺎﻨﺃ "

ﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻘﻋ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻴﻟ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻲ

ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﺘﻔﻟﺎﺒ ﻪﺒﺸﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺽﻴﺒﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺝﺍﻭﺯﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻐﻜ لﻭﺎﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ

ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﺓﺭﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺽﻴﻴﺒﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﺭﻌﹼﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻴﺭﺴﺘﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺴﺎﺒﻟ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺕﻭﻴﺯﻟﺍ

20. ﺦﺴﺭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﻟﺩ ،ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺎﺒ ﻪﺒﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻲﻌﺴ ﻥﺇ

ﻟﺍ ﺯﻭﻤﺭﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻘﻠﺨ ﻲﺘ

ﻥﻫﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻡﻀﻨﺘﺴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ

ﻪﺘﻴﻭﻫ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﺽﻌﺒﻟﺍ

، ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻟ ﺔﻨﻭﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﻤﹼﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻟﺍ لﻘﻨﻟ ﻭﺃ

ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻟ ﺔﻨﻭﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﻤﹼﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻟﺍ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ .

ﺎﻬﻘﻓﺍﺭﻴﺴ لﺒ ،ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻸﻟ ﺔﻠﹼﺜﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺯﻭﻤﺭﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﺘﺤﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻥﻫﺫ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﻴ ﻻ

ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﺯﻤﺭﻠﻟ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﻜ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ

،ﺎﻤ ﺭﻭﻌﺸ ﻪﻘﻓﺍﺭﻴ ،ﻪﻤﹼﻠﻌﺘﻨ لﺠﺨﻟﺎﺒ ﻩﺭﻌﺸﺘ ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻓ ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ لﺎﺤ ﻭﻫ ﺍﺫﻫ 21

ﻥﻤ ﺹﹼﻠﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ لﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﻙﻟﺫﻟ ،ﺩﻌﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺭﻌﺸﻭ ،ﺔﻤﺘﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﺭﺸﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺯﺍﺯﺌﻤﺸﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻘﺒ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﺠﺴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﻟﺍ )

،ﺔﻴﻨﺍﻭﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺢﺒﻘﻟﺍ ﺵﺤﻭﺘﻟﺍ

.(...

22

ﻤﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺎﻀﻌﺒ لﻭﺤﻴﺴ ﻪﹼﻨﺇ ،ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﺓﺩﻨﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻟﺍ ّلﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻀﻘﻴ ﻻ ﺵ

ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﻭﻘﻟﺎﺒ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻪﻔﻌﻀ ﺽﻭﻌﻴ ﻩﺩﺠﻨﻓ ﻪﺒﺎﻁﺨ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻟ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ23

ﺽﻴﺒﻷﺍ ﻪﻟ ﺎﻫﺩﻨﺴﺃ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﻩﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺕﺒﺜﻴ ﻙﻟﺫ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺎﹼﻨﻅ

، ﻥﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ

ﻪﻨﻤ ﻲﻋﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻴ

ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻤﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻤ ﺱﻔﻨ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ /

ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻭ

ﺏﺴﺤﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺒﺎﻁﺨﺒ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﻤﻴﻬﻟ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ

"

ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻟﺍ "

ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺽﻭﻋ "

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺭﺼﺘ )

ﺵﻤﻬﻤﻟﺍ ( ،ﺩﻴﻭﺭﻓ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻭﺩﻴﺒﹼﻠﻟﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ

،ﻕﺎﻗﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﺒ ﻭﺩﻴﺒﹼﻠﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺽﻭﻌﻴ ﻩﺩﺠﻨ ﻊﻀﻭ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﻻ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤ24

ﻲﺒﺭﻐﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻠﺨﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺩﻴﻭﺭﻓ ﻪﻠﻌﻔﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻺﻟ ﻲﺘﺍﹼﺫﻟﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻟﺎﺒ ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ

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212

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺩﻤﻌﻴ لﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻸﻟ ﻡﱟﻅﻌﻤﻟﺍ )

ﻕﺎﻗﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ (

ﻪﺒﺒﺴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ

ﺔﻴﺴﻜﺭﺎﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺭﹼﺜﺄﺘ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺽﻴﺒﻷﺍ .

ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻟ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ "

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﻤﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟ ﺽﻭﻋ ﻲﻤﻠﺴ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ،ﺵ

ﺏﺎﻁﺨ "

ﺇ . ﺭﺯﻴﺴ "

،ﻱﺭﺭﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁﻟﺍ ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻠﻏ ﻙﻟﺫﻟ ،ﻑﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﻠﻐﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ

ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﻪﺴﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﺘﻴﺴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﻑﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻻ ﺏﻠﻁﻴ ﺎﻤﹼﻨﺇ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﺈﻜ ﻪﺒ ﻑﺭﺘﻌﻴ ﻻ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ،ﻪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻔﺼ ﻲﻔﻨ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻤﻋ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺭﹼﺜﺄﺘ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻪﻠ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ

" "

لﻐﻴﻬﺒ "

(Hegel) ﺩﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺩﺠﻟ ﻪﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ

ﻥﻟ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ،ﻪﻟ ﺎﻬﺤﻨﻤﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ لﻀﻔﺒ ﻪﺘﻴﺭﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺼﺤﻴﻟ ،ﺩﺒﻌﻟﺍﻭ

،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﺒﻌﻟﺍ ﺦﺴﺭﺘ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺎﻬﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﻥﻜﻟ 25

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﻋ

"

لﻐﻴﻫ

"

ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻩﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒﻓ ، ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺫﺨﹼﺘﻴ ﻪﹼﻨﻷ ،ﻩﺩﻴﺴ ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻴ

ﻥﺃ ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻟﺫ ﻡﺘﻴﻟﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻠﻟ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻙﺭﺘﻴ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻩﺩﺠﻨ ﻪﺘﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻡﺩﻌﻟ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻟﺎﺒ ﻲﻌﻴ ،ﻪﻔﹼﻘﺜﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﺒ ﻙﻟﺫﻭ ،ﻪﻌﻀﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻥﹼﻜﻤﺘﻴﻟ 26

ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﻴﻟ ﻲﺌﺍﺩﺒ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ّلﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺹﹼﻠﺨﹼﺘﻟﺍﻭ

27. ﻭﻜ ﺭﺭﺒﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﻥ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﺫ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺭﻜﹼﺫﻟﺍ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻱ

ﻥﻴﺘﻤﻬﻤ ﻥﻴﺘﻭﻁﺨ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﺴ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ

ﺎﻤﻫ : ﻪﺒﺸﺘﻟﺍ ،ﻻﻭﺃ .

ﹼﺘﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺎ

.

ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﻥﺃ ﺢﻴﺤﺼ "

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺯ لﻤﻬﻴ ﻪﹼﻨﻜﻟ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﻊﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺫ

ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ،ﻲﻘﺒﻁﻟﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻟﺍﻭ لﻤﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﹼﺘﺎﺒ ﻩﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ

ﻲﻜﻴﻨﺘﺭﺎﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻨﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﻱﺯﺍﻭﺠﺭﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﻀ ﻲﺴﻨﺭﻔﻟﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻲﻜﻴﻨﺘﺭﺎﻤﻟﺍ

28. ﺍﺫﻫ ّلﺩﻴ

ﺎﻨﻷﺎﺒ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺤﺘﻟﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻓ ﻪﺘﺎﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻭﺤﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻗ ّلﻜ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻜﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻻ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻤ ﺏﻠﻗ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ

: ﺔﻨﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ /

ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ )

ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ

(11)

213

ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ( ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ )

ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ (/

ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ )

ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ (

ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻪﻠﻌﻓ ﺩﻴﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ

ﻲﻠﻴﺘﻨﻷﺍ

"

ﺭﺯﻴﺴ ﻲﻤﻴﺇ

"

ﻥﻷ ،

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﺯﹼﻜﺭﻴ لﺒ ،ﺽﻴﺒﻷﺍ ﺩﻀ ﺭﻭﺜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ﺩﻴﺭﻴ ﻻ

ﺎﻀﻘﻠﻟ ﻥﻴﺒﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻼﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺀ

ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺜﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ّلﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ 29

ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻔﻟﺍ

؛ ﻪﹼﻨﻷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺂﺸﻨ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ّلﻜ ﻡﺍﺩ ﺎﻤ ﻙﻟﺫ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﺘ لﻴﺤﺘﺴﻴ

ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ) ﺔﻴﻠﻀﻓﻷﺍ

، ﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ

،ﺀﺎﻜﹼﺫﻟﺍ ﻭ

،ﺭﻀﺤﹼﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ

ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ /(

) ،ﺱﻨﺩﻟﺍ ﻭ

،ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻟﺍ

ﻭ ،ﺵﺤﻭﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ

ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻟﺍ .(

7 . ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺤﹼﺘﻟﺍ :

ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ،ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﺼ ﻲﻔﺘﻨﺘ

ﺙﺩﺤ ﺎﻤ ،لﻭﺤﹼﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻟﺎﺒ "

ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻟ

"

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻟﺎﺒ ﻪﻜﺎﻜﺘﺤﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ

ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺍ ﺩﻴﺭﻴ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻡﻟ ﺫﺇ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﻀ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻙﻠﺴﻴ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺎﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﻤ لﻼﺘﺤﻻ ﻻ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺒﺭﺎﺤﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻤﻌﻴﺴ لﺒ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻭﺤﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻜ

ﻩﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ

"

ﺭﺯﻴﺴ "

ﻥﻤ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻠﻟ لﺒ

"

ﺎﻨﻷﺍ

ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ "

ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻪﻠﹼﺜﻤﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ "

ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺒ ﺔﻌﻨﻗﺃﻭ ﺀﺍﺩﻭﺴ ﺓﺭﺸﺒ "

ﻰﻟﺇ

"

ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺤﻨﻟﺍ "

ﻱﺫﻟﺍ

ﻪﻨﺤﻤ ﻪﻤﺴﺎﻘﻴ ﺏﻌﺸﻟ ﻲﻨﺍﺩﺠﻭﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﻴ

30.

ﻐﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺩﻋﺎﺴ ﺩﻘﻟ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﺭﻴ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ

"

ﻲـﻓ ﻙﻟﺫ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ،

ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ "

ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻟﺍ "

ﺎـﻬﺒﺘﻜ ﺕﻻﺎـﻘﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ

ﺓﺩﻴﺭﺠ ﻲﻓ "

ﺩﻫﺎﺠﻤﻟﺍ "

ﺔﻨﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﺩﺘﺒﺍ 1957

ﻰـﻟﺇ 1959 ﻥﻴﺘﻐﻠﻟﺎـﺒ ﺭﺩـﺼﺘ ﻲـﺘﻟﺍ

لﻭﺤﺭﻭﺩﺘ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻟﺍ :

ﻲـﺴﻨﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻴﻟﺍ لﻌﻓ ﺩﻭﺩﺭﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ

) ﺏﺯﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻴﺸﻟﺍ (

ﺎﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓﺇ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃﻭ ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺒﺠ ﺏﺯﺤ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻭ ،

، ﻥﻤـﻀﺘﺘ

ﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎــﻘﻤ ،ﺎــﻀﻴﺃ

ﻔــﺼﻭ ﺎ ﻡﺎــﻅﻨﻟﺍ لــﺨﺍﺩ ﺔــﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍﻭ ﺔﻴــﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺭﻫﺍﻭــﻅﻟ

ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ

31. ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺎـﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻊﺒﺎـﻁﻟﺍ ﻲﻔﻀﻴ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ،ﻡﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻟﺎﺒ

ﺭﻭﻌﺸ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ لﻭﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻﺃ ﻥﻜﻟ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻟﺍ "

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﺏﻌﹼﺸﻠﻟ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻨﻻﺎﺒ ﻱﺭـﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ

-

(12)

214

ﺓﺩﻴﻠﺒﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﻴﺩﻤ ﻥﻴﻋ ﺎﻤﻟ ﻪﺒ ﻪﻜﺎﻜﺘﺤﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ -

ﻰـﻠﻋ لـﻴﻟﺩ

ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻑﺭﺘﻌﺘ ﻡﻟ ﻪﺘﺍﺩﺎﻬﺸ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻟﺎﺒ ﻪﹼﻨﺃﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺩﻟﺎﺒ ﺭﻭﻌﹼﺸﻟﺍ ﺦﺴﺭﺘ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺩﹼﻜﻭﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ؟ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ (habitus)

ﺎـﻬﺒﹼﻜﺭﻤ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻥﺇﻭ ﻰﹼﺘﺤ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﺘ ﻻ

ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻠﻋ

:

* ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﺔﻨﺤﺸ لﻤﺤﺘ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ّلﻜ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﺠﻭ ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ

ﺀﺎﻴﺸﻷﺍ .

* ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺕﺍﺩﻘﺘﻌﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ّلﻜﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ .

* ﻭﺃ ﺯﻓﺎﺤﻟﺍ ،ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻊﻓﺍﺩﻟﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺩﺼﻘﻤﻟﺍ

.32

ﻥﺇﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻸﻟ ﺱﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻪﻨﻭﻟ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺏﻌﺸﻟﺎﻓ

ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻔﻗﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺕﻔﻠﺘﺨﺍ )

ﻲﺠﻨﺯﻟﺍ ( ﻪﺘﺎﻨﺎﻜﻤﺈﺒ ﺕﻠﺒﻗﻭ ﻪﺒ ﺕﻓﺭﺘﻋﺍ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﻷ ،

ﺔﻴﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺱﻜﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻟﺍ )

ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ( ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺎﻓ ،

ﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﻴﺯﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻉﺎﻓﺩﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻟﻭﺎﺤﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻀﻘﻟ ﻪﻴﹼﻨﺒﺘ لﻴﻟﺩ

لﻭﻗ ﻲﻔﻨﻴ

"

ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻟﺍ "

،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻠﻟ ﻪﻴﹼﻨﺒﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺕﺭﺜﺩﻨﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻘﻋ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤ33

ﻑﻗﻭﻤ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﻱﺯﻴﻨﺎﻤﻭﻴﻫ ﺎﻔﻗﻭﻤ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ )

humaniste (

ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺩﺠﻤﻴ ﻲﺒﺭﻏ

34. ﻡﻬﻔﻨ

ﻨﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺩﻨﺴﻴ ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ،ﻻﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﺘﻁﻘﻨ لﻭﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ ،ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎ

ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺇ ﺭﻴﻏ

ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻸﻟ ﻡﺎﺘﻟﺍ لﻴﺠﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ّلﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺎﻬﺒﺴﺘﻜﻴ لﺒ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ .

ﻰﹼﻨﺒﺘ ﺩﻘﻟ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ

"

ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻗ )

ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺏﻌﺸﻟﺍ (

ﺎﻨﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻊﻨﺼﻴ ﻲﻜ

،ﻪﻤﻴﻗ ّلﻜﺒ ﻙﺴﻤﺘﻟﺎﺒ ﻪﻋﺎﻨﻗﺈﺒ ﻻﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻬﻟ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺄﺠﻟ ﻙﻟﺫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺎﻤ ّلﻜ ﺡﺭﻁﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﻨﺴﺇ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﺘ

ﺵﻤﺎﻬﻠﻟ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻟﺫ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ،

"

لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ

ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺜ "

ﻥﺃ ﻑﻴﻜ ﺍﺭﻴﺸﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺩﻴﻟﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺎﻅﺤﻼﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ

(13)

215

ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ )

ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓ ( ،ﻥﻴﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻠﻟ ﺔﻨﻭﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻕﻴﺯﻤﺘ لﻭﺎﺤﺘ

ﻟﺎﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻓﺩﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﹼﺫﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺎﻴﺴ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺭﺼﹼﺘﻠﻟ ﺎﻬﻌﻓﺩﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔ

ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﺄﻜ .35

ﺀﺎﻜﺫ ﺎﻨﻟ ﻥﻴﺒﺘﻴ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﹼﺘﻟﺎﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ

ﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻴ ﺎﻬﻟﺎﺸﻓﻹﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺩﺤﺘﻟ

"

ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻟﺍ

ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ "

ﻥﻔﻋﺎﻀﻴ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻴﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺨﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﹼﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ لﺨﺩﹼﺘﻟﺎﺒ ﻥﻫﺩﻬﺠ

ﺭﻘﻔﻟﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻤﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﺩﻘﻨﻭ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻜﺫ ﺩﻴﺠﻤﺘﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺎﻌﻟﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺏﺭﺴﹼﺘﻠﻟ لﻬﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﻉﻭﺠﻟﺍﻭ

، ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺘﻴ ﺩﻴﻤﺴ ﺔﻴﻤﻜ ّلﻜ ﻑﻠﺨﻓ

ﺏﺎﺠﺤﻠﻟ ﺭﺎﻜﻨﺘﺴﺍ

36.

ﺏﺎﻁﺨ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻡﻟ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﺎﻬﹼﻠﺤﻤ ّلﺤﺘﻟ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍﻭ ﻡﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ لﻤﺤﻴ

ﺭﺭﺤﺘﻟﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﻱﺭﻭﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻔﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﻑﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﺒ ﻭﺃ ،ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻊﻀﻭ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﺏﻀﻐﻟﺎﻜ ،ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﺓﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻭ ،ﺭﻴﻐﹼﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺴﻨﺇ ﺭﺎﺠﻔﻨﺍ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻲﻨﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺡﺎﻔﻜﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤ ﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ،ﻲﻨﺎ

ﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﻡ

،ﻪﻗﻭﻘﺤ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﻓ37

لﻤﻌ "

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

لﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﻠﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺒﺎﻁﺨ ﻲﻓ )

ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ (

ﺞﺘﻨﻴﻟ

ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻪﻨﻋ )

ﻑﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨ (

ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﻑﻌﻀ ﻁﺎﻘﻨ ﺭﻜﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻋ ﺎﻤﻜ ،

ﺏﺒﺴ ﺍﺭﻜﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻘﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻟ ﻪﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻟﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ لﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓﻹﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ

"

ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ

ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻟﺍ "

ﺔﻨﺴ ﺏﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺭﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤﻟﺍ 1958

38، ﻕﺭﻁ ﺢﻨﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ

ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺝﺎﻬﺘﻨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻁﻗ ﻡﻴﻤﺄﺘﻜ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ

، ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍﻭ

39. ﻓ ﺏﺘﻜ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻪﺘﻻﺎﻘﻤ ﻲ

ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﺒ

"

ﻥﻭﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻟﺍ "

ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ 1959

ﻥﻴﻔﹼﻘﺜﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺠﻭﺘﻴ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ،

(14)

216

ﺭﺎﺴﻴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻟﺎﻤﺁ ﺔﺒﻴﺨ ﺎﻨﻴﺒﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻟﺍ لﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﻍﺭﻔﹼﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻓ ﻻ ﻪﹼﻨﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻭﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻭ ﻲﺴﻨﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺒﺠ ﻑﻭﻔﺼ ﺔﻔﹼﻠﹾﻜﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﺏﺭﺤﻟﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﺒ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﺓﻭﻋﺩ ﺏﺒﺴ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺭﻴﺭﺤ

، ﺱﻴﻟﻭ

ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺏﻌﺸﻟﺎﺒ ﹰﺔﻓﺃﺭ

40.

ﻲﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻠﺠ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ "

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻔﻟ "

ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺭﺘﻋﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ

لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﺎﻨﻸﻟ ﺎﺴﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍ لﹼﺜﻤﺘ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺎﻨﺃ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﺒﻏﺭﻭ ،ﻪﺒ ﺭﹼﻜﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻪﺘﺒﻏﺭ

"

ﻭﻜ ﺩﻴﻓﺍﺩ ﺕ "

ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒﻠﻟ ﻪﻠﻴﻭﺤﺘ ﻙﻟﺫﻜ ،ﺎﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓﺈﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﻡﻴﻁﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ

ﻲﻘﻴﺭﻓﻹﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻟﺍ لﹼﺜﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ

41، ﺭﺒﻌﻴﻭ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﻥﻋ

ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻟ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻻ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺭﺠ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜ ﻥﻋﻭ ،ﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﹼﻟﻭﺘﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺕﺭﹼﺨﺃ ﺔﻔﺴﺅﻤ ﺔﺜﺩﺎﺤ ﺭ

ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺩﺼﺒ ﺔﻤﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻪﹼﻨﺄﺒ ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻋﺩﺇ ﻙﻟﺫﺒ ﺎﻁﻘﺴﻤ ،ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺏﻌﺸﻟﺍ

42.

لﻭﺼﺤ ﻡﻏﺭ لﻭﻘﻨ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ

"

ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ "

ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ

ﺭﻴﻏ ﺎﻓﺍﺭﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻘﺒﻴ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﺴﺭ

ﻥﻋ ﻊﻓﺍﺩﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﺒﺎﻁﺨﻟ ﻱﺯﻴﻨﺎﻤﻭﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻭﻓ ،

ﺘ ،ﺔﺸﻤﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﹼﺘﺴﺘ

ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻑﹼﻅﻭﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺎﻨﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ لﻭﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻟﺍ

ﻲﻓ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﻴ ﻻ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻲﻔﻨﻜ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﹼﻅﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻕﺭﹼﻁﻟﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻻ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﺩﹼﻜﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ

/ ﻥﺇﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﻤ

ﻪﺒﺎﻁﻗﺃ ﺕﺭﻴﻐﺘ .

ﺵﻤﺍﻭﻬﻟﺍ :

- 1 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺠﺭﺘ ،ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ ،ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺩﺇ ﺔﻤ

: ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻨﻤﺯﺃ ،ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﺠﻬﻟﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ ﺭﺼﺎﻨ ،ﻲﺴﻴﺭﺨ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ

،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﺹ ،2007

.16

-2

ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻟﺍ .37

(15)

217

-3

ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻟﺍ .16

-4

ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻟﺍ .13

-5 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ :

،ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺩﺍ

،ﻕﺍﺭﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ

: ﺔﻴﺅﺭ ،ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻟﺍ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻨﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻟ

،ﺭﺼﻤ ، ،2006

.43

-6 ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻟﺍ -42

.43

-7 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ ،ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ ،ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺩﺍ .45

-8 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ ،ﻕﺍﺭﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ،ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺩﺇ .29

-9 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻟﺍ ،ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺩﻗﺎﻨﻟﺍ لﻴﻟﺩ ،ﻲﻠﻴﻭﺭﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺠﻴﻤ

، ،ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻟﺍ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ،2002

.160

-10

،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺹ ،

-159 .160

-11 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ :

،لﺴﻜﻭﺭﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻤ ،ﺩﻭﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﹼﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﹼﺘﹸﻜ ،ﺕﻭﻠﺘﺴﻜ ﻥﺎﻴﻠﻟ ﺹ ،1961

.91 ﻼﻘﻨ

ﻥﻋ : ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﻜﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ

ﻡﻭﻠﺒﻴﺩ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨ ﺙﺤﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻟﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺭ

ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺔﻘﻤﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ )

ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻤ (

ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ، -1987

،1988 .6

-12 ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻟﺍ -159

.160

-13 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺯﻨﺍﺭﻓ ،ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ،

) S.N.E.D (

ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺹ ،1973

.10

-14 ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻟﺍ

.16

-15 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺔﹼﻠﺠﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻴﻨﻭﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺩﻘﻨﻭ ﺏﺩﺃ ﻲﻓ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﺩﻟﺎﺨ

"

ﺕﺎﻤﻼﻋ "

ﺝ ،ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺩﻗﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ،54

،ﺓﺩﺠ ،ﺭﺒﻤﺴﻴﺩ ﺹ ،2004

-110 .111

-16 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻟﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺯﻨﺍﺭﻓ ﺭﻜﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ،ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ -9

.10

-17

ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺯﻨﺍﺭﻓ ،ﺕﻭﻜ ﺩﻴﻓﺍﺩ :

، ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﺭﻭﺩﻨﻏ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻟﺍ ،ﻲﻟﺎﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﺩ 1969

-33 .37

-18 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺯﻨﺍﺭﻓ ،ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ .64

-19 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ ،ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺯﻨﺍﺭﻓ ،ﺕﻭﻜ ﺩﻴﻓﺍﺩ .22

-20 ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻟﺍ -10

.11

-21 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ،ﺭﺎﻴﺭﺩﻭﺒ ﻥﺎﺠ ،ﻉﺎﻨﻁﺼﻻﺍﻭ ﻊﻨﻁﺼﻤﻟﺍ

ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ : ﺔﻌﺠﺍﺭﻤ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻑﻴﺯﻭﺠ :

ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻟﺍ ،ﻰﻟﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﻌﺴ

ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻟ ،ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻟﺍ ،ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ،2008

.27

(16)

218

22-Voir : Frantz fanon, peau noire masques blancs, présenté par : Mohammed lakhdar maougal, E.N.A.G édition, Algérie, 1993, p 114.

-23 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ،ﻩﺩﻭﻋ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻟﺍﻭ لﺎﺼﹼﺘﻻﺍ ﺏ

: ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻱﺭﻴﺨ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ

،ﺭﺼﻤ 1998

-8 .18

-24 ﺹ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺯﻨﺍﺭﻓ ،ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ .74

-25 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ ،ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺯﻨﺍﺭﻓ ﺭﻜﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ،ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ -9

.11

-26

ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻟﺍ .74

27-Voir :Frantz fanon, peau noire et masques blancs, p 24.

-28 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺯﻨﺍﺭﻓ ،ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ .63

-29 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ ،ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺯﻨﺍﺭﻓ ﺭﻜﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ،ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ .14

-30 ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻟﺍ .63

-31 ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻟﺍ .14

32-Voir : Gustave Nicholas Ficher, la psychologie sociale, édition le Seuil, Paris, 1997, p61.

-33

ﺹ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺯﻨﺍﺭﻓ ،ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ .63

-34 ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻟﺍ -68

.70

-35 ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺹ ،

.105

-36 ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻟﺍ .127

-37 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻟﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺯﻨﺍﺭﻓ ﺭﻜﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ،ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ .20

-38

ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﻭﻨﺍﺭﻓ ،ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ

.193

-39 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻟﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺯﻨﺍﺭﻓ ﺭﻜﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ،ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ .21

-40

ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﻭﻨﺍﺭﻓ ،ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ .193

-41 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ ،ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﺯﻨﺍﺭﻓ ،ﺕﻭﻜ ﺩﻴﻓﺍﺩ -134

.139

-42 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﻟﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺹ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻓ ﻭﻨﺍﺭﻓ ،ﻲﻠﻴﻤ -81

.83

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