Activities in the region on the development of sampling methods and sample surveys

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."

ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA

Fifth Conference of African Statisticians

Addis...Ababa,_)O--October - 10.November 1967

ACTIVITIES IN THE REGION ON THE DEVELOPMEllT OF SAMPLING METHODS AND SAMPLE SURVEYS

l'i67-1062

_.:1' .•' _. .

Distr.

LIMITED

E/CN.14/CAS.5/20 24 August 1967 3rigina11 ENGLISH

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Activi ties in the region on ..the development ..: ,.

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of sampling methods and eample surveys

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Introduotion ' " .

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S1UDple'-, inquiries ·arehthe'· essential means of oolleoting some types of,g.a:t;a!required,in,planning,economic"and soCial development'and are theref.or,ercan;' importankc.onsideration .. wi th respect to improvements in the accuracy.','.:coverage;. and. timeliness of. 'African statisticB •. For this reason i~:~~,b~~B.;~u~g~~~ed,.i~R~7~¥1~ling methode .ana, _~~plEl sll:fyeys Should be included.as a special,topic in the,agendaO'of the,Fifth

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Conference of African Statisticians._{B ..L'1,1-} _~ _{q ' l} _{',.! ...} _{l~_'} _{_} .,:....; .• ; ... _1" ' ..'.,~__ • . ,: :;:,... '.

2. This·~paper·'presents'a.very brief r.eview of regional aotivi ties

relatin'gc,to\the";developmentand :appl:j:cati-on, of sampling methods. I t drawEi,uittenti'on.to .a number of. sampling topics of current ·friterest and

·.:a-Is.o','con,tains eugge st Lona.con 'means' :by ..which 'countries 'andthe

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,.'.,.-~",'~'). African; s·iihf~l~ :'8tirv~YB

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secretariat" rcan·co·:.:operate· 'in' improvi'n:g·and promoting the' use' 'of sample :inciufri'es .'hi 'the :region. : ",. :; ",

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As sampling hass.qmanY'"applioations in .If.idely differing,fields,_{~_·J,.a_~} _{_,\} _~""'.') '... . ' , _." _. . ' . it is first necessary to identify those aspects of the subjeot which are of

pa.rti'cuia.r'·i~t~;esii'~

"African

'stati~ti~al

offices. This 'can bes't

',-:. ,'.' _ .. ':'~r: .'". '_;-'... . _. ;- _. . ' ' : . ..L

be done in the light of sample inquiries undertaken in recent years.

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.^"';' The ,general,.posi tion concerning such inquiries is._u _{••, ...} evi~en:t1 from

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informat~c>n given,ip,~h~,following dpquments which have been. presented

. . . (, .. '. . . _ . . . '.,:;; J; ... .... .. ' t . . • . . .

to the Cql');fer,el')c,e.: ,.,f; 10' ,

5/_,,_.1 . " , _ , ) , _ " , ' . ' ' .

Study on pilot inquiries and post~numerationchecks'ussd: in conjunotion with African population. censuses" E/CN.14/CAS.5!17.

fStatus

of~ual

industria:i

'i~~ui;i'es

ⁱⁿ

Africa,·EVcN.·i4/C~"5/l8.

',v.:..~1 ~-~ . • •"~~'. • . . . . " . ' ," ~ .~- . ' . . , . . '

National accounts statistics in Africa,. E/qN.14/CAS.5/NAC/26

Ho~~ve~,~;~~?Ud~t'~~,:,eys'i~'Mrica, E/CN.14jc~.5/l:~;17,

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• E/dN.:i4"/CAs.'5!20''''

Page 2

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briefly as follows: '.:;,...,,:':'~'." .',., :.':" _.' _{.' 1} _. _...._,.;~ ^'^..,-

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Inquiries invdYing households are normally organised on a

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sample basi a , but their coverage has generally been-limited..---

',;:'", J •TheJ;'~·.}"s:an·,awa.:cc;1ess. of. the' need-.. f,or:, mor-a.c·omprehensive-.:

" <: ,,1inve.s:tiga,tion, of" the· char-ac.terd e ta oe .. and : acti vi:ti'es,'.of : house-I,;'

,-1.: ".._;~0:l.dB ..and a fe,<:;coun:tries have, undertaken: aurveys : at· national:,:

1: ley~l" b\l't ' c ost and ro'ther. problems' are' Lmpadarrg. progress'; ",.:',.1/

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A number

hr:: Afhc~c'oUnt:tie~{ prin~{~~l1y tho~e,1

^ili:

ih~'

,"'::", 1

·.'·French-

'lallg1..1.2.go·:ⁱ

group)

^have

~ us~d~-B~mplJ pop~lat-£g~~:8fu.i/Jy~ ,: ;.r0;~~~

. • '. . ~.; . '. " " : l .•.•..~ "j'"-~'T",,"';"l',"'l

as an alternati ve to popu Lati on ' censuses. In futUre'; this"^c ^{, ,} ^"

. ,,a.J;'ra.ng~,!,~nj;"se,ams likely to :be d.iacar-d.edr.dn ,favour ,0.1'c; ",' ,,',

.' ,o!,mp,let,e ~,n.~0.~ati,on..1Jut ,,::at,.~he,same :time; "sampl:ing,:mathode ",>'"

iJ;;" ..",.may, be ,,:,.se.d: ,in' inoreasing :,che "scope of .censusea "ftirnishing:,..';~J,

prel:Lmi~ary ,c.ensus )~ysults , -and . providing .a me.ane "of, super.vising

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j,and .eval~at,i,ng the enumez-atLon ...S-JJtple, lsurveys -ar-e,"also .,~.." 'n',' becoming Clore important as a means of', i'eetimat:i:ng,vi:ta): ,:rates.,c ", obtaining j,ntar-censal population figures and providing a _.. ,'.

~., -I; ' . , ' -, ,_,,;:" : : ••o ....~1..t

quarrti,~ative basis for etudies of inter-rei,,·t'ionsh:£ps"-between''-''

,..-:,'! -. Jde'm'ogr~p!l:tc arid econoliiic'and 'sod'al-'va:z...fabi'e's,. . . ';::';; ,,,. ,'c

~ . . " . ·... l.:·, " . . .-',.:'_ ....~.:

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'(3) Nation~.l a(;7l.cult>J.ral censuses -and eurveys have invariably,.,

. . :' '~"'.:.;'; , " ) : : .:':.j,. ,~".';' ~:"" :" .'- . .':.'. '.: ..:..·_·.:.,· ..·:·',r '-'-' involved aatnp Lf ng , lIhich is the only possible means of, ,

;-or. ;,~ '-'," ', .'- .l'-' ',.;':..J, __. ; .... , ·'~.1 . . " : " : ' . . . . . .'~J IJt~':'~..: 83

inv8~t:Lgatinst:o."'adi tionaJ. small aca.Le :farming, and also

, , _ , . • . _ . ~__ _ _, I . " -. ~";" -! ,'. :-' •~...

'YC', of ':coveJ.'ihg"a;:;:;,~l:cu1tuial'items that 'are 'subject to 'Yargs"

r;:,,~^...^:1'- -seas ona), .v"ai"ia1;l.·-ons_~ .

'Safl!p ling

'~me'thod'~'··a.rlci-~

'surveys'

_~ould~'::':"r::·,~.1!:

~ ^", " " - . ' . I '., li" c) ~

play the S8,"'9 r ol e in ag-.ricultlU'e as that described' 'above ""

rt." f~,..9-~~.Q~~i-'hi.c. :.i..!lq4,~ries;.._,~'.r: • . " _ " ", ~ ^{. ':}_~.t." ^-: ^" ~J..r'::

-...o:; ...:...~.~-., ".~:_...._... ._ .._ _ • •__ . _ . . -.' .~_.--..., - - . - . - _..~... - - . - - - ,

, , .. '-' , ' . '.' , . ' , ~'_"''-'" . ,) - . ' -;- . ' "'. i. -. '0( I; ,'0(,-' ...

,. (-4)'·rndu'ctrial 'st'at),stics i.s .'a'--fisld -Ln wlii'ch·'sampiing~'-appear'e

...:;\ ~ ;, ...: , r \ ' . -'.' li., , , ' , ' . ' j- " , " • 1 , . f '1 ' t t l E'.j~'·,'··,~:'

'-- ,. ,'. """,' to' have be'en..·ne'glected'j"·l!lrBe'ly' necause ·most 'countries--havs

;:"

~'dcihc'ent~ at

^ed",?

~bt'a{rt;D';l-:fr,if'otma t

iohfi-

cin~~tha.:Siar

^ger

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.. .- .• -,.. . .' .,0'".\ ,~- ""',,"_ _ " . ~\", r!,r,",,'{.;.~~,\

prod'uo'ho" 'and' heVe"not 'yet'''at,tempt'ed 'more 'comprenensive-:....

coverage.

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(5) Although not included in the ECA documents listed above,

. . .,

mention should be made of the applicatioriB"br-~sa.mpYilli(ih s"~f~~.J:,Jl;tati.st~p.s,.e~g,.: health.:suryey'~•.,~HQ.w:ev.!lr" ·nati.onal

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statistioal, offic.es do pot. u.sually haye ,dir,e.ct, responsi bility'::;

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^{0 :;' ,}.s'tc~.i.t.':'.'J..':l~!,ie,1jl, .'except. perhaps, with' respect to dssign !.~" '1·'·

and data processing. ^"1 ,::·~Z·.·· ',. . l~·,.:,-tl':';:-.:L...

6.

r~<;ll~e,cr?,:~:i!'-.t, w~}l ,,?e:sxamining~rican __~,~ple~surveys... more "t"

fully d~~ng:,t~e ~ext;.f,;'w.:\Don:t~'!' ~ j:>arj;icularly., >4J;h:;resp.Bot:to :questions!

of organisation, mllthodol.ogy, coverage, and compara):>ility:ofnlsults",t, • ,

:-';,.) .';.'.• ' ,.~\ <'. "_.-~ • -'.' ' - , . . ~... - -

Howeve~, the a):lOye .br,ief. c ommente may be s,uffici<;lnt(!to,.suggeet tJiat, ,:,,:, :'

.• ... 'I.~ J.~'''' <~·'·'Jl. . . _{~_} _{._~-,} " .

the princ,i patL~pplicati ol(!f[l, of: ,,!ampling . in . the, work of' Afri'can· statiistical'

office~ l¥,~; li~e~L!~J)~,..~.Z\,.h9use~old surveys .of' call types ,:agricultliral ,.

inquiries, ~~e oollection of ,demographic data,,~d .t~e :investigation

'':..··_·1,'"1 .' .,.... : ...':.:,~., .'. .- . ' , ._. -:' _:_" ~-:~; _;.~..:. _...;

of the·'sllla'l'l:er'·industri'a:r- establi ahmen ts.

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Regional activities in the development of sample surveys,

1961-67

. ,:" :--'1.

This section summarises those aspects of the, regional programme

...: :~) ·.-tJ'~1 ^w _ • • • ' . , . • I .. -

which are relevant to the development of sampling. The, two principal

• • . . _ ! - , I ..

activities are direot technical assistance given by regional advisers and members of the ECA Headqu,u,tei:rs' 'Elt.'aff,

~d tec~~~~l

'meetings'-' aimed at'

the"'im:provEim~n't

^'of'

meth~doi~gy~ci

the s'tali'dB::rdisation of

~ ~(' . i . : :"-'

concepts and definitions.

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However;'it should be'remembered that these activities are only

•. . __ • • • • . . . . • , • _ I t.• : ; ; . ... _

part' of' the'work carried out on' the' development of sample inquiries.

African statis'tici.l

bifices-'the~s~l;;~s'J:iave

^made

co~s'i~~~-able

^advances

in applying techniques, and experts

assi~ed"

^to

coUntri.~s'\y

^{UN and}

.... • ~ ^{. . •}~ ¹^- ^. ^{. • -} ^{. ' ,} ^•' I ' , .~"'.

its Specialised Agencies and by"other multilateral I.nd-bilateral organisations have,'made:.a':,significant -corrtr-ibuti on;: ^As'_thi~ papeii: ,,,

<:eals only with ECA. advisory 'services 'and<m:th meetings arid other

projects in which ECA has been directly involved, it must nece'ssarily--'--

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^{\ ) '}

be considered'~incompletEi: , . ' - , . . ; : ! v . . " ' • , . .

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Regional. advisory servicee

9. .From early 1961' until April 1967 there were 'tw'o

i-eii:on'a:i

statis.tical advisers'worting

princ~pally

^onSilmple'

s~veYB',bui

^sinoe

April ;there has been only one. Some aQvisory. assignmehts'have been undertaken by members of. the secretariat. '.' '. "', ' j " , ' . .,

10. In ).the .six and- a·half ye'are during .which the' advi'so~i:s';;'nice ^.

haB.been:'~perating,assistance

has been given to B'om'a

30

prin:oipsL ....

~'

projects^Iinvolving, sampling .in 20 African' countries;' .Thesear~"ii~ted'~' belnw, ,put it.should berioted·thst many of 'the projects have i'nvol~ed:···

1ll0I;e·thanJone ,advisory visit. Also, the list d06s'riot:'inClude'any ..: ;

aqooun t of ."or~,undertaken simultaneously.on non-sampling:proje'ots; ';

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'Advisory participati on in sampling project.s,

196i-67

~. .... ^, .

Alge-;"is 'Household budget'

s;:U:;'ey' i:i:Alii~r;~-:-:-

^{.. - .}

".':·L:;··:·~~-":-

':Ehumeration

are~

^or-gand^{aa't ion}

for:'~OPUlat':i';n

^csnsus

,,' and future sample surveys.

....^: ^'

household eurvey.

< ( ' - . -

w. bYa.

.'

.

TwO;;b~

household budget suryeys, Prelimi~ary_. examination of plans_{. '} _fo~

.

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future nati,,?~l

.^{" . \}

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~ '." , . " ~•., '.

Nati onal multi-purPos.7 survey covering demogr~:phy,

education, employment, housing, agricultural. 'structure, ,.,

, .^' .

.

^. ^{' .} ^{' .} ^.

..

^{' , '}

. cultivated areas, and agriCUltural, production ..:.

Morocoo

. :,

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Household cons~ption Development of future

J ' .

survey.

survey programm~.

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Sudan P:i,lot. household eurveys in. urban and rural areas·. .' Demographic surveys i.n mai,n tovna-. '.:

. ' . J . '

Also note that there' have been other assignments. onstandardise.tion._

of nomenclattcreD,preparation of establishment indexes, 'etc whioh have a bearing on sample surveys.

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Page 5 Cl ,C''::.,'i

Tunisia Consumption s~y~y_~n.cen~ral.and.e6uthern~disiri6ts.

• ~ o~:"[.... ~ ~...1 .•~

ll:'~and..

Enumeration al'8a organisation for P?~ulat~on ~~n~~s

J ~~. ' •. ' . ' . ' : . . . . .

:.j:":L1

" 1',', {J."A.I!.,: ..,Ji;valuatior. of:,c~vi'l,regis·trationscheme'.' ^J^fl.:::'!^{~l i~'l}

WEST AFRICA ^"

,.C·,:,";:; J;l!lJ1q~~y., Pati'onal household survey. ^;, .. ' _" -,:...I'1·~, :r

'lC" ':Ohana:;y;·: "National> s'a.mple population survey.

ro.' ,,' ~ ^d.:,.) ^[I: ^"

"Design

of' pr-oposed labour force survey.

'S~plir,'g larraiJge'ili~nts'for WHO projec'ts~

.01L

'rcL'fb~ha:'

. 'nehibgraphic'

add _:hous~hoid

inquiries:''.''

. ,

>,:~.nr.:-:;·l_

Nigeria

~'J:'li:,."':::·':' '},;

DemogrLphic, rural economic, small industries, and,

~l• '. I ' . . . , -.~ • ' . • • ., •••.• ,

urban household budget surveys.

Se~egal Vital ~tatistic3 surveys.

':.i!?:;:''':"::.:1',>" ":j-.l .. : 1.-.,j .-.;:.~ .'~,_~ •• 1 \ " ... .r

",)?~~r~a:'!",Rw-al"and urban Leone

•~:..~!~ •.::.<3'::.',. i "; ' '."

demogr apha.c andrhouae ho Ld budget" surveys ,

! .', '. ;.' :"', ". _~••

CENTRAL,AFRICA'_{\ . -}

.~.~

.... _...

^~... ^.L,J ^.;'.'

.,

..

^' ^.

-' ..

^,..

.

^','-'

and household budget surveys.

_: r , ",J:-rl:

,::'~camerdbn·

'RUral"and'

;urban"demo~aphic

';. D,,', ',::' ,1." ," , ) : , .-r _ •.•.: : .J , . ' . ' ' .

Oabon Urban household, budget survey.

__.I·~·": ·;~1J.~ , ..•.. ',;,:,__

Congp(Jl), U~:~a.n: hO~<;;,eholdbudget.survey, ^~.' ^oJ ^1. ^~'^..^J;:';" ^,1,1 :UCon'go(I<;) Urbanc.ewog'raphic and'household budget" surveys;' , ' , , j

EAST AFRICA

.' Ethi~pia ~ban h~usehold budget surveys.

. , I·: _J: ~' - -''; --' ,', .' "'.. ,,

"

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:'"

,

:,'..

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Design of national sampls sample survey and rural

"'l[i; .. ':'c " " h6useho'ld)1nldget'etil:";ey;' ^{, J .:'}

cJc- -,~..- ~... .1."'-'1.~ .:.-::J' ':: ,

'Kenya Sampling scheme for ci vil ~egistration,^pIoje?t.

"l.":'..i';" ~ [~:., " ' . •' ~; '~.' -l, . ;~:. . . .1•• > - . - '

Rural household survey.

.!.;_~l .,:':',: ~/-:;_l:' b~";_~,,· -:': ,. ,,~

L~,f\,~Pho,N§lt~,q~?l-.i_,

-

^-, ^-. ^" c oneumpt i on and, expenditure. survey, '(ruralh Zamb"J.'il.'):':De'velopmo~1;.'of sur';ey" programme.

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-.;0; ," :;., ~ " _

·'E!CN.'14!CAS.5!?,O

Page 6 .

;c.,

TechnicaL-meetings and other projeote

11. ..Durfii'g·the <pe:r'iod 1961-67 the;~e'have been' a number of meetings,

1 " , •J ....

training courees, study tours, etc, either directly conoerned With or relevant to the deyelopment of samplein:juiries. These·\are l:ieted belO1i/1 Study tour in Tunisia, July 1961

Following the Second Conf'ez-en ce:

the Tunisian Government and.ECA

of African Stati'atici'ans' ih- Tunis, organised a short studY"tour for

. '. ..: ' --

,.

^-^",

the' purpose ~f .e~amin~ng.surveysthen. bein~ qpnduoted in the fields of agri.cujture, household .transactions and industry.

.. ^{' ; ' .} .- --

in houaeho

. .

Ld budget and oonsumption .. surveys.,c.Li breville,^'" ^~--- September 1961..

~)r::.; ~. _ ,

The oourse was organised. jointly by th~ Gove:~~en~s of Franoe Training course

21 August to 26

and Gabon and the United Nations with the co-operation of FAO.

There' were 26 participants from 15 Frenoh

SPSaking:cothtri~~

,,~~., .~(no~.:a~J. Af:r;ioan) most of whOm were about to',enter' the _~'~To"

of their countries on completion of university studies. 'Th'"

principal consideration was the organisation and

utih,§at±on:'6f:-':~'

surveys of household conuuapti on and expendi ture and,.th~ .course

, ,::.J' I I ' 1 -. , , .

. provided an opportunity io review the role of this type of

. ' • _ : . ' J~:; ^{. -:- ( .}

survey as a means of providing 'data for economic and social planning. It was also intended to establish·working 66rifiot', between

.

^-

^..

^.;'.p~.rsons^~ who ".ould in :future be responsible fOJ; ..~!J"can

surveys.

.;,

consultants on household surveys, Addis Ababa, l~.

._{_~3}<i.,. ": ::;>":. , .. ' . _ ' .. ' .

This project was r squested by the Second Conf'arence of African Statisticians and brought together 11 experienced statistioians

_~ • , . . . • , " . • _ • • " • "~1. • : . " • ,:u

from ~rican' countries and 12 representatives of UN and othsr

Working group of 20 December 1961.

agencies with particular interest in hou~ehold ~urveys. The·

9r_QuP.·r~vte:wed past:

and

cw:-rent ·hcUCGbold eurveys'r in AfrJ.:oa:/

made an inttial attempt to c;larify the methods._. _.. ll.Il~objeo~iv.e!l

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..

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.]f.'.QN~M""'C~.'5!20\3:

Page 7' 8 ~&£~

of such inquiriee under African conditione, and propoeed methode .,

'':~:r.:~. Ys.-·~.~

..'

;>!.i'jj-, L.~;":':"'.I;" ~'-;':·)'HL;)Iq .0:1.0 F'..1Dl').:tUi.;:;.j-,;) ".10 .7i.1-:J'IJ, ~J~}{'.!;)r.

of developing survey programmes as part of the regular work of

r.~ ~-'.':t...· '-':1:- 't~ ~t"~~t;....r 11 ·-·'ff'-··..,o·e'e':t~Y" "oru b0iJi:.1Lf~·IO acv f.;~l\t()f.J;,' a.i:.d'l.' ... '.. ·na l.ona:...:·s a -1::e l.ca··°'0 1: .":.• '- ... ~ .

'.Iri.7. ... :: 0"- ~\;{:; ^{.... )} d:;,).~J.t ~.~':.B~: 8d".nL.'G'I0·j: ':'~' ^8.'3;: ,t~:jG:f0 ^G;;.r, bns-.

StudY'tour in UAR and Morocco, 22 October to 11 November 19~1_

\!"" ..·).J,;"".t~:v.Jj ^';.: ^{t ...}i;-',..:..J. <J:{:r let :'::f~:J..i:J'':'':''_lJ·.ro j.'.;;)XJa,.rjJ.;ja I1':':{:I.r'IU~)':O The",J~tu;eJ:.~.Lt,ou::.}'~~^L'!:r:g.a.:;,~ ~e.d }?,y,~~, ~~c!. ~q '!P_d .~:tE!i(!?,J:1j,e.q,~: £~>ls a .~~J.t_,?-p.l·J.c.f .'.~~~~.t~~~Pct}.'.}LPV~~J'9- ~~"e~'t:~~Jl.;~t...~e ~~Bunl~ri..e~;~~f!!.~.~d:,!~

with particu.~~.:.:r;_~~~.F~PC}~~}~~.}~p....~r}~~.,ri~\J~t~ l!3..1.1.!FJ~~YEl·,)..tIAJ.H~, the etudy tour was attended by 14 participants from eight,

, I I ' .r r- • ,,'ra b,".o,O,'G

c:i.,:,t..:: ..:-~l~',:,. li.·.1'J..Ll. 1:;:":"'11 ~'r.::.'·.."':;'. ~.~"~::;J,"""3.:J ^;1"[1. ·~~.iCv,n.:... !"!Q '~:l~,.:'':'~ ^- ~

Afr~oan countries! two mor-e parho~pante Jo~ned ,the group ,

.Sdf?L. '{.J:'J': \ S-.:.(':" ..:~!rf.::.r:fA

in Moroooo. The studies in the UAR inoluded statistical

~~.~j ~(:brga.nI;Biit·iolf/p()Ih.i:j:at'i~nland

lagi-iU"cultux'al

^c

'<:c£ensueies:,s rslirvey"Sir

;~⁰_,fdfJ

agri"clil-turEiir "pi:' ddtiC

t'":i.{Ori;':8,n(r::·"tlie(,ia"bbrui--.;-~

f·orce!'1turve'"y. ^v:·tH·;O

^a

Moroec'o, -the'''princ'i'Pal~itopieVof:Ofiht'8r~S-t 'was'''t'Jle~ niB:n

ona:J.Y'L:

^a

rauLti,",purp6se~s=vey<de'ei gned:l:toscJbt'ain 'i"nf

erma.t'i'on

^s^dil^T^{'t 'Ji'e}¹^{" 8}

prinoipal demographic, economio and social"'Cnaf'ac'te:tl'st1'os Qil

Technioalt^meetLngvon',food" coilsumpil'On surveys';i ilabat'J^J317tJ.25')J(l:1:y 19'63'^o'O'lI

;:;"v·::")~ ^rJ"r ^' ^r;^.11 ^.•r: '.:' r'~";~. ,;·:~.LL fLt~~ .b~,:J ;:.~.'~,V'.uJ,"J. slljJ.c:~^{..· 'lD} j-n(t~"f{('\i:')\rob

--The meeting was organised by FAO and ECA at the request of the -i: .:.: ,;'."~'i ^<u ir': t,~ ^,:;:: ^,f:, "V',i~,:~:'r;':; 0~'.C:'" ^H·;":d ^...:7n.3~.()'--"'-i ON,: .97.i::t~;J£'.tAO

Tenth sa'ssion of the FAO Conference and the Second Conference

":u'j";' .-'-'r. ~"i r , .... / .....l.::-: y'-.,:,,"'J ~~:J.t'!',C',l.:~L:. C~:"^•.-l::~'", ':~'l.tJj-~'.'Joi.'I".y:" ('S j·~O:"Ic.:31.

~ - of-Afrioan Statfsticians and was attended by nearly

30

statistical

-, .,.~ r...,. ~'"t; ^;"i' ^• ,1"" ·",c' .... .L.F.-~n:.rilic.i:'!r.t, _.;. :.().-:r:-.cI:jt~(,D [L0~.'l'~\. e.U 'tc

°arid'nutrition 'experts from African countries. Its basio purpose

f.C~·.I,: ,;,:~'- •_~•. " ,; _.;'~';'I '; l~'-,;"-""" !;t"..J~ ;!u.::;r~,.\•.:,:·o('· ~,~ o :..Ju,y·~ -,:,p1j:·:~.(()l~ 9ri.':~.; .a:'"I;l~)'I'::.

- . was-to consider'the'application of-tlie FAO'Draft Programme of. '

11 J r~i. .:i.:1:'>:'. ^'J_" G,~i·;;(}C'~.'t 0.-i:!· .D:-<":.Jl"\_ ..~ ...-c .)'J_:~ {:JJ·.i.l:';:UJ0UJJ ·.1tJ,1J",,) ~'!.~

Food Consumption Surveys under Afr1can, condi tions, b~t an .

':':;:,~:" ^;J ^,...~~,' ~''',' ,'".,,:","J')"J 'I',.1:.;..'b'L ("::17 ,.;~.ct.t!J.f"..£ ~~. ~t.'F!.oaq8 OIH'{!"'l-';Ol"':-3.D

important additional topic was the relationship between food

(~.:: _~,~,:,""'~:.::~j ,11:.'-_·' ..J: ·Li,·V). 'j1~';- ^:1.( ':":.l'::'~·:!sp .L3p.f.::~I~',)j'::: l.r.;.f{Q2:~n.!l'I,jj.'1.j:

consumpt10n surveys and 'other household ~nq~r~es.

a::.:,.;.r:'';'.~':.)D' .~; ~ .i.l-~.:i. .i .:...a ; U;yr: ~:: .l»j"'IOlI'";,';~ ^a^r ;.lo.r...:iH "oL')!l.1:.:Ci ~jliiiCI:'1J3U

African seminar on vital statistics, Addis Ababa, 14-19 December 19'64

::;:;.~.·=:l' -: :': .~.~.:")~ .,'r~ ~_:::.;r::::~s '):"i,J ,j~..l:t r>t'-.':1~: o a ..!.!", nL.Jo_ia _~r

..

E..I ThE(,u"5em}}lax~:w:~s.,o,:r:~iU',i~I"1~LR~,

!2.9AsfHl: d .

~l?-~J ~~,St~^t~i~ti£a+:,.:pft~~~: ⁱ³ q~'

.d

J[T~.?-i ~t1s r.~:~~r,~~~~,. ~~,. ,p~~:~c~.vrvn} ~{Lf..F'lD!li~J2L-!ifri8

..

_ap~...~o~jtf!,E!B

,-,r

^0180;;0';1

plus a number of consultants. The point of interest,.~jtp2.PE-~~~~\e

context is the discussion of tLe meeting on the use of varioue types of sample surveys for obtaining estimatee of vital rates during the period before African civil regietration sLhemee beoome fully established.

(9)

E/CN

;14/(./AJ?,r,>!~O~"

Page 8 I'

"'"D'l

t:;bDr.[jSr.1 i'.~~;(,r'''''J''~.' t,nc. • :.3rr:;;··i ••:) ..: :~·;;'.Jt:'T"j,.'- '':..'J.:''':' ':':,·--j!'ci:' .i:. ir- '.:.1'

WorKing group of s~atisticiansand planners, Addis Ababa,

22-27

July

196,>.

'Je, {{':'".D~! 'I.(.;L~.t..~~"': _'':1':: 'J;'J ....·1:..^,,1, 7.:~ <':c·.•;:;.'..:'·r,J'··~ .'. .:..:...:; ~'._:;.. :' ,~:.: '; ..

This meeting was organised by EC,4.;~d,:·"t.hs,TB' ,Statisti~c.a;t.pf·:l,'ioe ~

and .it~ objeo~ was. to formulate.b~~icidsas ,pn the programming "

loPi 'I"a:;i"V~),_ J.~ '.J;;- .::'<"::'~~}: _.:: ~2',:~' :.:'....•. -,~~, .: :"..C ':.J "~ ~.J,.;+jG

of African statistical operations in the light of development •

"<req\fire\n'eli't's'.

in' iilis\ a:t'te";·ci.~d 'by -n. .Africari'countr'ieJ~'The';'T

reievant"i:>Efrt''6ftithed~;Bcussh:ini}cortoermr''tha' 'P'iaoa'of ii"EiYd"

.iHqufrlesO'wTthihIn'~t'iona:ls'eitat'i!sti'cal:pr'o,irammes.,'" 'C',",::' j , " ',:

:.h:iclt 9 i:--;.).'!·:t ~\·~lC·li.:::!"Jr;(c.... ~I '.~j.r jrl~!1J:~:;;":.J '.:;.,:~i ..~, -:- '''is- Second seminar on labour .statist,ics, Dakar,

11-29

April ~967, Addis

(..r!(.'l~ 0UJ .uO.t.1.\:O:. r::-;l..:;~~....'.:.:r:-t.:J C"".C,;! ':Ii,: ~ _.r·:-:L!.·· <,,,:'::,'!:.

Ababa, 8-27

iMf!l~~fl;.J':; l::~L)..:.l

^..^<L). ^·l;'..^!;

:;;;~;

^ts: S(.,::..;,J· ..·• :):.(

.:">:'\~(,'T.;:.;

^..

~ ~~~

Tl:!J,;bs,e1'l0ar._0'ta~sd,R:r:,gB!!i_,~~.!i..

.1>y.

'~kO ,~d'

,J"CA

,!l:fj, t'Ji' i,1'\~e!1sJ..v.!l,._t:ra,ining cOlffpe,\fc?FDPf.rj.,c'H'-~st'~:t)J':tiqioan_s,,9qI!.0~z:.l,le~l,-,

w?- t1J:

!i-.o,u_~)l.91(;t blJ,dgst

surv:~~~c

N'-En

c~!1~slJEl\'.r ,p,:ri~,e, ,ipd~ce~:" ,Jl,lld,]:_,~~s .'~'f!l.llge_d ~n:,t.wo", seP¥.'~t,~., s,~.s,s_i9,J;lsjfpr J!i-'?; ,F'!'eP-9h..AA,d,j;hgl~ah.. language..groupe

1 ::~ .r-;~.:^{j ,} ^\

12"

It appears that there have been a significant numb'Eir' 6f'MrL;an

meet~!?-~!!~<il.o~ge:r^j a?'j;,~Y:i- ti~!, )l~ll'?!' J,9§;L,.",hi"h· are' re levant; to. the"CI'_"G':- development of sample surveys, and the list given above ia by no ~eans

=l(l";' ·tl~ .'- • .-.-,(-,.., ..( ~. l+ j'~ I r,'.! ' . ' .)"'J Y.. ' ",;' ..^·1 ~ ; -r' '.'1 .i,}'ol.:, :~rl'

exhau~t:;'

^ve;

ho~P;Ojts b.a' m;'d~ c'~nside;~;;ie ~~nt;i

^but1

~B

^wi

tb.~,

:·j.':[i311:..'·j:-::"'~ J"': ... :,')':': ,:.;:;.

>_..:;

':.:.'i·:··-:.'~1:·):. '.,;'. .,~. . _ '.'':-,'?').~ :1.'''--:''-;'.

resp~ot.to a~iou~tural sample inquiries larg~ly ~hr9ugh t~,?,~q~i~ties

[;·-"DJ.;lnrrJJ;;-'::: ...L ';;L'~Ul'( ^\.' 1.' :~_:";:\.-.;; ^{c, ....}> ^Dl;. ^{' . ' . '} ^",' ' . • . . '(":;; _. ~"'~ -'-~

of the African Commiesion on Agricultural Statistics and ite working

u.:!oq'JJ.Jq: ,""':':3f.:.~rf e

r ; .-. .... ;.

^i...,l"~J'Jc., i.~-..:) _k':i_i~ _, .:.: -.;"!. I .. - , ) ' : '~ ~..; :[fJ' £'J: I groups~ The working groups, on population and hous,ing ..ael)su!,~e ",rEl,ported

10 9..r.:.r!J.",;·1~.~'1'{ ~l.'":·.ft ".1,-1__ ...1: . ; :.:. .... :~:::.. '.:. . . • r .' . . •~I.· , . ;.".

in other-d'O'CUiiientS;-liavs- considered the, funoti ons of samp:j.ing ,i", ~he S:..!:· ,j,UrJ ~i":..-·_)_:,,~:, .~ .J.-·~_·':til,. t·,.::c_·! ..:.~~'S..:":-.~:~ .,__._.~..:...._.::..:.:_:;;';-__-'::.?-:,:...l;

demographig sphere. In add~tion, the regular ,~ourses,at,th~ v~ious -,_.:»i fl·~t:~I;j....'J ',.:.:_::r·: ...^,l·:A.:t'1 C',!! ;-:..:~' -:'~'.'. ,.1.,> . '~.'I:' .,_~_t <-(lolL.

international statistical centres in the region include training in

-J~.t···.i:.··Qlj ; ) " " ; " " " f ,,-.'J": , : '."::;:;' ... ':(,',..,~_~"::'::}

sampling methods, o;hich":ts

's~PJ:l;:;t'~d'by

;:ractical field sxercises.

, , "c.;;>0';.1.r "IGr..l~,!~nPl_ ~l.-·~'._:'.r - . .. (.- r ' •~t'. ~~.i.~.;)-1." . , '; "'.'-,,--... t . ' . ~ .•. " ,'.,:,l:<::. n,;,'.::;,~ ,:"r.~

13. Ii

should also be noted that the IN SEE in Paris are setting

r ~:""\.'i i ' . ~~ ; ' f , ,,~ ~.)';; f · : . ' • . ' .' ' : ' 1 ,r!"~'" ) " ,

up a Researcli"Group't'oreva:luate -the "accumulated experJ.snee·' of the . household·

:'bwrge't;·aurve~~i({tc'a.r~ied'"~Tut';ovei'-

':ths' -last'

te~;;y~'a.r"a'iri'

^?tench

'.+ .'... '~.;:.

<:., ,

,J.·v • ",:",•.

.

~

..

'.:-

' , };'.'

;,

H , . . • • •

'.... ~

,1 •..

• , . ) '.i

(10)

•

Sampling.r-topiOS:rof ..current interest)~:':'L ^{' j}^{i l l} ^..^:;-';'r:.; ;_i£.1.~l:"o',:b 'to 20;;-;, t.1 .;~

s.

14'i~0f!(Tl:iEr''tllohllJ.ca:l'i8i5EjoY8

^"of

s'ini'il~elld~'JiBk~~e'of"'i~;i~~e·s;f\~;£h~~~

^l'iL

selv'eB~;'[btI¥"n~¥d~ ·fc;L:.be

^J

~jtS~ki~(i-e~l~a. ~i~n~t~e'r~t"i~o~' :t~1h~i::~ohdiii~~\\~d~;) ~:)

_,..._. tl ...._,.r<....'~l1 ^{, ....}~.:^• .. . : . i ' j , :"'1~ ~;:~r.:.^{•• ,: ...}_:,::-~7.::,^...' l l . ' ) "t( ~~^...L ..",.. C.;' C';' .. ':l~'.J...l.'"]

wliioh aU:t'Veys havs' to'']je~ oonduoted. Tho following notes draw a~:tentJ.on...

to

som'e}:of·'{il'e-'t~iQb'i;;"OalCl'a.h"dc'pi~5t~c';,:iii~bl~mB"~tipi:.~:se:';'t·f~ci~·J

^{. '}

l,'~

Afrfc{i£ht s(ia"tis't1'd:r{inv~;?r-e1fp16~~'r~i~ ;f~r;)th:-~;i~i f ~·~Plit:lJir·~~s .

..l.-t!~^.. ~ih:...a:: ..~".::..j:,,~-.YJ.l"..i.-=i ":(~ ':.'c:--t.:'j· ;,'0...; '':'J'':' O'.'-.o.d·'>Ji'>.";:'o U:. ~""l-: ^...I~tJ

15. .

_A_...^,"1~~?'~r?'lJt~~ll'J,Jo. .... ~J~l ^<"1. . . _'"~9n~~d~~.~j+~l, ~ - ~ on,,~:r!~_!}?:Jg.~.rC" !th,~(, rp.~.9~9~~:.' ar!!-~+~bJ~ :ft~r~ ~·lr, ^..~~^P1"r.

fie ld oper-ations, construoti on of s~!'l-~:l.lgA·~B.!!le!!"c:!<~est~one,:;re'1ahng,c--, "

t~ sample design, means of organising field work to prom~te ~~~~ ')1

-"f;'''"-n;''''' ... -,l"\·'J"'!'vr,,r· .':,' ;~l...r~l·J·:t ^{I ' !} _'.:[ . . .J•.';C:,:-. ('.; ~ ^1....j.·, . .' v.I. '''.

reoordd'ng'lefficierioy'j layout of questionnaires, oontrol of non-sampling

'-"1I:'.l-.-.-.-. ~:.. ."~,...,, l'r:.~,·· ^'1,' ".Jl.~. ^7;,'-:- ,,:.:·~.:i.~. ~~tf'.··:-~.L:,,- ~~'f-, ..l.'):J\.; u~.:",~... ;:

llIrl:ors j"and the'"'prooessing of results. Tliere are in faot impC'rj;ant ,. "

. . _,' . , ... -./,- .},- ''''''.! 'JfiO.:..,,:J~C...

t,.,PJ!(;s :i-iJfe'va:Bi "t8':'ii'aJi£:i'In~-'ihXollgg6~t

^'\11e'

seciu:e;'~e'~f

;perations... .

. r . . . . . . ._~ ,: 0J"\ 1 ' - · ·... r:H{ '._JV/~'J!i

...t.-..;",I~.- ,:j-;'ji'(·---:O'J.-:' .L_J ....ir)S) .Ll'..S J.:'.f'i(,r:"f.:';·.C':'l .1-."1.·1" .J'''", .~

.omprJ:Sl.:ng'-any survey. - 1 " , \ _ . " ,.,.. ^Cj j.~;J ·-{.'t,ni::.r.-i.l '!:

'l..:.J ~io yo::oI').:<ri·, 3_1;1 r-~c tf\~"(~C.l cl ...:.~~,. {-,.~.i.'J.,~(':,..; -~ '-l.:.l ~.-s

16. . During the last six years, African discussions "on .,the ,development,,- ,

~,,-• .i::... c~· i~"" iJ·;')qr-'"l.I ;1'J~:·':'.: "':.l:j~'_'.',: ^,.\ ^... ,~i.J~I'._J ^I'J !,.1."..~,^...._1'.,..1,.' . . . . . ,,"-'" .~

of sample inquiries have co~sistent~y,,emphasised.. 1h.E! need f.o,r -',q,o.~.t.r,i,,~,s ~t

"-~h~ ,':..3'l..i<... ,:;;:t.r,:l':" :-':',. ')_', .tff' '·'-;.11..." ... ·'_ ." ' . , ~""-' '~ .. -

to deve Lop permanent field organisations. A f,ew oountries havs"suoceeded,'!

r(-~:t,;-i1....~Y~'-"::.; {•.~:H:;'!:'~ ;j"~' ,"~'~ :::Ol:.~', ^-(i', ^{• • •}~. -:" ...~, ,.~ " , < /.. ' . - , , - , , ... - . , , '"

in doing this in conjunction wi,th the, establishment. ,of ..branoh statist~lla.13 J(1"',:,:::~U:.~I':!~LGo(1.['Yi':',JLOrl-:l.r-,,;.r '.f"':",:-.~...'..;..'..: ...1 , , " , 1 " ".' -'- ' ...".-.,.'~.- ... ~ t off1oee in important .adminis~rativ,e, cel1tres, ^,b~Lin,^mapy ^c~s,e.s,,;tAe,e,""J tt:»

f':0i.;r.no!.·lJ~~.."',"'_,'t'.] '!-:.J: .l:J.~,;.:.',,~'J'i, o. .."!:'" .~'1 ^{k "} ~.~. 1

resources needed for extensi^VB fi,eld "work'!LIld fpr, continuing ,pr?grAAm~ts:,::

f!.0i.~'lVl':i:·r••tt. .i: 8.:.... .:::1J. J:l_~~·"""":·!:.,.- \:1_' ' - ' p.. . " .~. ., - ' . ' .,--

of surveys _ar~.. not Y,et availabl,~~:'I~_" __^-+ ^-;-,_'~.,.:u· ... r, t:'j.( ..~., ^{'.' '} :~; O-~'F'" ¹ ^:.:-,

~~:o1 ~,nlJ.~::,''''~l ~':.' !.;..\~ ~;J. :.:l..\.1. ^II ~'j

17. S,~~!,,~ip~l£I'!-"',I's.,!'-J',!'ct.P...§l.,. fil.tarting . point for'tall"'survey'- activ'itie~"j^{j , '} and prese~lj!)l¥lJl'lFr9b~,e,!,e~'c9J:le·_.of.,the :mos:t-!use£ulctypes of'frame';inl'd'I=~

Africa:,~~,.,⁰p!l1il}E;j?:'If:ro,,!,.~l;t~.,!i,iyisi:on :',of,',countries into, enuaer-ation"

areae""

for the PUf:po!,,~^j ^o:lf:,?()n<;i,l,lo~i_ng·,p-0pula ti:on, censusee. ,This is', ba,sica:liy"'':' ';:., \ a s+t;',p'l,i~'!:El,d <;c.a.t~.q,g:r~p.l~i~ .exsI;cisC'lf".aimed. at obtaimng'

s:-

br'eskd:own"i" .'vc,'Ii into area~ 1~!.:Q,?}'~?!!i.el'l,t,e"iz,e, .,,~ose'Jbounda,ries ,can' be·identi:f'iEi"d

:"rlv

^01'0'"

the

grow,;i,::,.~~~~ee,~s,lik~lYcl,1ha,t

-i·.t wil·l· .bA:a !SUbjEfcit ofepe6iat .dO.G.Ll,·'-p

interest in the 1970 ;round .C?fS.c,~nsu.ses,.and i t"couldt be'·an' impor'tant'''''<L',O;;o:

faotor in improving future sample surveys. Related ques.ticana"ar,e, the, .OS

"'-Lin.:.':;.; .t,:'!:; :'J~.: ,~.r

..

^,:0'" ^,'j ^,_0 ^~(',.k.2 ^{·t' ....}^{· l · .} ^'·1.... '".,)..I.,: ....H_." ~_.,., -~...

need for

t~l:-';;Jg"::~~, fai,~ c~f,;',,;:§\:r;~2'~~.ts.,B:g~:or~Jlg.

^",to,

"n.~era~.i~m'I~_e_8§,{

in order to"provide data for stratifieation, apd th~.e,s:j;ablis~e!1'~'i?:LrrJ""')'"

l.;:j.~:~ "'le ;.,~;.t·l:;l;j~H.J..::) :'.~ -:.:!:';l. t~' :.,l.,'. ~ . -~ \~.l..' ~ ^{, ...} ^I ^{.... ,)} ^• ^"

arrangements for reyising enumefati,ol1< are,a .orgapi':'j'o,fio~'il,,,,?n,a,,?P9j~!1!-'4!1g';,j'~

t:':'" , ...:~U '!.:,."'I.,j.:J.L ·.co r!lir;'8:;~, ",.'. '~)""") ', ..J_. - .'~. •• , •.

basis. '

(11)

E/CN.~14;'C.Afl.5/20,c;

Page 10 ," "'}.',,,"l

18. Lists of' dwelling units are als(t'\l!?~g:~s.c,t::tatile,s;,_'parJ'j;c:utarlY,L,,;!.'~:

in uxban areas. Howev'!r, their ?-p'p'lication ,is de,pendeni<"On,}lOlllpl!ltenesil,.1

,.• :i,"i.t; ! •.r i : ..~.::~ -!,.:,:(. t.t'·U ;.~:.,.,f"ll ~"\L'i"" ~' ^{' . , \ '} ,~.-.~ ^, ^{. ' -} ¹ It:

of ooverage and on the. consio,t,ep.cy witp whicb uni tS",ar!!, def.ined,:,; M,E!~:t.i8!'1 .:-..:tn,~] r"[1:::,r.,;/,., .,.) ,.'~" :.: ". '.,:} ' J , .~J ^. '... , _ . J , ' . " ..

should also be made of current industrial inquiries ,,' ,:where "f'rames!' ar,e;;:

~-';..I;~:,j.rLi i·;:.'''~:.~' .. ,;r,," J[i!.i'''~;~'-) t·.::l; ~r"."\:'>-"'" -.: • ,._ ....~' , , ' - ' - 0 ' '''-:'-''

often built up on the basis of ad hoc informationj" ,the.disadvantage ).. (>'

...~r;:c'i.;,\ :!".: ...;.~:.'.~', :•...j r l ' : .. ';('''.'.' .:'J..J:~" . . " . : , .c»:.: ;'.';;l,·" .:.. • . ~ '

of the arrangemont is'the d.ifficulty in asseBsing ,oq:vers,ge", even, tb,o,ugh.;,

.:,;::. i";.~'u,~cj; .",.::.:,;,:,~.' r. u,.'.:..r'·~;'~:":J:·'" .:J' ·r').: ~J.·J.:"::;".l·:'I-=!'""·J. BD.·,;J.~"" <'-"'."~'" ^{·1·.··;,·} ^-,-,'

th1S may be cons1derable for some types of production. Both W1th _ respect',c'to dweliiiiK uiiH's"

'ana:'

eni.b1.i\lhri1'entlJ';^'j,

ih~~:' i'~"\~eL:.d;;{i{~~al, "::~

problem;! -Of',·keeping.'t"ra.mef{\i~t04i.£ t'e:~I~'^c ";,~\ ^,:).r..:;'~;J':'j'^,)tX)·, ~^i.··or',i:,~':_, '::'~":;' J.":';'aI. :;,

'-";:llbt:'.:.D ,-:·:r.:;:·:)·,:.. o " ~:'::'j: .;'."..'..:.'""<~ :"):·.l~·!d:'·<'."'-:~l ~': :"':~;-'''·rj. ^:.i.'r....:';j:~~Cl.:·. ;'._::<:;l.'~.,.; ^{r ,}^j.

19. Wi

tli regard to "samp.Le design, ~hElre ~e, adv;lJ:ltagl'!oe.;i~;aclqpt~n~'l(;'j:"":

·'''';f,; ..L.:l::j::'::-~",·:: .~? .~J':..~.j.~,)^•., ~::"!·j.I_.~".·i:..~,;£.,·~_l;' :.,.; •.. - ... ' ,.~,._'" " .••

schemes which are relatively simp),e, but there a:r:e,st~;n,m""y important;...

:;:';:,:i"Yr,fj:r:: ::·n·.;"L n .... ';:: ') ; .... : .. ,~",,:, " .~.':'" .,:' J' • • ,.~,.'• •,.!. .".~ ^,I ^{• • •} ~^...." . _ .

questions-for 'consideration. In tbe oase of the area. samples, ..mentioned ..,'

" " " , : _ .... _" .. ·ii. '-: ...'''Hj''.,.·. .~!:;;. s isc.^.l.,'··...ior...r ·.i~.I.).':j,:l·r·i'~ ,'.' .:.;_;., .....1.:; .. " ' " ' i ' ' '

above, thEr oho{oe"'betwee;" proportional Md equal

pr,?~a,~i~i;tll>'i',e~'i','Jj;,i;0.l.1!~'}'

of primary units can havs considerable effect on the efficienoY,of"an

+ ... _, ... ", " "",,1' 'l ....j' ~. ^{•. • . • •} ." ' ; ' j -, l · 'L, ..·.v:r'"..t'\ . [-::' , i. f :_I.~ ::.~:^..^j ^(;'.r'.'j :"(.~,i·,~:.r\~ ^{• ':.(}

inqlll:r:t."'SeJ:eoti-on "of "'areas"with probabilities proporti onaL tosi,ze .,' is

:·tieis·'i}r~bie ^·"ih

^f.

~anY': ca.i;eJ-';·" ·~~i.:·Z-;;·-'~h~·;aii~'~~~{·i·S ~;{ ie[. ~'~~'t.~' ':~ ';:~:

" . " •• , , j , . , . : . ' -:-~'''''''' " " " ,r,I.... ,)~.

f

d'rw'arW

4'>ebause'

the'b~stc ei~'t~

-'on 'sizes"

aJ!.~'~'~t

^no;:U:aiiy

~,...tc':-d~t~,

, , ' "

" " . .. . , " .. ' .~. . • . .'. ~. , ...--. 'r>··~'-·'::·'.l 'l('~' :1.1.. ;'.';:" ';.'1,.":(:; ;....L

si(;'''th'a:t'';aifjus'tment'e. \i.'re-needed'

'in'

'ma1ntaini'ng a self'::weighting arran~m~~t,

+ ' , ' r r ' " j .•.•f , . ' . " " " . " " ' . " - ' [ : ' ,'J+-:-::J:fL:-:' .. :'·.· :;·C':'~';""'::··'l;·".f. J •..:.. H"': ;l._...~'~l

and becauee 'it"i"s 'often"necs'ssai'y 'to' 'make 'provision for stratification

. _. '._., ; , _ ,': ''l~.;r~:'l·'!·'_'·' 'J.'·.·1 l,;;;:)"",.;~ ~.;<::\:)·;^•.u·.".\':~e:···;:

in 'SUbsequent eitages''of tho- o'af.ipl,,:"Equ"'ily i'mportant is tbe determinatioll

"i_{J ; ' :} .'~."";",j-' :r!~' : ,,":,,-: '~"L; .~v.:,: .'~.J.'" rc

of sample size and its allocation to var-i ous stages of'sampling f'or

attaJning a, given ,level.'..of".prec'ision \ atCilIlin,imi.1ln' o'o:3't.', 'Wo:d,,' has('be'en:' .,L ,-,.. " " " .

oarri,ed"

ou;t,c~,!!ce>:!:tly,

o,:\"these:,problems in" Afrioa; '''but i't,: fs"

sh ii"""":

^h',ti

ne2!!fil~¥J::"~9"qevel,op, the me thodology: in more ,gsilijral' terms;':

Tili1.

'need ,'" ,i:,,'::A

f"r sample "designs which ,!U'e_{. . . . .}

,ful1y".self-wEiighti,rig~iil"additi(hfCto!J':

,'-'. '"::,,

~.~ OJ • ~~".' _ . . ' •

providing,,fo,!,, ,an

;ey;e~

..distrj;buti:on, ',of,l'work -oatweeri{enumerators 'iiiJi'lose" "- some o{_i

tB;

:imp9.:r.t,ance when <:oo;npute:t,:pr6ceigsiifg ..is

,'1ii'6:r'e"'gerie':r;;:'ilf'"

.r."" ,,','^j available, ,:bqt",ther,e, wi:'11, :stHl "1'eniai'ir the "requfielii,,'nt "o'f"'1:tth:i

Efiilg '.-,

^,,:(;y,

resouroiP~

^(;l;p._e:

t!!o.sil:·,~~·eff.i:-c:ren:t::

m'annexJ..pos-a"i

bfe·. .

^;:!^i:,.l''!

_OY',~.f

,:):iJ' )'.U: ,'r

~.":~)"·U';;

^;.J^t

~ ;~. " ' t ' FI"'~'" ^{' .. "} ""'i';:":~i ,;:~-·r.r:·.~:·,:: :".:.':.--.::'-. :,:,·:t.:i::' '.:. :·I,~'rvt;·:L.'1··-:~~ ^Clt 'l-~··l.··::

20. Stratification' at' tlle'first 'stage of' a'sample does not ,usually" , ,

. . • . .~.... ':;~" "-H,··r ,"",' ".:,'" .' \:.;':::' ;:.;',J ".\,~':.::.: f·,; .• ' ... :'.' -... ',";'.'

pre'sent'

(any'U'ildiie'

p:foblem","sinae 'arrangemElIiie may' be dict?lted by, ' "

,:! .1" i . • ~:(IJ.I'. ^t--\', F.,·f.-- "{,,i·:"rt-I.:..,.;·jiY:.:;,, ..~,:'.:. .:;:j.;:';:: .:.:>,:.\l·.,:..::~ '.'; ·.:.,{.""r.o .... -

administrative^{C ' o r}'ge'ographic'al inVisions, knoun clustering of tbe. , .._~..

... ' , . ; . : r. . . ' / ' , . , : " , , " . · \ " ..'·,,:,·~·r, ".'::;: ;,..:-i:,;:.···:~··~::ii.~;(;l:·~;..:!:F;J....r.:;·:r ,,~(,~ '!:·.J·~··"·dJ,·' ... 'w..

oharaoteri'stic's lind'er' inve'st'i'gatfon;' etc. At second or la.ter stages,

.^:."~ ^-'