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Transpiration Regulation of silver firs during and after severe droughts in relation to soil properties
Andre Chanzy, Marie Nourtier, Maxime Cailleret, Yingge Xie, Roland Huc, Hendrik Davi
To cite this version:
Andre Chanzy, Marie Nourtier, Maxime Cailleret, Yingge Xie, Roland Huc, et al.. Transpiration Regulation of silver firs during and after severe droughts in relation to soil properties. 2011, 2011.
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Transpiration Regulation of silver firs during and after severe droughts in relation to soil properties
André Chanzy(1), Marie Nourtier (1), Maxime Cailleret (2), Xie Yingge (2), Roland Huc (2), Hendrik Davi (2)
(1) INRA-EMMAH Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon Cédex 9, France, (2) INRA-URFM Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon Cédex 9 [email protected]
STUDY SITE AND MEASUREMENTS
WATER POTENTIAL AND EMBOLISM VULNERABILITY
CONCLUSIONS
• Silver Fir transpiration is strongly regulated by the stomatal closure. Embolism remains limited in the
conditions of the experiment and mainly affect the root
system (with an estimated loss of conductivity of 16% after a severe drought)
•The Transpiration flow are low . An adjustment of silver firs may occurred after the successive drougths of the last
decade.
• Trees on soils having a strong soil water storage capacity presented the highest water stress (consistently with the
observations of mortality vulnerability)
• Strong post drought effect was observed. Deep root seems to be the most impacted. This feature is not taken into
account in ecophysiological model used to assess climate change impacts
POST DROUGHT EFFECT ON SAP FLOWS WITHIN ACROSS THE SAPWOOD
Acknowledgment : The research was funded by the project ANR-06-VULN-004 (French National Research Agency) and by the ONF (French National Forest Office).
CONTEXT
After several droughts Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)
mortalities were observed at the southern boundary of their bioclimatic area
(black, grey, and green arrows represent dead, declining and healthy trees, respectively. High soil resistivity (red) corresponds to rocky soils having low water storage content whereas low resistivity (blue) corresponds to soil having larger resistivity).
Soil characteristics have
an impact on mortality rate and surprisingly the tree
vulnerability is the lowest on soil having a low water
storage capacity
Healthy tree
Healthy tree Dead treeDead tree Not healthy treeNot healthy tree
•• Instrument: ABEM Terrameter SAS4000
• Protocol: Gradient roll-along
• Units: meter and Ohm.m May, 2008
Transect
Healthy tree
Healthy treeHealthy tree Dead treeDead tree Not healthy treeNot healthy tree Healthy tree Dead treeDead tree Not healthy treeNot healthy tree
•• Instrument: ABEM Terrameter SAS4000
• Protocol: Gradient roll-along
• Units: meter and Ohm.m May, 2008
Transect
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Low Medium High
Health status (%)
Soil resistivity
Dead declining Healty
OBJECTIVES
•Assess the main factors involved in the transpiration regulation of silver firs
•Analyse the link of between the variability of water stress intensities and soil properties
•Long term impact of drought
Sap flow density Meteorological and
surface temperature measurements
Soil moisture
Predawn and minimum leaf water potential
Sapwood area and radial growth Crown projected
surface Vulnerability to embolism
Soil electric resistivity
Wolf, 2003
Site A
Site B Site C
Site D
Transect
Different scales of study
Mont-Ventoux
Tree ID age Diameter (cm) LAI, Height (m)
Altitude (m)
Soil water storage capacity
A1 72 41.1 7.7, 19 1020 Low
A2 83 40.6 7.2, 19 1020 Medium
A3 76 40.9 7.6,19 1020 Medium
B1 80 17.4 3, 13 1100 Low
C1 82 21.0 3.5, 13 1100 High
D1 157 48.2 7.6, 17.5 1360 medium
D2 159 42.5 4.6, 17.5 1360 Medium
D3 146 28.9 5.2, 1360 Medium
D4 161 29.1 3.7, 1360 Medium
Normalized Soil moisture
0 20 40 60 80 100
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
roots branches
Série5
Water potential (MPa)
Loss of conductivity (%)
0 20 40 60 80 100
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
roots branches
0 20 40 60 80 100
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
roots branches
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0
150 170 190 210 230 250
class 1 class 3 class 4 Minimum potential Day of the year
Ψpd in MPa
•Tree on soil with high soil water storage capacity suffered the highest stress difficulty of exploring additional water ressource by a limited root systems.
•Expected loss of conductivity in root : 16 %
TRANSPIRATION DYNAMIC
0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16
2008.0 2008.5 2009.0 2009.5 2010.0 2010.5 2011.0 Tree A1
Transpiration in mm.h-1
Time in the year
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10
150 170 190 210 230 250 270
-2 -1.6 -1.2 -0.8 -0.4 0
transpiration water potential
Transpiration in mm.h-1 ψpd in MPa
Drought of 2009 •Low transpiration rate
(smaller than reported in the littérature
•Strong regulation of the transmiration during
drougth
•Strong post drought effects
Sap flux density in L/m²/h
Time in the year
Site A
In the inner sapwood
Sap flux density in L/m²/h Site DSite CSite B
•Sap flow in the inner sapwood (related to deep roots?) were strongly limited after
the drought., even after rewetting the
Whole soil (strong precipitations during the 2009/2010 winter)
•Sap flow recovery in the inner sapwood is possible as shown with tree C1 which is located on a rocky soil Recovery of
surface root functionning occured first.
Paper under review : Nourtier M., Cailleret M., Yingge X., Chanzy A., Huc R. and Davi H., submitted. Regulation of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) transpiration during drought in relation to soil characteristics. submitted to Ann.
For. Sci.: pp.
