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HAL Id: jpa-00219805

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00219805

Submitted on 1 Jan 1980

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ON THE EQUATION OF STATE OF THE WIGNER MODEL

Ph. Choquard

To cite this version:

Ph. Choquard. ON THE EQUATION OF STATE OF THE WIGNER MODEL. Journal de Physique

Colloques, 1980, 41 (C2), pp.C2-83-C2-83. �10.1051/jphyscol:1980213�. �jpa-00219805�

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ON THE EQUATION OF STATE OF THE WIGNER MODEL

Abstract.- It is a well known model of either fully ionized matjter or of simple me- tals, the system which consists of an assembly of point charges (either ions or e- lectrons) immersed in a neutralizing background and which was introduced by E. Wi- gner in 1938. In the last decades, this model has given rise to extensive numerical, heuristic and rigourous investigations. However, the fact that, until recently, most of the many-body theoretical investigations and of the numerical simulations

(particulary in 2 and 3 D.) have been carried out on systems subject to periodic boundary conditions, has not permitted to consider the questions dealt with in this paper. We report new results on the equation of state of the classical version of this model, known as one component plasma, obtained by imposing free boundary con- ditions on the system, i.e. by confining the particles in a given domain fl,5^].

These conditions enable be the investigation of the physically meaningfull kinetic pressure, i.e. the pressure due to the transfer of momentum flow of the particles at the walls of the domain with the background being considered as strictly passive.

It is shown i) that the kinetic pressure is equal to the virial pressure ; ii) that it consists always of the thermal pressure (erroneously called virial pressure in the litterature), plus an excess pressure which can be analyzed in therms of a wall part and a bulk part ; iii) that, in the thermodynamic limit,the bulk part of the excess pressure is a linear functional of the long range order parameter (periodic charge density)» It is pointed out that since the kinetic pressure is ^ 0 while the thermal pressure becomes < 0, in all dimensions for low enough temperatures, then the excess pressure has to make up for the difference. This means in particular that, in the ground state, the excess pressure compensates exactly the Madelung pressure.

Theoretical and numerical results obtained from molecular dynamics simulations (1 D.

[^,3] ) and preliminary results from Monte-Carlo simulations (2 D.fjf], and 3 D.jVj) are presented for high and low temperatures where particle clustering is observe'd.

References.-

/ l / Ph. Choquard, P. Favre and Ch. Gruber, to be published in J. Stat. Phys.

/ 3 / M. Navet, E. Jamin, M.R. Feix-, in pre- paration

/ 4 / R. Calinon, Ph. Choquard, M. Navet and E. Jamin, in preparation.

/ 5 / M. Navet, E. Jamin and M.R. Feix, to be published in J. de Physique Lettres.

/ 2 / Ph. Choquard, Proceedings of the Brasov Intertional School on Recent advanves in statistical mechanics.

JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE

Colloque C2, supplément au n° 3, Tome 41, mars 1980, page C2-83

Ph. Choquard

Laboratoire de Physique Théorique Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne LAUSANNE, Switzerland

Résumé.- La matière entièrement ionisée ou les métaux simples sont l'un et l'autre des systèmes simulés par une assemblée de charges ponctuelles (ions ou électrons) plongées dans un fond continu* neutralisant ; ce modèle bien connu a été introduit par E. Wigner en 1938. Depuis lors, il a donné lieu à des approches exactes,heuris- tiques et numériques. Néanmoins, le fait que, encore récemment,la plupart des recher- ches théoriques heuristiques ainsi que les simulations numériques (particulière-

ment à 2 et 3 D) aient été faites sur des systèmes soumis à des conditions aux limites périodiques, a rendu impossible la mise en évidence des faits présen- tés ici. Nous présentons des résultats nouveaux sur l'équation d'état de la version classique de ce modèle (le plasma à une composante) obtenus en imposant au système des conditions aux limites libres. Ceci permet d'étudier la pression cinétique dont la signification physique est liée au transfert de quantité de mouvement des parti- cules sur les parois. Nous montrons que la pression cinétique consiste toujours en la somme de la pression thermique (injustement nommée pression du viriel dans la littérature) et d'une pression additionnelle décomposable en un terme de parois et un terme de volume . La pression cinétique étant ^ 0 et la pression thermique deve- nant < 0, en toutes dimensions, pour d'assez grandes constantes de couplage, la pression additionnelle doit constituer la différence. Des résultats théoriques et numériques obtenus à partir de simulations de dynamique moléculaire (1D) et de si- mulations Monte-Carlo (2 et 3 D) pour des domaines sphériques sont présentées. Il en résulte une compréhension plus profonde de la mécanique statistique de ce systè- me de Coulombien particulier.

Ce travail a été réalisé ces dernières années au CRPE à Orléans par M.R. Feix, M.

Navet, E. Jamin et E. Bonomi et à l'E.P.F. de Lausanne par Ch. Gruber P. Favre,

R. Calinon et l'auteur. »

Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1980213

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