0 10 20 30 40 50
1 2 3 4
tested weave
adults of Ceratitis capitata
emerged pupae non escaped flies
0 10 20 30 40 50
1 2 3 4
te ste d w eave
adults of Bactrocera cucurbitae
emerged pupae non escaped flies
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
1 2 3 4
tested weave
adults of Bactrocera zonata
emerged pupae non escaped adults
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
1 2 3 4
tested weave
adults of Fopiuas arisanus
emerged adults escaped adults
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
1 2 3 4
tested weave
adults of Psyttalia fletcheri
adults alive escaped adults dead (non escaped) adults alive non escaped
The Augmentorium: a sanitation technique for controlling Tephritid Fruit Flies in Reunion Island
Drowning fruit
Bagging fruit
Burying fruit Picking fruit Grinding fruit
Tilling crop
Feeding animals Compost
Production of parasitoids
Infested fallen fruit
augmentorium
Drowning fruit Drowning fruit Drowning fruit Drowning fruit
Bagging fruit
Burying fruit Picking fruit Grinding fruit
Tilling crop
Feeding animals Compost
Production of parasitoids
Infested fallen fruit
augmentorium
Bagging fruitBagging fruitBurying fruit
Burying fruit Picking fruitPicking fruit Grinding fruitGrinding fruit
Tilling crop Tilling crop
Feeding animals Feeding animals Compost
Compost Production of
parasitoids Production of
parasitoids
Infested fallen fruit Infested fallen fruit
augmentorium
In Reunion Island, Tephritid fruit flies are the main pests of horticultural crops, causing severe yield losses to Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae.
As in other contexts, chemical protection does not give satisfactory results and moreover induces major harmful secondary effects in terms of environmental and human health.
Today the critical issue is to move from this curative and agrochemical protection towards a preventive and agroecological one. The latter relies on an ecologically balanced and sustainable functioning of agroecosystems.
It is based on various techniques, such as: monitoring, sanitation, use of borders plants and push-pull system, male annihilation technique, etc.
This study is focused on an original technique of sanitation to help controlling Tephritid fruit flies in Reunion Island using a tent-like structure called augmentorium.
It aims to sequester the adult flies emerging from infested fruit while allowing the escape of parasitoids. In addition, it is possible to produce compost in the augmentorium in a sustainable reasoning of agroecosystem management.
This technique has already been implemented in Hawaii (Klungness et al., 2005).
A local prototype (augmentorium péi) has been built.
Its efficacy proved to be good in the lab and four tested mesh types showed 100 % sequestration of adult flies (Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Bactrocera zonata) and suitable rates of escape of parasitoids (Fopius arisanus, Psyttalia fletcheri).
Moreover, both organic and conventional farmers who were shown the augmentorium were enthusiastic to test it in their fields and proposed some improvements of the prototype.
To be effective, this technique should be used on a large scale both in terms of time (several months or years) and space (farm, landscape) with the farmers collaborating to use this sanitation technique across significant production areas.
As a component of agroecological protection against fruit flies, it may play a central role in terms of Conservation Biological Control.
Klungness L.M., Jang E.B., Ronald F.L., Vargas R.I., Sugano J.S., Fujitani E., 2005. New sanitation techniques for controlling Tephritid Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii. J. Appl.Sci. Environ. Mgt, 9: 2, 5-14.
J.-P. Deguine
1, M. Duval
2, S. Quilici
1, M.-L. Moutoussamy
1, C. Ajaguin-Soleyen
1, P. Laurent
21
CIRAD, UMR 53 PVBMT, 7 chemin de l’Irat 97410 Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
2
IUT Génie Biologique, 40 avenue de Soweto BP 373, 97455 Saint-Pierre Cedex, La Réunion, France
CONTEXT
OBJECTIVES
MAIN RESULTS
CONCLUSION
Dacus demmerezi
Bactrocera cucurbitae
Sequestration of flies
Escape of a parasitoid
Compost inside Hawaiian augmentorium Augmentorium péi (Reunion)
Ceratitis capitata
Fopius arisanus
Psyttalia fletcheri
Mesh type
Mesh type
Mesh type
