Rutsiro District Development Strategy 2018 - 2024 (PDF - 3.2 Mo)

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REPUBLIC OF RWANDA

WESTERN PROVINCE RUTSIRO DISTRICT

DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2018- 2024.

August,2018

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Vision 2020 is remaining with less three years of implementation while the EDPRS 2 is entering its final year. The National Umushyikirano Council of 2015 resolved that the Vision 2050 should be elaborated. The concept note of the Vision 2050 was presented at the same forum in 2016 at which a target was set for Rwanda to become an upper middle income country by 2035 and a high income country by 2050. It is in this context that Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, Sector Ministries and Districts have started the process of elaborating the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1), Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs) and District Development Strategies (DDS) respectively, to guide the country's development over the period of 2018/19-2023/204. This elaboration process has been coordinated by MINECOFIN which has developed ToRs and guidelines for the development of these strategic documents and ensures their quality and alignment.

District Vision, Mission and Goals

The District Development Strategy (DDS) designs a roadmap for the district implementation of its priorities and programs. The DDS reflects the vision and mission statements for the district taking into account the national aspirations as expressed in the vision 2050 and the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1). The district vision and mission statements are as follows.

Vision

The vision of Rutsiro District is “a socio-economic prosperous based on modern and specialized agriculture and high value tourism”.

Mission

The mission of Rutsiro District is to uplift the high standard of living for Rutsiro citizens through provision of socio-economic basic infrastructures with quality services focusing on the following areas of interventions:

- To implement Government policies adopted and provide services that are not delivered by other administrative entities; to monitor the administration of Sectors, plan, coordinate and implement development programs; to maintain infrastructure, handle technical and financial matters; to promote partnership and cooperation with other Districts, cities and other organs; to maintain the safety of people and property in the District; and to monitor the implementation of grouped settlement program in the sites indicated and collaborate with Sectors in installing the population in grouped settlements and put in place programs

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designed to promote the social welfare.

Goals:

- To accelerate inclusive economic growth and development founded on the private sector, knowledge and Rwanda’s Natural Resources, to develop Rwandans into a capable and skilled people with quality standards of living and stable and a secure Society and to Consolidate Good Governance and Justice as, building for equitable National Development.

Main challenges to be addressed by the DDS;

-Scattered human settlement, Low productivity of agriculture ,Poor road networks, Limited access to electricity and Disaster risks to livelihoods, big number of cases of malnutrition and stunting, High rate of poverty in the District, Limited coverage of Social protection, Limited number of private and Civil Society organizations in Social Protection programs, congestion as result of limited School classrooms, Some infrastructures such as access to electricity and water are either in poor state, not enough or non-existence, High rate of school dropouts, Less number of teachers to compared to the required standard number of teacher/ student ratio, Poor service delivery in the most of District Health Facilities, Increase of malaria cases in the District, Inadequate medical personnel as well as insufficient health equipments and materials, Limited budget in the Health Sector, Poor Hygiene and sanitation within the Community, Big number of households without Community Health Insurance (MUSA), low level of citizen’s involvement in decision making process and a weak interaction between the citizens and the councilors in development planning,

Major interventions:

- Develop infrastructures which will accelerate the creation of decent jobs; Support and empower youth and women to form cooperatives and develop income generating projects which are bankable in order to access bank loans; Increase the number of Technical vocational centers (TVET) in the district to improve technical skills; Develop and expand home grown initiatives and infrastructures by working with the private sector and other District Partners to increase made in Rwanda products. Develop agro processing value chains to increase the quality and quantity of exported crops; Develop and upgrade different Tourist attraction sites in the District to increase the number of tourists visiting the District; Promote post-harvest handling and storage facilities to avert the loss of the

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agriculture produce. Ensure increase in livestock products focusing on quality, production and productivity of their output; Provide the minimum package for graduation (MPG); to all eligible beneficiaries focusing to the Sectors with VUP expanded Public Works and VUP Classic Public Works to support the most vulnerable; One Cow per Poor Family Program to be complemented with other social programs such as acquisition of small livestock to support poor households; Strengthen and implement DPEM activities to reduce chronic malnutrition; Enhance kitchen gardens in each household for dietary and complementary feeding and distribute food and vitamin supplements using Fortified Blended Food (FBF;

Improve quality of education at all levels by strengthening school inspections, using ICT based solutions: Access to electricity and water will be increased to 100% by 2024 to cover all the Community of Rutsiro; Develop and facilitate decent settlements for all the Population including relocating those living in high-risk zones and scattered settlements;

Strengthen prevention and fight gender-based violence (GBV) and Promote awareness campaigns; Mainstream Disaster Risk Reduction and Management system into all key strategic actions to mitigate disasters in the District; Promote unity and reconciliation among Community through “Ndi Umunyarwanda” and “Abarinzi b’Igihango” programs;

Support and streamline MAJ services to ensure quality and affordable justice; Support and strengthen “Abunzi” as a mechanism to resolve Community Disputes and reinforce amicable settlement of disputes; Implement the Abunzi Management Information System to facilitate data collection and information sharing. Strengthen the District planning process and improve Public Financial Management; Increase districts revenue capacity to finance District development agenda, focus on District local economic potentialities and maximization of tax collections; and promote the culture of self-reliance and patriotism among the Community specially the youth.

ESTIMATED BUDGET FOR RUSTIRO DDS BY YEAR

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 TOTAL

FY 2018/2019 2019/2020 2020/2021 2021/2022 2022/2023 2023/2024 BUDG

ET

10,382,557, 633

14,002,678, 884

15,031,126, 084

16,747,291, 974

17,523,599, 487

19,036,519, 974

92,723,274, 036

Methodology.

The DDS elaboration methodology involved reviewing and analyzing the district’s situation, challenges, opportunities which triggered defining district priorities and considered both bottom up as well as top down communication channels. The bottom up channel took into account the views and priorities from the citizens while the top down channel took into account overarching National Development ambitions from NST1, SSPs and other commitments which were contextualized and packaged in District Development Strategy.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The leadership of Rutsiro District is happy to express its sincere gratitude and appreciation to the concerted efforts demonstrated by all individuals and institutions in the elaboration process of this District Development Strategy, without which it would have been difficult to complete it.

The District highly appreciates the guidance accorded by the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning technical team, and recognizes the valuable support rendered by the leadership of Province while discharging thier coordination role in this process.

The District extends its sincere gratitude to the valuable contribution insights provided by District Council and District JADF during different consultative workshops which shaped the direction of this six years strategic document especially in the areas of setting strategic priority actions, implementation process, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for this Strategy.

Last but not least, we do extend our sincere appreciation to the entire staff of Rutsiro District, for their effective and invaluable efforts during the whole process of elaboaration of this document.

August, 2018

AYINKAMIYE Emerance The Mayor of Rutsiro District.

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ACRONYMS & ABREVIATIONS.

CHW Community Health Workers

CNJ Conseil National pour les Jeunes (National Youth Council) CRC Citizen Report Card

DC District Council

DDP District Development Plan DDS District Development Strategy DH District Hospital

DHS Demographic and Health Survey DHU District Hospital Unit

EDPRS Economic Development for Poverty Reduction Strategy EICV Enquête Intégrale sur les Conditions de Vie des Menage FMIS Financial Management Information System

GBV Gender Based Violence GER Gross Enrolment Rate GoR Government of Rwanda

HC Health Center

HIV/AIDS Human Immune Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ICT Information Communication and technology

IDP Integrated Development Program

IWRM Integrated Water Resource Management.

JADF Joint Action Development Forum LED Local Economic Development

LODA Local Administrative Entities Development Agency M&E Monitoring and Evaluation

MAJ Maisons d’Accès à la Justice/ Access to Justice Bureau MIGEPROF Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion

MINALOC Ministry of Local Government.

MINECOFIN Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning

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MINEDUC Ministry of Education

MINICOM Ministry of Trade and Commerce MININFRA Ministry of Infrastructure

MOH Ministry of Health

MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework NAEB Rwanda Agriculture Export Board NCD Non Communicable Diseases NER Net Enrolment Rate

NGO,S Non Governmental Organizations NIS National Investment Strategy

NISR National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda NST1 National Strategy for Transformation.

RAB Rwanda Agriculture Board RCA Rwanda Cooperative Agency REG Rwanda Energy Group

REMA Rwanda Environment Management Authority RGB Rwanda Governance Board

RRA Rwanda Revenue Authority SACCO Savings and Credit Cooperatives SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises SSPs Sector Strategic Plans

TORs Terms of reference

TVET Training Vocational Education and Technology VTC Vocational Training Center

VUP Vision 2020 Umurenge Program WASAC Water and Sanitation Corporation

YEGO Youth Empowerment for Global Opportunities

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

This introductory chapter briefly sets out the context and purpose of the District Development Strategy. And a brief description of the process used to elaborate Rutsiro District Development Strategy.

1.1. General Introduction

The District Development strategy elaboration guidelines clearly states that: The Vision 2020 is remaining with less than four (4) years of implementation while the EDPRS 2 is entering its final year. The National Umushyikirano Council of 2015 resolved that the Vision 2050 should be elaborated. The concept note of the Vision 2050 was presented at the same forum in 2016 at which a target was set for Rwanda to become an upper middle income country by 2035 and a high income country by 2050. In the same spirit the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1) is going to be elaborated to cover the period 2018/19 to 2023/24. The elaboration of the long and medium term strategies are an opportune moment for the full integration of global and regional planning commitments including: the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the EAC Vision 2050 and the Agenda 2063. (MINECOFIN, 2017).

It is against the above background that, Rutsiro District Development Strategy (DDS) is crafted on the backdrop of accomplishments made in the ending District Development Plan (2013/14 to 2017/18) under the Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS2) stewardship. The priorities identified and incorporated in this document are already broadly embraced in the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1) for a seven- year period 2018/19 to 2023/24 and other medium-term goals and aspirations of various related Sector Strategic plans (SSPs). It will ensure enhanced coordination, monitoring and evaluation of implementation of the district’s priorities by informing its MTEF and annual action plans and budgets.

1.2. Context and Purpose of the DDS

All the 30 districts of Rwanda are required to develop a comprehensive medium-term Development Strategy for 2018-2024 (DDS). It is a medium-term planning framework that prioritizes the Local Government interventions planned for and aligned to different regional and national vision and strategies, importantly the National Strategy for Transformation.

Among the national documents on which the DDS is based on, the Vision 2020 with the main objective for Rwanda to become a middle income country. The vision has been mad

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operational by medium-term national Strategies which started by Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP I 2002-2007), The second was Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy EDPRS I (2008-2012) and EDPRS II (2013-2018) with a priority given to accelerating growth, creating employment and generating exports. One of the principles on which EDPRS 2 and the above mentioned thematic areas have been built on is District-led development.

Districts have been involved in elaboration and implementation of EDPRS 2 through District Development Plans (DDPs). DDPs together with sector strategic plans (SSPs) have been elaborated simultaneously to ensure coherence among national planning documents.

1.3. Objectives of the District Development Strategy.

The overall objective of this District Development Strategy is to act as a source of reference for every intervention in the district by all the stakeholders and development partners. It will ensure enhanced coordination, monitoring and evaluation of implementation of the district’s priorities to improve the high quality of livelihoods and living standards of the people of Rutsiro District. The focus of this DDS is to contribute towards attaining the Rwanda’s vision of 2050 aspirations to become an upper middle income country by 2035 and a high income country by 2050.

1.3.1. The specific objectives:

 Provide to the district a document containing the main issues identified by the public, opinion leaders, local authorities and proposed strategies to address these problems.

 To develop a reference and a guiding document to all the interventions of District actors in the development.

 To facilitate the linkage between national planning orientations with those of the District.

1.4. Elaboration Process of DDS

In the process of elaborating the DDS, strong emphasis was put to its alignment to the national long-term development strategies including; National Strategy for the Transformation (NST1/

7YGP), taking into account its three pillars: Economic Transformation, Social transformation and Transformational Governance. Achievements and lessons of Vision 2020 and EDPRS2, the aspirations of Vision 2050 and other associated commitments, Sector Strategic Plans (SSPs), global and regional commitments such as Strategic Development Goals (SDGs), East African Community vision 2050 and African Union Agenda 2063. Whilst taking into account the

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remainder strategies in District development plans and embracing District potentialities, local development strategies (LED), imihigo performance and other specificities within the District.

1.5. Description of the Contents of each Chapter of the DDS

Rutsiro District Development strategy has the following 7 chapters:

 Chapter one is the introductory chapter which briefly sets out the context and purpose of the District Development Strategy. And a brief description of the process and methodology used to elaborate Rutsiro District Development Strategy.

 Chapter two indicates the status of DDP (2013-2018) performance level, showing current status (progress of DDP 2013-2018), achievements and challenges in the District as well as what remains outstanding from planned priorities in the EDPRS 2. This section gives a detailed overview of the governance, social and economic indicators of the District. In addition, a detailed stakeholder analysis was made, by describing the key stakeholders active in the District at the time and their responsibilities. Full describtion of the methodoly used and key baseline information from the EICV4 and DH5.

 Chapter three stresses how Rutsiro District Development Strategy is aligned with the National Policy frameworks and targets based on the main issues identified on the key baseline information from the EICV4 and DHS5.

 Chapter four provides the strategic framework for the district to achieve its vision, mission, goals and therefore, contributing to the country's development. The chapter starts with the presentation of the district vision, mission and core values followed by the analysis of the district contribution to National Strategy for Transformation (NST1) and its three pillars (Economic Transformation, Social Transformation and Transformational Governance) and then it highlights the results chain showing the district outcomes, outputs, policy actions and targets to be delivered by the district during the DDS implementation period of six years (2018-2024).

 Chapter five draws out key features of the implementation for the DDS, including:

 Sequencing of interventions, including details of the interdependencies between programs / projects and how they should be implemented in the 6-years 

 Roles and responsibilities of partners and stakeholders in the District

 Mechanisms for co-ordination and information sharing between stakeholders and partners in the District 

 The chapter also includes an analysis and discussion for risk mitigation strategies.

 Communication and marketing strategy for the District.

 Chapter six is the Monitoring and Evaluation Framework, this Chapter outlines any Management Information Systems in place in the District and their linkages to national management information systems. It indicates the key performance indicators and

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priority actions for the period 2018/19 to 2023/24 and key programmes or projects.

 Chpter seven outlines the costing and proposed financing for the District Development Strategy. Showing available funds to the District and funds to be mobilized and the likely sources of these funds.

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CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF THE DISTRICT

This chapter indicates the status of DDP (2013-2018) performance level, showing current status (progress of DDP 2013-2018), achievements and challenges in the District as well as what remains outstanding from planned priorities in the EDPRS 2. This section gives a detailed overview of the governance, social and economic indicators of the District. In addition, a detailed stakeholder analysis was made, by describing the key stakeholders active in the District at the time and their responsibilities. Full describtion of the methodoly used and key baseline information from the EICV4 and DH5.

2.1. District Profile

Geography

Rutsiro District is one of the seven Districts that make up the Western Province, others being;

Nyamasheke, Rusizi, Karongi, Ngorerero, Nyabihu and Rubavu. The district is strategically located along Kivu belt Road connecting southern Districts of Rusizi, Nyamasheke and Karongi to Rubavu in the North western part and linking these Districts to DRC Cong through Rubavu and Rusizi boarders. Rutsiro District being “a land of Agro mining industry and Tourism”. Have most touristic destinations of Mount Crete Congo-Nile and Lake Kivu coastal areas and its beautiful islands which are potential for Tourism.

The District has 13 administrative Sectors, 62 Cells and 483 Villages (Imidugudu) with an estimated total population of 324,654, of which 154,044 are males (47.4%) while 170,610 are females representing (52.6 %) according to the 2012 provisional population census results. The estimated total area is 1,157.3 km² with population density of 281 people per s.q.km, with an average annual growth rate of 2.0% (NISR, 2012 census).

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Source: www.rutsiro.gov.rw Climate.

District Rutsiro has a tropical climate characterized by a succession of rainy seasons and droughts with the average temperature between 20 ° and 24 ° C. Rainfall increases gradually as we approach the mountains chain of the Congo-Nile covered by Gishwati forest. The District has four seasons in a year which runs as follows: The small rainy season that runs from September 23 to December 21; the short dry season that runs from December 21st to March 21st; the long rainy season that runs from March 21 to June 21 and the long dry season that runs from 21 June to 23 September.

Map 1:Rutsiro Geographical Map

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Hydrography.

Rutsiro District has significant water reservoirs dominated by Lake Kivu in the west and other several rivers which some head to the Congo basin and others flow to the Nile basin. The most important of these rivers which flow to congo basin are Muregeya, Koko, Nyangore, Gashashi Kimbili, Nyamwenda, Bihongora, Bikeneko and Sebeya. The rivers that flow to Nile basin include, Satinskyi, Nyamwotsi and Kiguhu. The water resource in Rutsiro is threatened by the high erosion risks due to high and teep slopes with arable lands, high mining activities also causes sedimentation into rivers.

Land forms and Soils.

The relief of Rutsiro District is characterized by a chain of mountains and plateaus with an average altitude of 2,000 m and 1,600 m. The relief of the District is further characterized by the Congo Nile Mountains hosting Gishwati natural forest. Rutsiro soils are basaltic, generally permeable and rich in iron. It is an acid soil pH with an average content of clay group karyokinesis. In some places along Lake Kivu, there are sometimes derived soils phyllodes, clay, hard, containing quartz crystals and semi - strongly leached quartz which are very susceptible to erosion and therefore less fertile.

Socio-Economic Environment

Below is the District’s Population disagragated by Sectors, Gender and age groups. According to the ubudehe categorization report of 2017.

The table 1: District Population

No Sector Total population in 2012

Total population in 2016

dessagragated by Gender Category

Male Female Total Age groups Total Under

16 years

Above 16 years

1 Boneza 24,166 11,285

12,859

24,144

9,355

14,789

24,144

2 Gihango 23,166 11,275

11,984

23,259

9,650

13,609

23,259 Kigeyo 24,486

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3 11,275 12,889 24,164 9,297 14,867 24,164

4 Kivumu 32,961 15,910

17,754

33,664

13,658

20,006

33,664

5 Manihira 16,098 8,045

8,918

16,963

7,019

9,950

16,963

6 Mukura 33,440 16,470

18,830

35,300

14,261

21,039

35,300

7 Murunda 18,478 10,094

9,210

19,304

7,880

11,424

19,304

8 Musasa 22,805 11,335

12,320

23,655

8,829

14,826

23,655

9 Mushonyi 24,038 12,219

13,348

25,567

9,377

16,190

25,567

10 Mushubati 25,822 12,884

14,169

27,053

11,095

15,958

27,053

11 Nyabirasi 28,971 13,980

15,951

29,931

12,854

17,077

29,931

12 Ruhango 28,589 13,844

15,506

29,350

11,726

17,624

29,350

13 Rusebeya 21,634 10,796

12,376

23,172

9,755

13,417

23,172 Total 324,654

159,412 176,114

335,526

134,756

200,776 335,526 District establishments and size and employement

The national establishment census of 2014 revealed that Rutsiro District has 4,126 establishments (businesses) with the huge majority (93.5%) being micro enterprises with one to three workers as table 1 below is indicating.

Table 1:Number of establishments, Rutsiro

Category of the Establishment Number of establishments Percent

Micro (1-3) 3,940 93.5%

Small (3-30) 235 5.6%

Medium (31-100) 33 0.8%

Large (100+) 8 0.2%

Total 4,126 100%

Source: National establishments census, NISR, 2014.

Agriculture and agro-business

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This section seeks to inform on the agriculture sector. It provides detailed insights on living conditions of the population in Rutsiro with regard to agriculture production.

In Rutsiro District, some crops are above the national average such as maize (22% against 18%), climbing beans (18% against 13%) and banana (21% against 18%) as table 3 below indicates.

Table 2:Production of various crops in Rutsiro District

Cropping area (ha) Crop share (%) Crop production (MT) Crop yield (kg/ha)

Crops Rutsiro Rwanda Rutsiro Rwanda Rutsiro Rwanda Rutsiro Rwanda

Sorghum - 9,664 0% 1% - 12,835 - 1,328

Maize 7,987 210,191 22% 18% 13,864 505,887 1,736 2,407

Wheat 22 9,405 0% 1% 21 14,392 952 1,530

Rice - 8,507 0% 1% - 41,787 - 4,912

Ordinary beans 654 105,905 2% 13% 424 64,589 649 610

Climbing beans 6,779 119,226 18% 13% 11,236 189,362 1,657 1,588

Peas 643 20,762 2% 2% 542 16,271 843 784

Groundnuts - 14,048 0% 2% - 7,597 - 541

Soybeans 429 20,346 1% 1% 352 11,717 819 576

Banana 7,771 169,180 21% 18% 37,327 1,654,150 4,803 9,777

Irish Potatoes 4,856 90,162 13% 8% 74,027 1,432,045 15,244 14,119

Sweet Potatoes 3,359 52,784 9% 5% 26,606 500,049 7,922 9,474

Taro 501 8,476 1% 1% 2,419 56,027 4,831 6,610

Yam - 452 0% 0% - 1,371 4,657 3,030

Cassava 1,665 95,771 5% 9% 19,222 1,306,014 11,543 13,637

Vegetables 1,826 18,850 5% 0% 24,433 197,149 13,383 10,459

Fruits 490 10,078 1% 0% 5,131 123,789 10,477 12,283

Source: Crop Assessment Final Report, MINAGRI, March 2013

Agriculture offers agro-business opportunities through the commercialization of crops production. These opportunities are measured by the share of harvest sold (including households selling zero crops) which is 18.3% in Rutsiro District and below the national level (20.9%). In Rutsiro, the share of harvest sold for fruits and vegetables (12.8%) is slightly lower than that of staple crops (13.6%).

The irrigation needs to be strengthened to gain the opportunity to produce along the year.

Environmental friendly drainage techniques have to be implemented with the aim of maximizing the production from the marshland.

One of the key pillars of our vision is to transform “Agriculture from subsistence” to a productive high-value; market-oriented farming that is environmentally friendly and has an impact on other sectors of the economy. The development of agriculture must help to eradicate hunger among the residents and boost the consumption, creating a multiplier effect of the general growth of the region. This will be an important focus in this Strategy.

Challenges.

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- Persistent droughts due to climate change which have affected negatively agriculture production.

- Limited markets for Animal and agriculture produce.

- Pests and diseases which affect agriculture sector.

- Limited availability of improved seeds and other agriculture inputs such as fertilizers.

- Limited facilities for post-harvest handling to minimize loss of agriculture produce.

- Small farming plots which do not favor mechanization and the use of rudimentary farming methods.

- Poor farming methods which encourage soil erosion.

The SMEs/Cooperatives in Rutsiro District for coffee and tea

Coffee and tea are important crops for Rutsiro. The contribution of coffee and tea to the economy of Rutsiro are employment generation, income generation and increasing investment amongst others. The table below gives an overview of the range of cooperatives represented in this sector:

Table 3:Cooperatives in the tea and coffee sector, Rutsiro

No NAME OF SME OR COOPERATIVES SECTORS CELLS

I. COFFEE WASHING STATIONS

1 COOPAC Kirorero Boneza Remera

2 SOCOR Coffee Boneza Bushaka

3 Kinunu Agroprocessing Indust. Boneza Kabihogo

4 Bwishaza coffee Gihango Bugina

5 SACOF Kigeyo Kigeyo Nkora

6 Ingoboka Kigeyo Buhindure

7 Cyimbiri CWS Kigeyo Nkora

8 COOCAK Kigeyo Kigeyo Nkora

9 COOPAC Kabirizi Kivumu Ngazo

10 Rwinyoni CWS Kivumu Ngazo

11 Cyebumba CWS/CAFERWA Kivumu Karambi

12 Cyondo CWS Kivumu Karambi

13 Musasa CWS Musasa Nyarubuye

14 COCAMU CWS Musasa Gabiro

15 COOPAC Gishamwana Mushonyi Kaguriro

16 Mushonyi CWS Mushonyi Magana

17 Nkora CWS/CAFERWA Mushonyi Kaguri

18 KOPAKAMA Mushubati Mushubati Mageragere

19 KOPAKAMA Nyagatare Mushubati Sure

II. TEA FACTORY

1 RUTSIRO TEA FACTORY Manihira Tangabo

Source: Rutsiro District Annual report July 2016

Land

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One of the major inputs in agricultural production is land. Rwanda is a small country with total arable land about of 1.4 million hectares. Given a growing population combined with strong reliance on agriculture, it is clear that land is one of the scarcest resources in the Country and the following are the classification categories of households to cultivate land as: Very small cultivators (under 0.3 ha), small cultivators (0.3 to 0.9 ha), medium cultivators (0.9 to 3 ha) and large cultivators (more than 3 ha). The mean size of land cultivated per household in Rutsiro District is 0.57 ha, which is slightly below the national average (0.59 ha). Most households (84.4%) in this District cultivate under 0.9 ha of land (EICV 3).

Challenges.

- Limited knowledge by the community regardless land use master plan.

- There are still unregistered parcels of land and land regularization from one individual to the other still a challenge.

- There are also cases of land-related conflicts due to the ignorance of land law.

Mining sector

Mining in Rutsiro District is among the main industrial sectors and represents 1.4% of employment, whereas the national average is estimated at 1.0%. Rutsiro District has important deposits of Cassiterite, Coltan, and Wolfram as well as stone and clay deposits. However, research is required to determine how best to engage in mining in the District and to develop appropriate techniques and capacities. From April 2011 to April 2012, the total mining production in Rutsiro District was of 772,098 kg amounting to 5.79% of the total national production which is estimated at 9,148,980 kg of minerals.

The key exploited minerals in Rutsiro are Wolfram, Coltan and Cassiterite. Due to the big number of investors already operating in the sector, the production can be increased by professionalizing exploitation and processing methods, ensuring access to electricity as well as capacity building among local population. An increase in production creates jobs in the area, increased tax revenue and leads to economic development.

Rutsiro District Baseline information from EICV 4 and DHS5

Demographic features of Rutsiro District.

The estimated total population of Rutsiro District in 2012, as provided by NISR, was 324.654.

This represents 13.7% of the total population of Western Province and 3% of the total population of Rwanda. Female comprises 52.6% of the population of Rutsiro District and the male represented 47.4%. The population aged between 0-19 years old represents 57.2% and the population aged between 20 and 49 years old represents 34.2% whereas 50 to 85 years old represents 8.7%. (NISR, 2012).

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Poverty situation.

The poverty line defines a level of household consumption per adult below which a household is deemed to be poor. The poverty line used here is set with reference to a minimum food consumption basket, which was judged to offer the required number of calories required for a Rwandan who was likely to be involved in physically demanding work, along with an allowance for non-food consumption. An extreme poverty line was also set as the cost of buying the food consumption basket if nothing was spent on non-food at all; this line corresponds to FRW 83,000 and the poverty line corresponds to FRW 118,000. (EICV3, 2012)

Rutsiro District is ranked ninth country-wide with a high percentage of extreme-poor and poor people. In Rutsiro district 51.4% of the population is poor with 23.6 % extreme-poor. In the Western Province, Rutsiro is the second poorest district after Nyamasheke and at national level, Rutsiro ranks fourth after Nyamasheke, Gicumbi and Gisagara (EICV 4, 2015).

Literacy and unemployment

The literacy rate in Rutsiro District (64.2%) is lower than the national average (69.7%). Adult literacy rate is for 73.4 males and 59.4 for females. Overall unemployment rate is 2.5% and youth unemployment is 1.8%. In terms of employment, the overall employment rate is 86.3% of resident’s population aged 16 years and above and the economic inactivity rate is 13.7%. The population aged 16 and above are mainly employed in the agriculture sector (78%), followed by trade (8%). All other significant sectors including industries represent less than 3% each.

According to (EICV4, 2015), 97.5% of the population don,t know how to use computer and only 2.5% are computer literate. This indicates that there is a gap in digital penetration and literacy.

(a) Health Status Indicators

Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS5)

The National Institutes of statistics of Rwanda conducted a survey on Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) to collect on demographic and health indicators such as family planning, maternal mortality, infant and child mortality, nutrition status of mothers and children, antenatal care, delivery care, and childhood diseases. Percentage of children under age 5 classified as malnourished in Rutsiro is 16.9 (DHS, 2014/15).

Birth registration of children under age 5

Registering a child’s birth with civil authorities establishes the child’s legal family ties and his or her right to a name and nationality prior to the age of majority. It gives the child access to social assistance t h ro u gh the p are n t s , in clu d in g h e alth in su ran ce , a n d e st ablishe s f amil y lineage. Registration of a child with civil authorities, if performed

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correctly, also provides a reliable source of socio demographic statistics. In Western Province, 55 percent o f ch ild ren h ave b e e n re gi st e re d wit h th e civi l authorities compared to 56 percent at the national level. The percentage is highest in Rusizi (88 Percent) followed by Karongi and Nyamasheke (68 percent each), and it is lowest in Rutsiro District only (27 Percent) (Source DHS, 2014-15).

Health insurance coverage.

The percentage of household’s members with health insurance coverage in Western Province is 69 percent of the population compared to 71 percent at national level. A n d i n R u t s i r o D i s t r i c t i t i s 69 percent as well. This figure is very low and there is a need to increase the Health Insurance coverage in the District (Source DHS, 2014-15).

Teenage pregnancy and motherhood

.

In Western Province young women age 15-19 who have begun their child bearing in their teenage age is at Six percent against 7 percent at the national level. At district level, the percentage of women age 15-19 that have begun childbearing varies from 4 percent in Rutsiro and Nyamasheke to 8 percent in Rusizi District. These numbers of teenagers who get pregnancy before maturity age of 21 years (by the law) is high, according to the MoH reports, the number of deliveries 16 to 19 years (Teen Mothers) in Rutsiro is 391 (MoH, 2016).

. This situation indicates that the size of the household will continue to increase in size, if not addressed (Source DHS, 2014-15).

Marital status.

The term married refers to men and women bound together legally, while living together refers to couples cohabiting in informal unions. People are considered never married if they have never been married or lived together with a partner. Ever-married people include those who are currently married as well as those who are living with a partner, widowed, separated, or divorced.

The percentage of men and women who never married legally in Western Province is 39 percent of women age 15-49 and 46 percent of men compared with the same figures in Rutsiro District 34 percent for women and 37 percent for men. These figures indicate the highest percentage of legally unmarried people in Rutsiro District which in most cases cause domestic conflicts and also it is against the laws. Hence there is a need for multiple campaigns and sensitization to the community to get married legally. (Source DHS, 2014-15).

Birth interval.

Birth intervals, or the length of time between two successive live births, are important not only because they influence the health status of both mother and child but also because they play a role in fertility analysis and in the design of reproductive health programs. Short

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birth intervals (less than 24 months) are considered harmful to the health and nutritional status of children and increase their risk of premature death.

The median interval between births is 34.2 months in the Western Province compared to 35.8 In Rustiro District which is less than National average of 38.5 months, this requires an increase of birth months in Rutsiro District (Source DHS, 2014-15).

Median age of first birth.

The results from DHS5, indicate that the median age at first birth for women age 25-49 in Western province is 22.5 years as compared to 22.7 at national level. And at the Districts level, the highest median age at first birth is 23.3 in Nyamasheke and Rutsiro District is at 22.2 which are among the lowest districts in the Province which means that Rutsiro women give births at early age (Source DHS, 2014-15).

Use of Contraceptives.

According to DHS5 results show that 47 percent of married women age 15-49 in the Western Province are currently using any family planning method, among them 41 percent are using any modern method, and 6 percent are using any traditional method, whereas in Rutsiro District 49 percent are using any method and among them 42 percent are using modern method and 7 percent are using traditional method. This indicates that more sensitizations in the community are required to raise the use of modern contraceptives in the District.

Demand for family planning.

Results from DHS5 report indicates that the total demand for family planning among currently married women in the West Province (70 percent) is relatively the same as at it is at the national level (72 percent). At the District level, Rutsiro district is at (70 percent). These figures show that there is little knowledge or information about the usefulness of family planning programs within the Community. Therefore more efforts to sensitize the community for family planning programs are required in Rutsiro District. This is further stressed by the low level at which women and men receive family planning messages in Western Province, with 41 percent of women and 56 percent of men having heard the message over the radio which is the most widely accessed source of family planning messages, Four percent of women and eight percent of men reported having seen a family planning message on television; while 5 percent of women and 9 percent of men reported having seen a family planning message from or in a newspaper/magazine in the West Province. It is also important to note that, 58 percent of women and 43 percent of men in West Province have not been exposed to any family planning messages in any of the three specified media sources. This information indicates the level of

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need for dissemination of family planning messages not only in Rutsiro District but also the whole Province

Early Childhood Mortality.

Important definitions:

 Neonatal mortality: the probability of dying within the first month of life

 Infant mortality: the probability of dying between birth and the first birthday

 Under-5 mortality: the probability of dying between birth and the fifth birthday

The RDHS 5 has explored the early child mortality rate from women who participated to the survey and the results show that in Rutsiro District Under5 mortality is highest with 79 deaths per 1,000 live births and lowest in Nyamasheke, 17 deaths per 1,000 live births These figures of under 5 children who died is still big and strategies to reduce the number of deaths should be put in place to improve this situation.

Nutritional status among children under 5.

Nutritional status of children under age 5 is an important measure of children’s health and growth. In Western province, 45 percent of children under age 5 are stunted (too short for their age), in Rutsiro District stunting is quite evident with 46 percent, and this figure is big in the District, strategic measures to improve nutritional status should be strengthened.

Use of Insecticide Treated nets (ITN).

Malaria has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Rwanda for several years, with periodic epidemics in high-altitude areas. This section presents the 2014-15 RDHS household- level findings on use of mosquito nets, and malaria prevalence particularly among children under age 5.

The proportion of the population that slept under an ITN the night before the survey is relatively low in the Rutsiro district (37 percent) compared in Nyamasheke District (70 percent). And the percentage of children who slept under any an ITN is highest in Nyamasheke (74 percent), and lowest in Rutsiro District only (48 Percent). These figures call for urgent strategies for campaign awareness of malaria prevention by the use of mosquito nets among women and children in Rutsiro District.

Comprehensive knowledge about HIV transmission.

The 2014-15 RDHS explored the level of understanding of the causes of HIV Aids in Western Province and the results indicate that some Rwandan adults lack accurate knowledge about the ways in which HIV can and cannot be transmitted. Nevertheless, more than 51percent of women age 15-49 and 60 percent of men at the same age have comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS; that is: a healthy-looking person can have the AIDS virus and are aware that the virus cannot be transmitted by supernatural means or

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by sharing food with a person who has AIDS or by a mosquito byte. However Rutsiro district in Western province is the lowest with only 39 percent among women and 60 percent among men. Multiple campaigns on HIV transmission are needed within the community especially among women.

Attitudes towards accepting those living with HIV/AIDS.

Widespread stigma and discrimination toward those living with HIV can adversely affect both people’s willingness to be tested for HIV and their adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Thus, reduction of stigma and discrimination against people living with AIDS is an important indicator of the success of programs aimed at preventing and controlling infection. The DHS 5 report indicates that this attitude is lowest in Rutsiro District with (36 percent). Among women and 58 percent among men compared to 46 percent of all women and 62 percent of men in western Province. The results show that Rustiro District is below average of the Province and therefore awareness campaigns are needed.

(b) Basic Infrastracrure Status

Household durable goods.

The DHS5 results indicated that the four household durable goods namely Mobile phone, Radio, Television and Computer are owned in Western Province in the following percentages, Mobile phone 58 percent, Radio 46 percent, TV 6 percent and computer 2 percent compared to Rutsiro District 48 percent, 52 percent, 2 percent and 1 percent respectively. This shows that Rutsiro District is below average to possess these goods and yet they are very important in a household. Whereas according to EICV4, 52.2% own radio, 1.1% have computer, 50.2%

own mobile phones and 2.2% have TV sets. Therefore there is a need to put up strategies to increase them in the whole district given their importance in terms of education and information sharing.

Type of Settlement, dwellings, construction materials and rain water catchment.

According to EICV4, 76.2% of Rutsiro residents are settled in Imidugudu, 3.7% settled in unplanned clustered rural housing, 20% in isolated rural housing and 0.2% in small settlement.

98% of households (HHs) live in asingle house dwelling, 1.7% in multiple HH dwelling and 0.4%

live in group of enclosed dwelling multiple household. The construction materials used is as follows: Wall materials; 88% use mud bricks, 8.1% mud bricks covered with cement, 2.2% Tree

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trunks with mud and 1.8% oven firebricks. Roofing materials: 0.2% use thatched or leaves, 5.6% metal sheets, 93.9% clay tiles and 0.2% use plastic or plywood. Furthermore, 24.2% of Rutsiro households have rain water catchment system, 1.3% with rainwater tanks, 19.8% ditch and 3.1% piped away system.

Water and sanitation.

The usage of improved water in Rutsiro District is at 77.5% of households, the main source of water is protected spring which is used at 53.4%. However 22.5% of Rutsiro Community uses unimproved water which is higher than National level which is at 15.3%. 135 of households use water of unprotected spring and 0.7% unprotected well. In as far as sanitation is concerned; Rutsiro District is at 83.4% of improved sanitation with about 8.1% of households with pit latrines without slab, 8.5% households without toilet facility and 72.8% of Rutsiro households share toilets. Wastemanagement system facilitites indicate that 51.7% of households use compst heap and 47.3% throw gadbagge in the bushes, (source EICV4).

Status of Roads and transportation in the District.

The roads in Rutsiro District are not in agood shape, according to EICV4 results indicate that, 73.2% of roads are regularly used, 16.6% are often, and 8.4% are some times used while 1.7%

of roads in Rutsiro district can not be used at all.

Due to poor road networks, public transport is limited whereby 39.9% of Rutsiro residents don’t use public transport, 34.4% sometimes use it and only 17.4% use it regularly. This indicates that Rutsiro district need to invest heavily in the construction of road networks to foster development, (source EICV4).

(c) Education Status:

Education Attainment.

The proportion of women who attained primary school in the Western Province is (65 percent and 70 percent, respectively), and in secondary education level, the proportions are 13 percent for both women and men compared to Rutsiro District with only 9 percent among female and 10 percent among men. Rutsiro District is one of the lowest Districts in the Province in this field and also female are less to attend schools compared to male; there is a need to establish the reasons for this so that numbers are increased. (Source DHS, 2014-15).

Net attendance rate.

The net attendance rate among children in schooling age (7-12 in primary and 13-18 in secondary), shows that the net attendance rate in primary school is almost universal in the West province (91 percent for male and 93 percent for female) and it is almost the same at the national level (91 percent for male and 92 for female). Variation among districts of the West Province among female is from 98 percent in Nyabihu to 88 percent in Rubavu District,

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and from 97 percent in Rutsiro to 82 percent in Rubavu District among male. As shown by the above figures the net attendance rate in Rutsiro District is below the Province average, the possible causes for this should be found and corrected to increase the net attendance rate (Source DHS, 2014-15).

Gender gaps in education

Regarding enrollment in TVETs, the Technical Secondary Schools (TSS) Enrolment stands at 297 for males and at 246 for females. The gender gap is most pronounced in VTC enrolment (1,193 boys; 8 girls) (WDA, 2015). The drop out rate is an issue for boys in primary (6.3 boys;

4.4 girls) and is higher for girl’s secondary school (12.6 boys; 17 girls) (EICV4, 2013/14).

2.2. Overview of District Achievements during DDP Implementation

Rutsiro’s District Development Plan was inspired by Vision 2020, 7YGP, SDGs and EDPRS 2 thematic areas and Sector Strategic Plans during its elaboration. Its purpose is to give a strategic orientation of the District development process in Economic, Social and Governance sectors.

Since 2013 up to 2017, Rutsiro District has been registering important progress in the main sectors covered by its Development plan. The tables below indicate the key indicators that measure the progress registered in the implementation of Rutsiro DDP. It mainly highlights major achievements against what had been planned, what has not been achieved and the possible challenges this District encountered. This part also indicates the key priorities which must be carried forward into the District Development Strategy (DDS), it is also important to indicate the current potentials or opportunities in the District which will support the implementation of DDS 2018-2024.

Table 5. DDP performance achievements.

Priorities per sector DDP output indicator Baseline 2013/14 Targets 2017/18 Achievements

I. Agriculture

To enhance agriculture production

Land consolidation 9,600 ha (30%)

20,900ha) (97.8% of land consolidated)

20,442ha Protection of topsoil by

progressive and radical terraces

32.9%

(9.193 ha)

60.6%

(27,017ha) 16,391.3ha Marshland development

and irrigation 0 100 ha 0

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of tractors) 1,161 ha 6,461 ha 0

To increase agriculture productivity

Utilization of fertilizers

(organic and mineral) 8kg/ha 45kg/ha 23.5kg/ha

Utilization of improved

seeds 5% 100% 72

Improved proximity advisory services by

motivating farmer

promoters

50% 100% 75

Extension of high potential

food and cash crops 65% 100% 76

To increase animal

production and

productivity

Promote improved breeds

of livestock especially cow 3.6% 80% 35

Promotion of small livestock

(pig, goat, poultry, …) 61,3%

90% of HHs owning farm- animals.

78 Promotion of animal health,

skills in agro-vet by Fighting

against diseases

(Vaccinating the livestock and putting in place veterinary pharmacies)

30% 95% 72

Develop fish farming by capacity building of fichers’

cooperatives

11 cooperatives in lake Kivu

13 model pond fishes and 70 in cells,

Not available Isambaza

collection centre

and 5,000

fishers trained;

1 collection center

Promote beekeeper’s cooperatives and build their capacities;

9 cooperatives/

327 members

25 cooperatives, 20 000 members trained;

13 cooperatives

Develop the agricultural post-harvest handling storage system

Construct milk collection

centers (amakusanyirizo) 2 6 milk collection centers

3 milk collection centers

Construction of slaughter

houses (amabagiro) 0 5 1

Construct markets for

livestock 2 6 0

Coffee washing stations 15 18 19

Tea factory 0 2 1

Maize processing 0 1 in process at

Mushubati Sector

Fruits processing

(pineapple) 0 1 1 at Gisiza