Supplemental Figure 1. Results of the QUADAS-2 tool for the quality of studies included in the meta- analysis
Supplemental Figure 2. Meta-analysis forest plots of detection sensitivities for brain 18F-FDG PET in the diagnosis of autoimmuine encephalitis among the most frequent aAb subtypes: VGKC (A), NMDAR (B), GAD (C) and onconeuronal (D)
Supplemental Table 1. List of publications used in the systematic and exhaustive review
Autors Years
Nb patient total Nb patient TEP Nb patients IRM References
1 Afanasiev et al. * 2016 1 NA 1 (1)
2 Agrawal et al.* 2019 1 NA 1 (2)
3 Alessandro et al.* 2018 1 NA 1 (3)
4 Alexopoulos et al.* 2018 5 NA 5 (4)
5 Alkayali et al.* 2020 1 NA 1 (5)
6 Amugoda et al.* 2019 1 NA 1 (6)
7 Ances et al. 2005 7 6 7 (7)
8 Arino et al.* 2016 63 NA 63 (8)
9 Armangue et al.* 2013 20 NA 20 (9)
10 Aupy 2013 16 12 16 (10)
11 Aydos et al. 2020 6 6 6 (11)
12 Bak et al.* 2001 2 NA 2 (12)
13 Balint et al.* 2013 1 NA 1 (13)
14 Barnett et al.* 2001 1 NA 1 (14)
15 Barros et al. 2014 1 1 1 (15)
16 Bataduwaarachchi et al.* 2016 1 NA 1 (16)
17 Baumgatner et al. 2013 18 18 16 (17)
18 Belbezier et al.* 2017 2 NA 2 (18)
19 Benucci et al. 2020 1 1 1 (19)
20 Beretta et al. 2019 1 1 1 (20)
21 Bergner et al.* 2013 1 NA 1 (21)
22 Bhatjiwale et al.* 1998 14 NA 14 (22)
23 Bien et al.* 2017 64 NA 59 (23)
24 Bittner et al.* 2013 1 NA 1 (24)
25 Biyi et al. 2018 1 1 1 (25)
26 Boch et al.* 2014 1 NA 1 (26)
27 Boeck et al.* 2013 1 NA 1 (27)
28 boesebeck et al. 2013 1 1 1 (28)
29 Bordin Wosk et al.* 2019 1 NA 1 (29)
30 Boronat et al.* 2011 11 NA 11 (30)
31 Boyko et al. 2020 1 1 1 (31)
32 Breese et al.* 2010 1 NA 1 (32)
33 Brown et al.* 2019 1 NA 1 (33)
34 Campero et al.* 2017 1 NA 1 (34)
35 Carreno et al. 2018 1 1 1 (35)
36 Castagnoli et al. 2019 1 1 1 (36)
37 castellano et al. 2017 3 1 3 (37)
38 Castle et al.* 2006 1 NA 1 (38)
39 Castro et al. 2017 1 1 1 (39)
40 Celicanin et al. 2017 16 9 16 (40)
41 Chandra et al.* 2018 29 NA 29 (41)
42 Chatzikonstantinou et al. 2009 1 1 1 (42)
43 Chen et al. 2014 1 1 1 (43)
44 Chen et al. 2017 18 4 18 (44)
45 Chernyshkova et al.* 2020 1 NA 1 (45)
46 Chi et al.* 2016 96 NA 96 (46)
47 Chiapparini et al. 2003 13 3 13 (47)
48 Chinchilla et al.* 1994 8 NA 8 (48)
49 Cikrikcili et al.* 2013 1 NA 1 (49)
50 Cistaro et al. 2015 2 2 2 (50)
51 Correira et al.* 2016 1 NA 1 (51)
52 Cozar Santiago et al. 2016 1 1 1 (52)
53 Dadparvar et al. 2003 1 1 1 (53)
54 Dale et al.* 2012 17 NA 12 (54)
55 Dash et al. 2016 1 1 1 (55)
56 Davies et al.* 2016 6 NA 6 (56)
57 Day et al. 2015 1 1 1 (57)
58 De Leva et al. 2007 1 1 1 (58)
59 De Montmollin et al.* 2017 77 NA 75 (59)
60 De Scheerder et al.* 2017 1 NA 1 (60)
61 Demarquay et al.* 2010 1 NA 1 (61)
62 Deuschl et al. 2020 20 20 20 (62)
63 Dik et al. 2018 1 1 1 (63)
64 Dodich et al. 2016 3 3 3 (64)
65 Dorcet et al.* 2010 1 NA 1 (65)
66 Dubey et al.* 2018 28 NA 28 (66)
67 Endres et al. 2020 1 1 1 (67)
68 Endres et al. 2015 1 1 1 (68)
69 Endres et al. 2017 1 1 1 (69)
70 Endres et al. 2015 1 1 1 (70)
71 Endres et al. 2019 1 1 1 (71)
72 Endres et al.* 2015 180 NA 152 (72)
73 Falip et al. 2019 13 13 5 (73)
74 Fauser et al. 2005 2 1 2 (74)
75 Fermo et al. 2014 1 1 1 (75)
76 Finelli et al. 2011 1 NA 1 (76)
77 Finke et al.* 2017 30 NA 30 (77)
78 Fiorella et al. 2001 11 11 10 (78)
79 Fisher et al. 2012 9 9 na (79)
80 Flanagan et al. 2015 26 14 26 (80)
81 Florance et al.* 2009 32 NA 31 (81)
82 Ford et al.* 2019 1 NA 1 (82)
83 Frucht et al. 2002 1 1 1 (83)
84 Gable et al.* 2012 32 NA 28 (84)
85 Gahr et al.* 2015 1 NA 1 (85)
86 Gaig et al.* 2017 22 NA 22 (86)
87 Gaillard et al.* 2006 1 NA 1 (87)
88 Ganesan et al.* 2013 1 NA 1 (88)
89 Gao et al.* 2015 10 NA 10 (89)
90 Garcia et al. 2015 1 1 1 (90)
91 Gast et al. 2010 1 1 1 (91)
92 Gera et al. 2017 1 1 1 (92)
93 Gibson et al.* 2018 21 NA 21 (93)
94 Gitiaux et al.* 2016 6 NA 6 (94)
95 Goldberg et al.* 2014 1 NA 1 (95)
96 Granata et al.* 2003 12 NA 9 (96)
97 Granerod et al.* 2011 16 NA 16 (97)
98 Greiner et al. 2011 1 1 1 (98)
99 Gross et al. 2016 2 1 2 (99)
100 Gunther et al. 2012 1 1 1 (100)
101 Hacohen et al.* 2013 48 NA 48 (101)
102 Hajek et al. 1991 1 1 1 (102)
103 Hansen et al.* 2018 93 NA 92 (103)
104 Hara et al.* 2007 8 NA 8 (104)
105 Harutyunyan et al.* 2016 27 NA 27 (105)
106 Hashimoto et al.* 2019 1 NA 1 (106)
107 Hegen et al. 2016 1 1 1 (107)
108 Hennessy et al.* 2001 1 NA 1 (108)
109 Herken et al.* 2017 100 NA 100 (109)
110 Ho et al.* 2018 15 NA 15 (110)
111 Hoftberger et al.* 2013 20 NA 19 (111)
112 Hoftberger et al.* 2015 22 NA 12 (112)
113 Hoque et al. 2014 1 1 1 (113)
114 Huemer et al.* 2015 1 NA 1 (114)
115 Iizuka et al. 2008 4 1 4 (115)
116 Ioannides et al. 2017 1 1 1 (116)
117 Irani et al. 2011 29 10 26 (117)
118 Irani et al.* 2008 3 NA 3 (118)
119 Irani et al.* 2010 64 NA 64 (119)
120 Iseki et al. 2009 1 1 1 (120)
121 Ishiura et al. 2008 1 1 1 (121)
122 Ismail et al.* 2020 1 NA 1 (122)
123 Iyer et al. 2017 2 1 2 (123)
124 Jagtap et al.* 2014 16 NA 16 (124)
125 Jang et al. 2018 13 13 12 (125)
126 Jiang et al. 2019 1 1 1 (126)
127 Joubert et al.* 2016 18 NA 15 (127)
128 Ju et al.* 2017 1 NA 1 (128)
129 Kacem et al.* 2019 2 NA 2 (129)
130 Kaestner et al. 2008 1 1 1 (130)
131 Kaira et al.* 2014 1 NA 1 (131)
132 Kamaleshwaran et al. 2013 1 1 1 (132)
133 Kaplan et al. 2017 1 1 1 (133)
134 Kasahara et al.* 2016 1 NA 1 (134)
135 Kassubek et al. 2011 2 2 2 (135)
136 Kerik-Rotenberg et al. 2020 33 33 33 (136)
137 Kim et al. 2014 5 5 5 (137)
138 Kim et al.* 2016 1 NA 1 (138)
139 Kishi et al.* 2010 1 NA 1 (139)
140 Kitazaki et al.* 2020 1 NA 1 (140)
141 Kondo et al.* 2014 1 NA 1 (141)
142 Kotagal et al. 2012 1 1 1 (142)
143 Kothur et al.* 2016 11 NA 11 (143)
144 Kuki et al. 2018 23 5 23 (144)
145 Kümpfel et al.* 2016 1 NA 1 (145)
146 Kunchok et al. 2016 1 1 1 (146)
147 Kunze et al. 2014 1 1 1 (147)
148 Lagarde et al. 2016 6 6 6 (148)
149 Lagström et al. 2019 1 1 1 (149)
150 Lai et al.* 2005 10 NA 10 (150)
151 Lancaster et al.* 2011 2 NA 2 (151)
152 Lancaster et al.* 2011 5 NA 5 (152)
153 Lancaster et al.* 2010 15 NA 15 (153)
154 Lapucci et al. 2019 1 1 1 (154)
155 Laurido-Soto 2019 2 2 2 (155)
156 Lazarev et al.* 2015 1 NA 1 (156)
157 Le May et al. * 2018 1 NA 1 (157)
158 Lee et al. 2013 1 1 1 (158)
159 Lee et al. 2014 1 1 0 (159)
160 Lee et al. 2014 3 3 3 (160)
161 Lee et al. 2004 6 6 na (161)
162 Lee et al.* 2016 161 NA 161 (162)
163 Lee et al.* 2016 91 NA 91 (163)
164 Leyhe et al.* 2006 1 NA 1 (164)
165 Leypoldt et al. 2012 6 6 6 (165)
166 Li et al. 2019 1 1 1 (166)
167 Li et al. 2016 10 1 10 (167)
168 Li et al. 2020 6 5 6 (168)
169 Li et al.* 2018 1 NA 1 (169)
170 Li et al.* 2020 1 NA 1 (170)
171 lima et al. 2020 1 1 1 (171)
172 Liu et al. 2020 34 34 34 (172)
173 Liu et al.* 2019 1 NA 1 (173)
174 Loftspring et al. 2015 1 1 1 (174)
175 Longaretti et al.* 2012 19 NA 15 (175)
176 Longo et al. 2019 1 1 1 (176)
177 Lopez Chiriboga et al. 2017 1 1 1 (177)
178 Lopez Chiriboga et al.* 2018 12 NA 12 (178)
179 Lv et al. 2019 28 28 na (179)
180 Lwanga et al. 2018 1 1 1 (180)
181 Ma et al.* 2019 42 NA 37 (181)
182 Maat et al.* 2015 22 NA 17 (182)
183 Maeda et al. 2003 1 1 1 (183)
184 Maeder-Ingwar et al. 2011 1 1 1 (184)
185 Maffione et al. 2013 1 1 1 (185)
186 Mahadeen et al.* 2019 1 NA 1 (186)
187 Malter et al. 2010 53 12 53 (187)
188 Mamoudji et al.* 2014 8 NA 8 (188)
189 Maqbool et al. 2011 1 1 1 (189)
190 Mariotto et al. 2014 1 1 1 (190)
191 Masangkay et al. 2014 10 10 10 (191)
192 Mat et al.* 2013 1 NA 1 (192)
193 Mathew et al.* 2007 6 NA 6 (193)
194 Matsumoto et al.* 2007 1 NA 1 (194)
195 Matsumoto et al.* 2012 1 NA 1 (195)
196 Mc Ginley et al. 2016 1 1 1 (196)
197 Meixensberger et al. 2020 1 1 1 (197)
198 Melzer et al. 2012 1 1 1 (198)
199 Metzger et al. 2019 2 2 2 (199)
200 Mishra et al.* 2013 1 NA 1 (200)
201 Mittal et al. * 2016 25 NA 25 (201)
202 Mittal et al.* 2010 2 NA 2 (202)
203 Moloney et al. 2017 1 1 1 (203)
204 Morbelli et al. 2016 1 1 1 (204)
205 Moreno Ajona et al. 2020 6 6 6 (205)
206 Morooka et al. 2012 1 1 1 (206)
207 Moubtakir et al. 2018 1 1 1 (207)
208 Mueller et al.* 2018 150 NA 150 (208)
209 Murata et al. 2015 1 1 1 (209)
210 Mythri et al.* 2016 1 NA 1 (210)
211 Na et al. 2001 1 1 1 (211)
212 Nagano et al. 2019 1 1 1 (212)
213 Nakajima et al.* 2019 1 NA 1 (213)
214 Nakaoku et al. 2013 1 1 1 (214)
215 Nene et al.* 2019 1 NA 1 (215)
216 Newey et al. 2013 1 1 1 (216)
217 Newey et al. 2016 7 7 7 (217)
218 Ng et al.* 2018 1 NA 1 (218)
219 Nissen et al.* 2019 1 NA 1 (219)
220 Novy et al. 2016 4 4 4 (220)
221 Novy et al.* 2009 1 NA 1 (221)
222 O Connor et al. 2019 5 2 2 (222)
223 O’Rourke et al. et al. 2014 1 1 1 (223)
224 Ochoa-Figueroa et al. 2012 1 1 1 (224)
225 Ochoa-Figueroav 2012 1 1 1 (225)
226 Padma et al. 2011 1 1 1 (226)
227 Pandit et al*. 2013 15 NA 15 (227)
228 Pari et al. 2014 1 1 1 (228)
229 Park et al. 2015 1 1 1 (229)
230 Patil et al. 2014 1 1 NA (230)
231 Patira et al.* 2016 1 NA 1 (231)
232 Petit pedrol et al.* 2014 6 NA 6 (232)
233 Piepgras et al. 2015 1 1 1 (233)
234 Pillai et al. 2010 2 2 2 (234)
235 Pittock et al.* 2005 27 NA 27 (235)
236 Pollak et al.* 2017 1 NA 1 (236)
237 Probasco et al. 2017 1 1 NA (237)
238 Probasco et al. 2014 1 1 1 (238)
239 Probasco et al. 2018 61 61 57 (239)
240 Provenzale et al. 1998 1 1 1 (240)
241 Pruss et al. 2012 7 1 7 (241)
242 Rangan et al. 2020 1 1 1 (242)
243 Rao et al.* 2015 1 NA 1 (243)
244 Rey et al. 2012 3 3 3 (244)
245 Rocamora et al. 2014 5 3 5 (245)
246 Sakurai et al.* 2015 1 NA 1 (246)
247 Salehi et al.* 2018 1 NA 1 (247)
248 Samejima et al.* 2010 1 NA 1 (248)
249 Sankaranarayanan et al. 2019 1 1 1 (249)
250 Sarria-Estrada et al. 2014 5 2 5 (250)
251 Schankin et al. * 2016 40 NA 39 (251)
252 Scheid et al. 2004 1 1 1 (252)
253 Schmidt et al. 2016 1 1 NA (253)
254 Schneider et al.* 2019 1 NA 1 (254)
255 Schröder et al. 2015 1 1 1 (255)
256 Schubert et al. 2019 120 51 118 (256)
257 Sekigawa et al. 2010 1 1 1 (257)
258 Shan et al. 2019 1 1 1 (258)
259 Shimoyama et al.* 2016 1 NA 1 (259)
260 Shin et al. 2013 14 10 14 (260)
261 Shinagawa et al.* 2020 1 NA 1 (261)
262 Simabukuro et al. 2015 1 1 1 (262)
263 Simard et al. * 2020 38 NA 33 (263)
264 Singh et al.* 2015 44 NA 43 (264)
265 Soares et al. 2016 1 1 1 (265)
266 Sobas et al.* 2006 1 NA 1 (266)
267 Sohal et al.* 2020 1 NA 1 (267)
268 Solnes et al. 2017 23 23 23 (268)
269 Song et al.* 2017 2 NA 2 (269)
270 Spatola et al. 2014 1 1 1 (270)
271 Spatola et al. 2018 11 3 11 (271)
272 Spatola et al.* 2017 17 NA 17 (272)
273 Stefanoni et al. 2020 1 1 1 (273)
274 Steriade et al. 2018 19 12 19 (274)
275 Stoeck et al.* 2015 1 NA 1 (275)
276 Strohm et al. 2019 12 12 12 (276)
277 Su et al. 2015 1 1 1 (277)
278 Suhs et al.* 2014 3 NA 3 (278)
279 Szots et al.* 2016 4 NA 4 (279)
280 Takagi et al. 2011 1 1 1 (280)
281 Takkar et al. 2016 1 1 1 (281)
282 Tanaka et al. 1997 1 1 1 (282)
283 Taneja et al. 2018 1 1 1 (283)
284 Tarula et al. 2012 1 1 1 (284)
285 Thilo et al.* 2009 1 NA 1 (285)
286 Thomas et al. 2015 1 1 1 (286)
287 Thomas et al.* 2013 1 NA 1 (287)
288 Thompson et al.* 2018 103 NA 103 (288)
289 Titulaer et al.* 2013 31 NA 31 (289)
290 Tobin et al. 2014 1 1 1 (290)
291 Tobin et al.* 2014 20 NA 13 (291)
292 Tofaris et al.* 2012 2 NA 2 (292)
293 Trevino Peinado et al. 2015 1 1 1 (293)
294 Tripathi et al. 2018 24 24 24 (294)
295 Troester et al. 2008 1 1 na (295)
296 Tsunoda et al.* 2017 1 NA 1 (296)
297 Turpin et al. 2019 23 23 23 (297)
298 Tuzun et al.* 2007 2 NA 2 (298)
299 Tzoulis et al. 2013 1 1 1 (299)
300 Van Coevorden-Hameete et al.* 2019 32 NA 29 (300)
301 Varghese et al.* 2014 1 NA 1 (301)
302 vernino et al. 2002 16 1 8 (302)
303 Villani et al. 2001 1 1 1 (303)
304 Villani et al. 2006 7 5 7 (304)
305 Vitaliani et al. 2005 9 3 8 (305)
306 Wagner et al. 2018 33 3 33 (306)
307 Wang et al. 2013 7 4 7 (307)
308 Wang* 2017 1 NA 1 (308)
309 Wegner et al. 2014 10 4 4 (309)
310 Wei et al. 2013 1 1 1 (310)
311 Wei et al. 2020 1 1 1 (311)
312 Wei et al. 2020 2 2 2 (312)
313 Widman et al. 2015 1 1 1 (313)
314 Wieser et al. 2005 1 1 1 (314)
315 Willenberg et al.* 2018 1 NA 1 (315)
316 Xia et al.* 2018 1 NA 1 (316)
317 Xu et al.* 2015 2 NA 2 (317)
318 Yap et al. 2017 1 1 1 (318)
319 Yaxley et al.* 2017 1 NA 1 (319)
320 Yeo et al.* 2018 7 NA 7 (320)
321 Yoga et al.* 2014 1 NA 1 (321)
322 Younes et al. 2018 1 1 1 (322)
323 Yuan et al. 2016 8 6 NA (323)
324 Zhang et al. 2016 1 1 1 (324)
325 Zhang et al.* 2019 34 NA 34 (325)
326 Zhang et al.* 2017 62 NA 62 (326)
327 Zheng et al. 2014 1 1 NA (327)
328 Zhou et al. 2020 1 1 1 (328)
329 Zhu et al. 2020 14 9 14 (329)
* Publication only included MRI description
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