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HAL Id: hal-03232606

https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-03232606

Submitted on 21 May 2021

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Functional trait-based approaches as a common framework for freshwater and marine ecologists

Severine Martini, Floriane Larras, Aurélien Boyé, Emile Faure, Nicole Aberle, Philippe Archambault, Lise Bacouillard, Beatrix Beisner, Lucie Bittner,

Emmanuel Castella, et al.

To cite this version:

Severine Martini, Floriane Larras, Aurélien Boyé, Emile Faure, Nicole Aberle, et al.. Functional trait- based approaches as a common framework for freshwater and marine ecologists. 11th Symposium for European Freshwater Sciences (SEFS), Jun 2019, Zagreb, Croatia. �hal-03232606�

(2)

Opportunities and common challenges for aquatic ecologists

Studying functional diversity over various spatio-temporal scales: Using functional traits as a common currency among marine ecologists, these approaches could revealing hidden patterns of diversity.

Trait-based monitoring, conservation, and management of aquatic ecosystems: functional traits provide integrative tools for biomonitoring, ecological quality assessment of aquatic ecosystems, and biodiversity conservation in the context of global changes.

Disentangling food web structures and trophic interactions: functional traits provide new insights for studying biotic interactions, trophic structures, and relationship between diversity and ecosystem functioning.

Figure 1: Network map representing the keywords used in publications related to trait-based approaches in aquatic ecology. The co-occurrence network is based on the top 100 keywords used in 2,476 articles extracted from Web of Science. It highlights the topics for which functional-trait approaches have been used. Three clusters are identified and underline the need of more interactions between freshwater and marine ecology.

1 Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-mer, France /2 Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany /3 Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Plouzané, France /4 Sorbonne Université, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France /5 Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Biologisk stasjon, Trondheim, Norway /6 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Québec at Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada /7 Sorbonne Université, Univ Antilles, Evolution Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine , Paris, France /8 Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Earth and Environmental Science Section and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland /9 Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Metz, France /10 School of Marine sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME USA /11 Québec-Océan and Unité Mixte Internationale Takuvik Ulaval-CNRS, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada /12 Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland

New tools for functional trait-based approaches

EMPIRICAL: traits measured in situ and in the laboratory. Recently, several databases became available, but often focusing on a limited number of organisms and traits.

IMAGING/ACOUSTIC: behaviour and traits with morphological or acoustic signature, measured automatically with high frequency. Opportunities from artificial intelligence recognition and classification.

OMICS: give access to structures and functions at different molecular levels.

MODELING: simulation of the distribution and dynamics of traits, in relation with biogeography, biogeochemical cycles or impact of human pressures.

Ecological function

Trait type

Maximum organism size

MorphologicalPhysiologicalLife HistoryBehavioural

Resource acquisition Growth

Volume to biomass ratio

Water content Food particle size range

Photosynthesis ability Maximum growth rate

Stoichiometric requirements/content

Feeding efficiency or clearance rate Faecal pellet production Food preferences/diet

Substrate relation (plankton/benthos, including substrate specific relation for benthos)

Starvation tolerance, incl. lipid reserves/content

Reproduction Survival

Armouring or defences, incl.

biomineralisation Brooding type

Transparency

Chemical compounds for mating or detecting congeners

Basal metabolic rate

Escape responses

Migrations Salinity preferences/tolerances

Reproduction strategy (parental care, free or fixed eggs/clutches) Level of cellularity/Coloniality

Organism shape

Feeding mode

Nutrient requirements

Allelochemical compounds

Size at maturation

Type of reproduction (sexual or asexual)

Resting stages/ dormancy/ diapause Fecundity

(offspring size & number)

Toxin production

Ecosystem engineering, including bioturbation/irrigation for benthos Life cycle (incl. bentho-pelagic cycle)/ Aquatic stage(s)

Lifespan/longevity

Dispersal or dissemination potential

Voltinism Colour

Bioluminescence Bioluminescence

Production/perception of sounds Perception of sounds

Motility/Locomotion (pattern, speed)

Figure 2: Unified typology of aquatic functional traits. This typology focuses on the key traits that transcend the taxonomic peculiarities of the different aquatic ecosystems.

They are classified by type and ecological function as inLitchman & Klausmeier (2008, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.).

Green cluster:

Marine, climate-

change, food-webs,

morphology, size, lake, fish, plankton.

Red cluster:

Biodiversity, community, ecosystem, functioning, patterns.

Blue cluster:

Trait, freshwater, invertebrate, river, assemblage, habitat.

Context and objectives

Aquatic ecologists face a common challenge: identifying the general rules of the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and developing a more predictive ecological understanding.

However, freshwater and marine ecologists traditionally form two distinct scientific communities. A common framework is needed to transcend fields specificities and taxonomy by providing sharable tools.

Our goal is to advocate the use of functional trait-based approaches as a common framework for aquatic ecologists.

Functional traits are morphological, physiological or phenological feature measurable at the individual level, from the cell to the whole- organism level, which impacts fitness indirectly via its effects on growth, reproduction and survival (Violle et al. 2007, Oikos).

Functional trait-based approaches as a common framework for freshwater and marine ecologists

S. Martini

1

, F. Larras

2

, A. Boyé

3,4

, E. Faure

1,7

, N. Aberle-Malzah

5

, P. Archambault

11

, L. Bacouillard

4

, B. Beisner

6

, L. Bittner

7

, E. Castella

8

, M. Danger

9

, O. Gauthier

3

, L. Karp-Boss

10

, F. Lombard

1

, F. Maps

11

,

L. Stemmann

1

, E. Thiébaut

4

, P. Usseglio-Polaterra

9

, M. Vogt

12

,

M. Laviale

#9

, S-D. Ayata

#1

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