Span Tables for Wood Joists, Rafters and Beams: 1971

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@

National

Research

Council of Canada

1971

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Spaltling Printing Conipa~ly Limited 16 Queen Elizabrtll Rlvd., Tolollto 18, Ont.

0 I N F O R M A T I O N C A N A D A O T T A W A , 1973 Contract No. : 31040-3-0523

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PREFACE

Recent changes in lumber sizes, allowable stresses, grading rules and grade descriptions have necessitated the recalculation of the span tables for wood joists, rafters and beams used in conjunction with Part 9 of the National Building Code of Canada. The revised tables have been prepared by the Forest Products Laboratory, Ottawa, of the Department of Fisheries and Forestry at the request of the Associate Committee on the National Building Code which gratefully acknowledges this assistance. The tables are presented in this printed form together with the new lumber grade mark facsimiles as a conveniepce to users of the Code.

These tables apply to lumber manufactured to the new standard sizes as specified in CSA 0141-1970, "Softwood Lumber". The allowable spans have been calculated in accordance with the requirements for loads in Part 9 of the National Building Code and in conformance with the design procedures in CSA 086-1970, "Code of Recommended Practice for Engineering Design in Timber". They are based on grade descriptions contained in "1971 NLGA Standard Grading Rules for Canadian Lumber" published by the National Lumber Grades Authority.

The Associate Committee also wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the Canadian Wood Council in providing information in relation to the development of this material.

nited 18, Ont.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

. . .

General Notes concerning Span Tables and their Use

I Tables

1

.

Ceiling Joists . Attic Not Accessible by a Stairway (Live Load 30 lblsq ft)

. .

2

.

Floor Joists . Living Quarters (Live Load 40 Ib/sq ft)

. . .

3

.

Floor Joists

.

Bedrooms and in Attics Accessible by a Stairway (Live Load

. . .

3Olblsqft)

. . .

.

.

4 Roof Joists Supporting Ceiling (Live Load 50 lb per sq ft)

.

. . .

5

.

Roof Joists Supporting Ceiling (Live Load 40 lb per sq ft)

6

.

Roof Joists . Supporting Ceiling (Live Load 30 lb per sq ft)

. . .

. . .

.

7

.

Roof Joists Supporting Ceiling (Live Load 20 lb per sq ft)

. . .

.

.

8 Rafters Not Supporting Ceiling (Live Loads 50 and 40 lb per sq ft)

9

.

Rafters . Not Supporting Ceiling (Live Loads 30 and 20 lb per sq ft)

. . .

10

.

Maximum Spans for Built up Wood Beams in Basements. Cellars and Crawl

Spaces. One Storey Houses

. . .

11

.

Maximum Spans for Built up Wood Beams in Basements. Cellars and Crawl

. . .

Spaces. Two Storey Houses

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SPAN TABLES FOR WOOD JOISTS,

RAFTERS AND BEAMS

GENERAL NOTES CONCERNING SPAN TABLES AND THEIR USE

I

In 197 1 new grading rules and new standards were introduced which affected sizes, grade descriptions and allowable stresses for lumber. These changes rendered the existing span tables in the 1970 edition of the National Building Code obsolete for lumber manufactured to these new requirements. At the request of the Associate Committee on the National Building Code,

I

I the Forest Products Laboratory, Ottawa, of the Department of Fisheries and Forestry

recalculated the span tables in the light of these new grading rules and standards. These

1

span tables are shown as Tables 1 to 11 of this publication.

I

I

I scope

I _{The spans for rafters, roof joists and ceiling joists in this publication apply to all}

buildings covered by the requirements in Section 9.23, "Wood Frame Construction," of the National Building Code of Canada 1970 (i.e. buildings up to 3 storeys in height having an area in any floor not exceeding 6000 sq ft and classified as Residential, Business and Personal Service, Mercantile or Low or Medium Hazard Industrial Occupancy).

I

In these span tables, the term "rafter" refers to a sloping wood framing member which supports the roof sheathing but does not support a ceiling, and encloses an attic space. The term "roof joist" refers to a horizontal or sloping wood framing member that supports the roof sheathing and the ceiling finish but does not enclose an attic space.

! _{Where rafters or roof joists are intended for use in a locality having a higher design roof}

snow load than shown in the tables, the maximum member spacing may be calculated as the product of the member spacing and snow load shown in the span tables divided by the design roof snow load for the locality being considered. The following are examples of how this principle can be applied:

1) For a 60 psf design snow load, use spans for 30 psf and 24 in. O.C. spacing but space

members 12 in. ox., or use spans for 40 psf and 24 in. O.C. spacing but space members 16 in. O.C.

2) For a 70 psf design snow load, use spans for 50 psf and 24 in. O.C. spacing but space members 16 in. O.C.

3) For an 80 psf design snow load, use spans for 40 psf and 24 in. O.C. spacing but space members 12 in. O.C.

The spans for floor joists apply only to buildings covered in Section 9.23 of the National Building Code of Canada 1970, but are limited to floors that are not required to be designed to resist concentrated loads as specified in Section 9.4, "Loads", of the Code. The span tables for wood floor joists apply to the design live loads shown in the span tables.

The spans for wood beams apply to built-up wood beams in basements, cellars or crawl spaces in one- and two-storey dwellings only. Spans for wood joists, rafters and beams which fall outside the scope of these span tables must be calculated in conformance with CSA 086-1970 which is contained in Supplement No. 4 to the National Building Code of Canada 1970.

Design Basis

The design loads and deflection limits used in calculating the span tables are those specified in Section 9.4, "Loads", of the National Building Code.

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The lumber sizes assumed in the calculations are those dressed to Canadian standard sizes for yard lumber in accordance with CSA 0141-1970. These sizes, based on lumber having a moisture content of 19 per cent, are as follows:

Nominal Size 2 in. x 4 in. 2 in. x 6 in. 2 in. x 8 in. 2 in. x 10 in. 2in. x 12 in. Dressed Size (at 1Wo M.C.) 1-112 in. x 3-112 in. 1-112 in. x 5-112 in. 1-112 in. x 7-114 in. 1-112 in. x 9-1/4h. 1-112 in. x 11-114 in. For moisture contents other than 19%, provision is made in CSA 0141-1970 to allow for the size variations that occur as a result of changes in lumber moisture content.

The descriptions of the grades of lumber specified in the span tables are contained in the "1971 NLGA Standard Grading Rules for Canadian Lumber," published by the National Lumber Grades Authority, Vancouver. The design stresses used in calculating the span tables have been determined in conformance with CSA 086-1970.

Use

of Tables

The allowable spans in the following table are measured from face or edge of support to face or edge of support.

In the case of sloping roof framing members, the spans are expressed in terms of the horizontal distance between supports rather than the length of the sloping member. The snow loads are also expressed in terms of the horizontal projection of the sloping roof. Spans for odd-size lumber (i.e. 2 in. x 5 in., 2 in. x 7 in., etc.) may be estimated by straight line interpolation in the tables. Spans for 2 in. x 5 in. lumber of Construction, Standard, or Utility grades may be 30 per cent greater than the spans for 2 in. x 4 in. lumber.

Grade Marking of Lumber

Facsimiles of typical grade marks of lumber associations and grading agencies certified by the Canadian Lumber Standards (CLS) Administrative Board to _grade mark lumber in Canada are shown on pages 10 to 12. Certification by the CLS Administrative Board applies to the inspection, gradng and grade marking of lumber, including mill supervisory service, in accordance with CSA Standard 014 1-1970, Softwood Lumber.

The grade mark of a CLS certified agency on a piece of lumber indicates its assigned grade, species or species combination, moisture condition at time of surfacing, the responsible grader or mill of origin, and the CLS certified agency under whose s u p e ~ s i o n the grading and marking was done.

Canadian lumber is graded to the NLGA Standard Grading Rules for Canadian Lumber, published by the National Lumber Grades Authority. The NLGA rules specify standard grade names and grade name abbreviations for use in grade marks, to provlde positive identification of lumber grades. In a similar fashion, standard species names or standard species abbreviations, symbols or marks are provided in the rules for use in grade marks.

Beginning in 1971, grade marks will denote the moisture content of lumber at the time of surfacing. "S-DRY" in the mark indicates the lumber was surfaced at a moisture content not exceeding 19 per cent. "MC 15" indicates a moisture content not exceeding 15 per cent.

"SGRN" in the grade mark signifies that the lumber was surfaced at a moisture content higher

than 19 per cent at a size to allow for natural shrinkage during seasoning.

Each mill or grader is assigned a permanent number. The point of origin of lumber is identified in the grade mark by use of mill or grader number, or by the mill name or abbreviation. The CLS certified agency under whose supervision the lumber was grade marked is identified in the mark by the registered symbol of the agency, e.g. AFPA, CLA, CLMA.

Lumber species in Tables 1 to 11 are identified by the standard commercial names for individual species given in CSA Standard 0141-1970, Softwood Lumber. Since a number of

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lose dressed to Canadian standard sizes These sizes, based on lumber having a

Dressed Size (at 19% M.C.) 1-112 in.; 3-112 in. 1-112 in. x 5-112 in. 1-112 in. x 7-114 in. 1-112 in. x 9-1 14 in. 1-112 in. x 11-114 in.

; made in CSA 0141-1970 to allow for

1

ber moisture content. I

in the span tables are contained in the Lumber," published by the National ses used in calculating the span tables

'0.

asured from face or edge of support to !e spans are expressed in terms of the lgth of the sloping member. The snow jection of the sloping roof. Spans for

:.) may be estimated by straight line

r of Construction, Standard, or Utility x 4 in. lumber.

dations and grading agencies certified tive Board to _grade mark lumber in the CLS Administrative Board applies

, including mill supervisory service, in

mber.

piece of lumber indicates its assigned

n at time of surfacing, the responsible

~der whose supervision the grading and

1 Grading Rules for Canadian Lumber, ,

le NLGA rules specify standard grade :s, to provlde positive identification of nes or standard species abbreviations,

: marks.

~oisture content of lumber ,at the time

was surfaced at a moisture content not ,

content not exceeding 15 per cent. !

i surfaced at a moisture content higher

uing seasoning.

~ber. The point of origin of lumber is :r number, or .by the mill name or ervision the lumber was grade marked gency, e.g. AFPA, CLA, CLMA. y the standard commercial names for bftwood Lumber. Since a number of

these species are marketed together, certain combinations of species are given a single species designation on grade marks. The maximum allowable spans for such species combination are those for the lowest valued individual species in the combination.

The names of various Canadian species and species combinations in the "NLGA Standard Grading Rules for Chadian Lumber" and their standard abbreviations, either of which may appear on the grade rnmks, are shown in the following table.

Commercial Designation of Species or Species Combination Abbreviation Permitted on Grade Stamps Species Included

Douglas fu- Larch Hem- Fir

Eastern hemlo ck- Tamarack

Pacik coast yellow ceda~

Pacific coast yellow cedar Jack pine Spruce-Pine-Fir D Fir-L Hem- Fir Hem-Tam Y Cedar

Engelmann spruce Jack pine

Black spruce Alpine fu

Red spruce Balsam fir

Douglas fir, Western larch

Western hemlock, Amabilis fir

Grand fir

Eastern hemlock, Tamarack

Red pine

1

Red pine

Coast sitka spruce

Ponderosa pine '

-

-Western white pine W W Pine

I

Western (Idaho) white pine

- -

Eastern white

prl

East. White Pine

1

Eastern white pine

C Sit Spr P Pine

Western cedars

Sitka spruce Ponderosa pine

I

w

cedar Western red cedar

Pacific coast yellow cedar

Poplar Aspen poplar

Largetooth aspen Balsam poplar

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Facsimile of Grade

Mark

Association or Agency

AmFmf?A?

0

0

Alberta 10428

-

Forest 123rd Products Street, Association,

S-G R N Edmonton 40, Alberta.

S=PmF

CONST

I

E A S T E R N

GRDR. Canadian Lumbermen's Association,

000-0 27 Goulbourn Avenue

Ottawa 2, Ontario.

@@;

3

,

Carib00 Lumber Manufacturers Association, Box 863,

Williams Lake, B.C

Council of the Forest Industries

STAND

7

1

of British Columbia,

15 00 Guinness Tower, 1055 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 1, B.C.

DOUG FIR-L

l

LMA93

Interior Lumber Manufacturers Association, Suite 4,44 West Padmore St.,

Penticton, B.C.

CONST SGRN

M . F.

P .

A.20

Manitoba Forest Products Association,

S-P-F

S-GRN

559 Oxford Street, Winnipeg 9, Manitoba.

S T U D

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Association or Agency

a Forest Products Association,

- 123rd Street,

nton 40, Alberta.

ian Lumbermen's Association, ulbourn Avenue

a 2, Ontario.

10 Lumber Manufacturers Association,

63, ns Lake, B.C.

:il of the Forest Industries British Columbia, Guinness Tower, West Hastings Street, mver 1, B.C.

Ir Lumber Manufacturers Association, 4,44 West Padmore St.,

:ton, B.C.

oba Forest Products Association, bxford Street,

peg 9, Manitoba

Facsimile of Grade

Mark

SPRUCg

PINE

FIR

STAND,

S CRN.

s m p * F

S

-

DRY

1

O.L.M.A.

@

01

-1

CONST.

S - D R ~

SPRUCE

-

PINE

-

FIR

S-P-F

CONST.

r

SEL. STR.

I

EPINETTE SPRUCE N O M ET/OU No OU MOULIN MILL'S NAME AND/OR NUMBER C U S S R l - 1 1 0 8 GRDR

R VERT S.GRN

CLB

'IR

Association or Agency

Maritime Lumber Bureau, P.O. Box 459,

Amher st, Nova Scotia

Northern Interior Lumbermen's Association, 5 14 The Royal Bank Building,

550 Victoria Street, Prince George, B.C.

Ontario Lumber Manufacturers Association,

85 St. Clair Avenue, East,

Toronto 7, Ontario.

Saskatchewan Timber Board, M and C Building,

Prince Albert, Sask

Service d'inspection des sciages de l'Atlantique,

Atlantic Lumber Inspection Bureau, A Branch of Quebec Lumber

Manufacturers Association, P.O. Box 657, 5 du Parloir Street, Quebec 4, P.Q.

California Lumber Inspection Service,

San

Jose, Ca-lifornia, 95 125

(Branch Office: Karnloops, B.C.)

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Facsimile

of

Grade

Mark

Association or Agency

MacDonald Inspection, 125 East 4th Avenue, Vancouver 10, B.C.

W C L B R U L E S

Pacific

Lumber

Inspection Bureau,

White-Henry-Stuart Building, Seattle, Washington. 98101

S - G R N

B.C. Division _{1460-1055 West Hastings St.,}

Office,

O 0

H E M - F I R

Vancouver 1, B.C.

10

CONST

WWS

P.O. N.W.T. Grade Stamping Box 2157, Agency,

S-GRN

Yellowknife, N.W.T.

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Association or Agency

maid Inspection,

ast 4th Avenue, uver 10, B.C.

: Lumber Inspection Bureau, Henry-Stuart Building, :, Washington. 98101

rivision Office,

1055 West Hastings St.,

uver 1,

B.C.

.

Grade Stamping Agency,

ox 2157, {knife, N.W.T. I ! ! ! ! I I I I I * w a z z w w a z z * W a * w a z z ~ ~ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

1

..mm-

1

HmmH. mm-mm

:::Ij

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TABLE

1 (Cont'd) CEILING JOISTS

-

ATTIC NOT ACCESSIBLE BY A

STAIRWAY

(LIVE

LOAD 10

Ib

per

sq ft) Gypsum Board or Plastered Ceiling Other Ceilings ' Nominal Joist spacing Joist spacing Species Grade

Size,

_inches 12IN. 16IN. 20IN. 24IN. 12IN. 16IN. 20IN. 24IN.

FT.

IN.

FT.

IN.

FT.

IN.

FT.

IN.

FT.

IN. FT. IN.

FT.

IN.

FT.

IN.

Pacific Coast Hemlock Select 2x4 1010 9 10 9 2 8 7 12 511 3 10 6 9 10 Amabilis Fir Structural 2X 6 17 1 15 6 14 4 13 6 19 6 17 9 16 6 15 6 Grand Fir 2x8 22 6 20 5 19 0 17 10 25 9 23 5 21 9 20 5 2x10 28 8 26 124 2 22 9 32 10 29 10 27 9 26 1 2x12 34 11 31 9 29 5 27 8 40 0 36 4 33 9 31 9 No. 1 2x4 10 10 9 10 9 2 8 7 12 5 1 3 10 6 9 10 2x6 17 115 6 14 4 13 6 19 6 17 7 15 9 14 5 2x8 22 6 20 5 19 0 17 10 25 9 23 3 20 9 19 0 2x10 28 8 26 1 24 2 22 9 32 10 29 8 26 6 24 3 2x12 34 11 31 9 29 5 27 8 40 0 36 132 3 29 5 No. 2 2x4 10 6 9 6 810 8 412 01011 910 811 2x 6 16 6 14 11 13 11 12 9 18 1 15 8 14 0 12 9 2x8 21 9 19 9 18 4 16 10 23 11 20 8 18 6 16 10 2x10 27 9 25 2 23 4 21 6 30 6 26 5 23 7 21 6 2x12 33 9 30 8 28 5 26 2 37 1 32 128 9 26 2 No. 3 2x4 9

2

711 7 16 5 9 2 711 7 16 5 2x6 13 9 11 11 10 8 9 913 9 11 11 10 8 9 9 2x 8 18 2 15 9 14 1 12 10 18 2 15 9 14 1 12 10 2x10 23 2 20 117 11 16 5 23 2 20 117 11 16 5 2x12 28 2 24 5 21 10 19 11 28 2 24 5 21 10 19 11 Construction 2x4 10 1 9 2 8 2 7 510 7 9 2 8 2 7 5 Standard 2x4 711 610 6 15 7 711 610 6 15 7 Utility 2x45347413853474138 A

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2

6 g * a w z z * - - o m 4 4 * \ D o o z z * \ D w ~ ~

*

* *

.

.

X X X X X X X X X X XXXXX XXXXX X X X O m B + m P 4 m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m ~4 CI m

z,.

E 0 P) 3

4

3

e ,

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* c.' .-I CI rn

B 2 h

$2

d

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g j l

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P

P

2

U Z D

V1

'i

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.[

ii

7 - w r

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v L L 0 0

5

1.2

Es

&a

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E

m r n Z 4 ~ 1

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TABLE

1 (Cont'd) CEILING JOISTS

-

ATIlC NOT ACCESSIBLE BY A STAIRWAY

(LIVE

LOAD 10 lb per sq ft) Gypsum Board or Plastered Ceiling Other Ceilings

'

Nominal Joist spacing Joist spacing Species Grade Size, inches 12 IN. 16

IN.

20

IN.

24

IN.

12

IN.

16 IN. 20IN. 24 IN. FT. IN. FT. IN.

FT.

IN. FT. IN. FT. IN. FT. IN. FT. IN. FT. IN. Western Red Cedar Select 2x4 910 811 8 3 7 911 310 3 9 6 811 Red Pine Structural 2x6 15 614 113 012 317 816 1141114 1 Western White Pine 2x8 20 5 18 6 17 216 223 421 3 19 8 18 6 White Pine 2x10 26 0 23 8 21 11 20 8 29 10 27 1 25 2 23 8 2x12 31 8 28 9 26 9 25 2 36 3 32 11 30 7 28 9 No. 1 2x4 910 811 8 3 7 911 310 3 9 6 811 2x 6 15 6 14 1 13 0 12 3 17 8 16 1 14 9 13 5 2x8 20 5 18 6 17 2 16 2 23 4 21 3 19 5 17 9 2x10 26 0 23 8 21 11 20 8 29 10 27 124 10 22 8 2x12 31 8 28 9 26 9 25 2 36 3 32 11 30 2 27 7 No. 2 2x4 9 6 8 7 8 0 7 61010 910 9 2 8 4 2x6 14 11 13 6 12 7 11 10 17 114 10 13 3 12 1 2x8 19 8 17 10 16 7 15 7 22 6 19 7 17 6 15 11 2x10 25 122 9 21 2 19 11 28 8 25 0 22 4 20 4 2x12 30 6 27 8 25 9 24 2 34 11 30 4 27 2 24 9 No. 3 2x4 8977696289776962 2x6 13 111 410 2 9 313 111 410 2 9 3 2x 8 17 4 15 0 13 5 12 3 17 4 15 0 13 5 12 3 2x10 22 119 2 17 115 7 22 119 2 17 115 7 2x12 26 11 23 3 20 10 19 0 26 11 23 3 20 10 19 0 Construction 2x4 9 1 8 3 7 8 7 0 9 10 8 7 7 8 7 0 Standard 2x4 7565595375655953 Utility 2x45347413853474138

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TABLE

3

(Cont'd) FLOOR JOISTS

-

BEDROOMS,

AND

IN ATTICS ACCESSIBLE BY A STAIRWAY (LIVE LOAD 30 lb per sq ft) Gypsum Board or Plastered Ceiling Other Ceilings Nominal Joist spacing Joist spacing Species Grade Size, _inches 12. 16 IN. 20

IN.

24

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12

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IN. FT. IN. FT. IN.

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IN. FT.. IN. Pacific Coast Hemlock Select 2x4 7661064 511 8 7710 7 36 9 Amabilis Fir Structural 2x6 11 10 10 9 9 11 9 4 13 6 12 2 10 11 9 11 Grand Fir 2x8 15 7 14 2 13 2 12 4 17 10 16 114 4 13 1 2x10 19 11 18 1 16 9 15 9 22 9 20 6 18 4 16 9 2x12 24 222 020 5 19 227 8241122 420 4 No. 1 2x4 7661064 511 8 7 7 9611 64 2x6 11 1010 9 911 9 213 011 310 19 2 2x8 15 7 14 2 13 2 12 2 17 2 14 10 13 4 12 2 2x10 19 11 18 116 9 15 6 21 11 19 0 17 0 15 6 2x12 24 2 22 0 20 5 18 10 26 8 23 1 20 8 18 10 No. 2 2x47367615981706359 2x611 510 09 0 8 211 710 09 0 8 2 2x8 15 113 3 11 10 10 10 15 3 13 3 11 10 10 10 2x10 19 2 16 11 15 113 9 19 6 16 11 15 113 9 2x12 23 4 20 7 18 4 16 9 23 9 20 7 18 4 16 9 No. 3 2x4 5105 14 64 1510 5 14 64 1 2x6 8107 76106 3 810 7 7 610 6 3 2x811 710 19 0 8 211 710 19 0 8 2 2x 10 14 10 12 10 11 6 10 6 14 10 12 10 11 6 10 6 2x12 18 115 7 14 0 12 9 18 115 7 14 0 12 9 ____-_____-______________________ Construction 2x4 6 9 5 10 5 3 4 9 6 9 5 10 5 3 4 9 Standard 2x4 5 144311 3 75 144311 3 7 Utility 2x4 3 4211 27 24 34 211 2 7 24

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