Organic on-farm research to explore the impact of diversity on winter wheat

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Submitted on 13 Jul 2020

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Organic on-farm research to explore the impact of

diversity on winter wheat

Antoine Marin, Véronique Chable

To cite this version:

Antoine Marin, Véronique Chable. Organic on-farm research to explore the impact of diversity on

winter wheat. European Conference on Crop Diversification, Sep 2019, Budapest, Hungary.

�hal-02898270�

Organic on-farm research to explore the

impact of diversity on winter wheat

Antoine Marin & Véronique Chable

UMR BAGAP

European Conference on Crop Diversification

September 19-20, 2019

SAFARI, Agro-diversités génétique et spécifique pour la Santé des plantes, la Fertilité des sols, l’Adaptation et la Résilience des systèmes de culture (2013-2017)

ReMIX, The project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agree-ment 727217 (2017-2021)

1

Content

The SAFARI project overview

Experimental Design

Main results

What next in ReMIX?

2

The SAFARI Project overview

Studying and Managing Diversity for:

I

Protein production (legumes)

I

Plant health

I

Grain quality (protein content)

I

Crop stability

Thanks to:

Farmers : André Despinasse, Michel Kervarec, Laurent Marteau, Florent

Mercier, Gilles Simmoneaux, Pierre Tranchant

–

Technicians : Sylvie Nègre,

Benoit Robert, Yannick Autret, Stéphane Texier

–

Trainees : Gildas Baron,

Meven Cabon, Camille Deniveau, Ghislain Ghourbi, Antoine Muniglia, Pierre

Patureau, Christophe Rousseau

–

Other scientists : Paul De la Grandville,

Simon Rousselot, Estelle Serpolay

3

Experimental Design

Where and When?

In France, 5 locations in and around Brittany from 2014 to 2017

4

Experimental Design

How? [1/2]

2 types × 5 modalities × 3 repetitions

In each farm

Landraces

Intercropping

Bladette

Redon roux pâle

Mix

St Priest

1

2

3

Moderns

Intercropping

Pireneo

Renan

Mix

Chevalier

1

2

3

5

Experimental Design

How? [2/2]

On farms

I

Organic agriculture 4/5 farms

I

No inputs before and during the culture

I

The crop is reseeded each year

I

Ploughing

I

Seedling dates around November

I

Seedling rates between 300 and 400 sd./m

2

Statistics

I

R software

I

Simple linear models

I

Levene’s test for the equality of variances

I

Tukey’s HSD test for multiple comparison

6

Experimental Design

What?

Modern varieties

I

Chevalier (au, 2006)

I

Renan (fr, 1990)

I

Pireneo (au, 2004)

Landrace varieties

I

Bladette de Provence

I

Redon Roux Pâle

I

Saint Priest et le Vernoix rouge

Legumes

I

Fababean (Diva [fr, 2001])

I

Clovers

7

Observed parameters

Plants

I

Mycorrhiza (roots)

I

Covers (including wilds)

I

Heights

I

Diseases (leaves)

I

Biomasses

I

Lodging

I

. . .

Soil

I

Micro-organisms (collaboration)

I

Soil tests

Spikes

I

Colour

I

Number of spikelets / spike

I

Number of seeds / spike

I

Awn

I

Spike length

I

Number of sterile spikes

I

. . .

Yield components

I

Grain yields

I

Straw yields

I

Number of spikes / m

I

Number of seeds

I

Thousand Kernel Weight

I

Grain Protein Content

I

. . .

8

How we interpret results?

"Pierre Dragicevic, 2015, HCI Statistics without p-values"

9

Main results

What is already known

I

an overall wheat

grain yield around 3 t/ha (like the French

national mean in OA)

I

the intercropping (overseeded) wheat with legumes decreases

wheat

grain yield from 25%

I

the overall wheat

grain protein content is around 13% (around

11.5% in France, probably more in OA?)

I

intercropping wheat with legumes increases wheat

grain protein

content from 12.5 to 13.5%

I

wheat

lodging was 40% for landraces while around 1% for

modern varieties

10

Main results

New insights [1/2]

I

Wheat landraces

yields are more stable over sites and years

→

Ability to adapt various and changing growing conditions

I

Wheat landraces show

less competition with legumes (less

yield decrease) than modern varieties

→

Ability for intercropping

I

The

total dry matter yields including straws and legumes

reached 11.4 t/ha for landrace and only 9.3 t/ha for modern

varieties

→

Interest for carbon production / fixation, soil improvement, etc.

11

Main results

New insights [2/2]

I

The

grain protein content of landraces was 13.3% whilst it was

only 12.1% for modern varieties

→

Interesting as source of proteins

I

Plant health was better for landrace varieties than for modern

varieties

→

Interest for organic / no inputs agriculture

I

Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi wheat root colonization was 6%

higher for landrace varieties than for modern ones (in ploughing

conditions)

→

Better use of soil nutrients

12

What next in ReMIX?

co-evolution

Question

Is there a co-evolution between the wheat and the fababean?

After 6 years of co-evolution, re-sowing seeds year after

year

I

Cultivate separately wheat and fababean that have grown

together

I

Cultivate together wheat and fababean that have grown

separately

13

Straw yields

Modern and Landrace

14

Straw yields

Building a straw bale house with spelt

Thank

you

for

your

attention