Delaunay Triangulation Based Surface Reconstruction : a short survey
Texte intégral
(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Delaunay Triangulation Based Surface Reconstruction : a short survey Frédéric Cazals — Joachim Giesen — Mariette Yvinec. N° 5394 Novembre 2004. N 0249-6399. ISRN INRIA/RR--5394--FR+ENG. Thème SYM. apport de recherche.
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(87) Ñ :Ñ ¾Î 5ÍÅ¡ÎÅÈ Ä?ÍÐÈHÅ Ë. W. . . . ¼ ¸¹w¿ jlV» £r _?pV 橯ªr³Vj|[wr£_Vq _:¹pV^"pVru_hlj|hlylpVru]¶]=%v]jy EÖ<j|·]__:ylh:~?i~y|±ær£ À'¸¹V º:¸(Vq£[Eh:q£^m¸(_:p=y|h y hl_ ERjl p RZ¬]w ²_mb¥hkv]yk=[FgF_µw_=hlrsߪ^"_?wiq£r³r³j|¬HpVy hß ¹ÂiÃlÇ Ã Ñ iÍË¡Î ß b¶] []_:hkjl_y?ß]=w= ¹quV «F©(_:qsqR ¼ 5b¶ =%¿2w·(rs =¹pj|_rsy|w]¨y Viqs=r£wpVrAy|ßwr³j|»E[wE^ b¶´r³pVjly jlq£_hlvw^¨ylV,ß _cy|]_: p=v]]hkhk[]jly|^mv]_:¡rsj|_:rsy:p=ß ,¸ªE`Fr£qs%]ß]wà ]¶ÈwÎ }mËEÏAÍZÇVÈwvwÎ'nwÇ%r£,È (Z5Íu[wΡ _2nEõÍ q£q Ñ ?Ñ ÏAÍÇÈ Ñ ÈÛÒ 8Ç ÛÂiϲÅà 5Ã Ñ FÍËÎ ß < i=]ß cj?V=w Ñ Ñ ¼ ¹pVr V¿ yl»V_?_?hk_: =æj ¯ª%j|Vrswp=r£,_-q ¹É pVruh|hkp=ww]à %È]j?Î(}c¹_Ãp=^" _jl£ßEy|ru 2´h{j|ylv]jlvwiy|_:h´ßEpV:y j|[w]yl _:_ æir£^m_:]hlrsp=]q,hl[]H_y|_ Ñ Ñ ¼õ¸5}V¿ ·wpVy|E~:ih{j|~:ylylv]ru"jl¸¹r£pVV º:V®q£hc±{i_:]=Öh»V]p< V [wq£r£V^p=yl}crsjl[]rs_?^"hk_:h:,® ¯ª]_quEp=vwyk]j Wig _j|y|yl_:ru ][wV_:y|vw qu[w%j|_=rsßFp=±{¶°n]V±{hlÀ'_:ÊßEhk=vwyl]V _oy|_ ¼õ¸5}yl¿ x8·(yl _ ¸¹Ry|_:º?t<vwquruhhlr³j|V_:]h¤E»]5}cr£]rshl_?rshk=_:[=,j h¯ª±æ _quªvwÇ:EÇ Wg¢Ë n]=HhkÏæ_?ŤáHhkZv]p¨yk=Vw_PE_?y|_:y? p=]hkjly|v]¡j|rsp= Vqs=pVy|r³j|[w^¨h Ñ ¼õ¸([]=V%¿ 2ÁE F¸(o[]ÍÐVÏRrsϲ]Å Ò_Vß] À V=wp=FV_:jlr£pVmV_:pV^"_j|ylru ²n]Vhl_:m]wylp<V ['jlp'hlvwylV_y|_:pV]hkjly|v]jlr£pV,E±æ ¼õ¸5`i¯cV¿ ¯'q£V®pV¸(y|pVrsjl[w[w_:^ æ `Fjl_wr£wÅ _:yÍuΡÂ]¦·¹®Ç¯cÛwÂiϲÀÅáßEVVy|V__:wEgÊ$Zip¨_quwv]H]_:WVg¶y:n] =hk_?ÖhlvwylV_"y|_:pV]hkjly|v]¡j|rsp= Ñ ¼ ¯}V%¿ Z FÇ Âi "Ã¡È w¯ªE_Çg 8Ç] Û`ÛÂiHÏA}cÍÐÈ p<hk©5ÈH^"Ò rR¡8ÈZ5Çrsà =[<jÏAÍpiÇÈpVÁ]Ë_ Í8ÅÈHÀ Ë Å°©5ÍÐ%È
(88) jl_:¹Èy Rjlr£VÍÐÈÛ[<Å j ÅhlávwÍÐÈ yk=ß< _Vy|=_: Fp==] hkjlFßy|%v]¡=j|VpV]y? Ñ Ñ Ñ ¼ ¯}¿ ±æZ 5 "Ãl=Ç:¯ªË _g" %Ï E"ɪ` È]<ÈE}c p=hlÉ ©5^"rAEÁHx8Æ y|p%]WÇWVÎ nwq£_ 8ÇhkvwylHVÂiÏ _yl _?Å p=Ç ]h{£j|ß]ylvE]¡VjlVr£_:pVh5o=´Vy|pV ^iV=wwpVß<ruhkVgmVhlVV]^" wqs_?h ¼ Ô-i_?V¿ ±æ ]cÔ(i _À quhky|n]pVyl]vwp%]Hwß_` y?¹¹`Fv]=hkykv=ß,»]_ ylx®_?Vp= ][h{ß,j|ylvE]¡jlr£b¥pV nF`Fg[]V©yly r£y?ß w_:]irswrsjlmp=y|¬]h:]ßr³Óªj|_ÍËEp=Æ rs<j°Ç hl_j hË rs¶ÈHhl]Ò=_V³Í Ç?Ç?Ò Ñ È ÅΡÏÎËFÃ¡Í ÏRßw]=_:h % F=V]<`iwylr£w=_y ®_:ylquEßFVV ¡ Ñ Ñ ¼ Ô-b¶V¿ ¹%à Ô- i _:£q£ßhlnw?y|vwk ww=_:y$
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