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Mobilizing the Semantic Web with DAML-enabled Web Services

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ABSTRACT

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»¼Š½+ʉȗɊÉB½+¼

ʽ)Á+¾È”¼ŠÉœÅ)Ç7¿½)Áù½+À)ȗÆ

‹€„@z”†7}¡—zj€n)„y…†‰„@¢?)ˆnšoÌ®†“—x’ˆ+„3}….}7‹7}?z~Šz”„2n}“”z

}~k“”€n‚)“—z‰}?z^†~k†ƒ3+‚)“—‹}€?‚^™}7‹x

Input

?†?z~k†”‚+^ˆ+€?‹z‰‚?‹7}†”Œ

…’+‹7}ˆ?zk†7‹z—„2‚+†”‹}?z

Output

?†)z—~Ÿ–Ž“”€?‚+)}‹7}€?‚+zH€?‚H~œ‹†”‹z”šÜ€?„

z)†….ˆ?z.}ƒ‹x?zo?~Šz„€?„2+z„ ~†’|+€?€?¢+–y‹xnzo„ z~Šˆ+€?‚+~Ÿzo™}7E|)z.)}ƒ ƒ3z„3z‚)‹

)zˆ+z‚?)}7‚+‘.)ˆ+€?‚o™x)z‹x?z„y‹x+z|)€?€n¢o}~b}‚’~Š‹€?“”¢+–€n)‹¨€?ƒy~Š‹€?“”¢+–€?„<€?+‹

€?ƒˆ+„2}‚+‹š Í €?….ˆ+z”H~Šz—„2?}“”z~B†„3z“”€n‚)“—z‰}?zH†~B†“—€?…’ˆ#€?~Š}‹}€?‚H€?ƒ

ƒ3)‚+“”‹}€?‚+~kí2~Ÿz„2n}“”z~Šîo™x+€?~Šz€n)‹7ˆ+)‹…’†Œ˜„2zÐ)+}7„2z˜†”‚^z+“”x+†‰‚+‘?z˜€?ƒ

}‚+ƒ3€?„2….†‰‹}€?‚º|?z‹™z”z‚r‹x)zm†‘?z‚+‹†”‚+}7‚++}?}?)†—~Šz”„@?}“”z~œšâ܀?„

z)†….ˆ?z—–b†“—€?…’ˆ+z˜~Šz”„2n}“”z؋x?†‹b|+€?€?¢+~B†Øƒ }‘?x+‹ƒ3€?„’†k+~Šz”„.…’†Œ

}‚+?€??z^ƒ3}„@~Š‹oƒ }7‚+?}‚)‘aƒ3}‘?x)‹~‹xn†‰‹o…z‰z‹.‹x?z•?~Šz„3›2~„2z—Ð)+z”~Š‹7–‹x)z‚

~Š)~Šˆnz‰‚+?}‚)‘g)‚+‹7}&‹x+zm?~Šz—„~Šz—z“”‹7~•€?‚)zžƒ }‘?x+‹–o‹€“€?….ˆ)z‹za‹x+z

~Šz„2?}“—zš Í €?…’ˆ+z.~Ÿz„2n}“”z~†—„2z“”€?….ˆ)€n~Šz‰.€+ƒ®ˆ+„2}…’}‹7}?z€?„y“€?….ˆ)z

~Šz„2?}“—z~r)~œ}‚+‘Ë‹Œˆ)}“”†aˆ?„2€?‘?„@†‰….….}‚+‘ˁ†‰‚+‘?+†‘?z~r†‰‚+Ë|++~Ÿ}‚?z~Š~

ˆ)„@€?“”z~Š~]…’€n)z}7‚+‘¬†‚+‘?+†‰‘nz˓—€?‚)~Š‹„2+“”‹~]~œ)“—xÆ~

Sequence, Iteration,

-the-Else

– ' š&wyx?}~•…’†—„2¢)+ˆ

ˆ)„@€??}+z~k?z“”†„3†‹7}?z˜¤bר ~:ƒ@€?„o}‚+?}n}+)†—{Hz|^~œz‰„@?}“”z~&‹x?†‹†„2z

‚)z“—z‰~Š~œ†„2Œkƒ2€?„†+‹€?….†‹}“B{Hz|~Šz„2n}“”zkz+z‰“—?‹}€?‚+šr ‹b†+)}7‹}€?‚+†”Œ

ˆ)„@€??}+z~5†ˆ?„@€?“”z~Š~+†”‹†ƒ3€n™ ….€?+zƒ3€?„y“—€?…’ˆ+z.~Ÿz„2n}“”z~œšo ‚.€?„2+z‰„

ƒ3€?„H†‚†‘?z‚)‹Ø‹€r„2z~Šˆ+€?‚)º†?‹€?….†‹}“”†”Œg‹€r†r“—€)….ˆ)z‰º~Šz”„2n}“”z

z)z“”+‹7}€n‚)–<}7š7z”š–5‹€k†‰n‹€?….†‹}“—†”ŒB}‚)‹z”„2€nˆ)z„3†‹7zB™}7‹xk‹x+†”‹~œz„2?}“—z–y}‹

™}7„2zÐ?+}7„2zg~Š€?….z€?ƒH‹x)zg}‚+ƒ3€?„2….†‹7}€?‚ºz‰‚+“”€n)zƒ@€?„H†‰+‹€n…’†‹}“

“”€+…’ˆ+€?~Š}‹}€n‚†‚)}7‚+‹z—„2€?ˆ+z„ †‹7}€?‚)š

wyx+zƒ3)‚+“”‹7}€?‚o….z‰‹†”ˆ+x)€n„5?~Šz.ƒ3€?„5†+‹€?….†‹7}“{Hz|o~Ÿz„2n}“”zz+z‰“—)‹7}€?‚

….†‰„@¢)+ˆ^ˆ+„2€??})z~k}‚+ƒ3€?„2….†‹}€n‚ †|+€?+‹)†‹7†Hƒ3€n™j–|)+‹}‹.+€?z”~‚+€?‹

ˆ+„2€??})z}7‚+ƒ3€?„2….†‹}€n‚’†|+€?)‹

what

‹x+z{Hz|’~Šz—„2?}“—z†“”‹)†—7Œ+€?z~Šš ‚

€?„2+z„Ë‹€Ô†+‹€?….†‹7zÓ~Šz”„@?}“—zӓ”€+…’ˆ+€?~Š}‹}€n‚«†‰‚+­}‚«€?„2+z„˃3€?„

~Šz„2?}“”z~Yë솑?z‚?‹~Ž‹€.}‚+‹7z‰„@€?ˆ)z—„2†‹7z–™z….)~œ‹¨†‰7~Š€.z‚)“—€?+z‹x+zzƒ3ƒ z“—‹~b†

~Šz„2?}“”zox+†‰~)ˆ+€?‚k‹x?zo™€?„@+š^܀n„bz)†….ˆ)7z–y™x?z‚k†ox+)….†‚:|+z”}‚)‘

‘?€?z~­‹€

www.amazon.com

†‰‚+ò~Š+“”“—z‰~Š~Šƒ3+ŒPz)z“—)‹7z~Ӌx)z

BuyBook

~œz„2?}“”z–¨‹x?zox+)…†‰‚k¢?‚+€?™~‹x?†‹y‹x?zŒox+†?zoˆ)+„2“—x)†~œz‰k†

|+€?€?¢+–j‹x)†‹‹x+z”}7„o“—„2z?}‹“”†„3^™}7|nz+z”|+}7‹z?–†‚?^‹x?†‹‹x?zŒ˜™j}

„2z“”z}?z’†.|+€?€?¢B†‹¨‹x+z†+?„2z~Ÿ~‹7x+zŒ’ˆ+„2€+?}+z?šà)“—xB“—€?‚)~ŠzÐ+)z‚+“”z~

€?ƒ{Hz|B~Šz„2n}“”z.z)z“—)‹7}€?‚B†„2z.‚)€n‹yˆ)†—„2‹y€?ƒ<‹x+z.…’†„3¢)+ˆ?–¨‚+€?„ˆ)†„3‹y€?ƒ

‹x+zæƒ n‚)“—‹}€n‚

-

|+†‰~Šz—ÿ~œˆ)z“—}ƒ3}“—†‰‹7}€?‚ÿˆ+„2€?n}+z‰ ƒ3€?„䆝+‹€?….†‹7}“

z)z“—)‹7}€?‚)š] ‚H€?„2+z‰„.‹€˜†)‹€?….†‰‹z{Hz|~Šz—„2?}“”z“—€)….ˆ)€n~Š}‹}€?‚H†‚)

}‚+‹7z„2€?ˆ+z”„2†—‹}€?‚)–€?„Bz?z‚^‹€^~Šz—z“”‹.†”‚a}‚n)}?}?+†”.~Šz”„@?}“—zH‹€^….zz‹

~Š€?….zk€?|hìz“”‹}?z–ˆ)„@z”„2z—Ð)+}7~Š}7‹z—~o†‰‚+˜“”€?‚+~ŠzÐ)+z”‚+“”z~o€?ƒ{Hz|˜~Šz„2?}“—z

z)z“—)‹7}€?‚’….+~Ÿ‹#|+zbz‚+“”€?+z’ƒ3€?„y“—€?….ˆ)+‹z—„®+~Šz”š

§)„£¤b¥˜¦^….†„2¢+)ˆ€nƒb{Hz|~Šz”„@?}“—z‰~.ƒ3€?„†?‹€?….†‹}“o“”€?….ˆ)€n~Š}‹}€?‚

†‚).}‚+‹7z„2€?ˆ+z”„2†|?}7}7‹Œ}~b|+)}7‹+ˆ)€n‚o†‰‚º¤b 

-

|)†~Šz ÅnʉÇ7¿½)ÁºùȔÇ7Ŕ» ?+½?¼

š

{Hz“—€?‚#“”z}?zz†“”xª{Hz|ª~Šz„2n}“”zº†”~g†‚

Action –

z}7‹xnz‰„a†

PrimitiveAction

–º€?„ˆ

ComplexAction

š ׄ2}…}‹7}?z

~Šz„2?}“”z~†„3zB“”€n‚)“—z‰}?z†~ˆ+„ }…’}7‹}?zo†“—‹}€n‚)~œ–5“—€?….ˆ)z‰k~Šz„2?}“”z~†~

“”€+….ˆ)z‰.†“”‹7}€?‚)~Šš.ׄ3}…’}7‹}?z†“”‹7}€?‚)~†—„2zb}‚‹+„3‚’“—€?‚+“”z}?z.†~z”}‹7x+z„

world-

†7‹z„3}‚+‘o†“”‹}€?‚+~j‹7x+†”‹E“”x+†‰‚+‘?z.‹x+z’~œ‹†—‹z.€?ƒ<‹x+z’™€?„2?–¨~Š)“—xB†~

+z‰|+}7‹7}‚+‘H‹x+z˜?~Šz„ ›@~:“—„2z”+}7‹“—†‰„@?–|)€?€n¢)}‚)‘H‹x)z˜)~Šz—„o†‹7}“”¢+z‹7–jz—‹“—š7Ä

information-gathe

„@}7‚)‘m†“—‹}€n‚)~H‹7x+†”‹&“”x+†‰‚+‘?za‹xnz †‘?z‚+‹7›2~˜~Š‹7†‰‹7za€?ƒ

¢+‚)€?™z‰+‘?z–+~Š€‹x?†‹#†ƒ3‹7z„®z+z“”?‹}€?‚.€?ƒ¨‹x?z†“”‹7}€?‚.‹7x)zŽ†‰‘nz‰‚+‹#¢+‚)€?™~†

ˆ+}z“”zŽ€?ƒ¨}‚+ƒ €n„2…’†‹}€?‚+Ē€n„®~Š€n…’z“”€n…’|+}‚+†‹7}€?‚.€?ƒ¨‹x+z‹™€?š

¤b‚k†+?†‚)‹†‰‘nzo€?ƒbz+ˆ)€?}‹7}‚)‘&†‰‚k†“”‹}€?‚k….z‹7†‰ˆ+x+€?„b‹€B+z‰~Š“—„3}|+zo{Hz‰|

~Šz„2?}“”z~b}7~‹7x+†”‹y}7‹¨z‚)†—|)z”~?~Ž‹€o|+„ }‚)‘o‹€o|)z†—„5‹x)zn†‰~Š‹¨¤ y„2z~Šz†”„@“”x

€?‚k„2z†~Š€?‚+}‚+‘B†|)€n)‹<†“”‹}€?‚+–y‹€&~Š)ˆ+ˆ)€n„ ‹<†)‹€?….†‰‹7zk„2z—†‰~Š€n‚)}7‚+‘B‹†‰~Š¢+~

~Š+“”x†~.{Hz‰|Ø~Šz‰„@?}“—zB“”€n…’ˆ+€?~Š}‹}€?‚+šmڀ?™z?z„2–<}‚+z?z€?ˆ+}7‚)‘k€?+„

….†‰„@¢)+ˆ™zB“—x)€?€n~ŠzB‹€k„2z….†}‚†‘?‚+€?~Š‹}“o™}‹x؄ z~Šˆ?z“—‹‹€k†‚†“”‹}€?‚

„2zˆ?„2z~œz‚?‹†—‹}€n‚ ƒ3€?„@…’†7}~Š…š  ‚Ù‹x?z¬¤ “€?….…’+‚+}‹Œ–m‹x)z—„2z‡}~

™}+z”~Šˆ+„3z‰†ªn}~œ†‰‘n„2zz‰….z‚?‹H€??z„a‹x+z|+z”~Š‹H†“—‹7}€?‚ª„@z‰ˆ+„3z~Ÿz‚+‹7†‰‹7}€?‚

ƒ3€?„2….†}~Š…š:¤Ž~b†“€?‚+~ŠzÐ)+z‚)“—z”–)}ƒ ƒ3z„3z‚)‹†‰‘nz‰‚+‹7~b+~Šz?z„2Œ)}ƒ ƒ3z„2z‚+‹

}‚+‹7z„3‚)†„3zˆ+„ z~Šz—‚)‹7†‹7}€n‚)~ ƒ €n„Ë„2z—†~Š€?‚)}‚)‘­†”|+€?+‹–r†‚+Ôˆ+7†‚)‚?}‚)‘

~ŠzÐ)nz‰‚+“”z~k€?ƒ.†“”‹}€?‚+~ŠšËwyxnzˆ+7†‚)‚?}‚)‘H“—€?…o….)‚+}‹Œx+†~:†+?„2z~œ~Šz‰

‹x+}7~b†“”¢o€?ƒ<“”€?‚+~Šz‚)~Š+~b|+Œ+z?z€?ˆ+}‚+‘’†~Šˆ)z“”}ƒ3}“”†‹}€?‚o†‰‚+‘?+†‘?zƒ3€?„

+z‰~Š“—„2}7|+}7‚)‘©ˆ)†‰‚n‚)}‚)‘©)€?….†}‚?~

×#†‚ñ£€?….†}‚ó£bz~Š“—„2}7ˆ)‹7}€?‚

¦¨†‚)‘?+†‘?zoí2×£j£¦¨î.Ý+ß3š^{Hzo†)€nˆ)‹y‹x?}~†”‚+‘?)†‘?zox+z„3z‰–¨~Šˆ?z“—}ƒ2Œ}‚+‘

z†“”x €?ƒÙ€?)„ {Hz‰| ~Šz”„@?}“—z‰~­}‚ ‹z”„@…’~«€?ƒÙ×£j£¦

-

}‚+~Šˆ)}7„@z‰

Parameters

–

Preconditions

†‚)

Effects

š˜wyx+z 0$$+

†‚)

+$$+

‚nz‰“—z~Š~Ÿ†„2Œ•ƒ2€?„k†)‹€?…’†‹7}“H{Hz‰|ž~Ÿz„2?}“”zHz+z‰“—)‹7}€?‚

†~Š€­ˆ?†ŒÓ‹x)zل2€nzӀ?ƒ

KnowledgePreconditions

†‚)

KnowledgeEffects

ƒ3€?„Ù‹7x)z©ˆ?+„2ˆ)€n~Šz”~­€?ƒÃ{Hz|ò~Šz—„2?}“—z

“”€+….ˆ)€?~Š}‹}€?‚†‚?}‚?‹z—„2€?ˆ+z‰„3†‹7}€n‚)šm{Hzo†~Š~œ)….z–y†~}‚k‹x?zBˆ+7†‚)‚?}‚)‘

“”€+….…’+‚)}‹Œ–‹x)†—‹’?~Šz—„2~™Ž}7.“”€?….ˆ)}z˜‹7x)}7~ؑ?z‚)z—„2†”.„3z‰ˆ+„3z~Ÿz‚+‹7†‰‹7}€?‚

}‚+‹€•†”‚a†“”‹7}€?‚aƒ €n„2…’†}7~Š… ‹x?†‹|+z”~Š‹~Š?}‹7~k‹x+z”}„o„3z†~Š€?‚+}7‚)‘•‚)zz?~Šš

wy„2†‚?~Š7†‹€?„2~†”„ z†+Œ’z+}~œ‹yƒ3„2€?…×££¦‹€B†.?†„2}z‹Œo€?ƒ)}ƒ3ƒ z„2z‚+‹y¤ 

†“”‹}€?‚.ƒ3€?„2….†‰7}~Š…’~œš

ComplexActions

–y7}¢?zo“”€?….ˆ+zk~Ÿz„2?}“”z~œ–y†”„2zo“—€?….ˆ)€?~Š}‹7}€?‚+~€?ƒ

}‚+?}?}+)†—Ã~Šz—„2?}“—z~Š–¬x)€?™z?z„­)z—ˆ)z‚+?z‚)“—}z”~©|?z‹™Žz‰z‚ ‹x?z~Šz

“”€+….ˆ)€?~Š}‹}€?‚)~a†—„2z€nƒ ‹z‚ˆ?„2z—)}“”†‹7z€?‚º‹x?zg~œ‹†”‹z€nƒ‹x)zg™€?„2

í2ˆ+„3z‰“—€?‚+)}‹7}€?‚+~†‚+az‰ƒ3ƒ3z“”‹~ŠîB„2†—‹x?z„B‹x?†‚m€?‚m+†”‹†Hí3‹x+zH}‚+ˆ?)‹.†‚)

€?+‹ˆ+)‹€?ƒ~Šz‰„@?}“—z‰~Šî.†”~&}7~B‹x)z“—†~Ÿz™}7‹xH‹x?zz?z“—)‹}

on-

…’€?‹}?†‹z‰

….†‰„@¢)+ˆ?š

'!"

*

+'0

†„3z “”€?….ˆ)€n~Šz‰ €?ƒ

PrimitiveActions

€?„¬€n‹x+z‰„

ComplexActions

+~Ÿ}‚)‘

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