TOTAL OF 10 PAGES ONLY

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TOTAL OF 10 PAGES ONLY

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.Spencer,'~ 945 :'444'- 4?7L

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cu~~~~ra1.':.~g10~n,(1 9 2 5 :'19~,~)).,.a.n.~,,:,f.~()mr~.~nCh...~.n~'Germ~n

·g~ographer sand Am,ericananthropologist,swho,had,heavily

·

~,~f·l~nc.e·d :.S.~~~''r' 5 _:.:_~.~~::W:~k:,.: t~~s~::·, ~.ici~~~i:, ~ut,~o~:g ^{- .,. '. ,' .}

,~ttel\1P:~~..co ~emonstr,<l:t'€t:.~e~i9~.ifi cance o~,the-h01;1se:a 5.~ di~9~ost~c^..:c.tite~~bn,^{,f o r} ~e~in~a~tn'g^.."i::ui.tu~Ograp~ic~j.

r~gions";' _A~..i~'~~'st"'s e m'i n a'lwo rk , there'wa s tittlegeneral

a:~ie~m~'~t-on ¥pr~~ch. ~~ :

^ari

attem~~ .,'~~~tab'i'ish 'cultur~l , ","

::.

g~ograp~~'

^{"a s.}

a rrio~e:~'e:a~~ ~c1ence'''' S~Ofi~id: ,:pr~Pds~~'

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ap;~ro~:h.1;0.the ~tU,d_Yof"ho us etyp~S!~,~dO~~,u~.',~o t~e,!'l1t~~~-,:

0:,

bi?lO'9i.s;.tss~udYin~plants.an;ran~.mal s,~l1rou?,h-:-:~" J. . (i'j~e.stali'iishi,nga'typ'~i.ogyofneesesbaseden forma~d

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dEl1inea ting stages'iJ1"ih~ir, '.,:"evoiuti. ' " on '(i il'mappi'.' ng:'tlj,?vs ~.

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K~iffen"

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inhe~ent.in any.a tte~P t,~ouse a,~~~10g i c.al'analogy\i"n..the

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finds.t h e,tailoLa',l io n,gra ,ft€7d'to,~he.bOd Y,o f.

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similarto that.employedby anthropoloqistssue.h.as'lr oeb e-r

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a'pa:rt ~cularstyle'dur'lng'any-"g i ve n'period.·'..Fo r example:,,

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:7:~~.~hdi~giC~1:~r~'~qe" ~~Z:";~e:a6~' ~~'~.~.~-{y~~,:,'_~nd

.''Ar'chivaJ,·'s o'u r c"e sen~rc.~ite·~tq'i~:··,f~r':-~N~~~6u~,d.ia~d

ar~: :~par~~

^{'and','t o}

reconst i u'ct '~~,/,'~vo~uti~n:(bf_:~6USin9 ^.

:·~:~;_~·e·F'.: ;n.~~ ;'a~_~~ '6ri'~_:: . . mu~t-:r~~Y)~: f~~i'~', )~q,~i~y : ~'·.:o~al

^J"

t~.adit.io,n:'.:.~~PP1;i.es: ~ome, r~~i~l~.:.,d~.~~';:·.'~'\lt ,~<>lk :~:e~o~/" :'

.' --: ~.a~·::~~.,e~~en~~:.P;~~t;,:f~~u~I·:J~:~.~~~.~.~~;s:' ,a~d~:,~~7?~ i~~" q~.~:t ^.. n~ : : :' " . ; '

:

.~ ~.~:j.e,9\~S

^:

~o~~:~~~" ,~~

^..

::~: ~~?~ .: :~an 'fa.~~::

^,.,..

,~:t. w~,~. ~i~~.i:~,~~~.:.~,~

obtain..anrdet.aLfed-.:desc.t;:ip.tio~'o ~:hc;)\~ se sbuift.·be f or a.t,he

. ~:l::::h c :::::::: L :":t:.:: t:a:::::,: } ::::u:: ::::: .:

a':~~·i;~ive.iy'~~rt"life":spa~'"

and ' ,'i .t:, is'

.r:a'i-Ei:~o.fi~dh~uses.

·. . . . ."15

'BjI~~~tttq~?:ii~~'/

_....pve.r

_{.-?~ ~, lnfo~a~ts :w17.re .} ~.n~er+~;~"ed .·~~:;·all

^.•

-,~~ :::

.> br~~~.~y .:~o~~~r'll 'o~e; a~ ~xtend~i, pe;i~: .;;f".i.i~·

^•.

: ~nd

^{.' :...;.'}

.. :....:~CQ~plete-inf~~a:ti()n'9:"t:here{~ri';i~8··~OUll~!·.::·-inl~ia.lly'a.,

·

.

· ~L

" I.·..

.. , ;

~

~

.

^..,;

~P':''':;''..!';-, · ~

,. ^..

^'

"-_.....~..<.~.

-.

^{; \}

" ~~ ~"

^{.. CHAPTERII.}

:-',:;>':'~~ .'~~~:;' : ..:' ..

.".~HE^..~~I-\i^AND':

Ecooo,ti G

~CKG~ND'

TO

: '1.

> 1 ' ::c:o::~~::;:,:n:~:::::t·a~~::::~e::~ :::.:o::~g:'::i~e.~: :

.

p rov idi,ngb a.si c:~.h~lter,..t.h~?-well~n9,,:".~OUS~refl ~:t;J:~oth:..

:. 1

... . . . . ~:~:::~:;: I::r.~:t~::::h::~:,~:::.::::~:::::~:::::::~t:~'.· '. . ::, ^{,\ 1}

.:

'T~~' ,c9i.:respi:m~in9·":a~~~i.teCt:~ra:1. t~~~i.tJon~ ·4re .b~s-t''':' I'·~· s: ') "':, !';: , , ':1

..consrd.ere·d~in·th econt~~t'~f th~'ethni c and eco~o~i~ hist~rY "

~~

^...

~~~ . ~e9iOn. ··T~~nitY B'~y' ~~~

^.

~~;ti~d .~y' -w~s·t· CO,~~·~/iy

^{. ;}

~

^.".'

:~::'.:~~~~t!:'~::~g~:~;t;;:::: 'l:~::e;~:~}:::~e . : . '

wa s'oDly'a trickleofilflni 'gr a nt sinto theBay: xcreov e x, the .

".". .".

. ...

,

. .. . ..

^'.'

,

,".~.. .;. ,.~ .

" :::d::.:~7:::::.:n.f:::~:::t:t:!1: ~:i::r:n::· ::r;nr::::::,ry . :

in,'1675,·,empl~Yi·r;~1172"se'rv~~ts~.l^.unlike Etiro~,elln'immig·rant~

. , ', .' : ' i~ ',?~hez:' pa,~~S>~f ~:orth' Ame·r:fca., ~h·~ .~ad:.:s.e~~·r~d :t:J:.~i~ '''t~e·s::

^{' .,"}

.'\".

. .. ':, . :.:

':1 ,:.'.:".' ' .,. ' ''. ': :..' ,.... ::.: .

". ., Manuscr ipt, p,,·l! st'o.f·thePlant e rs·;'Na nles· ·e t c.· ·

.:'. [in.'Ne w,foundla nd].1675.. J',,B,er.ry:,.C~nter:fClr New f oundla nd .

.,St~d·l~s;,,!~o.~~a~ Univers ~ty.?~Ne~f.O~dlll':"~ ,·. . . .

J. .. . . , : . .: . " j

"•..~.

J'"

<'~

.'

' . " i

'<-.~•••-

life.for iliemselves:'i n

the

colo~'ies ,thee~rlyN~~foundia:ri'd_

~~an~~rs, ^..

^{we r e,}

.ari.· ·irite?r~l' ~~rt'~C)~·. a·.;~i~rat~~y we;~:: c.~unt~

.

. . :~::i::a::t::~:::::un:::~t:V:::::,:~r::\:::::e::::!::~d~ ...

,Th e r.ernai9ingiIlUl\i~ran~s'.and / o r th a i.r.descendants,'chos.e.s~c~

>s~t~~ "a;' ~'taH:,a:~ :,.ol~ ' Bona-~en~u.re , ,· I.~eiands 'Eye ,: : Old" :pe~iica:n'/

.Ha~:tl,s " H~~~U~' ·N.e~ ^.. perli'~~,., ~nd,·.He.a:~.t;',~ c~n.~.en~,

be c e ua e .of. "

:·'the i.r,~roximi ty,.tothe.P r.Od u c t l.v e,dSh in~'9r.ou~ds ",a.t.,th~'mcue.h

.. . . . ::, t::r:::)~;:~ou,~~e:F:~::c::: .:~~:::::::::: ,~:;: . _::'i:~; . . .

,.Sl'~UsE:.~t.~~r:.~~~·larg~'~~.~r:.~f t..~~~s~~.t ,.~i ng le~.~~u~t~~les.,

~~r ~~~?~~·;.-~a~.~.~_~.r.:.·r~p~~~~~, ' o~iy ''i,2~·:.~Q~a~~" .s,~·r.~a~?;a~ ''-

.'.Trin~.ty'iri .1764.compa redto.13LS m~nsexve nes..(Head.;;.1971:::

,

26~)'

^{-;.By.i 77S·!:t"he}

·.s~~'~i·'wi~t.~~ poPui~t·.ion,"n~ei~d·

^just',

. ", " , " '.<' . < ....

:2..'. ':: , ,..'.<•.':.', .'":", '.''-'.', ,':,

.ove~.2.o~ 'famil~e6",a~dth.i ; n:mw~,~,ha~.~ncre,asedto~nly,350

f~ilies

^{·b y}

1~01.

^3•.

'Howe~~r'" :ir~Ua:l~Y,

^·a·ll.·.

~'f :t~e,~o~teIDPoi::arY

~'aml~~~ , ~~

^'the

~u~~i::~ ~:<J.; ai:~?' ~~r~ ·:~s.t~~~.i~tV~d b'y '~8??·

, , .':.:,_

:~:The .b~S~·C :lrs:earih: ~n, the

^{.ol d,}

~~.l~ :~a~~.al,lI\d.

"'. '.': '"

....:-.the..

e~rly

'English set tle'r's

·~i~

Ne wfo un d la nd'

ilas '

bl. relY

"be9U~

^•

. .~:--' ,..:'. }-

I~ ;;OU;~ ~p"e!r;hO:.V.; ; t~~tthl lar~e-n_erOf ,~,~i~rA~: ,

who

arr~ved

_. 1n"Tr l.nlt y_I 'Bay_" afterlBOO,_{~ '}came ftoma' , :_{' .}...'

.:~.:l

_{. '", ';}

restn.cted source

akea

^{10 t}h e South-Wes t ofEngland{HanrJ.ccc k). .

'. -'" -.- - :

:

^{..". -.' .'. " :,}~

p~~.~~~r. ^..~ny,'ret\1r~(!d^t:ome-eeveeeL..time~.befo~e.fina:l:).~. maki,nga':cotnmitIDent--t~- "sett1e'~e rmanently. -i~.t:he'

Bi

y,"'-Both

..." -'_' ,' ~ """..''... '~::- "'" -.,': , " '-.'I'"'!' ,". ",'" _', nevcn-ena - Dorset.w~re,p~edominantly:~griculturalbu t,'mo s t:of

~:h~ -l~n~: w~s ,-h~ld:.i·n 'l~rqe ~:~f~'~es', a~d: i~~~~ :~'~" ,t'~~;~tS:'::~hO " ,

·rei~.~~· o~.'a,j~i6uitur~1..·~~b~~~~;S . :T~e'

con.ditions.of

.ti\e9'~ ' · ' ·

la;bou r e r s .hedde:~ei;iora:teAst'7~dily··:fi:-.bin:':tlJ.ernid-dg.li..tee ntJ;i. .

cen~ury, !

^{.NeW-'fa.'nning}

' tec~rio'lOgy:'

^{'a n¢!',}

'a·:'g~n~'ral pb~"Ui~t.i:~~~·· : "

-I'

ta ii~r ,

,

" c",' " , ., ' ,/ , ,', , t. " '

a,.hoSt'o f.othe rcrafts.', ',.rnNewf ou ndl and thos e.tra fnedas

.. :";:'~~ ';~~~~~~;~~~$~~; ;:,;

of...Tri:it~.,~a:,''~~~,~oc,al,p~.i~,t'.o~'.~1~^.':e~r~om.i,~'~~ti~~,'~Y ^{" .:}~ .within.,t he.nay.. ~ryeb~si,ness,fi~sa,t,T.ri n i;tywe.re,ma,in~y' .."

- : ·br~~~h .:'O~'~,~~>~~:· ~'; ,~~~S\:~.OU~~~.~ ~:~~;:m~ ;,.~.~:~,: o/n~l~~~,~ m~;i~:tlry ':

'."labou~e:t::s:,to,pros ecute'th,es~e;rc~"fIahexy.. :r:Mya.l.8~,

suppliedth,e ;small'numbe'r'of permanent.s'ett le rswith',ba's'i c'

:pr;~i~i~~s. fO~;'~h~ ::~~~:, ~isher~: in: ·r~'~.ur~·"~fb~",'~~~ir '

^fail"':.

;

pro'~~~t'i6~':"6~

., ',," ,,'

: f~Sh''~~~d

" .'

o'~i~:" ;:'Fl~'~~rmen we~e'

, ' " ; " ''', ,

'

.',

Of~'~~': ..

^'

{n:"'d~bt',;" ':'·

pa,rticuiaz:iy,wh~nfi:s h'ca t c he·s."w.e re'lowarid~·ere",·wagHt t;.l e

., . . . · :p::~::;· ;: .• ;~r:::::O:~ri::t:::~:n:::Om::;:~C.: . • _·"d~ ^{. . • • . ... .}

. ~nen ." ':~~'~:r~ionall~. Newfoundlandfi~~e'rm~ n h~~~1

^been.U."n,a e:r,;,.: . :.

. ::::::::1e::\:r::e~r;:·:~:m::~;:;:r~n; .:::1::::::n:~ .:

~:'n .tt+ . • _{~ .!~~J:: . £::} .I:;:.:E:.::}; .:!~~:.: .:::~ . f~:: .:: . ~l.;

aupe'rvLae

,~ r:;·::' s~.QPerati'On.- ,., ~n

^{'180.4 ,-,}

a:br~ch

^,or.,tho'

0 .' . • . the;~~~~:~j~~~~dR;:~1i~;;i~ji. D~~;~:~~fj: ;"'.tt~r .~o~,

>' .

^{036,5D?rSe ~RecordOffice,}· ,I):or~hest~r.DAary.of

'B~n.j~f~.,·~es~er" .FZ'.-.17~9-64.· , .

!.."- ": '

':': / ;:-.'"

. .. '~:;~t:::~:: ,:':::'tti:::~:t:::S~:5~:t::o:::~::':h' ^.

,", ~~r'~~.~'il~:,~.~.~~.us:;v~>.: , ~-dfj~f;',_~:~~~~:. ~~,~~~~:~.~·t.i?~':,;.~~~~ \~.~

^{:: ..}

ver y.incep t ~onqf:'se t t :J,ement,.andwinte r·'~oggingoft enserve d".

a~! .~ '~·us~f~1.:-i~"tr~~4~6t.i~~' :~~.·::the: ~~~'hn~q~e _ - O f: '~~:rki'~~ ~i~h ';" .

,~o.o~~. _ : B~.;i.~,~~ . . : .f.~r/,.~~p~:·~~n:~.t:~~~~~6r.·~ ^:.'. ~:i~~~:.W~~:,' ~i.~~:l~.·':~·~.e.~ ",·

^.

'f o r othe.r',purpo~_e,~_: , 'l'he',~xport:of:'bl?ths.alm~nand.s~a l-.a~_i:l

:'cod':~iJ.'_"r~qiii':;ed'tj1'~us~nd~"of',b~~e' ;~asks'ari~~a n~,·./-. '_i~:

. wa' s .," comm?~"' ~~"c·~:L~e:.~o. ,~~:P'1'Oy:' a:" _~~ei

^..

~~: ·ci;;~~·~s .:.'i'n. ~~~~'·:rif.\h~··· .'

fi~,,"~: ~i:shi~'g .~~'~~s:' tb:: m~k~:'~h~~~, ~'a'~k~'

^,'from

^{, .fi r} ·:B~a~e'~':,·~u~

^'..:

~~c;~i~~,.:~~~,:i~;.;·~~.e .'~'i(~·~:~,~>~6n~~,S': ^:'" W~~.~ '. :wa~

^..,

'a\.~.~.:: ~~q~i'.~.~~,}:~': .~' ^'..

.e~ec~^:.,and.,.riicdtlta,ir1.'th~.fi~'S^','b~Si,ni!SS^,:'P~~:is.~.a,,:~nd,.,~~~:~ak.i~9

·,:~~~.~~ I .:.~;; :.J~r,~~~~d.; :a~~.,~o<~·o ~~.~~,~g.~ ':~.S~~·>~,., s·e.~.~re,·:.r~ '~~~r'1~,:'~':

•·.•. ::m::;t::::~,;:~b:h~::~rv;::~:·::":;~i~;:~::: ..• :~:ring

~p:~ati~~ cO~,c~nur:ted i~.,.~he^..~n:ner.b a~^..:.~J;~~"^__':'," T.~.is· 'l~ging^...

':

o~~,~aJi'o~, of~~jed ·'~o':C~~fl~~~, ~~~~' th~ ~~~ r:'

^cod

~i'she'~y :a~d' .

t~ ~~:.:~j~~f7 ='::· :~::::'.:J~Z

'"insmalle:.::_~

-uniti

.suc h~s':lant· s.'Harbouror Nelol..: /;

A

^erhco!;n.8

^Ot~ers

^0,

^~ted ~ndepe~ndentlY: movi~q t~

^various'

.1. rue of,theBat in telatefal ltocut firewOOd,"lmd

><'", ...

.<.••.••

, .og5whi c h'wo ul d later

IJ~' use~

^fo'r

b~~t"·

^{bui 1ding.house}

I ~o.;tru<tl0n

,'",. .- ." '^"or..

gener"

... i_.

.m~,ntenance.

' . .^{. .}

··Involve;ne ~t'.:in·the_l099 i'ngindus't ry,',whe t her,by'

pri~~.te··.~~~~'~~,dU~l~,· ~r':~Y" :~:~~~'At~~e .~.i:~!\~ -~'~_c~~'~¥t'a~~d .. ~.:

;sea!3.o~a~ r.o~v~tue.nt/Of· ~OPl~ fr~

^Jhe

~~an,ent .sett'leme~~~ :: .'

:

_":.

.§~~~j¥r~]~~~~·~~l

_:llnd~

_{': . ~.· , a.-re}

_some:

_.obliged

_{to 9re at}^tod

_90'

istances

_~

^{;o ne}oft

_·wai·s~

.to build: huts

·.another~·'

". ^::\... .

~

...

~j "

.'. ~.·/~~~M~;S~~!}r;~~;W~~:i;:~~l.~~~~U~~S~h~~W~~~_. . ~ " , ~~ ^.;1

-".:·-f or subsiljt;ence.cn ven-ison Huntingandfor, .-".-; _' ;;_~ :. .'i

:_.ge,tti ng,fh ewood.,an d building-b o a t ll",!,ith.the,i r <'.1:_.;~ ^_ '~

. . .. _?~~; ~'--':-';"""""-'-""''':'';';''-~--'-~'''-:--'---'-''-'-,-'---'--'-'-'-,-'-'.-7- ~~~:;'~.+~@#t;··r'·

^er

c.:; ^{·· ··· · · · ··· ···j} " '!

:'.> . ,'.. . :;- i .:,:, j '

~. ~-"

:

or1l'oca l.:~es'~u~ce!l·w,,;:s:alao.ref1:ec'tedin'hous~ c~n s trrict:i~t. .

~h:~~~·.·t~~'· ~c~u~a~~.{',~~;~'~u~ua;t'~

^..

·t.~~ b~i~~e;~ ''~iid',v'"iri~~a~i';!

^.

. . iron

_"

~~a::: :~::~~:~:Lr::t:::h:r::::::i::~:ltt,;nai~Sia:~

_{, ',." , . .,'} .,;, ,.. , " ", ' .

.-, .

,. ' .,

.

-:. '. .-. Whi l e:t he,t o t cil'poj:m l ation.~f.

thii

~ay

. a's'

a.'WhOl~"

...-

.

^";.." , '"

'.

.'.'.,.'. '.,'," \:" .: " ;~." ...'. ." '.•

"'. ':' .

.

..•.,:ont,.l~~~.~,to.~~~,~ea~~.'?U,Z:i.n^g.tJ:t.~·:~.i.n,e~~.~~~h:~~r~~~.~.~:.t

_

•.~e~i~~~s.ta.bl~"'":or::~e.n~,deC lin~d'i n"SOllie.p.~t~e.ol deJ;

"

i;l'e~tieme~t~ " i~ '~he

^.

o~~~~'~'Bayl are~ :'a'~t~r

^{1s60 .}

~.O.':Th'i~ ,d~'CJ...i~:

'~~s · pa;1:ly ::th~',: r~~u~~,

^of:

a'~,ge~~~'~i out:':tlIi~i~ti~I/Of' .~~pie. ',;.:

. " ~'~ .. the."' ~~'~th:.:·~~~ ,w~s't' ,o~:' ~~~·,ii.i:a~d ',?~·.·~o :~h~ " i~ner" ~~; :w~er7 1 : :. ,,'. )

.

-,:

" 1i

. ,".'. " ,

:: .' .,-.. ..

,- ', ,

..

'....

.··. ;I?;.f~j~1~

amplestands,.of.qcod-ti mber and

EF¢

the,"

si~t~i~

intr()d,uc,tio n'of numer'bus''::''

;;z:;

',' , ,,. .

'- :w~'t~~~d'ri;~n" sa~ -~'ii~s _~'jit~; ":::~850 " ~-~d"~~~nstr~'t:~'~ 'tli~t ~ ; .:~.,;~~~:~ .' ^{'. ..} :~'

"i~ e,r.in~' ·~{g~~ , prO~f~~' ~~:~i-~~-l~ ~.~t!'e'~·~~tlve··,~;; ^. ~',:a~aso~~1" ^.' ' ,'~ '.(~: ^{.:' _}

"'~l --..'~\

:j-

~g+'i:~'2,~,~~~:~;~,:c

p:erli~an.l1::o'nc~

"establ.i'shed' ,

thes~:'l~itia'l;~e:tt't~'~s_act~d/~

as , ~ P.~~i ~'i:~~ ·:at~x:~i~.i~~",;.{~': ~ nt:o,ur'agi~ '~:~~~e~~ ',-;;~'-: t~~~:~: ' i {n-....:"' : "'.'

tofO~ l OW. The reason s- forth~s,ifne r Bay move ment ar

7

complex. By18 1 0the

oaeer

se ttleme nts were ov er-populatedr . '.',:.;

A~{ ~h~l. b~'t.~~~ >~:ri~ ' . p~'rti?,\r~'~~'l(,the >l.~.d: ~iu;' w a te .z: ·'- .' I',

".'fro~t~·ge.~had^..be~n.

claime? :" '

::i.~c'al ~-ot~~t.·:.~e5c;~lrces "~n~~es~a~!.;

' :"

, . ::~.:;::o~~:::~:\;::~p::::r;;r::n:=~:::~;:e::i:;t1:::::~'

. : :', " . _.a~:.{~~·~.d:·~O?.-~t:i:O~.:.·o·~.:be~.~h ::i::r,~e.(~~~~~:d: :t~.e.·.~~~'~l~.~: ~f.:'~f.~·.,· ',

^",'

.'. ..~nSho~e,~~,s~e~.Y,^-t~.

ab SOrb:

tli',e:'natu_r~lPO,~~,laj;lo~_fnC,~ease./^{- :}

I Fi~~'~~e~: ;"~;e b~i119'. f~~~ed':~~·,q~:, 'f~r.~.~~r'·.~nd :i;~th~~:',"f~?~ ' ' , '. " ,

..

/

: " ~~:;'~~~-'J ' " , >L " .'~ •• ~1 ;~ :,.~ '·'-;""'_ ' -""~-

;~

} l~:'~:;~f: :.: ..::: . . .. ^;;::~., . .. ^: "":~~~;~~;:; . . . ~.'.:;.:~< ^..:',.

:;/

.

: :';: '"

,

sh~l~·~r:. ;

InTd n i, t / B'ay ,,and

el,se';her~" 'iii ~'ewf~~nd~and,

i>'- - , ,~ .-, "'. ,' . _:' . '.

auch st;ruotureswereoal,led tilt s'(Plate

.n.

':The

·.";'.t.i:t·~,·:~~, ~i~~~e~th ^and .:·s~~~n~e~~~~···~e~;~fy J:Mla~d ~ant

a,smaLk hut.,.·orte mpm::a'r ,Y'~heltel1'on,itboat'(O'.B.p.,·:,3:313) •

.

T1i.~,.,1~U:\,~~:.i~ren~~

^IMy

'~~~o~:t '~o/'~~~' ~,~pu~a~~.~y· ~i~.' ^{'1 .}

Newf.o und l an d, whe r e'f is h i n gwa s th epri ma r y occupatIcn, ,I n

:::::~~:'~:h::,:::~: ':::~~::,:::y~~;i;:~::~' ::1;::i:S~" lY"

.or .i g i n. WhOl:t; e v e r',its.ety~dl0'3Y ;:,th e tilt:.,Wall ccnst.cucued

•

·~ni.:~~~l~·Y·,·~ ,, ~~ah~l~~~~ w~s't: '~,~:h~'~r'~, '7·ish~ rm~n·,~o,.P~~.~i~.e

^'--

sh~lt~rduring'.t;be,summe~'f i sh i M,'S·ea's·on.·",~o'hge'de s cribe s

.r::~::~:;(:~::::'.:(:6::;::.:;~t;arn:i::·:ew:::h:;::~ ^{oJ·th e}

~0F!str~ot.e,d.bY·,'t h e:-inftia~'s e t :t'lers.-/;,0pr.ovi.d e,!?he lter

'~'hir~.i~ft1.~i~nt·,timbe~'q.('J~l~:b~ ci~to'~d"prepar~d,:'for

.. ::::}:t:::.:\;::::: Wi ~li~~ Min~r

^••

~~~~se;t\~d

^'"

Rand;~ .

•:.

~" h~V~

^.

j·u~t '~omp),~te~'."a ',fi~~'~ti'l

^t··

~~ar .~· s~!r .__ .

~n:o.ok...and..w,h.ile'" iot'la oks,·,the.C9IIJfo~tso(j'/.ho~':. i--t.'wi l l ser v e until'John.andI.ca ncu t 8ufficieqt :timbe r,for-ch ene~.hOi-l,se.'which ' shouldnot takel.'

10';191'f.God~nd.,the.wea ther",conti,nt!es~};t~·;u S,:, .

-;",,~. .. .. .""'V⁰

32

'~n

^{-the,'S't UdY:}

a~~~:; : ~,:~. :t~o.~~ ,:~til~ : e~~a:rit ~-ce : ~f''l'e~~'nt

r'COhstr~¢:t:{o'n~"'~_There'

is.

h6w~yer,'';'.'s t r o ng'o r al,traditio~

, .-. '- ', :..- ' : '. . ::" '. i' , ... ..

~qa,rdlng·,.t~e Hi:!",

.

,~~~ .s~ructure.· v~r.~ed _, s~me~~~,t.

'i n

s~~e

:d~::n:':::~~?re·::~:~:'::V:t:::L:r::r::::·::e::::':::n

"1'0'

' ~:' 14

^,_

-~~', ~he

gro'und':an/ s ; -6 ,-

'a~:' the~:'~;~e;-:'c~vere:~ '~ith

~'-- 1~* ~i,tch~~ '9·~~1~--end·"root-. <.:,~all,s w~~e,. ~on'~~';~~~~d , ;~,

. _'.' ~::::::;::.~:tC::e~::;d::,t::::' s :::::d":re :::,:::: ^with,

'.boa ts . '.'Anspach ;w~it ing'.i~'1 8 1 9~ des'c~·ib"e s.i~'.so~e de-t~il' the

h.~~·~e·~ ' ~'{'. ~~~- ':'com~on' .fi5h~i'men. an d .n6'~~: t~atl . .

:

':T~~~ -l~l,uool~~r~ ·.~al1· t·i~t~ ·

^te;.\pot a r y '10.9. .,

·bouse ~,w.hI<:hthey'e r e c t,inthewoods,t o..pursue _', '

. .::,__theirw.~~ter9_ccupa,t~~ms..:.( 46_~)-..I::. '" .';, ",'":.'.1

..

In " !-~36, "Ar,~hdl~c~.~

^W!X',.vi"sited

a:"lO~~in'g ,~~mp' a~_ 't~e

^.bottom

!. :,;~.~ ^.. ~d~~~~· B:~Y,:,~~~. ~.~,~;,~~~:d "+~ . ~~~:~,:,~_~~e~.~.Y:f~~.m_-~~~

.Ha r bour,f o r."':;in te w.o rk

n :

and.-h eld.a.chu~ chservi ce:in

.'.-". "- .

" .

". ' . . ..", ',

of-the "tilts'.Cp.23)•-':Ttlese,tiltsweretemporary .::

She'i~e~s 'e;~~f~d ^{" b 'y} -lumb~rlnenl '

^-

~~';;' H~rbo'ur <as'-a':~e'fl'

^{, .}

.. . .est~bli,shed" ..communi' t \:at"thi s time~"compris i ng

"'

,26houses

. '

^.

~r

' V

^~

.. , . . . .

..

form~:"gth~ Wal1S~,h~;,~ re't~dd, r~ct~yC~~egrbuMlb ~t >

qxouhd sills or"_~,9g swe xeoccas.iona~~yueed,. Til..t:s u s ua l l y

.~~~ai ned··'O~1;··6~(/JOom

^and

a,c~es~', ~~S,bY

^a

_cent~al'~y" ~'~~ced "

.. . front ~6bi_,. . :, ....- .,\ . ,., '. .. 6;;: .~~ . '

^13'

,:, do~'i!1n<~he-:s'hor'ter' . '"::._ .r.: r. . . ', \.-" , '9~~1~"'~n~; ,'-.:." _ ' -"~h~ d~b; - , _. ';

itself.wa s usually made.of deal'board and was hung on .,'.

:::::::,~::::s,:::::~:e:n:~::e:.WQ::::h:a:::~te::::O~s,

^{if . ··· .,\.}

. .,c e n tu ty'.

"s~all wind~·~s ."we~e ·:3o~~e"i1ne~ '

^cb'vered:

~witl;1-:9~ea'~ed

^"

.,• .".',.:. "-" . .;" :-: ,.,, ' ,:" - " - .•. ' .j'-- ' :.' .;:._~

.pap~randpro~e.c.t;dont~e'e~te:t".iqr:?ya,rough'.w~oden:.

. ·~hut ~~r>...

Heat

was·~pr~.vided by"'an:open 'fi.'~e,'~na'.hearih .,.-.'.

',:

locat~d

^{'"a t}

-~h'~ end

^'of

:t~~" '~o~se ., '~h'e; '~mo~~ ·~s~~~ed· ~h~~Ug~

^.:

: ~ '~:6.-i~"·-i~',th~ ':.r~o~:.·. ·"ih:,,-~~~~·-:.~il,t~' .C"iUd~ ~OOde'n ·,c.~i~~~~:-: .

'.' :·~~io.~:'·'~6"~~'tr.~~ed_,,~·~~. : ~h~~".pr~t~.~er.~~:

^{·no t.}

,~~,~.~_S,~'~.?a~ :, i,~!'~

'Triri~~y

^{'Ba y:.•,}

~

^{:.Th e,}

.r.OOf:~,as .forme'd "'o~ ~09~

^{or.rOtl.9 h}

:'b~ardl3.

re!ltin~oh.a.r·idge.po.Le.and",,t hen'co'ver'ed

' .w · lt h"

birch.bark ;

. ' , " " -" , .- ',' - ", - ' . ."

o~~'~.a..il:c,loui,·o~

any'

ot ner"~uib;'blem.aterial'.':rree'·:

br~~Ches· "~e~e ._,~_~mefimes' "Pl·aC~d. Q:'_ the 'r~o,f, to 'e~~orirag~ ' a~ " , .

'~"cc~ulat:or::-Of , , s~OW~W~iCh:,~cted '~~"ri~;Ul~~iO~ ·agai~st ·"~in.~

^...'

arid- frost:~ ·

^{;n il';,qual.ity}

o~:' ",;o~li..ma-n~~iP ,varied:" 'som~

-::tilts:.:

\. were"ext;-emelY

'cr~de 'a~d we~~: ~'s~d

^for

on~y :a ~ho~t

'pei'i Qd"

':-b~' time

^.•

"Oth~~~ ~~~~ 'moie caref'~ii'; ~~~~t~u6t~d ' ~~d' _us~d":

:'.by:,

th~, .. ~_~~.~.:: l~;~,~ng ~i~~s_','f~'r',:sev~;ai: ,~int_~';~ ~,:" : ."".:., ....: - .." ..'. ~, ,, :.,

!~;Yiri i::::'~e::,::::i:::::~t::::A:;::d~:'~:!:n' ·· , ... . .

iea'~t'^25.0.'h~uses,~h~re..:_FO'~more''th~ri,~':',c'entury

~~~t~~~~' h;~ "~~t:.\h~"·pro~i~,,!~· o.~,., no~se,,'.~~n-~~;uc~i;n'·

i~: ·a·.n~~e'.~·.~~~~ro~~~t,;~ .~

^..

~'~'~~ fas:;.~r~ ' SU~:h ~~s :·'.:,e'~.im~i.~',:,~nd·

·;;,-vail.~ble

^build1ing

mat'eX'ia~~

^<1,5,:,"eIT:'"as ch a n ge s '

,~n.

^dai:y

~~~k"'~~d'l,i v i n gPli'tt~~s.neces5itated:a'dapti~'f·E·~gii~.h

:t·;::.:::.:.~t~::~;:::~::;;;;r1:.:·, A ^{. . ...• ... ..· ·}

In a se n sei t'' ' rk e d the'tt""'tlonfro".ehepionee r,pha" .

< 1

.

~~1e·t_~1~~~~:t; . p,~.~~~,n,e~.t'. ~e~t(~r's';:i:~·.,;~~e ^. fa.y,,~ep.~:~c:~::.~~e:·. ^{·.• .}

⁶·...:.'.·•...··.,.·.•·,.·.··.··.··.1•..••··.·•·.••.•..'.,.•;.·.:,·.,'.

·t-iltwi t h"t hLs'str uc t ur eas soonas,they.were able'to~,,:" __ _ _ L ' '.... ' .:., . ....', .' :--. .,"' :,"'-" ....': .," ,-,:.,

:'.: ,Mo

l _ _ ~~ove~,,'

^thiS.:

~,~~u,~:.~r~}le,Ca~e

^_,

,~~e

^.

·,~o~m. ' ~?r,:.

^,a..

,~~v~'.~~"

^..

~ew

., mllligrants'arrl-V~n,g: ,af.ter-1800.:.Many of the s e , new,," ,

i~igr'~~t~ ~~';'~, pdo~l~' -p~'~~a~~d ·'tci. d~a~·.~i:th \he.n~~·

·.90n.4'1~i6n~,; 'TP~'/,h~d: f.+~t~~::.~~p~~ie'.~~ bui'.l~~;~g h~U~:S

,

~~ o~~~~.:~~ruc~~r~~,!. ~~ ,~~.~~~, h~me'~~~6: '.·,~~~r~~~.~',cei~nd.

,r:-~':T'~,,=~~arn: ,l~_bou.r.e~s!~7.7,e,,'e~t~.e,r^'.a~c~~~da^ted,'~n^th;e.'.,:~o~es•^,or:

·

'~~.tl;~~~~ing,~~o~ ri~F.J;oY~S-r-:G~cl~-ll~r ,~mp ,~ l-, ·OY,-,~~d,--,--'-,-c.~-,..'­

app·r op.iia t -e craftsmen:to,b uild·:smal l.co.t.t age'sf~);'.fhem

~lj'ai{_~~;' ~i9'~~: 2:~ ~~~5'tll:::K~rr'" . i~6~"~' 'lB6-i~~,'I~:~run's~ii~"r ,·i9·i~.:'·::1 6~} ^{;': .} :'.~.~t;~6u~:'i~~~ o~ '

^cepi

;~~' ::~~e' ~o~ ,~er.e .of.ten

· ~~.ab~.~ ··tO iP~~Vfd~~'~~,\l9.i~~ · ~.~"': :~,~·~~~·elV~s

^.."

,::s~~e" ~.abo~.~~~e

di d

~u.ii.d po.ttage~.~f~· C_Ob 'O~ ,:.s~~i,~ ~.~l·l,~:-m17~t,~ o<~qUatted ~

^;.

..

,'

~i, ;~ -th. J~~';~d .: h~U~i~' ;~; ~l:;'l~ ~'n;~);." :h~ '· ' :' .'

.dominant.9r(~)\ipf

w as often'

in! t ia:ll

y _

p~vided·..by-',the

- ,: . ::~::5;::;t~:',::~~~:'L:f::i::O;i:r:o::;'~,~ :'

.:"r.Chi.tectur~~ trad~ tion~ a~.,after mak~~g

a

l;Onni;-ent,'~~":'"

sEtt,tle'pema n~ntlyas-sel f emplo ye d'fi8~~~nlreadily.",:'

.: ", ::~"~:::,:::,: . . :~;~"',p,:e.:~,Of b~:;n~ ~~'b:;'h.~:, ^b1

., :ield~e s~arch~hasah own~a t"I n.? rini,t y Bay~ .:..~.

t

<.:."

":-".\

, . '.'; 3Fl~O~' ~re~

^'-was,

~"alc~l~ted': ~~'lls ' ~i-';.: ~e '~ro~n~ ;...;.

floor area for,the·(irst.·and second gener a t io n ,:andtwice the

:'.9 round

f~.oor

^..

t~~~·;f~: :_~he,_tbi.r~ .~di. f~u~th 9~ne~~t~on:d)oU8e~:;

^{"':. , ;}

.

./-, .;~: ' : '

. .

^-

".

'-'~':L:__,."...,",~"'",,_. ,_.,..·l.·~": _""-G!(I'l,i.,fj-....:..,,,,••r.~·_,,,,,,

.. 1"··"'·

Plate 2 First GenerationCottage, near Trinity, ca. 18 5 0.

wee

Plate 3 First Gene r a tionCottage, near Trinity , ca. 18 50 (Re ar View) .

•y '. '

' W ,ndO ' W a~d: a~ant,~llY r,aC:";'O;~ (~~~. .

hou se sthreewi~dbws.ve remc r ecommon'. The,r e a r

. •.. ;:e:i:h~O~:t:;:::n:::::::dO;:.tm;:~t:::::y~:::~:::::; i· •

.."sUbdivide'd:'i~t6"

two

'c;m~~'rtrDents';,a;Po~~hw·i t.h'.~. d'~or

·

':~', leadi~;, :',to::_~~~,"~ut's~~e ~~d ~' )pa~t-ry~lth" a~:,,~~trari~,~from

· . ::::kw:~t:::::fh:::::·a:~:t:0::n:::~0:~ea~:::~n9 ·.th.~·

",' .,".

,.: ih~'· f.loor·- '~pac7' i~'~lle_ ',~irst" ge_~era't:~6Q'h.o~~e Wl;S

'".

~iY.i~~4 .T~~?, ~w4o~s ;" -"u.s.u·al1y :a :,kit~~~n

^_and"a

b~~~OO~'

althou9P:th'e._s e c'; pdr~~n;

was oc casio nailY

'r~'s~ive'd^'a's

- a,..- . .

~ar~~~.~-; >ch~i~:~7,~ :a'-~d:·~~~r:~i'ed· '~~·i.~:s ^{. . . .} ~~.~,~,~ ~~ :.:t'he:·

^{. :}

· .'whi ch-was'i:~ac.li.ed

- by

a"wooden-'l~daer:o~by:a,~mal1',ericjosed....

· . ~:~;Ie;-',~~.~i,r+y ,1:e'~~iin~' :·~ro~~;~Je.:.ki:~'~.,~~.;._ ~k·f~·~m_-·~~ ^{. .} ~~ ·.~~~r··

^.

.pcxch,. Th e'floor jO,istsof-'ur e:;Loftwe:re notched,in t o.c b e '. ',,:,',"" "".'-,'; ':. , ...--.,.''.-' - '. "'",.~ :",I,' .... :_.::,:.

:ve~.:~icaL',~ tu~s(a.nd: :w7:re someti~e ~..p~ac.e~,th~e~',to four:fee t:· belowthe" :w~li"Plat;e: 't6i~c;~a~e:"h~~J'ro6m.

i ii

,th~"lo,ft' .

' 1: _.! a ::b:i' _{' .: .} en:t:°:~a::r::e:~:rb:t:a::i~::::;~'::: _{" . . ··.. 1·.'. ·· •• . . ..• .} : _'. :0. _,' ·· ·· . ·. ·

,'separa~e,.rooms.'.by.a li9~t_,~,?r,t~;in,wa,l +o~.";'~r,ti?al ly,p ~aced

'.:.. '.'

. .

.' ..: ::· t

. '.. J

Pta.~~··

.

in·18jg:

':.'

. ,

I··U';',Ptwith·s~venl.o~^.the.rnaie·.br~ctr.e s^of.the

fmilyin^II lonq.•10\11',.loft ,eX,ten dingthewhole . . . le n g thof thehouse,'wi,tb"arll"9 l!of'narrowbeds,

~~b:~~~~i~~~n~~~~/~;~e~~ o :e l~~~~~ :~~d:o~~s~'. . .' . _... '

01\_ ehd.le t inlight .:'a nd IItra p-dooror hat c::hwa:y· _.:.w.:

"-~,~;..-

^.

.1 ~~t~~:,;·~:t~~ °ie~~~~l~~ ' :{~~~.i~~<into. th~.~:~:

^,:.

.,.-:~

^.

-. " No

~efi~!t~ ;:U~$~··~.lm:Y

10""Etoncouldbe

e!i~~blished~~ ti.~~P"la~e·s~-~liti,J·pre~ent·in;'~l i'

:of

th e

~:II;~~er "~u_~. we;~

^{-repl a ced by}

~~'_s~~ve~ .. ~~e:~. 18 ~S

^:-

; the·.fir.~^{st o ve recordedwa sat} Enq~~HllrboUr^{in18 63-}

I.. :, .· ~d c~;";'ey

^{• . ;••}

·oft~n:replsc" by l·tov. pi "':~: ~.'Y fo.ur' ~ ' . : 'l)\d

.;<:' ?'::: ~1::::~'~::;:~;.~:.::~:;;~~~~~·r:::i~::O,:~~ .~.Y .

., .. ext;l!riQ Z:.;~ll,',:.~hr~.e ~er~~ .~~.IO~al,st~!:.e.ndone..,~~.'bU.~I~:.~ nct. While no:~Xll ctmeaa.ur~1Sents co.':I I~be·;~." :'

.t a·k en,t:he~:apPea r.tohavebee n.co~.ider~ly,8"11~ r.than.

_.'J" . . . • .•".. " . •. .', •.' .

the..lar~efireplac e s'of-lr ish:i tllD1igr an ti:iiitheSouthC~'

"va·~o~~ .~~~~~nio~,

^..

~g;~ I ; .i4'g~·~~1.J.·:·

^..

~

^.

-~

^..

~ . :

^...;.,'.

>. . ~ .:':',

~;.'.., .. ~.he'first·9El'nei:.iatio n bOUs e was cons t ructed of.,loca l· .

tf~~: ~it~~r ' spru~~I·~J; · ·iii~ ~l~~U~;

^pine

w~~:·· ~~~~t~·8 · · ·, ^{.. "}

'.:

~8ed. f.~r' .int.~rior; Pi!lit;l.tio·ns , :, dOOf.S'~

^AJ1d.:Window

~,ie,B . M o r:: a s- .:..

.

:

.. -

. ,.

...

~"'i;~".,i~f,.;:J.it'~!'J>~";.:;tt~'*'~'li.~~~ .-. ~.ii$ ·! ^{:J'-l .;...}

.r .

~/.'

:::::2'~h::V;::~::~':~U!~·i~i~l,::.1~:,::::u:':::e,pa~. .

r r,ticil1.1Y.Pl:~~,ed..QOa~~ s.._~~r,~~..Ub.i;Ui~~l,1S·:i nT~~~fty··^Sax"

." wit'il·the..l~te._ni~etee.nth"'cent.uryf~,,: internal'~all_ _.:

. :::;::::tol~oo:::':: . : ::: :::e:o:f:e~g:;~:\:~t:o::~.~,

i,0) ~~~~~f~~~j~~~?~;

'1. t : ,; : :::::~~:"t:~t::::::~:tt:::\o:::'::;:::::t~::;:;:::'Y

"/. .'j,~inet! ~si1'lga.simp,le.·.'L'~qtch~nd:na.i,led.,;'.i,?r:extra

's~re~g.~~

^..

' :;, _;,.U~§.~'~~'-J,~. ~f~c£i .i~~~·f~", :~~ ,-~,~i·~.~ ·_~·~'~,~I .~a~ ,~oYet.~.l~~.~~:"

or te nonednc ec~he51-11to formthefra meanClg..lve 'the wall _

s~.abilitY. (p".la~e

^,.

: ~_h,~

^..

~·~~a.~~_~~~: S~1i~:s.':~e.r'~, ~'i~h~~r

^.'.

.' :: : p:" ~~::~d::~P:::~.::t:::;::.t~::~::,:::~:f~1::n:t::,,';, . ^'I

.".';'var- Le d .in~~,.t~,wi d.t handF'hmgtQ..;.-_'depen_~in9'_:l:ln·"tl:Je,t~mber, ,)"

~£::i~~:~;21:$i1J,~~Ir\io

_"QU'tsiae"ari d ,~heathedon:tb~'insid!'!·ki~

,

•. • • .•. •. .. . :•• 1.

45

46

47

.'

... .

^{- , ., " , ' ....,. , :}

^{, .'} -" ,

. studded'as .we xe t.he:majority:ofth~fir st:g~ner~tion

. . . , c ••' C .,

.< '. : .' ' .

.:hOUS.~,s.; ,~~~',:P7actice~,~s,i~~!3c].o~.t~: ,,~.~;~~h ,sic]e:

o f:

th~.

C

;::,:::~:::::e:?:~::n:::r ::tt::s.::ta:;::. ::~~:~~:e ' .

'; ' F~r eK~l~.:' ,:~f.

^{:,h e}

,:~o

^{/i rs :.:}

gen~rati~~ .,h:us~s "r~~~~dea ,:,',45

wereOf"S~Udd.~d I;:o ns tr~c ~~on','th~'re~ainder /~iln~e~~'".^,:

An

.or

.thes~ l.studded.

^{houses'we ; e'}

~ecorded ~j;th:r:. ~~. EllgiiS"h"Rar~our

,~'r:; ld', ~~na~e'nt~r~ ','~~.:

. ;

n~~t~':'si~~"~~' ~h~.·~a;,

.

~~"-v~riat~on~,df thl·~ ·;.·f·i,r~t,·g~riera'tl~~ hOUS:e"'.w,~re .

" ~ecord'~d: ' ' ~ri :'

^the

or'~;in'al hous~" t~ere w is' /~is~i~~t b;~~k

:.

,:.'b~~we~n ~'th~" ~~~'n' ~~Of

^.an,d

, .th'e,' ~O~f,~~ o:i'

^f-h'e':

l'~'~~ay ,~~f':~,

^-.

~_

eKamPl~~were ,'r'e co rd e'dwlth'c';ntJ.riu~us.rear'~aft,er~ (P l a t e ai·.

..~

..

^',,'. . '.',."'" " " . .,/ :

..

ap'pendaqe di,s cw pe a:re d and..,t h e'.-p6rch: area ~.

S1

~y,lB~0r.

. loft:

h~~^{'e vo}lve d into'~~e'~e,c~nd:ge nftTa t i ori:"s altboxho us'e<

'iP1at:~s~" ^{:1 ,0.} '~,"'U:'1 :~' ',>,Tb'~" 'S'~l t~;~' ^,";as p'ropo'r'tionat'~~y: :

'~i!jt.r~ibute·d

,i n

~li

' four,

,c~mnmn,~~ies~,,~a'.;i,~',~nq,~19h"

Ha rbour,

a

In "~i~ B~,n~v,e'~tu~~, .'\?f~, '" H~,~,t~; u~,~~'o~~; ,,an~ " : 9:: "~:~:N,~~, ^{' I}

p,er lica n."Ca lcu la tio nsbas ed oD54.e xe mp Lesof,this,style

," : ", , ,' " "'" ,'-:, . " ,. , ! :-

',~ .

"

'dati ng:f r i?m"~8 6 5

!-O

1920:,indicat e i t~assome what1ar9 ,e r

,',.

i'~' '~iZ.~'~

^.

'T~~ m ean' a~e;~~~ '!'i~~r '

^area

'~a~ ~

^S'69

sq;

::f:t•

.,had"a n'

aver~~e ' rne:~m: wld~h. Of':-~'~'

^{'9 '"}

, a~d 'a~" a~el:'age " me'a:~

dePt~"~f ':2; ;>ii ": (~ig. \ ";,. , ~hH~ ~h~ "~f1C~e'asE/' ~'~:fi~or"::

^.

,',: ,:: .:, ! " ,",:" .. :' , , ,- '

space,wasnptgre.~~ ,,t h e~econd ge~eration ho~s,ewas:'

:::n:~t:S::~::::o:P::::'~~~~~:eh:~[:e:a:,::t::l;e::::::~

,f or',t~o,':f,uil

,si.' ze

b~dr~0J.'lsonfhe-,-aecond

'f ieer

aa.well:,11S ,',

. t~~ sm,a:l1~r

storage 'r,ooms

:wl,t~

^{s.1opi n9}

r~oL,

^,.:The

~,l.ciE:i

eX';~l~Sof,this''s~ltbox'had'o~iy ~he^{do o r}~hi~h ~as, ,'~o.cated;;'

::c:h~O:::':i::~iE::c::~:e:c::;::E::::~::::~:::~:::1

^\..

55

···.··.:·1 :,

: -',1 ·-

J :'

. I ·'i",./ ~~~o,~~,t ~ ^{• •;. '} , ~.'~:ilPO~~ hO~'~~ ~'"d " ^.

...:",~~~~~'not.onl y'for'coo king";nd~~tin'h b~t'.for·~;;w{~.

. . ' - I - ' .' , .

1m! t tinq.lIIatt i l!9and ahost ofothet?o nes t l.c ea s xe , The'

.:,.; .'j

:.: .,1",.

~~d ,~e~I;,-~be;~.~9-

^..

~~,r~ I~.~~.e~~~~·!'~~_ :~.~·~e:._·.: ~h:i·~r~~.~

^..

w~,s:

^.

.:1.-

u5e~.e,xcJ.psive ly-to~n,ter~a..in's tranger~Or local:di"gn~taries ^I '.',

.~'. ,

^s'uch'asthe'

c ier~y~~,' . or

^{for>1., Yin9}

.out~.

^'bodies

'p~ior

^{to'..:".... ' ::.\}

. ' .... . _· <:h:2::::i:r~::~;:.~~::~;:i~:::;:~::t1.:::::::::.:~::r::( . ...-, :' _{~. \}

~othe .sec o ndflQO\,'\The-frontdoo r ,..howtlver._,wa srarely :' .'"''' ;,

. : : • . :: . :::.~ ^{. ..'.d .} :"" . . : .'. . :_ . : . '. '.: ': . . :.'.·O ~ <~ .·Se · .·te x ~~:~1 i .,. ~._ a , - ^{.•' eC .·. I"C ' ·. • b'·f ·.. .} I~b' b~i~'. S~~~~1'f.;.t :~U tb:~ ^{..' . . ' :}

.

~ . .... ~~ ", ~e~~nd ge ner~.t·i!'.n hc"~~~ , :,/

,:' . wer estudde d'and4Q....ereof f'r~'c~n~t~~ctiO~::.;,:~.~he

·J~iriitY'BaY 'id~~

^•.

~ ~e: ~'o~structi~n' ~ ant. b~~_:fr~ij..q ^{'Il '; ....}

'.:::.

~op~~.~~ _~~. 'f_r~'in; W~i .~. ·h~av?-~,~~~~~ .. (~l~.t~~: '

^i2·"

·i~~:

^.... : ...

'.,:.~,:':

,, ~ ".

"

.

. .

:

- c --:--:-

.,:

:.

.

,~,.

· ,f·.

...·h· '~ -'''i~~'''''''''''_:'''_1^.'....'--f",...,.-;.~.'^-.••~,.t,~.;:;:·;:r;i.;,;~,~.:.Ii'·..:d'-,v..,.·~.H.',; ·.,"';,}~."-~·

57

·· ~~~~~i;Di~~i~~~~~~:' . • .

" The co ns t ructio nof. th ese"early-" fr a Me.

hOU~S

^..'

'foliow~d ~" s~t "patte~~.· ' A f'ter .

a"-

5'~i'tabl~ :.~':~te: '~ir~~'~ eiecte~';

US~CI,lly ~~~a_~ 'tqe

^-'older-farn:ilYhome

. ~he ~o~n~~ti6n ' ·of. 't" he "

.

h.~u~.e- W~.8

^..

m.~~~~~ W{thw~~e~

^.

.',pe~s

^and,the"'rS.Od,was

~~~,!~ed'

uouseswere)J.~ua llyor,ient;t~~tofa ce.,th~.~ate rrbut on pa:i:"tic~'{ar ly.e xp~·se·d:;f.,tes'th ey,we ne sometimes ar-r-anqeds~

.'.t~.e}aCk "~f'- ~h~.:,hOUS_~:':~~(ie~_.:~~:'.~i·~~.6t.i.~n .~.f

^-,

:~h~ .p.r~.~~i li~~

^.

-.

··:~inds_. ~, ·.House~ . wer~

_built.,a s·,c los e,t dl ' th e.g r o u nd as

p b s

si ble

:- . '~~'~~ ::~re,l~.-:·.~~~ta'~ ri~.d, ceiia~~ .. '_ ' ',Gro~~d.: ~f;.tS,-.~~ie .,ta,m~d:

^.

~n~~ . ~.~le:~,.~Ug,~n.,:the^{,.g rOUnd}a~d' w_~r~^..~r.~c.~:,7i.th.~~~k ,~il l..

La r Ch._wa s.usually'se1e7ted,forpo s t ~.beceuaei tismo s t , ..

.: :::: ~'::~:O.o::'t:::J~ot:::dp::::~:e:~~o:::n~~::::::: hoid

.

the. ~l.ee·pe,r : ~Pltte,i,3·.) , ~~I~Cti,~as" .·laid:'C;;r: 't,?, ; ~f' ·th~s.e:1

^.

I: ' p,~~~~

^-.::

~n: ~h~, ~·m.al~:er .h~u.s,es , th~~:~)r,re.,~Jnl.y ~h~~~" .s,·l~ep~r~

at th e front·,oe nt.revand-back,.'eac h squared.oneji e top and -

bott'om"b~t'·;,;~'ft '~~~~:~" on~ t~~/ si~e~ a ~d : run~iri~'the' f'uil

·wJ.dth ·:~f

^.

t'~'e ^. ~~'u~e,':'.

^'.:o'ri

·iop·'·cif '·~he ,sle~~ers

^{and,T:u nn ing}

Plate 14 Thi rdGeneration House, EnglishHarbour.

'"

o

t;~<: jO i~t~>n~ ' ~~.1~·· ~~~·'·si:e~~r,~ . ^" 'T,~~~?el~' ~ere h'a~~~~a~~'

f~~.m pineO~.:5pruce. ^Thef,l."a? r,'wa s,thEm...~a.id'.on ',t~·P:.,Qf^{..th e} 'Joists with'the boar'ds:runn irig'parall eleo.the.fron t·of~he

h~US~·.":-

>" l o o i'

boar'd~' ,~~r·~.~d ',~~ri:' : ierygth'

^but'were:

.~sual.1Y

'j,o i nedo~"th~ centr~',jo is t .-,P i h e.floori ng~~s pr·cf'e.rr~a

·b u t..:

~6t· ~~~ays ','a~ai1a~'I'e ;' :

^{,!,h e}

'~ille '~e;e' ~~de' :o~.:

^4"':*"4"

,"i".'

. j;;~;e~::e~:',;:::e:i:::~::,:~n:::e:1::~:~: ~:::::: ' ' . ethe

. . nortnside.o(the Bay;,.howeve -c,',wh.e rs.studding"pe r s La t.ed, '. ,"

"co~ne·r." ~ot~h'ing ';~ai/.a' :c~~~n:

^practice

, ~ven .:~ft'er t.~e

. :

int"r~'d u~tjon' o~ "~'~~/cbn'str~~~i~h , ~.~,~. ~he:·~e'~~ica·l

^..a'tuds..;'

· .w.'~.e ". ten~~~~ : i~t~·. ~~e ~~;~~.~

^':

',~~,~'~ ~~~?~d~ to.,l:eY, . f~6~~ ::~~~:~; ^{. .'}

.carried'onjoi a t s affixed.1:'-0..ene·uprig h t at u d s.-'.The.·floor' .jOis'ts"

~~re>" :" ~'''''6~ :'~i ~e ~~. fi~.- pi~~~' s,~~ ,

^on

,two ~~b~~ ' .

~entr~~:and:~an.e ne ieng t h.of .-·t h a"hOUS ~ :...

They

wer e.~overe d":

~n--

^{'th e}

. t~p ~~th'

^.,,

'i~cJi" 'b~~;d"

^{" " , '}

and

^'

, 'l~(t

^'~

'~~~obed,

^.

'i~" the"

^{.. ,}

~io~'nd

^{. '}

'hiD Dle" w e" . nc;~ ~fte'~' '~sed ' be;c~~~'~'~'he~ we~~"'e;pe~J;Ii~~ . to

wi

th :~::::~t::c:! :r'9/:::f: ;:1;~b:::~' w~::eth~