The Third sector in France and the Labour Market Policy

Texte intégral

(1)The Third sector in France and the Labour Market Policy Edith Archambault. To cite this version: Edith Archambault. The Third sector in France and the Labour Market Policy. Annette Zimmer, & Christina Stecker. Strategy mix for Nonprofit Organisations- Vehicles for Social and Labour Market Policy, Kluwer/Plenum, pp.75-86, 2004. �halshs-00120005�. HAL Id: halshs-00120005 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00120005 Submitted on 12 Dec 2006. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6) !"# $

(7) %&(')+*,.-0/ 1"2436587:9<; =>7@?BA)CD?>EF65 GIH.5J; KL2ME

(8) =B5N38KOH P6QSRUTWV,QYX[Z]\4^`_baYZ_cQed,fhgiZITkjlZ,m6fhZ[TWQSnpoYTWd,qiZ[V,QeX[d,oYQrfhTW_cZ]mJ\MfhgYZ&fhgY_cTWslmWZ[XtfudTvgYVm w ZIZ[Q&dQ&Vkm6fhZ[V,s]x_cQiXITWZ[VymzZ{s oiTW_cQY|kfhgYZ

(9) ^cVym}f>s~Z[X[V,srZ]mtr_ck_c^cV]TfhdfugYZ{mz_fcoYV[fh_cdQ_cQ ZITWkV]QxY\~fhgYZ.RUTWZIQiXIgvfhgi_cTWskmWZIXfhdTp_hmqiTWZ[s~dk_cQiVIfhZ[^x_cQYV]QYX[Z[s w xq~o w ^c_cXkdQYZ8x fhgYVIfp_um4X[dQYX[Z[Q~fhTWVIfuZIsdQfhgYdrmWZvm6o w mzZ[Xfh_cdQmM

(10) gY_`XIgdTWfhgYZ{X[dTWZd,fhgiZL

(11) Z[^bV,TWZ m}fhV[fhZrZ[soYX[V[fh_cdQ\BgYZ[V]^bfhgV,QYsmWdX[_cV,^mzZ[ThY_cX[Z]mY

(12) d,

(13) Z8YZ[T8\qro w ^c_cX

(14) oiQYsr_cQY|_hm4XoiT8 TWZIQrfh^x w ZI_`QY|kTWZIsoiXIZ[skV,QisvV,|rV,_cQm}ffhgY_um w V,Xai|~TWd,oiQYsi\~|~d[YZ[TWQYkZ[Q~fUV,QisvQYdQ~qiTWd,_bf dTW|~V]QY_hmWVIfh_cdQmV,TWZ^cdd,aY_`QY|dTQiZt

(15) VNxYm

(16) d,LX[drhd,qYZ[TWVIfu_cdQBUP6Qd,fhgiZITL@dTWsYm8\_cQ RBTWV]QYX[ZfhgYZkqYV]T6fhQYZ[T8mzgi_bq(d,LfugYZfhgi_cTWs(mWZIXfhdT

(17)

(18) _fhg(|~d[YZ[TWQYkZ[Q~f_hmX[gYV]QY|~_`QY|Vm

(19) Z[^c^Vm_fmqidrmz_bfu_cdQkV,QYsvTWd^`ZL_cQvfhgYZ.RUTWZIQiXIgv@ZI^6V]TWZLk_c PQ)fhgYZSd^c^`d,

(20) _cQY|i\fhgYZlTWZ,m6oi^bfmd,fhgYZS8dgYQm&

(21) d,qraY_cQm{dQ~qiTWd,6_frZ[XfhdT dvqiV,TWV[fh_YZ4UTWdW8Z[XtfdTRBTWV]QYX[Z4@_c^c^ w Z4qiTWZ]mzZ[Q~fhZ[si\ fhg~omd,orfh^c_cQi_cQY|U I¡U¢J£N¡W¤c¥J¦ ]§¨ ©8¡U¢ª, [¡ [¨ ¤`«.§¡W¬6¢¤r¨ ®,¤c¥8[¬W¡B¨ @¯z°[°]±² ¨¨ ``§Y§Y¬W¤c¡6¢£N³M¡WI´[µ[¢[¡>§h¨ §¨ ¢¢Nµ[I¤c² ¬W¡8§h²I¥8[« ·gYZ[TW¨ Z[`§YVI¤ch¡WfhZ[¬W¡WT8\MP6¡6Q(£N¢RU¦ µTWV,¨ ¢QYX[¶ Z]\M^c_baiZ&_cQSd,fhgiZIT{jSZ]m6fhZ[TWQnoiTWd,qYZ[V]Q¸X[d,oiQ~fhTW_cZ]m8\fhgYZkfhgY_cTWs mzZ[XfhdTMgYVym w ZIZ[QdQV¹m}fhZ[V]s,xk_cQYX[TWZ[VmWZ

(22) s oiTW_cQY|vfhgiZ

(23) ^cVm6fUs~Z[X[V,srZ]mP6QvRUTWV,QYX[Z]\~kV,Qyx QYZ(Jd w m8\QiZtºkV,T6aiZfmMV,QYskQYZ»m}ai_c^c^hmMgYVNYZ

(24) _cQY_bfu_cV,^c^ x w Z[Z[QZ[qY^cdTWZ[s w x{Yd^boYQ fhZ[ZIT

(25)

(26) dT6aU d w _cQYZ[s@_bfhg(VfhTWZ[QYsfhd,@V,TWsimDqiTWd,6Z]m8mz_`dQYV,^c_umzV[fh_cdQ\fugY_hmDaiQYd,

(27) û ZIsr|rZ&mWZIThYZ[sVymV w ^boiZqYTW_cQrf4dT

(28) qYV]_cs^cV w d,oiT¼½dTWZId[YZ[T8\BfhgYZkX[gYV,Qi|~_cQi|TWd^cZkd, ¾ Y¿UÚ ÀÁÃÛpÁ6Â6Â6Ã`ÀÄ Å ÁhÜ[Ã~ÈJÆNÄ ÅÁÌhÃ`ÝpÇcÅ ÞWÈzÊ×ÀÏ[ÈzÐ8É]Å ÁÊÇËßÅ ÇYàUÂ6á~Ã ÊbárÅ ÌÜÄ âÁã ËÞÂWÜ[Ç~¿ÍNäÁ6åÁhÀâ æYÎ8ÓBÏç.ÍNÄ ãÅ ÚBÇbËÚUÁÐÜ[Ç Å ÀMè[ÜÑéUÈ8ê~ÄÒãë`ÓÒ ÀNÁ6ÔÕ>ÈÖMÈWÉ]Ê×ËNÁBØÀ}ÊbÁÃÀNÁcÊÙhÈzÏÃÀNÂWÄ.

(29) fhgYZ&QYdQ~qiTWd,_bf

(30) dTW|rV,Qi_hmzV[fh_cdQmvVym¹qiV,T6fuQYZ[T8m+_`QSVQYZ@ZI^6V]TWZ&k_c

(31) _c^c^ w ZV,QYVy ^xYmWZ[si·gYZ

(32) B|rVIfugYZ[TWZIskdQzoi^x"Im6fkV,QyxQYdQrqYTWd,_bf>^cZ[V,si ZIT8m8\BkV,Qx&|rd[YZ[TWQYkZIQrfMTWZqiTWZ,mWZ[Q~fhV[fh_YZ]mLV,QYsd,oiT6fhZ[Z[Q k_cQY_hm6fhZ[T8m4_`QYX[^boYsr_cQY|kfhgYZ BTW_`Z¼(_cQY_hm6fhZ[TfudemW_c|~Q V gYV]T6fhZ[Td,¹TWZ[X[_bqYTWdX[V]^

(33) XIdkk_bfhkZ[Q~fm w Zfc

(34) Z[Z[QSfhgYZ |~d[YZ[TWQYkZ[Q~fpV,QisfhgYZ{QYdQ~qiTWd,_bfmWZIXfhdTiPfU

(35) VmMV]^hmzd¹VDai_cQYskd,pX[Z[^cZ w TWVIfh_cdQd,fhgYZ |~d[YZ[TWQYkZ[Q~ f hQidQ~qYTWd,_bf@mWZ[XtfudTDqiV,T6fhQiZIT8mWgY_bqU Morf w Z8x~dQYsfugY_hmDfhZ[vqidTWV,ThxZ8YZ[Q~f\ fhgY_hm.TWZI^`VIfh_cdQmzgY_q&_hm.QYd,fmzdkX[^cZ[V,TW^ xs~Z_cQYZ[sV,QYs_cQmzdkZ{m6o w _cZ[^csimM_bf_`QYX[^boYsrZ]mMV QYZ

(36) X[dkZIT[,fhgiZ w omz_cQiZ,m8mMmWZ[XtfudT 63 A&%>H'r38KOHK#(v587)%+*{;,%BH@=>7:H@KOH.-L; K#([365/'0%p=B5[KM; 1 mSm6fhVIfhZ[sZIûmzZ

(37) giZITWZ32 1 TWX[gYV] w VIoi^bf 4,4

(38) 5~Vy\644

(39) 5 w07 \+fhgiZ RUTWZ[QYX[gQYdQ~qiTWd,_bf mzZ[XfhdT&srZJYZ[^cd,qiZ[s<dQi^9x 8oY_fhZ(TWZIX[Z[Q~fh^ ;x :< >=?=@,AB AB>,=DCefhgYZ|rZ[QYZ[TW_cXdTW dT drm6f

(40) QidQ~qYTWd,_bfdTW|rV,QY_umzV[fh_cdQEm C w ZI_`QY|_c^c^`ZI|rV,^.soYTW_`QY|fhgYZk

(41) gYd^`Z(64GF H{X[Z[Q~fcoiThx oYQ~fu_c^MVX[Z[Q~fhZ[QYV]TW_cV,Q"V,XfM^`ZI|rV,^`_hmzZ[sfhgiZI&0 I

(42) oiTW_cQY|fhgiZ4

(43) J,KYmLV]QYsfhgYZ64

(44) 5Kim4fhgYZ RBTWZ[QYX[g&{dQ~qiTWd,6_fLrZ[XfhdT

(45) mW^cd,

(46) ^ x|rTWZ_cQV¹XIdQrfhZ[ fpd,Om}fuVIfhZ]uqiTWd[Y_csrZ[s

(47) Z[^bV]TWZ ¼(dTWZTWZ[X[Z[Q~fh^xi\fhgiZsrZ[XIZ[Q~fuTWV,^c_hmWVIfu_cdQ&d,{64,L> w TWd,aiZL

(48) _bfhgVk_c^`^cZ[QYV,ThxkJV]X[d w ZIV]Q fhTWV,sr_bfh_cdQ@gY_cX[g

(49) Vm{V&VJdT{_cQYX[Z[Q~fh_ YZdTDfugYZfhgi_cTWs(mWZIXfhdT

(50) fhdX[dQ~fhTWV,Xf.

(51) _fhg ^cdX[V,^.VIorfhgYdTW_bfu_cZ]mt TWV[qYgºmWgYd,DmDfhgY_hm{TWZIX[Z[Q~f|rTWd,Lfhgfhds~VNx w Zfc@ZIZ[Q J,KiM\ K,KK V,QYs 5,KiM\ K,KK"QYZ Vm8mzdX[_cV[fh_cdQm

(52) V,TWZkX[TWZ[VIfhZ[sZJYZ[Thxx~Z[V,T8\kdTWZ+fugYV,QfugYTWZ[Z+fu_ckZ,m fhgYZLVNYZ[TWV,|rZLd,BfugYZk64>J,Kimt !#". $. NPOGQ6RTS9UVXWY.Y.Z#QX[]\O

(53) ^0QX_a`cbXYdebgfhQ dd

(54) bX\0àQX_c`cbXYdji#UkmlXn6o6p.nXnU.

(55) 80.000. 70.000. 60.000. 50.000. 40.000. 30.000. 20.000. 10.000. .

(56)

(57) . . 94. 96 19. 19. 90. 88. 86. 92 19. 19. 19. 19. 82. 84 19. 19. 78. 76. 80 19. 19. 19. 72. 74. 70. ¢µ[¤c¬W¡ ¤`¬W I¥8³ [¥8µI¦ ² r¯¶. 19. 19. 68. 19. 19. 64. 66 19. 19. 60. 19. 19. . 62. 0. . !#"$&% '(*)+,(-'.%/'01324 5-3% "6. 6P Q 4,4 hoi^c^hufu_ckZ,hZ68 oi_YV,^`ZIQrfkZ[+qi^cd[xrZ[Q~f¹

(58) Vm 4

(59) 5 r\MK,K,K<_cQiXIôYsr_cQY| TWZ[^c_c|r_cdQ V,QYs 4

(60) JKi\ KK,K&Z[~X[^bois~_`QY|&TWZ[^c_c|r_cdQ C&fugYVIf_hm qiZITX[ZIQrfMd,Mfud,fhV,^pZ[+qi^cd[xrZ[Q~f\dT fhgYZ Z[+qi^cd[xrZ[Q~f½d,SV]^c^X[dQm6oYvqrfh_cdQh|~ddsim8kV,Q~orV,XfcoiTW_cQY|_cQis om}fuTW_cZ]mS_cQ 4,4 YP6QV]s~sr_bfh_cdQ fhdSfhgY_hmqiV,_cs Z[+qi^cd[xrZ[Q~f\r½k_c^`^c_cdQd,¹Yd^boiQ~fhZ[Z[T8mV,TWZ

(61) dT6ai_cQY|k_cQfugYZ4fhgi_cTWskmWZIXfhdT

(62) QYZ4RUTWZ[QYX[gk_cQYsr_Y_csoYV]^d,orfUd,Bd,oiTsrZ[XI^`V,TWZ4fud w ZV Yd^boYQrfhZ[ZIT 7. 7. 87. 37. :9. NPOGQ6RTS p]V<; bXY,R OGbgf`c_ dGS#Q OG^ bgf _cbX_aQX[ ^=eRT[ab >(=h^0Y._@?A> \bXZ#Y._OB>i UkXk6C.

(63) Netherlands Ireland Belgium Israel US Australia UK Average France Germany Spain Austria Japan Argentina Finland Czech Republic Peru Brazil Colombia Hungary Slovakia Mexico Romania. 12,5% 11,5% 10,5% 9,2% 7,8% 7,2% 6,2% 4,9% 4,9% 4,5% 4,5% 4,5% 3,5% 3,2% 3,0% 2,8% 2,4% 2,2% 2,0% 1,3% 0,9% 0,4% 0,3%. 0,0%. 2,0%. 4,0%. 6,0%. 8,0% 10,0% 12,0% 14,0%. · ¢gYµ[Z¤c¬W¡ fhd,fhV,¥8^{¦ ¥8³Md,qi¢ZITW¡6V[fh¥8_c¦bQY¶ |eW¯W°[Z[° qYZ[¶ QYsr_bfcoiTWZ]md,vfhgYZfhgY_cTWs mWZ[XtfudT_cQ4,4 ¸

(64) VmvRR 4>K w _c^c^c_cdQ 2 w _c^c^`_cdQSnoiTWd 7 \M

(65) gY_`XIge_um+fhgYZZ68 oi_YV]^cZ[Q~f{d,fugYZfcoiTWQYd[YZ[Tvd,

(66) fhgYZ q~o w ^c_cXko~fh_`^c_bfh_cZ]m_`QYs om6fhThxdTDfugYZkZ[X[gYV,QY_`XIV]^MZ[QY|r_cQYZ[Z[TW_cQY|_cQYsom6fhThxU·pgYZ]mzZv_c|i oYTWZ]m&s~deQYd,f+_cQYX[^bois~ZfhgYZ(Z]m6fh_ckVIfhZ[s kdQYZfhV,ThxlYV,^boiZ(d,vYdôYQ~fuZIZ[TW_cQi| @gY_cX[g

(67) d,oi^cskTWV,_hmWZLfhgYZ@m}oi w xkmWdkZ 5,KqYZ[TpX[ZIQrfW·pgYZ[TWZtdTWZ]\ fhgiZLZ[X[dQYdk_cXLV]Xtfu_Y_bfxvd, fhgYZRUTWZ[QYX[gfhgY_cTWs mzZ[XfhdT@gY_cX[g&_hmOTW6Z 8oYZ[Q~fh^ xV w xYcqYTWdsoiXtfpd,_bfmmzdX[_cV]^TWd^cZ¹ _hmLmW_c|rQY_b_cX[V,Q~fpV]QYs&mW_ ]ZIV w ^cZYPQ&VX[dvqYV]TWVIfh_ YZLqYZ[T8m6qYZ[Xfh_YZLRUTWV,QiXIZ

(68) _umOV [k_cs~sr^cZ

(69) Z[_c|rg~f ~ TWV[qYeg kmWgYd,{mfhgYZLQidQ~qYTWd,_bf>mWgYV,TWZd,Bfhd,fuV,^Z[+qi^cd[xrZ[Q~f w xvX[d,oiQ~fhThx ·gYZRBTWZ[QYX[gefhgY_cTWs mWZ[XfhdTTWV]Q~amkZ[~V]Xtfu^xSVIf

(70) fugYZVNYZ[TWV,|rZ^cZ8YZ[^

(71) V,kdQY|(fhgYZ XId,oiQ~fhTW_`Z,mM_cQiXIôYsrZ[s_`QfhgYZ{m6fhV[fh_hm6fh_cX[V,^qYV]T6fd,fhgYZLqiTWdW8ZIXfW Z[TWkV,Qxv_um_cQkV{mz_`_u ^cV,TqYdrmW_bfh_`dQB @d,

(72) Z8YZ[T8\_cQ XIdvqiV,TW_hmWdQfhdd,fugYZ[TejSZ]m}fuZITWQ noiTWd,qYZ[V]QX[d,oYQ~fuTW_cZ]mJ\fhgYZ RBTWZ[QYX[gV]QYs ZITWkV]QfhgY_cTWs"mWZIXfhdT8m

(73) V,TWZksrZ8YZI^`d,qYZ[s w ZI^`d, fhgYZkVNYZITWV]|~Z+OsoiZfhd fhgYZ

(74) 6V]XffhgYVIfpZ[soYX[V[fh_cdQ&Vm.VkmW_c|~Qi_b_cX[V,Q~fpV]TWZIV¹d,MQYdQrqYTWd,_bf>V,Xfh_Y_bf×x_hmqiTW_ckV,TW_c^ x qYTWd[Y_csrZ[s w xqro w ^c_`XLZ[Q~fh_bfu_cZ]m_cQ w d,fhgkX[d,oYQ~fuTW_cZ]mt . . . . . 7. . .

(75) .

(76)

(77) . "("6 %/B"6,4"$&% '(*)+,(-'.%/'01324 5-3% "6. . ·gYZ+m}fhT6oiXfcoiTWZvd,MfhgYZ{RBTWZ[QYX[gQYdQ~qiTWd,_bf.mWZ[XfhdTL_cQ 644 X[V,Q w Z¹mWZIZ[Q&_cQfuV w ^cZ y ·gYZL_cT8m6fX[d^boikQk^c_hm6fmfhgYZdTW|~V]QY_hmWVIfh_`dQmJ\rdT8\~kdTWZ4qiTWZIX[_hmWZ[^xY\fhgYZ4qiZ[TWX[ZIQrfhV,|rZLd, Z,m6fhV w ^c_hmWgYkZIQrfmM_cQYX[^bois~Z[sk_cQfugYZvrP Mnp

(78) n(6_`^cZ]\~_6 Z ydTW|~V]QY_hmWVIfh_cdQm

(79) gY_`XIgkZ[vqY^`d[x VIf^cZ[Vm6fMdQYZ+mzV]^cV,TW_cZ[s&dT.

(80) gY_cX[g&qYVNxfhV,rZ]mt LorfMd,OV+fud,fhV,^pQ~oi w Z[Td,.QYdQ~qiTWd,_bf dTW|~V]QY_hmWVIfh_cdQmJ\Y

(81) gY_cX[g&_hmMoYQraYQYd,@Q 2kVx w TZ L

(82) K,KY\ KK,K 7 \V w d,o~f

(83) KiM\ K,KKkdTW|rV,QY_umzVy fh_cdQmLV]TWZv_cQYX[^bois~Z[s_cQ ~P Mnp

(84) nS_c^cZY·pgYZ{d,fhgYZ[T.X[d^boYkQmmzgid,fhgYZ

(85) qYZ[TWX[Z[Q~fhV]|~Z d,MfhgYZfud,fhV,^pd,qYZ[TWV[fh_cQY|&Z[qYZ[QYsr_bfcoiTWZ]mJ\hoi^c^hufu_ckZ6Z 8oY_YV]^cZ[Q~fpZ[vqY^cd[xrkZIQr]f 2uRU·n 7 \ V,QYs

(86) YdôYQ~fuZIZ[TW_cQie| 26mWZ[ZLV w d[YZ 7 ·gYZ[TWZV,TWZ4_YZ@mz_`|~QY_6_`XIV]Q~fZIV[fcoiTWZ,mpd,BfhgYZ.RUTWZIQiXIgkQYdQrqYTWd,_bf>mWZIXfhdT[ ¤c®,¨¡W¡8¤c´[¢§ ¤c³(.¡8§h¬W¡W¥8µ[tL¦ ¡WµI¬W¤`¢¡B[¥8´[¢I¡W³«¤¨ ¬p¤c¬W¡W¡WÍ¬W¤c¢N¡W¨ ¥W¢NYªB¨ ¢¢N[ª~ I²[¡M£¡W¨ ¡«[¢JµI¬W¥8²,¥W¦Y [¢¨ ¢N¡M´[M¡W§h¤c¡W¥J¥W¬6[¨«M¢ ¤

(87) ¤`¡8¨§B§¡ ¡W[¬W¥8´[¢¤c¡W[¬W[ [¬W«[¡W²I¨ [µ[¡W¤c¤c¥8¥W¡8¦§¡W M«L¥8¥8[¢[«D.«.§ [ I¢N¡.¡p¬W¨ ¡W¬W¥8³M¢¦,¤c§h´[¡ ¡W¦ ¤b¢£N[¡W¨ ³M¬W¦ ª¡8¥8¡W§ ¤c¡U¥8¢¬6ª [¨¨ £N¬W [¨ ¡ ¢ [ª,¨ £N¤c«@¢¦ §µ[¡W¬6¡W¢¡W¤`¤ ² ¢¤ ´[¡W¶ ¤¬W¡Wi¢ª~ [¡¢¤ N¥J[¨§h¥z¨ ¢]§¤c¡W¬W¢N¤c«[¡W«4¨ ªb¨ ¦ ¡W²,¥8[« ,±M´[¡W¤Y¬W¡W «[ [µ]¡W¨§c´[§r¤c¡8¥«[§6§Y¢§h¨ ³M¢ I

(88) ¡ ¨ I¨¥8k[¡W¤c¬W¯z³M¡M°[¥8° [¥§¶ r¤c I¡W¨¢N¬W¤cI«¡W´[¤c¢N¦¡W@¬6ªb¨ ¡6¢£¤c¢¡W²¤ [¥8[¡B[¡W¨®,¡W§h¤`L¥z¡WI¨ ¨ ¢[¬W]¬W O§¤c¡W§¤c¥N¡Wµ[¬6§{¡W¢« ¤r±[±L¨§Y¨ ´[«[ .¡W¢¤B³M I¬W¨¡p¡WI¥W«[¡W¡W¢¡W« ´[ªY¡WI [O¨¡M §¢4¢J¬W£N¢N¨ ¡W¥Jª~¤c¦]¥8§ [¦ r¡W¡¤[£¡WµI¨ ¬W¬W³ ¢¡8[I§²[¢¡W¥J¤³[¢¨ « ¬ ª ¤cª¥J¡8¬W§h¨¨ «[¦ ¨ ¡W¨ ¡8§Y¨ ¥8ªb¦Y¢¤r¬W¥J«[¤`¨¡4§h¥ ª[¥8¦ ¬W¡W¨ «¦ ¨ Í¨ ¡8¡W§h¤u²§¢]¨ §z¶ {¥ µ[¥§h¨ ³M¢[¢´[¢¦ ¨ §u¨ ¬M´[¢[§¨ ¨ ¢

(89) ¨ L I¡ªb¨ ¡W¦ «

(90) ¢ª¤c¡8§h¨ «[¡W¨ ¥8¦ [¡W®,«[¥¤c¥8µ[§ [[¬W¬W¥z¥ ¡[¨ ¢¢ [µ¥Nr¶ §B¢¥[¥z¡ [ [¨ ªN¢¢ I¦ µ[¨ ¡W¬¤b¤i´[ .Í¤c¡W¨¢³M¤`ª¬W¥J¡W I¤t.¡B¥ ¥J¢8[¡«¥J¢¦]§ª¤c¡W¡8¬W [§¢N¢¨ I¤cµ[««[¤c¥8¬W§h¤¡8¡W§¬6§h¢¢¬Wª¤Y I¨ ¢N I¢¡£N¦¢§[¦ ¢£N¥J[¡W¤c¡³M´[¤c¢8¡W¢£ª¡Wr¨ i¤ ¨ .§h¤c¡W¡W¡W¬6´[«[¤c¢µ[¡8¤Y§h¬W¡W¤c¥z¡8t¨§h¢¨¡W«[M«.¡¨ [ÖM¥J [ [¡ ¡¡Wª¤c¨ ¡8¡W³M§u¦ «.¥8¡W ¤c¢ ª ´[®,¥J¤`¥J¤.[¬W¢¡Wª.²Y´[®,¤c¤c¨¥8£[¥W¬W¡¡W² §¬W [ [¢¡W¢¤c¦¡{§ªb I¤`¡ ¡ µ[¡W¡Wt¦ ¦ ¨{¥8[¤c²¡W´[¢N¤c¤ ¡8§¡WµU¬W¥

(91) &§h¡W´[¬W¥z¢[¡W«¤c&¬W [´[¥8¤c[¡6£N¬W¥8¡4¨ ¦ª§W¢¶ ¤>¬W [¦ p¨ ¦ ¢J«[£N¤c¡W¡W¤4¤` [¡ ¡v¡W¬6¤c¡8¡W§c« M¢ª ´[§µ µ I`¦ §¨ ¬¡W¬6§¬W¢ [¤¢ [¢N¥¦§§z¶ [¡W¡Wµ[ ¦ µIN¤`¤c¡W¢ ²§¨ ´[ ¢M¤b`¤`§p¥J´[¥J¨ [«[«{¦ .¤c¡6¡W£¬W¡W¤c¤¡W¥W§¨ ¨ [¢¬W{¡B¨§ [¡ ¥8¦§h¢J¢L£N³M¡W¤c¢N[¤c³M¡M¡W«[¡6i£§u¡W¦ ¥8¢¤b´[¡W¡W«.«

(92) ¨ ¨ `

(93) §®]´[¤c¢¥J¦ ¨[¬ ¬W.¡¢¶ ªr~«I [¡ ¨ § ¬W¡6£N¡W¡W¤¤c¥8¦ ¨ [§h¥z¡W¤c¨¡¢¶ ¶ µ[{¡¥J ¢M [§h³M¡p¥8ªb¥8¦ ,¬6~¢N¤ [¥8¥WIY¨ [§¥W¢[§h¨ ´[¢¨ ]¥8§ ¦§B¤c [µ[¥zM£N¡³MI¥8¡W¨ [¡W¦@§¡Wp¬Wµ[£¦¢¥8¦ ¤cµ[¨ t§¡W¡W«[¡W²¤u¡8§ §´[¥8¡W¤c¬W¡U¨ ¥8³M¦ .µ]§«[ [µ[¤c¤c¢¨ ¢³¨ [¡ ®, [¡W¤`¡W¥JI¦ ¬W M ¨§Y³M¡6£Nµ[¢¬W¦ Mµt¦ ¨ ¢ ¢[²Y¡W¤r I¨ M¡®]´[¤c¡W¥J¤c[¬W¬W¡W¡¥ I¥8¡M¢¨ ªB¨§Y [¨ ¨ ¤c«+§¡W¡W¤c¬6³M¢¥8¤p ¢¶ ¤ ¥8[¨§h¥z¨ ¢]§O¥8¬6¨ £N¡L¨ [¡Lª¨ ¡W¦ «¢ª ¡W~«[¨ [Iµ[¡W²r¬W¤c¥8¥z¡kI¨ «¨¢§{[²¥ [ I¡W¬W¡W¤c¢N¥8¡p¦t ¤` I¥¥J¡§c[ «I«@¨ [£§¡6¨ ¢§ ¬W¨ ¢¨ ¡W¥J

(94) ¡W¦y¢§¡Wª¤b¦ I£N¥ ¨¢t[¬W§¢¡8¡k§µ[¤B§hµ ¨§B [`§¡W [¡W¤c¡M¬6¡B¤c£N¢µ[¢¤u¦ §¡¦ µ[Y¥J [¡W[¨¡W¬W«.¤ & I¥8¢¢t¤c¤ §¡vL¡ [§c§¨ µ ¨ ¦ , [c¡¦ §h&[¡W¨ ¬6§u´[`¢¤c§ ¢N¤h[ªb§ ¡8µ§r§ [¨¥W¢N¡WI¤c¡[ I¥8¡£¦¢³¦ ¦ µ[¨ ¥J[ ¤ ¡ [¡W¥J¡W¦ ¤ ª¢ªY¢£¤ {¢¦ µ[¨§t¡W I¡W¡¤`¨ ³M ¥Jb¨ ²

(95) ¢¤c¤¡8§¡W¢NµI£N¤`¨ ¤c¬W¢¡W[²~³M¦ ¨ [¡W¡M¬W²µ[¨ t¦ µ[¡W¤c¤`¡WI²i¥W§¨´[¢N¢I¤b¥8`¦§¥8¥8¬6I«

(96) ¨ £N¨ ¤`¡W¨ ¡8¬W§B¤c¡W¥8¥z[¨ «L¢ ´[¤c¢ª¡8 [§6¨ ¬W§h¨ L¢[¢8¥8¦¥J¥¦r§[§¡W¢¥J¬W¤c¨ ¥¦ ¨ ¢N I,¨ ¦ §W¥8¶ I¤`¢´[¨ ¬v¨ t¡W¤`³M¡W«[¨ ¥8¤c¨ ¡8§

(97) ¥J[«[²p³M¢¤c¡ N¡WI¡W¤`¥J¦ [²p¥J¦ [¨ I«]§

(98) ¢ªMª¢µ[[«I¥W¨ ¢N,§ ¤c¥8t ³M¬W¢¥ µ[[¨ ¤c¨ ¡8²Y§ ¬WI¢¤`¡WÍ¬W¥8¢Nµ]¤c¥z§¡M¡¢ [¤B¡ {¢´[ [¡W¥z¤c£N¥W¡¨ I¡W¡W{¥8¤c¤c¡M¡W´[¦ ¤c¡8¡8§6§§§¡W[«{µI³ªb¢¡W¤¤c¢¬Wµ]¡W§¨ µ[

(99) ¤c¨ ®,¡8§z¤c¥8¶ [¬W¡W¡ª¢ [¤c¡{¥J

(100) ¯W° ¨

(101) [¢J² [ I¡W¤B¡W¤`¨ ¡ I«[µ]¥§u§¤`[¨ ¥8¢ ¦ ¦«[¥ ¥z&¨ ¢]¤cµ[§Y¦ ¨ M®]¢J¤c£N¥J¡W[¤c¬W[¡¨ ¶ .ªb¢NµI[«[¥W¨ ¢]§B¥8I«M¢«[¥ M [¡W¤c¡¡ [¨ §ur¦ ¡8§§ [¥8L± .¨ [«[¡W´[¡WI«[¡Wrª¢µ[ 7. . 9. 7. .

(102) . . . . . . . /. #. %. . . . $. '&. . !(. . +. ". ). . . . !. *. . . . ,. -. . . . . . &. ).. . 0. /. 21. .

(103) -. . . '. . 43. . 8). 5. 6.. /. (. . 7. )8. ). ). . . . . . 3. . . . . $. . ,. . >. . ). ;. <. . . . !&. (.

(104) . 9. . :. (. . ). ,. ). ). . . =$. . ?. $. . . $. . @. . . . . :. A. $. . . . B. .

(105) . . 0$. 4?. . *. *. . . (. C1. . )". !. . 7.

(106) Q?[a^DUVE_O

(107) Z.\0_aZ OG^Dbgfh_cS.êO

(108) ^0Y.\0S Y.bXY,R O

(109) bgfà_md

(110) ^0\_cb O6i.UkXk6C Group. J. Culture and recreation Education and research Health Social services Total (the first 4 groups) Environment Development and housing Civic and advocacy associations Philanthropic intermediaries International activities Professional associations, unions Total (the last 6 groups) TOTAL. Number of organisations (SIRENE file) % of total 41.6 % 15.7 % 2.4 % 20.7 %. Operating Expenditures % of total 15.5 % 24.8 % 14.5 % 32.8 %. FTE employment % of total. Volunteering % of total. 12.1 % 20.7 % 15.5 % 39.7 %. 46.7 % 8.9 % 3.4 % 15.7 %. 80.4 %. 87.6 %. 88.0 %. 74.7 %. 3.2 %. 1.0 %. 1.0 %. 8.7 %. 3.8 %. 4.4 %. 5.5 %. 4.0 %. 6.1 %. 2.6 %. 1.9 %. 1.8 %. 0.0 %. 0.3 %. 0.0 %. 1.1 %. 0.4 %. 1.3 %. 1.8 %. 3.0 %. 6.1 %. 2.9 %. 1.8 %. 6.6 %. 19.6 %. 12.4 %. 12.0 %. 25.3 %. 100 %. 100 %. 100 %. 100 %.

(111)

(112) . 5,(#"0- "$&% '(*)+,(-'.%/'01324 5-3% "6. ·V w ^cZ V,QYs|~TWV[qYg mzgid,fhgYZ{d[YZ[TWV,^c^_cvqidT6fhV,QiXIZ{d,fhgYZLfugYTWZ[Z

(113) VJdTOmzd,oiTWX[Z,m d,_`QYX[dZ(d,kfhgYZRUTWZ[QYX[gQYdQ~qiTWd,_bf+mzZ[XfhdT[Mq~o w ^c_cXhoiQYsr_cQY|i\4qYTW_YV[fhZZ[V,TWQiZIs _cQYX[dkZ&V,QYsqiTW_YVIfhZ&|r_Y_cQi|jl_bfhg ,LqYZ[T{X[ZIQrfLd,fhgYZkfhd,fhV,û\q~o w ^c_cXTWZ]mzd,oiTWX[Z,m gYVYZ

(114) V{^cV,TW|rZLqiTWZtqidQYsrZ[TWV,QYX[Z]\YXIdk_cQi|+qiTW_ckV,TW_`^x+TWd mWdX[_cV,^>mzZ[XoYTW_fxY\YmWZ[X[dQYs~^ x 6TWd XIZ[Q~fuTWV,^{|~d[YZ[TWQYkZ[Q~f¹V,QYsi\L^cVm6f w orf{QYd,f{^cZ[Vm6f\OTWd ^cdX[V,^

(115) |rd[YZ[TWQYkZIQrfmt BTW_ YVIfhZ&Z[V,TWQiZIs(_cQiXIdkZ&X[d[YZ[T8mkmz^c_`|~g~fu^x¸kdTWZfhgiV,QSdQiZfhgY_cTWs(d,LfugYZfhd,fuV,^.TWZ] mzd,oiTWX[Z,m[X[dkZ[TWX[_cV,^.TWZ]mWd,oYTWX[Z]mv4_ Z6Z[Z]m8\X[gYV]TW|~Z]m

(116) V,QYs"mzV]^cZ])m C"V,TWZvfhgiZkV]_cQ XIdvqidQYZ[Q~f\~d^c^cd,@ZIs w xkkZI w Z[T8mWgY_bqs oiZ]mMV,QYsv_cQYV]^c^xY\YV[fBV.YZ[Thxv^cd, ^`ZJYZ[^h\ w x _cQYZ]m}fuZ[Q~fO_cQYX[dkZ UTW_YVIfuZ|r_Y_cQi|_hmL^`d,k_bfMX[d[YZ[T8mLdQY^Dx 5 qiZ[TLX[Z[Q~fd,MfhgYZ fhd,fhV,ÛTWZ]mzd,oiTWX[Z,mMd,fhgiZLRBTWZ[QYX[gQYdQ~qiTWd,6_fpmWZIXfhdT8\YdQYZ

(117) giV,^bpX[dk_cQY|TWd_cQYsr_Y_csi oYV]^4X[dQ~fuTW_ w o~fu_cdQm8\fhgYZd,fhgYZ[TgiV,^b@XIdk_cQi|TWd X[dT6qYdTWV[fhZk|~_ Y_cQY|dT{m}qidQmWdT8 mzgY_qB 7. 7. Q?[a^p QXY hNeO

(118) Q6RTS ]VEbXZOG\0^debgf OG^ 0^0Y.Z.^Dbgfh_cS.^DY.bXY,R O

(119) bgfà_ d

(120) ^0\_cb OeàY eO

(121) QXY.\0^Gi#UkXk6C . . Source. Amount (FF million). %. Public. 166,000. 58%. Private. 121,000. 42%. - earned. 99,000. 34,5%. - giving. 22,000. 7,5%. TOTAL. 287,000. 100%. Private earned 35% Public sector 58% Private giving 7%. ·¢ gYµ[_u¤cm¬W¡ m6o~h¢qr [qi]d§ T6f¢Nm}´ fu[T6¨ oY,X§ fcoi¢TWZ[´[¤c_h¢mª¨ f xqY¡W_`¬6XI¢V]¤ ^d,¢+³MjS´[¥8¤cZ]¥zm}fu¨ £ZI¡ TWQe¤c¢ nph¡WoY¬6TW d,qiZ[ [V,¥Q §h¡ XId,oiQ~fhTW_`Z,m.·pV w ^cZ mzgYd,DmOfhgiVIffhgYZ{QYdQ~qiTWd,_bfmWZIXfhdT8m.d,MV]^c^jSZ]m6fhZ[TWQnoiTWd,qiZIV]Q&X[d,oYQ~fuTW_cZ]m4_cQYX[^boisrZIs _cQ<fhgYZ(8dgYQm

(122) d,qraY_`Qm dvqiV,TWVIfu_YZ{dQ~qiTWd,_bfrZ[XfhdTUTWdW8Z[Xtf C Z[~X[ZqrfdT qiV,_`Q C+V,TWZL|rd[YZ[TWQYkZ[Q~fsrdk_cQYV]Q~fU_cQvfhgYZ[_cToiQYsr_cQY|km6fhT6oiXfcoYTWZ,RUTWV]QYX[ZLTWV,QramV[f V^cd,DVNYZITWV]|~ZqidrmW_bfh_cdQlV,kdQY|fhgYZ]mWZ&XId,oiQ~fhTW_`Z,m[fugYZ&TWZ[^cVIfh_ YZmzgYV]TWZd,q~o w ^c_cX oiQYsr_cQY|(_hmkmWV]^c^cZ[T

(123) fhgYV,Q(_bf_hm{_cQ(P6TWZ[^cV,QisY\ OZI^`|~_boi\ Z[TWkV,QxdT

(124) fhgYZk{ZtfugYZ[T8 ^cV,QYsim8\ w o~fUgY_`|~gYZ[TfhgYV]Q_fB_um_cQ 1 om6fhTW_cV

(125) V]QYsfhgiZ k . %.

(126). $. . . #.. 'A. 5. CCA. . . 5.

(127) Q?[a^ ]VEbXZOG\0^debgfhY.bXY,R O

(128) bgfà_mO

(129) ^ 0^0Y.Z.^*?A> \0bXZ.Y#_OB> UkXk6C gUk 6\0bXZ.Y._ 1O >6Q 0^,O

(130) Q.^ . . Fee-dominant Mexico Peru Australia Japan Finland US Slovakia Hungary Romania Spain Government-dominant Ireland Belgium Germany Israel Netherlands France Austria UK Czech Republic TOTAL. Private earned. Public sector. Private giving. 85% 68% 62% 62% 58% 57% 56% 55% 54% 49%. 9% 19% 31% 34% 36% 31% 21% 27% 11% 32%. 6% 13% 6% 3% 6% 13% 23% 18% 36% 19%. 15% 18% 32% 26% 36% 35% 44% 45% 40% 47%. 78% 77% 64% 64% 60% 58% 50% 47% 43% 42%. 7% 5% 3% 10% 2% 7% 6% 9% 18% 11%. ·¢ gYµ[Zk¤c¬W¡d[YZ[¥8TW¦ V,¥8^`³M^M¢X[d¥J+[«Mqidr¥8¦bmW¶ _bhfh¢_cd [Q]§ d,.¢N´fhgi[Z¨ ,§ TWZ]mW¢d,[oY´[TW¤cX[¢Z]ª¨ m

(131) d,¡W4¬6fu¢gY¤ Zv¢RB³MTWZ[´[QY¥8¤cX[¥zg¨ £fu¡ gY_cTW¤c¢sh¡WmW¬6ZI X{fhd¯WT°[° gY_csrZ]mLV

(132) _csrZ&TWV,QY|rZ&d,

(133) hoYQis~_cQi|½qiVIf`fhZ[TWQmvV,kdQY|fhgiZsr_bh6Z[TWZ[Q~fV,Xfh_ Y_bfh_cZ]m8\Vm|rTWVIqig mzgYd,Dm_bfWU

(134) Z[V,^bfug\Z[s oiX[VIfh_`dQ¸V]QYs(mWdX[_cV,^mWZIThY_`XIZ]mV]TWZfhgiZdQi^x_cQis om}fuTW_cZ]m@qiTWZ] s~dk_cQYV[fhZ[^x hoiQYsrZIs w x qro w ^c_cX(kdQYZ8xY\LfhgYZ8x<V]TWZ¸V]^hmW d bX[^cdrmWZITfud¸fhgYZ

(135) Z[^bV,TWZ m}fhV[fh

(136) Z LfhgYZ[T

(137) V,Xfh_ Y_bfh_cZ]m{mzgYd,V|rTWZ[VIfhZ[T.YV,TW_`Ztf×xd,4mzd,oiTWX[Z,mLd,4m}orq~qidT6f8YqYgi_c^cV,Q fhgYTWd,qi_cX<_`Q~fhZ[TWkZIsr_cV]TW_cZ]m¸V,TWZ kV,_cQi^x)_cQYV]QYX[ZIs w x |r_Y_cQY|:

(138) gY_c^`Z<X[dkkZITWX[_cV]^ TWZ,mWd,oiTWXIZ]m¸qiTWd[Y_csrZ<dT¸Xoi^bfcoiTWZ<V]QYs TWZ[X[TWZ[VIfh_`dQ\srZ8YZI^`d,qYkZ[Q~fV,Qis gYd,omz_`QY|Y\ ZIQyY_cTWdQYkZ[Q~fV]QYs)qiTWd,Z]mJmW_cdQYV]^&Vm8mzdX[_cV[fh_cdQmRUdT(X[_Y_cX Vm8mzdX[_cV[fh_cdQmq~o w ^c_cX oiQYsr_cQY|eV]QYseX[dkZ[TWX[_cV,^{TWZ]mzd,oiTWX[Z]mV,TWZ w V]^cV,QYX[Z[seV,QisSfhgYZ(mWV,kZ_hmvfhT6oiZdT _cQ~fhZ[TWQYV[fh_cdQYV]^&V,Xfh_Y_bfu_cZ]m½

(139) giZITWZeqro w ^c_`X hoiQYs~_`QY|&X[d_`QY|:V]_cQY^xTWd fhgYZ noiTWd,qYZ[V]Q @QY_cdQBV,QisqYTW_ YVIfhZ|~_Y_`QY|vV,TWZ w V,^cV]QYX[Z[s . . . %. 9. L. .

(140). $. . . #.. 'A. 5. . .

(141) NPOGQ6RTSVD^ 0^Y#Z.^dGbXZ OG\0^d ?A>hdGZ?Xd

(142) ^0\0_ab O6i.UkXk6C. Health Education and research Social services Civic and advocacy associations International activities Development and housing Environment Culture and recreation Professional associations, unions Philanthropic intermediaries 0%. 10%. 20%. 30%. Public. . 40%. 50%. 60%. Private earned. 70%. 80%. 90%. 100%. Private giving. ¢µ[¤c¬W¡ h¢ []§ ¢N´ [¨ ,§ ¢[´[¤c¢ª¨ ¡W¬6¢¤ ¢³M´[¥8¤c¥z¨ £¡ ¤c¢ h¡W¬6 [¥§h¡ r¶ %.

(143). .

(144) 6. . . $. '(# " % 1"6,. #.. 'A. 5. . CCA.

(145)

(146) A

(147) . "$ % '(*)+3,(-'. % '(B24 -3%/"6. .Zfc

(148) Z[Z[Q(644

(149) KkV,QYs"6447r\~QYdQ~qiTWd,_bfUZIvqi^cd[x~kZ[Q~fUgYVymMmzgid,

(150) QkV

(151) TWVIqi_csv|rTWd,Lfhgkd, KvqiZITXIZ[Q~f\iTWd L

(152) K r\ KK,v K fhde4

(153) JiK \MK,K,+ K RU·n(

(154) V,|rZ]Z[V,TWQiZIT8mr·gi_hmTWZ]m}oi^bfU_hmQid,fhZ].

(155) dT6fhgx w ZIX[V[omWZsoiTW_cQY|¸fugYZmWV,kZqiZ[TW_cdsfhd,fhV,^Z[+qi^cd[xrZ[Q~f@gYVmvsrZ[XI^`_cQYZ[s w x dQYZ¸qiZ[TX[Z[Q~fW

(156) ·pgYZ(fhTWZ[QYsd,&QidQ~qYTWd,_bfZ[vqY^`d[x~kZ[Q~f 2644

(157) KYa4 7 gYVymmWZ8YZITWV]^ XIV[omWZ]mI [¥µI¢§Y¤`¤`¨¨ ¡WI¢JL¬W£¤`¡W¡W [¤`¥²I¨§h§¡W¡W³«I´[²¡WÍ¤c¦ [¨¢ ¢¨[§~«³M¤c¢N¡W¡Wª[y« ¨ I³[¥N¡W¡W§Y²Y[«[¡W³M¡Wª¨¬W¥8`¦ ¦§¨ ¡.[[¡W¡W«M¢³M[[´[´[¢J¦ ¤c¢y¢t¢ª³M¨[y¦ ¡W¡W³M¨BM´[ [¦ ¥ ¢¥N[§¤c³¨ «[¬W¡W¡Wµ[t¬W¦ ¦ µ[¨ I¤c¡W¡B [« ¥8¨ ¬W[ M«M [¨ ³M§¨ ¦ ¡M¥8M[ª¡WµI´[³Mª¡W¥8¥8¤r¬6¦ ¬W¡MµI¡W¤`¡W¨ ³Mª´[¡W¦[³M¢ µ[¥J³M¦ ¡¥8¡W¶¦§h¢ ¨³M{¥8¬W¤ ¢[³M¡6U³¢¡W¤¤c¬W[¨ ¢¥8 ¦Yb¥8³MI¥8«{¤ [ª¡6¨ [²r¥J[ I¬W¥W¨£N¥J¡.¦§§h [¡W¤b¢ £N¨ ¬W

(158) ¡.¥ ¥J¬6¤c¨ £¢ ¨B¨ ¡8

(159) §W¶ ¨

(160) [¡W³M¦ {´[¤c¦ ¡W¢ ¦ [¥z³M¨ ¢¡W[¥Jh¶¦§h¡W¢N¤bI£N´[¨ ¬W¤c¡M¢Nªb¥8¨ ¬6¢¨ £N¤ ¨ ¥8¨ ¡8[§¨²r§h¥z¡W¨ ¨¢ []¡W§¤ ´[¯W°[¤c¢J° £N{¨ «[µ[¡³M¨ ¦¥8¨ ¯W[°[¦ O°]±D¤c¡W¢¦ ¥W[¡.¨ ¢[ [¥8¥J¦¦ ªB§h¡W [¤b¥N£§ ¨ ¬W[¡8¡W§ ¡WN

(161) ¢µ¬Wr¤c¡W¢¥zªB¡W¯8«

(162) ± [¨ L² [¡.¢ §¢]¬W§¨ ¥J¬W¦i¤`¡W§¥z¡W¤¡W£« ¨ ¬W¡8M§¥8 [[¡B«

(163) [¢¨[¤c¡.«§§¨¡W¬6

(164) ¢N¤Y¨ Lªb¤`¢ [³ ¡ ¬W®,µ[¨ [¦ ¥8µ[¦ ¤c[¡U²~¥J[ [«M¡M¤c¡W I¬W¨ ¤`¤c¡W«¹¥z§¨ ¡W¢¬6.¢§¤µ ] [§¥N¡W§¬6´[¢N¦ ¤6¥ ¶ [¡W«

(165) ¥.Í¨ ¢[¡W¡W¤c¨ ¤c¢¦ ¡¨ L [¡M¦ ¥ [¢µ[¤B³M¥8¤ [¡6´[¢¦ ¨ ¬W¨ ¡8§¥N§ ¡ ¨ ¦ ]§¡W¡U [¡W¤c¡W¥Jª¡W¤6¶ I

(166) oYTW_cQi|fhgiZ4,4

(167) KYa 4 qiZ[TW_cdsY\YYdôYQ~fuZIZ[T.

(168) dT6agYVymL|~TWd,@QVm6fhZ[T4fugYV,Q&qYV]_cs&Z[ qY^cd[xrkZIQrf\@_bfhg&V@KqiZ[TMX[ZIQrfVYZ[TWV]|~Z

(169) V]QYQ~oiV,^B|rTWd,LfugBrPfmMgY_c|rgYZ]m6f|rTWd,LfhgTWVIfhZ 37. 3. . :. >. . 8. :. :. . . . . $. . $. ). . . . . . . . )". :. 9" . 6. '5 . . . . (). .

(170) . . . $. @. 37. 4.

(171) gYVm

(172) dX[XtoiTWTWZ[s_`QfhgYZmWdXI_`V,^.mWZ[ThY_cX[Z,m

(173) _cQYsom}fhThx 1 |rV,_`Qm}ffhgYZ w V,Xai|~TWd,oiQYsd,MfhgYZ s~Z[ZqYZ[QY_`QY|d,srZqYTWZ]m8mz_cdQ\Yd^boiQ~fhZ[Z[TL

(174) dT6a"VIqrqiZIV]T8mDVymDVk

(175) VNxfhdd w fhV,_cQTWZ]m}oi^bfm TWVIqi_cs~^ xvVIffhgYZ^cdX[V,^^cZ8YZ[^h\

(176) gi_c^cZ4qro w ^c_cX4qid^c_cX[_cZ]mV[q~qiZ[V,Tfhd w ZL_cQYZh_cX[_cZ[Q~f ·pgYZ[TWZkgYVm w Z[ZIQ"^c_bfcfh^`ZX[gYV]QY|rZ_`QfhgYZkX[dvqYdrmW_bfh_cdQ"d,4fugYZvQYdQ~qiTWd,_bfOmzZ[XfhdT

(177) _bfhgi_cQ_YZ@x~Z[V,T8@m :BVymLkZIQrfh_cdQYZ[s w ZdTWZ,\fugYZqiTWZtqidQYsrZ[TWV,QYX[Z{d,.mWdX[_cV,^pmWZ[ThY_cX[Z,m gYVmkZJYZ[Q w Z[Z[Qe_cQYX[TWZ[VmWZ[s·gYZ"m6fhT6oYXfcoiTWZd,vTWZ8YZ[Q~oiZmWd,oYTWX[Z]mmWgYd,Dm+V"mW^c_c|rg~f fhTWZ[QYs¸fhd,@V,TWsimfhgYZqiTW_YVIfh_umzV[fh_cdQSd,{TWZ]mWd,oYTWX[Z]m[V^c_bfcfh^`Z&^cZ]mJmqro w ^c_`XoiQYsr_cQY|i\MV ^c_bfcfh^`ZSkdTWZSZ[V,TWQiZIsº_cQYX[dkZ 1 |~V]_cQm6ffugYZ w V]Xtai|rTWd,oYQYs d,kfhgYZ(TWZ]m}oi^bfm&d,kfhgYZ JdgYQm@@d,q~ai_cQm d+qiV,TWV[fh_YZv{dQ~qiTWd,_bfLrZ[XfhdT4UTWdW8Z[Xtf\fhgYZd^c^cd,@_cQY|mWZ[Xtfu_cdQ

(178) _c^c^dXtomMdQgYd,ºQYdQ~qiTWd,_bfdTW|rV,Qi_hmzV[fh_cdQmMV]TWZ

(179) V,Xfh_YZ[^xvdTW_`QY|kVDqiV,T6fhQiZIT8mWgY_bq

(180) _bfhgvqro w ^`_cXLZ[Q~fh_fh_cZ]mJ\im}qiZ[XI_6_`XIV]^c^xv_cQkgYZ[V]^bfhgkdTMmWdX[_cV,ÛmWZ[ThY_cX[Z,m .

(181)

(182)

(183) !#"$%&'$( )*",+-./0 1 2*3

(184) 4 5!6&.5

(185). RBdTpfhgYZLfc@dv^cVm6fsrZ[X[V,srZ,mMQYdQrqYTWd,_bf>dTW|~V]QY_hmWVIfh_cdQmOgiVYZ w Z[Z[QvqYV]T6fhQYZ[T8md,>V

(186) QYZ

(187) Z[^bV,TWZvk_c·pds~VNx fugYZ8x qi^cVNxV]^hmWdV,Q_cQYX[TWZ[VmW_cQY|&TWd^`Zv_cQ&^cV w d,oYT.kV,T6aiZfqYd^c_u XI_`Z,m LLX[d,oiT8mzZ]\BfhgYZ]mWZ+f`

(188) dqid_cQ~fm

(189) V,TWZk^c_cQraYZ[sRUTWV,QiXITZ C¹zom6f.Vm Z[TWkV,Qx C_hm |~Z[QYZ[TWV,^`^x X[gYV,TWV]XfhZ[TW_hmzZ[sVm¸VºXIdT6qidTWVIfu_hm}f

(190) Z[^bV,TWZ m6fhV[fhZ 2unOm}qi_cQY| 1 QYsrZ[T8mzZ[Q\ 4,4>K 7 p_cQSdTWsrZ[TfhdV]6X 8 oi_cTWZmWdXI_`V,^LTW_`|~g~fmJ\MV,Q(_cQis~_Y_`s oiV,^.gYVymDfhdgYVYZk

(191) dT6aiZIs qYTWZ8Y_cd,omz^ xsoiTW_cQY|V¹_`QY_cvoY soYTWV[fh_cdQBi·gYZ[TWZdTWZ]\_cQm6oYX[g&V@Z[^bV,TWZ¹mxim}fhZ[ ^cdQY|iufhZ[TW oiQYZ[+qi^cd[xrZ[Q~f@kZIV]QmqYd[YZ[T6fxl

(192) VIfLfugYZmzV]kZfhd,aiZ[Q½fugYZV]XIX[Z]m8mDfhd fhgYZL^`V w d,oiT8kV,T6aiZfBTWZqiTWZ]mzZ[Q~fmfhgYZ4aiZ8xdTMmWdX[_cV,^TW_c|rg~fm 9. .

(193) . '( . 4:. ("6 % B"6,4"$&%/'0#,("6,(3"$. 6 3% ( "1B-1. 47. 98. %+"6 66,(B% B"6,( 1,.1 ("(. I

(194) oYTW_cQi|»fugYZe^cVm6ff`

(195) dsrZ[XIV]s~Z]m8\vQYdQ~qiTWd,6_f&dTW|rV,QY_hmWVIfu_cdQmgYVYZ. mzZ[XoiTWZIs fhgYZ[_cT qYdrmW_bfh_cdQ"u@_bfhgY_`QdTd,o~fmW_csrZDfugYZDTWV]Z@dT6a&d,pq~o w ^c_cX{^cV w d,oiT.kV,T6aiZtfqid^c_cX[_cZ]m _cQdTWsrZ[TfhdvgYZ[^bq m6qYZ[X[_b_cX

(196) X[VIfuZI|rdTW_cZ]mMd,oYQiZIvqi^cd[x~Z[svqiZId,qi^cZLfhd¹ZIQrfhZ[TdTpTWZ]Z[Q~fhZ[T _cQvfhgYZL^`V w d,oiTkV,T6aiZfW

(197) QYZ{d,pfhgYZ¹m}fhTWV[fhZ[|~_`Z,m.d,qro w ^c_cX{^cV w d,oiT.V]T6aYZfqid^c_cX8xTWd 4,4B

(198) dQ~

(199) V]TWsYm oYQ~fu_c^BfhdsrVxgYVym w Z[Z[Qfhdkd,h6Z[TMqiV,T6fcfh_ckZX[d^c^`ZIXfh_ YZ,co~fu_c^c_bfxJd w mMfhd{x~d,oiQY|oiQYZ[ qY^cd[xrZ[sqiZId,qi^cZ{dTMfhdvfhgYZ{^cdQY|iufhZ[TW oiQYZ[+qi^cd[xrZIsr·giZL

(200) V,|rZ w _c^cÛ_hmqYV]_cskkV,_cQY^ x w xfhgYZ|rd[YZ[TWQYkZ[Q~f.V,Qismhx~ w d^c_cX[V]^c^x w x&fhgYZkTWZ[X[_bqY_`ZIQrf.dTW|~V]QY_hmWVIfh_`dQ C w Zk_bfOV q~o w ^c_cXvV]|~Z[QYX8xi\BV^`dXIV]^X[dvoiQY_bfxdT4V¹QYdQ~qiTWd,6_fpdTW|~V]QY_hmWVIfh_cdQUY·pgYZ8d w vom6f 9. jK.

(201) QYd,f

(202) X[dvqYZfhZ@_bfhglV,Qx(TWZ[| oi^cV,T{qYV]_cskJd w :pfhTWV,_cQi_cQY|(V,QYslm6o~qiZ[ThY_hmW_cdQ(V,TWZfud w Z ZIQm}oiTWZ[s w x&fhgYZkTWZ[XI_qY_cZ[Q~fdTW|rV,QY_hmWVIfu_cdQV]QYs&gYV]^b.d,MfhgiZ

(203) dT6aiZ[T cm4fh_ckZv_um4fhd w Z s~Z8Yd,fhZ[sfhdJd w mzZ[V,TWX[gV,QYsX[dQ~fh_cQ~oi_cQY|Z[s oiX[VIfh_cdQU

(204) Qis~Z[TMfhgYZ]mWZvm6qYZ[X[_b_cX{X[dQYs~_u fh_cdQmLQYdQrqYTWd,_bfdTW|~V]QY_hmWVIfh_`dQm4gYVNYZX[TWZ[VIfuZIskV,QxL8d w m8\ w orfpZJYV]^boiVIfh_cdQm6fcois~_`Z,m mzgYd,:fhgiVIf\BV[fuZIT.fhgYZvgiZI^qYZ[s&X[dQ~fhTWV]XtfmJ\BkV,Qyxd,fhgYZqiV,T6fh_`XI_qYV]Q~fmLd,pfhgYZ]mzZ

(205) qiTWdr |~TWV]kZ]mV,^`^ w V]Xak_cQ~fhd

(206) oiQYZ[+qi^cd[xrZ[Q~f} PQe644

(207) 5fugYZ]mzZ{X[d^c^cZ[Xfh_YZ]uorfh_c^c_fxL8d w m4gYVNYZ w Z[X[dkZTWZ]mWZIThYZ[sk6dTmWZ8YZITWZ¹mWdr XI_`V,^.X[VmWZ,m{V,QYs_`Q64,4Lr\kdTWZL8d w Em C(V]^hmzd&qiV,_cskV]_cQY^x w xfhgiZ|rd[YZITWQiZ[Q~f4 7

(208) QiXIZ&kdTWZ]\QYdQ

(209) Z[TWZ&d,h6Z[TWZ[sfhd 8oYV]^c_b_cZ[sx~d,oiQY|qYZ[d,qi^cZ 2 qYTWd,_bfpdTW|rV,QY_umzV[fh_cdQm.V,XfhZ[sVym4Z[vqY^cd[xrZ[T8mOdTMfhgYZ]mzZ [\ 1 hfhZ[TfhgYTWZ[Z x~Z[V,T8m

(210) d,ZIr_hm6fhZ[QYX[Z]\QYdQrqYTWd,_bf.dTW|rV,Qi_hmzV[fh_cdQm

(211) V,TWZvfhgiZkV]_cQZ[vqY^cd[xrZ[T8mDd,MfugYZ]mzZ Jd w m8\~VIhfhZ[Tq~o w ^c_cX@mzX[gYddûmV,QYs¹|,xrQiVmW_boYmV]QYs w ZdTWZ4fhgiZ4qid^c_cX[Z4dTWX[Z ·pgYZQYdQ~qiTWd,6_f{dTW|~V]QY_hmWVIfh_cdQmgYVNYZV]X 8oi_cTWZ[s¸V&qidrmz_bfu_cdQSVymO8d w qiTWd[Y_csrZIT8m V,^hmWdd,orfmW_cs~Z{fhgYZTWV,kZ

(212) dT6ad,q~o w ^c_cXv^`V w d,oiT4kV]T6aYZfqid^c_cX[_cZ]mtrRUTWd fhgiZZ[V,TW^ x 4,L>KimdQ~@V,TWsimMmWdZQYdQ~qiTWd,_bfUdTW|~V]QY_hmWVIfh_cdQmgYVYZ@m}qiZ[X[_cV,^c_umzZ[sv_cQ [_cQ~fuZI|rTWVIfu_cdQ fhgYTWd,oi|~gV]QZIX[dQYdk_cX V,Xfh_ Y_bfxY\kX[V,^c^cZ[s &2_cQ~fuZI|rTWVIfu_cdQ ZIQrfhZ[T6qYTW_hmWZ]m 7 dT e2h_cQ~fhZ[TWkZ[s~_cV]ThxVymJmWdX[_cVIfh_`dQm 7 B·pgYZ eqYTWd[Y_csrZ|rddsYmkdTmzZ[ThY_cX[Z]m_cQeV]Xfh_Y_bfh_`Z,mkZ[_bfhgYZ[Tkd[YZ[T8 ^cdd,aYZ[s w x&m}fuV,QYsrV,TWs w omW_cQYZ]m8mzZ]m4dT._cQ&X[dvqiZtfu_bfh_cdQ@_bfhgfugYZ[ :rfhgYZ m}orqrqY^x fuZIvqidTWV,Thx0kV,QrqYd,@ZIT fud QYdQkV]T6aYZf:Z[vqY^`d[x~Z[T8mJ\ gYd,omWZ[gYd^csimJ\.QYdQ~qiTWd,_bf{dTW|~V]QY_hmWVIfh_`dQmdTvqro w ^c_`XV]|~Z[QYX[_cZ]m@d,

(213) Z8YZ[T8\6dT w d,fhg dTW|~V]QY_hmWVIfh_cdQmJ\fhgiZvkV,_cQd w JZ[Xfh_YZ¹_hm4fhdgiZI^q&fhgYZvkdrm6f.mWZ8YZITWZ[^x&srZqYTW_YZ[sqiZ[dr qY^cZkfhd{Jd_cQfhgiZkV,_cQm}fhTWZ[V] V,QiskVx w ZkfhdZIQrfhZ[TDfhgiZ&m6fhV,QYsrV,TWs^cV w d,oYT

(214) kV,T6aiZf fhgYTWd,oi|~g(fhTWV,_cQi_cQY|qYTWd|rTWV,mvV,Qis¸dQufhgYZ] Jd w fuTWV,_cQY_`QY|p·pgYZ]mzZ&sr_cTWZ[Xf

(215) V]|~Z[Q~fmvd, ZIvqi^cd[x~kZ[Q~fqid^c_cX[_cZ]m4srZ[V,^B@_bfhgkYZ[Thxsr_bh6_`Xtoi^bfpZ[X[dQYdk_cX{V,QYs mzdX[_cV]^pmz_bfòYV[fh_cdQm[ oYQm6ai_c^c^cZ[slmzX[gYdd^s~TWd,qd,orfm8\qYd,fhZ[Q~fu_cV,^.dT

(216) 6dTWkZ[T{s~Z[^c_cQ 8 oiZ[Q~fm8\V,^cX[dgYd^`_cX]mV,QYs s~T6oi|YhV,srs~_`Xtfmt¹·gYZ kV,_cQTWZ]mWd,oYTWX[Z d,&fhgYZ]mWZeQYdQ~qiTWd,6_f&dTW|rV,QY_hmWVIfu_cdQm_hmfhgYZ qYTWdsoYXf>d,BfhgYZ[_cTpZ[X[dQYdk_cXLV]Xtfu_Y_bfx w orffhgYZ4fu_ckZ

(217) m6qYZ[Q~ffhd

(218) fhTWV,_`QdTd^c^cd,DuorqvfhgYZ VIqrqYTWZ[Q~fh_`XIZ]mL_hmLX[dvqiZIQmzV[fhZ[s w x fuV,&dTmzdX[_cV]^X[dQ~fhTW_ w orfh_cdQ&Xorfm4V]QYs w x|rTWV,Qrfmt nYV]^boYV[fh_cdQm6fcois~_cZ]mmzgYd,ºfhgYVIffugYZ [_cQrfhZ[|~TWV[fh_cdQfhgYTWd,oi|rg&V,QZ[X[dQYdk_cX

(219) V]Xtfu_Y_bfx dTW|~V]QY_hmWVIfh_cdQmgYVYZ w Z[ZIQ(kdTWZZh_cX[_cZ[Q~f.fhgYV]QV,Qxd,fhgYZ[TLfhTWV]_cQY_cQY|&qiTWd|~TWV]kZ _cQfhgiZ4,L>Kim8\ w orfBfugYZ[_cT.mWXId,qiZL

(220) VymMTWZIsoiXIZ[s w xvfhgYZ

(221) srZIZqiZ[QY_cQY|vd,UfhgYZs~ZqiTWZ,m8mW_cdQ s oiTW_cQY|fhgiZvZ[V,TW^xl644

(222) KYm 2 V,TW_cV ]dr\.4,4L 7 PQe64,4Lr\BV pVIºfhdv6_`|~g~fpsrZ[Zqqid[ ZIT6f×xY\4qiTWZtqiV,TWZ[s w xSfhgYZ"|~d[YZ[TWQYkZ[Q~f{

(223) _bfhg6Lem}qiZ[XI_`V,^c_hmWZ[seQYdQ~qiTWd,_bfm8\Ls~Z[X[_csrZIs fhgYVIffhgYZ&Q~oi w Z[Td,@_cQ~fhZ[|rTWVIfh_cdQ(Z[Q~fhZ[T6qiTW_hmWZ,m{gYVmDfud w Zs~d,o w ^cZ[sV,QisqYTWd,qidrmWZIs _cQYX[TWZ[VmWZIs¹_cQYX[Z[Q~fh_YZ]m .Z8xrdQYsfhgi_hm4TWd^cZ{_cQfhgiZDqiTWd,Z,m8mW_cdQYV,^V]QYs&mWdX[_cV,Û_cQ~fhZ[|rTWVIfh_`dQd,TWV,_c^qYd,qro ^cVIfh_`dQmJ\&QYdQ~qiTWd,_bf(dTW|rV,QY_umzV[fh_cdQmSV]TWZV,^hmWd X[TWZ[VIfu_cQY|QYZ Jd w d,q~qidT6fcoiQY_bfh_`Z,m fhgYTWd,oi|~gvfhgYZ[_cTm6fhV,QYsrV,TWs¹V,Xfh_Y_bf×xk

(224) gYV[fhZ8YZITp_bfm6_`ZI^`s RUdT{ZIrV,vqi^cZ]m\ 8oY_bfuZTW6Z 8 oiZ[Q~fh^xQYdQ~qiTWd,6_f.dTW|~V]QY_hmWVIfh_`dQmDV]TWZv6d,oiQYsrZ[s w x ~ .

(225)

(226). 9.

(227)

(228).

(229)

(230) "!$#

(231) % %. &'

(232) (

(233) )* %& %'+

(234) , (.-!+ %&

(235). /0

(236)

(237) 1!$# +

(238) % %. &

(239) 2

(240) +) %&+% %

(241). (.-!+ %&

(242). . 43.

(243) x~d,oiQY|qYZ[d,qi^cZ&Z[V,|rZIT

(244) fhd w Z&mWZ[^b}Z[vqY^cd[xrZ[sdT w xdTWkZ[TZ[rZ[Xtorfh_YZ]mD@gYdgYVYZ mzdkZ{XIV[qY_fhV,^d,pfhgYZ[_cT.d,

(245) Q >dTfugYZLq~oiT6qidrmzZ

(246) d,fhZ]m6fh_cQY|kV w omW_cQYZ]m8mqYTWdW8Z[Xtf}~·pgYZ YZIThx mz_cvqi^cZ^cZ[|~V]^{m}fhV[fcomd,¹Vm8mzdX[_cV[fh_cdQmk_hm+omzZ[slVmV]Qe_cQYXo w VIfhdTvdTkZIQrfhZ[T8 qYTW_hmWZ]mI_bMfugYZqiTWdWJZ[XfqiTWd[YZ]m4fhd w ZLY_`V w ^cZ]\fugYZ w omz_`QYZ]mJm._cQ&s~_umz|oY_umzZ vV]XIgi_cZ8YZ,m Vkm}fuV,QYsrV,TWs w omW_cQYZ]m8m4^cZ[|rV,^pm6fhVIfcom8\_bf w Z[X[dkZ,m.VvX[dT6qYdTWV[fh_cdQdTM^c_ck_bfhZ[sk^c_cV w _c^c_bf×x ZIQrfhZ[T6qYTW_hmWZP6Q&fhgYZkmWV,kZvsr_cTWZ[Xfh_cdQ"mzdkZvVymJmWdX[_cVIfu_YZvdTLX[dd,qiZ[TWVIfh_YZ{_cQYXo w VIfhdT8m

(247) gYZ[TWZLX[TWZ[VIfuZIs{fhdZ[vqi^cd[xoYQiZIvqi^cd[x~Z[s

(248) xrd,o~fugB Morf.Z8YZ[QkdTWZk_cvqYdT6fhV]Q~fh^xi\QidQ~qYTWd,_bfOdTW|~V]QY_hmWVIfh_cdQmLgYVYZ w Z[Z[Q\BV]TWZvV,QYs

(249) _c^c^ w Zqi_cdQYZ[Z[T8m_cQ ZIqi^cdTW_cQY|eQYZ mWZIThY_`XIZ"V,Xfh_Y_bfu_cZ]mt.·pgYZ]mzZV,Xfh_ Y_bfh_cZ]mkVNx w ZIX[dkZ&Z[_bfhgYZ[TvkV]T6aYZf

(250) dT

(251) qro w ^c_`X&mWZIThY_`XIZ]mdT¹m6fhVx_cQfhgiZQYdQ~qiTWd,_bf@mzZ[XfhdTPQ fhgY_hmvX[dQ~fhZ[f

(252) V&qYTW_ckZ&Z[rV,vqY^`Z&_hmfhgYZ fugYVIf.

(253) VymVIf._cT8m6fV QYdQ~qiTWd,6_fMdTW|rV,QY_umzV[fh_cdQd,mzdX[_cV]^fud,oYTW_hmW&Y¼(dTWZ[d[YZ[T8\BV]QxqYTWd,Z]m8mz_cdQiV,^6dd,f w V,^c^vX[^bo w m

(254) Z[TWZ(_cQY_bfh_`V,^c^x QYdQ~qiTWd,_bfkdTW|rV,QY_hmWVIfu_cdQm4{Z m6ai_c^c^hm&V,TWZV]^hmWd¸TWZ] 8 oiZ[Q~fh^x¸fuZ,m6fhZ[s w x"Yd^boYQrfhZ[ZITv@dT6aSfcoiTWQY_cQY|l_cQ~fhdqiV,_cslZ[+qi^cd[xrZ[Q~f

(255) @gYZ[QSfhgYZ V,Xfh_Y_bf×xS_hm|rTWd,

(256) _`QY|Y\pYZ[ThxSd,hfhZ[QSfhgYTWd,oi|~gSqro w ^`_cXhoiQYsr_cQY|M·pgY_hmgiVm w Z[ZIQ(fhgYZ XIVymzZkdTvmWdX[_cV,^M

(257) dT6a½s oiTW_cQY|fugYZk_cQ~fhZ[T6

(258) V]T

(259) V,QYs&qidrm}fc@V,TLqiZ[TW_cdsV]QYsi\kdTWZkTWZ] XIZ[Q~fu^xY\DdTZ[QY_cTWdQYkZ[Q~fhV]^48d w m8\vm}qidT6fm8\XoY^fcoYTWV]^kV]QYV,|rZ[kZIQrf\@fuTWV,_cQY_`QY|Y\

(260) dT gYdkZt@dT6alm6qYZ[X[_cV,^`_hmzZ[s_`Q½fugYZV]_csd,

(261) srZqYZ[QYsrZ[Q~f.qYZ[d,qi^cZB·pgYZvqiTWd,6Z]m8mz_`dQYV,^c_umzVy fh_cdQhXJxrX[^cZ(_hmkV]T6aYZ[s w x fhgYZ"XITWZ[V[fh_cdQ d,vqYTWd,Z]m8mz_cdQiV,^{Vm8mzdX[_cV[fh_cdQm8\ w xeQYZ s~_bqi^cdkVmfuZ,m6fh_b`xr_cQY|¸fugYZQiZt m}ai_c^c^hm8\4V]QYsemWdkZfh_ckZ]m w xSV(m6qiZIX[_b_cXX[d^c^cZ[Xfh_YZ w V,TW|rV,_cQY_`QY| pZfom.QYd,fhZ

(262) fhgYVIff`

(263) dvfhgY_cTWsd,fugYZ ,QiZt½Jd w m.XITWZ[V[fhZ[s w xfhgiZ ¹gYVNYZ+_cT8m6f w Z[Z[QfuZ,m6fhZ[s&_cQQYdQ~qiTWd,_bfMdTW|rV,Qi_hmzV[fh_cdQmP6Q&fhgYV[f.mWZ[QmWZ,\ Yd^boYQrfhZ[ZITL@dT6a_umDVV[fhTW_cdT w ^boiZ+qiTW_cQ~fOd,4horfcoiTWZ^`V w d,oiT8\VvfhZ]m6fh_cQY|&V]TWZIVvdT 6^`ZIr_ w ^cZ¹ZIvqi^cd[x~kZ[Q~fV,QYsV,Q&Z[^cZ[kZ[Q~fpd,fuTWV,QmW_bfh_cdQiV,^^cV w d,oYT.kV,T6aiZfm 2W~X[gYk_cs V,QYs 1 oiZ[T

(264) 64,4>5: V ,_`ZIT8\>4,4Lr\rX[gYk_csvV]QYs V ]_cZ[mT ,K,K 7 . %. . "-!+ %%2&'-. +3. 4.. %+

(265) *'

(266). . . . . 47. "6,(3"$ %+"6 66,(B% B"6,( 6 . . (6. % ,( 1,. 3$ 63. . ,(. ·gYZ¹s~Z8YZ[^cd,qiZ[Q~fd,.Vkk_crZIsqiTWd[Y_hmW_cdQ"mxim}fhZ[_`QfhgiZD_cZ[^csd,.mWdX[_cV,^pmWZ[ThY_cX[Z,m XIV]Q w Z"ZIqi^cV,_cQiZIsSqiV,T6fu^x w x Vqid^c_cX8xSfhd,

(267) V]TWsYmsrZ[X[ZIQrfhTWV,^c_umzV[fh_cdQe

(268) gY_cX[g d[YZ[T8 XIdkZ]m

(269) V+fugYd,omWV,QisYx~Z[V,T8hd^csfhTWV,sr_bfh_`dQd,.ZfhV[fh_hmW\BV,QYsqiV,T6fh^ x w xfhgiZv_cQY_bfu_cVIfh_ YZ,m d,BfhgYZQYdQ~qiTWd,_bf>mzZ[XfhdT6V]X[_cQY|vQYZºmWdX[_cV,^_hm8m}oiZ]mt

(270) Q&fhgYZvdQiZvgYV,QisY\YfhgYZ I{ZIX[Z[Q~fhTWV]^c_hmWVIfh_`dQ 1 Xtfm 264,L>i64L 7 gYVYZ{TWZ[s~_um}fhTW_ w o~fhZ[sfugYZTWZ]m6qYdQmW_ w _c^`_bfh_cZ]m w Zfc@ZIZ[QfhgYZ m}fuVIfhZV,QYs^cdX[V,^M|rd[YZ[TWQYkZ[Q~fm{ZV]X] fh_Y_bfh_`Z,mkV,QYslQYZ TWZ]mzd,oiTWX[Z]m+

(271) Z[TWZ&fhTWV,Qm}Z[TWTWZ[s¸fhd(^cdX[V,^

(272) |rd[YZ[TWQYkZ[Q~f m

(273)

(274) giddQ fhgYZ[_cTqiV,T6f>XIdQrfhTWV,XfhZ[svd,orffhgYZ4qiTWd[Y_hmW_cdQkd,kV,QyxkmzZ[ThY_cX[Z]mty·gYZQYdQ~qiTWd,_bf>mzZ[XfhdT gYVm w Z[ZIQ&fhgYZ¹V]_cQ&qYV]T6fhQYZ[TL_cQ&fhgYZ{6_`ZI^`s&d,.XoY^bfòYTWZvV]QYs&V,T6fmJ\m6qYdT6fmJ\BZ[soYX[VIfu_cdQ 9. j. .

(275) V,QYs&fhTWV,_`QY_cQY|i\V]QYsi\V w d[YZvV,^cû\mzdX[_cV]^@ZI^6V]TWZkmWZIThY_`XIZ]mLd,orfmW_cs~Z{fhgYZkmWdX[_cV,^mzZ[Xo TW_bfxmxim}fuZI&·pgY_hmLgYVym4fhd w Z+mzZ[Z[QV]|~V]_cQm6ffugYZ w V,Xai|~TWd,oiQYs&d,MfugYZ

(276) Z[^bV]TWZkm}fuVIfhZ w ZI_`QY|lmzZ8YZ[TWZ[^x¸X[TW_bfu_cX[_hmzZ[sl

(277) _cQ¸RUTWV,QiXIZ&VymvZIûmzZ

(278) giZITWZ C(dT

(279) fhgYZ_`QYZ_cX[_cZ[QYX8xd, q~o w ^c_cXLqid^c_cX[_cZ]m8\ifugYZL

(280) Z[_c|rg~fd, w oiTWZ[VIoiX[TWV,X8xY\~fhgYZ.fhZ[QYsrZIQiXJxfudX[TWZ[VIfhZe_`TWTWZ,m6qidQmz_u w ^cZ w Z[QYZ_cX[_cV,TW_`Z,mpV,QYsfugYZ[_cT_`QYV,sr6Z 8 oiV,X8xfhd{X[d,qYZ.

(281) _bfhgkZ8Yd^Y_cQi|vQYZ[Z[sYm 1 X[X[dTWs~_`QY|fhd @^c^ckV,Q 264,4 7 \fhgiZ [s~Z[^cZ[|rVIfh_cdQfudQidQ~qYTWd,_bfpdTW|rV,Qi_hmzV[fh_cdQm gYVm w Z[Z[Q½fugYZTWZ]m6oY^bfd,fhgYZsrZ[^c_ w Z[TWVIfuZZh6dT6fdQfhgYZkqYV]T6fd,Lqid^c_bfh_cX[V]^4Z[^c_fhZ]mDfhd _cvqYTWd[YZkfhgYZhoiQYXfh_cdQY_`QY|V,QisZ[ fhZ[QYsfhgYZ&mWX[d,qYZkd, w d,fhg(mWdX[_cV,ÔmzZ[ThY_cX[ZvqYTWd[Y_u mz_cdQlV,QYs(d,

(282) RUTWZ[QYX[gSsrZ[dX[TWV]XJx 2z 7 _bfL@VmV]Q(ZthdT6f.fhdTW_c|~grf4fugYZ_c w V]^cV,QYX[Z w Ztf`

(283) Z[Z[QV,Qd[YZ[TW^x&X[Z[Q~fhTWV]^c_hmWZIs&V]QYs&_cQm6oi^cV,T@m}fhV[fhZvV]QYs&Vv

(284) Z[VIaV]QYsTWV,|rZ[Q~fuZIs XI_ Y_c^pmzdX[_cZfx ~ 1 ^hmzdr\Yq~o w ^c_cX{VIorfhgYdTW_fh_cZ]m4gYVNYZ w Z[Z[Q&d[YZ[T6

(285) gYZ[^ckZ[s w xV{|rTWd,

(286) _cQY| s~Z[kV,QYs&dT

(287) kdTWZsr_YZ[T8mW_b_cZ[smWdX[_cV,^.mWZ[ThY_cX[Z]mDV]QYsV]|~V]_cQ_bfOgYVm w Z[ZIQfhgYZvQYdQ qYTWd,_bfpdTW|rV,QY_umzV[fh_cdQmM

(288) gYdv

(289) Z[TWZ

(290) V w ^cZLqYTWd[Y_`s~Z{m6qYZ[X[_b_cXLfxqYZ]mMd,mWZIThY_`XIZ]mfhdvkdTWZ XIdQm}oikZITW_um}fMomWZIT8m¼(dTWZ[d[YZIT8\BfhgYZkQYdQrqYTWd,_bfmWZ[XfhdT

(291) gYVm w Z[Z[QYZ[Thx&_cQYQYd[YV[fh_YZ _cQX[d,qi_cQY|v

(292) _bfugQYZ»mzdX[_cV]^B_hm8m}oiZ]mtr_cQYX[ZLfhgiZ{mzdX[_cV]^mWZIXoiTW_bfxmzX[gYZ[kZ

(293) dQY^xvsrZ[V,^hm

(294) _bfhgeV"^c_ck_bfhZ[sSQroY w Z[Tkd,kmWdX[_cV,^TW_hm}am8\O_f

(295) gYVym w Z[Z[Q¸fugYZfhgY_cTWslmWZ[XtfudTfhd_cT8m6f Z[ZfkfhgYZ(QYZ[Z[sYm&d,kfhgYZ(gYV]QYs~_`XIV[q~qiZ[sY\LfhgYZ(TWZ[gYV w _c^c_bfhV[fhZ[s<V]^cX[dgYd^c_cX]m&dT&s~T6oi|i V,srs~_cXfm8\ fhgiZ4qiTWZ,hs~Z[^c_`0Q 8 oiZ[Q~f\ fugYZLsrZqYZ[QYsrZ[Q~fUZI^`s~Z[TW^xvV]QYskmWddQB ¼(dTWZ¹|~Z[QYZ[TWV,^`^xm}qiZ[VIai_cQY|i\fhgYZ

(296) fhgY_cTWs mzZ[XfhdT.gYVm.X[d,qYZ[s@_bfhgmWdX[_cV,^BqiTWZ8YZIQ fh_cdQ\{mzdX[_cV]^vZ[~X[^bomW_cdQ\

(297) V,QYs T6oYTWV]^vsrZ,mWZ[T6fh_b_cX[VIfu_cdQVIf{fhgYZ"^cdX[V,^{^cZ8YZI^ w Z[X[VIomzZ QYdQ~qiTWd,6_f

(298) dTW|rV,QY_hmWVIfu_cdQmvX[V,QSk_clmWdX[_cV,^@mzZ[ThY_cX[Z]mvs~Z[^c_YZ[Thx@_bfhg(V,s]YdX[V,X8xV,T w Ztf`fhZ[TOfugYV,Qkq~o w ^c_cX

(299) V]|~Z[QYX[_cZ]mMX[d,oY^csksrdv_bfW{dQ~qiTWd,_bfmMV,TWZ

(300) V]^hmWdvV w ^cZLfud w oY_`^cskQYZ mzd^c_`s~V]TW_bfxQYZfc@dT6am8\dT_`Qm}fuV,QYX[ZV]kdQY|fhgYZkqYZ[T8mWdQmvm6fhT6oiXta½s~d,@Q w xVTWV,TWZ s~_hmWZ[VmWZkdT

(301) V,kdQY|&fhgYZ{Y_cXfh_cm

(302) d,4fugYZkmWV,kZvQYV[fcoYTWV]^dTkV,QYkV,srZvsr_hmWVm6fhZ[TYRB_u QYV,^c^ xY\fhgiZJxgiVYZkV,X[X[Z]mJmLfhdm6qYZ[X[_b_cXkTWZ]mzd,oiTWX[Z,m8\pm}oiX[gVm

(303) |~_ Y_cQY|V,QYsYd^boiQ~fhZ[Z[T8 _cQY| \ V,QYsfhdkqYTWdr_ck_bfxmWVY_cQi|&QYZfc

(304) dT6amLdTB8d_cQ~fYZ[Q~fcoiTWZ,mM

(305) gY_`XIg&V]|~V]_cQ&^cd,@ZIT8m fhgYZ[_cTpXIdrm6fm jlgYVIf.ai_cQYsd,qYV]T6fhQYZ[T8mzgi_bqTWZ]m6oY^fm@TWdfhgY_umDQYZ

(306) Z[^bV,TWZ]k_c 1 ^cV w d,oiT s~_Y_umz_cdQ w Zfc

(307) Z[Z[Q¸fhgiZq~o w ^c_cX&V]QYsfhgYZQYdQ~qiTWd,_bf@mzZ[XfhdT{ZIkZ[TW|rZ,m{V,X[X[dTWs~_cQi|fhd

(308) gY_cX[g:fhgYZ m6fhVIfhZSqiTWd[Y_csrZ]m¸m6fhV]QYs~V]TWsV,Qis w VmW_cXemWZ[ThY_cX[Z]mfhd,

(309) V]TWsYm&fhgYZ¸@gYd^cZ qYd,qroY^`VIfh_cdQV,Qis&V,^hmWdfhgidrmzZkmWZ[ThY_cX[Z]m4

(310) gY_cX[gV,TWZvZ[_bfugYZ[TLgY_c|rgY^x&gYZ[V]^bfhghTWZI^`VIfhZ[s&dT ^c_cQ~aiZ[sfhdTWZI|rV,^`_cV,QhoYQiXtfu_cdQm{4^cV[V,Qisqro w ^`_cXkdTWs~Z[T

(311) dTWom6fh_cX[Z]\>dT

(312) Z[rV,vqY^`Z ·gYZfugY_cTWslmzZ[XfhdT

(313) qYTWd[Y_`s~Z]mDqiZ[T8mzdQYV]^.V,QYs(m6qiZIX[_cV]^c_hmWZ[s(mzZ[ThY_cX[Z]msr_cTWZ[XfhZ[sfhd_u QYdTW_bfx|~TWd,orqm

(314) V,QisZ[QYsrV,QY|rZ[TWZ[sqid,q~oi^cV[fh_cdQm

(315) dT{mzZ[ThY_cX[Z]mL_cQYd^ Y_cQY|&kdTWV,^m}orq qYdT6f\LfhgYZ"V,kZ[^c_cdTWVIfu_cdQ<d,¹6V]k_c^xeTWZ[^cVIfh_`dQmdTV(^cV w d,oYT8comW_cQY|Sd^c^cd,@_cQY|iuorqB 1 XIX[dTWsr_cQY|&fhdfhgYZm6o w mW_csr_cV,Thx&qYTW_`QYX[_bqY^`Z.VkQYZ

(316) X[dkZIT_cQ&RBTWV]QYX[ZkfhgYZ w oi^bad, TWZ,mWd,oiTWXIZ]md,vfugYZQYdQ~qiTWd,_bf¹dTW|~V]QY_hmWVIfh_cdQm+qiTWd[Y_cs~_`QY|¸fhgiZ,mWZ"mzdX[_cV]^{mzZ[ThY_cX[Z]m_hm XIdk_cQi|TWd|rd[YZ[TWQYkZ[Q~fpVIfp_bfm4sr_bh6Z[TWZ[Q~fp^cZ8YZ[^hm8\@_bfhgkYV,TW_`VIfh_cdQm4V,X[X[dTWsr_cQY|vfhd fhgYZ{m6o w _cZ[^csimIq~o w ^c_cXLhoiQYsr_cQY|k_hmMgY_c|rgYZ[TdTV,X[_c^c_fh_cZ]mMV,QYsmWZIThY_`XIZ]mM_cQ~fuZIQis~Z[sdT fhgYZ{s~_hmWV w ^`ZIsi\@gY_c^cZ

(317) omzZ[T8mOZ[Z]m4X[d[YZ[T.Vv^cV,|rZ[TMqYV]T6f6dT.srVxX[V]TWZ,\Z[^cs~Z[TW^xkgYdkZ]mJ\. . 3.

(318) dTgYdkZXIV]TWZ

(319) mWZ[ThY_cX[Z,m ·pgYZ{^cV,TW|rZ]6mWXIV]^cZ

(320) q~o w ^c_cX

(321) hoYQYsr_cQY|_cQfhgYZ

(322) _cZ[^csd,OmWdXI_`V,^pmWZIThY_`XIZ]m._hm w V,^cV]QYX[ZIs w xYV,TW_cd,omTWZ[|oY^`VIfh_cdQmTWZ[^cVIfuZIs(fhdfhgYZX[TWZIV[fh_cdQ\.X[drm}fmkV,QYslV,Xfh_Y_fh_cZ]md,{QYdQ qYTWd,_bfZ]m6fhV w ^c_umzgYkZ[Q~fm &V]TWZes~_bhZ[TWZ[Q~f 6dTWmd,@X[dQ~fhTWV,Xfm{|~TWV]Q~fhZ[s w xfhgYZkV]s~k_cQY_um}fhTWV[fh_cdQ@_bfhgVs~_umzX[TWZfh_cdQYV]ThxsrZ[XI_u mz_cdQU·gYZ8x&_cvqi^x&VX[dQ~fuTWd^d,MfugYZkm6aY_c^`^hmLd,MfhgYZ+m}fhV[hMV]QYsd,pfhgYZ 8 oiV,^`_bfxd,pfhgYZ s~Z[^c_YZ[TWZ[slmzZ[ThY_cX[Z]m·pgYZ&TWZ[X[_bqiTWdXIV]^LX[dkk_bfhkZ[Q~fmvV,TWZ@TW_bfcfhZ[QSsrd,

(323) Q(_cQfhgidrmzZ XIdQrfhTWV,Xfm{dQ~qYTWd,_bf@^cZ[V,srZ[T8m+TWZ[|rTWZfLfhgYV[f

(324) V]QYQ~oiV,^.X[dQ~fhTWV,Xfm{XIV]Q w ZTWZ8Y_hmWZIs w x fhgYZeV,srk_cQY_hm6fhTWV[fh_cdQ)oiQY_c^`VIfhZ[TWV,^`^x)V]QYs:Vm6a:6dTqY^boiTW_hhV,QYQ~oiV,^X[dQ~fhTWV,Xfm@gY_cX[g qYZ[TWk_bf^`dQY|YcfhZ[TW)qi^cV,QiQY_cQY|·pgYZ8xvV,^hmWdDZ[V,Tfhd w Z[XIdkZZ[TWZ.fhdd^hm_cQvfhgiZLgYV]QYsYm d,4qro w ^c_cXkVIorfhgYdTW_bfu_cZ]mt dQYZ[T8mzZ[^xi\X[Z[Q~fhTWV]^MdT

(325) ^cdX[V,^M|rd[YZ[TWQYkZ[Q~f.Vm6a6dT

(326) kdTWZ V,X[X[d,oYQ~fuV w _c^c_fxvdQvfhgYZ4qiV,T6fUd,UfhgYZLQidQ~qYTWd,_bfUdTW|rV,QY_umzV[fh_cdQm jlgY_c^cZdT6qYTWd,_bf¹qYTWd[Y_csrZ[T8mgiVYZ_cTWk^x<Z]m6fhV w ^c_umzgYZ[sSfhgiZgYZ[V,^bfug _cZ[^csSdT mzZ8YZ[TWV,^{s~Z[X[V,srZ]mQYd,{\MfhgYZ8xem6fh_c^c^Lqi^cVNxSdQY^xSV½mzkV,^`^

(327) TWd^cZ_`QSfhgYZ&qYTWd[Y_hmW_cdQed, mzdX[_cV]^MmWZ[ThY_cX[Z,mL_`QRUTWV,QiXIZ·pgYZvdQYZ{Z[~X[Zqrfh_cdQ&V,TWZ{TWZ]mz_`s~Z[Q~fh_`V,^BV,X[_c^c_fh_cZ]mOdTMfhgYZ ZI^`s~Z[TW^xSV]QYsSgidZ"mWZIThY_`XIZ]m