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Appendix 3. Statistical analysis with an interaction between season and the tree cover.
We averaged the models with interaction terms for individual species to consider the possible season-specific effects of tree cover.
Table A3.1. Results of model averaging with interaction between the tree cover and
seasons.
Species Parameter Estimate SE z value p value
Japanese tit Intercept -0.31 0.46 0.67 0.50 Electric wire† 0.0016 0.0016 0.97 0.33
Tree‡ 0.014 0.012 1.19 0.23
Building§ -0.005 0.013 0.39 0.70
Dispersal| -0.42 0.49 0.85 0.39
Wintering| -0.56 0.55 1.02 0.31
Tree × Dispersal¶ 0.007 0.014 0.47 0.64 Tree × Wintering¶ 0.008 0.016 0.47 0.64
Marsh tit Intercept -1.32 0.47 2.78 0.01 **
Electric wire† 0.000 0.001 0.28 0.78
Tree‡ 0.052 0.011 4.57 0.00 ***
Building§ 0.016 0.022 0.72 0.47
2
Varied tit Intercept 1.72 0.61 2.78 0.01 **
Electric wire† 0.0002 0.0008 0.21 0.84
Tree‡ 0.006 0.013 0.47 0.64
Building§ -0.004 0.013 0.34 0.74
Dispersal| -1.34 0.62 2.15 0.03 *
Wintering| -1.92 0.60 3.13 0.00 **
Tree × Dispersal¶ 0.004 0.013 0.31 0.76 Tree × Wintering¶ 0.003 0.012 0.28 0.78
Nathatch Intercept -0.78 0.83 0.93 0.35
Electric wire† 0.0008 0.0019 0.43 0.67
Tree‡ 0.034 0.018 1.86 0.06 .
Building§ 0.001 0.013 0.06 0.95
Dispersal| -0.33 0.74 0.44 0.66
Wintering| -0.94 1.03 0.90 0.37
Tree × Dispersal¶ -0.006 0.019 0.32 0.75 Tree × Wintering¶ 0.002 0.017 0.11 0.91
‘***’ < 0.001, ‘**’ < 0.01, ‘*’ < 0.05, ‘・’ < 0.1
The interactions were not included in model of marsh tit (models with interaction terms
3
had >2 delta AIC).
†Effect of electric wire density. ‡Effect of tree cover. §Effect of building area. | Effect of dispersal and wintering seasons compared with breeding season. ¶Effect of interaction between tree cover and dispersal/wintering seasons.
