!"#$%&'()*'+,-%(
! . . / ( 0 1 2 . 3 ( 4 . 5 6 1 7 ( 8 . 1 7 6 8 ( ( (
2 9 ! ! ) / 6 ( 2 . / : ; < . 2 (
!"%=>?+%(
6@%(A"#$%&'(B%C&",?%B(,-('@,C(B#&*>%-'(,C(B%C,D-%B('#(=CC,C'(,-('@%(&"%=',#-(#E(%EE%&',F%(>#B%+C(
E#"(A%%"(?=C%B(A"#D"=>C(,-(=(F=",%'G(#E(C%'',-DC(,-(<=-=B=H(%IDIH(J#"KA+=&%C(=-B(C&@##+CI(6@%(
&='=+GC'(J=C('J#(A"#D"=>C('@='(@=F%(?%%-(C*&&%CCE*++G(+=*-&@%B(,-(=(+="D%(<=-=B,=-(J#"KA+=&%L(
'@%(<=-=B,=-(M#"&%CI()-%(A"#D"=>(#EE%"C(A%%"(C*AA#"'(C%"F,&%C('#(M#"&%CN(>%>?%"CH(:%'%"=-C(
=-B('@%,"(E=>,+,%C(=-B('@%(#'@%"(A"#F,B%C(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(%B*&=',#-(,-('@%(J#"KA+=&%I(!%"@=AC(
'@%(>#C'("%>="K=?+%(=CA%&'(#E(?#'@('@%C%(A%%"(?=C%B(,-,',=',F%C(@=C(?%%-('@%('"=-CE#">=',#-(#E(
>,+,'="G(&*+'*"%(E"#>(#-%(J@%"%(>%-'=+(,++-%CC(=-B(C'"%CC(,-$*",%C(J%"%(C',D>=',O%B('#(=(>#"%(
=&&%A',-D(&*+'*"%('@='(#A%-+G(=&K-#J+%BD%C('@%("%=+,'G(#E(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(&#-B,',#-CI(
(
6@%(M#"&%CN(A%%"(C*AA#"'(A"#D"=>(@=C(C%"F%B(J%++(#F%"(PQQQ(&+,%-'C(C,-&%(,'C(,-&%A',#-(,-(RQQRH(
=-B(>=,-'=,-C(=-(=&',F%(&+,%-'(?=C%(#E(=AA"#S,>='%+G(TRQQ(A%#A+%(='(=-G(#-%(',>%I(6@%C%(
-*>?%"C(="%(=('%C'=>%-'('#('@%(F=+*%(=-B(?%-%E,'(#E(A%%"(C*AA#"'(=-B("%E+%&'('@%(E,-B,-DC(#E(
-*>%"#*C(C'*B,%C('@='(@=F%(C@#J-('@%(%EE%&',F%-%CC(#E(A%%"(C*AA#"'(,-(=(F=",%'G(#E(@%=+'@(
C,'*=',#-CI(
()F%"(UQHQQQ(A%#A+%(@=F%(A="',&,A='%B(,-('@%(M#"&%CN(J#"KA+=&%(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(%B*&=',#-(
A"#D"=>(C,-&%(,'(?%D=-(,-(RQQVH(=-B(RPHQQQ(>#"%(="%(%SA%&'%B('#(&#>A+%'%(,'(,-(RQTQI((1(E#">=+(
%F=+*=',#-(#E('@,C(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(%B*&=',#-(A"#D"=>(&#-E,">%B(=(-#'=?+%(A#C,',F%(C@,E'(#&&*"",-D(
,-(A="',&,A=-'CN(='','*B%C(,-("%+=',#-('#(>%-'=+(,++-%CC(=E'%"('@%G(@=B('=K%-(A="'(,-(,'I((
(
2%%K,-D('#(%SA#"'(=-B(?*,+B(#-('@%(%SA%",%-&%(D=,-%B(J,'@,-('@%(>,+,'="GH('@%(4%-'=+(8%=+'@(
<#>>,CC,#-(#E(<=-=B=(J=C(=?+%('#(C%&*"%('@%(A="'W',>%(C%"F,&%C(#E(7,%*'%-=-'(<#+#-%+(
2'%A@=-%(X"%-,%"('#(B%F%+#A('@,C(A"#$%&'I((8%(,C('@%(E#*-B%"(#E(?#'@(A%%"(?=C%B(A"#D"=>C(
&*""%-'+G(#A%"=',-D(J,'@,-('@%(3%A="'>%-'(#E(5=',#-=+(3%E%-&%(Y353ZI((
(
6#(%-C*"%('@%(C*&&%CC(#E('@,C(A"#$%&'H(C'=K%@#+B%"(&#-C*+'=',#-(,C(,>A%"=',F%H(%CA%&,=++G(,-(
"%+=',#-('#('@%(A%%"(C*AA#"'(&#>A#-%-'(B%C&",?%B(+='%"(,-('@,C(B#&*>%-'I()?'=,-,-D('@%(F,%JC(
=-B(F=+*=?+%(,-A*'(#E(&#-&%"-%B(C'=K%@#+B%"C(J,++(?%(=(A"#>,-%-'(E%='*"%(#E('@,C(A"#$%&'(=C(,'(
>#F%C(E#"J="BI(
(
6@%("%=+,'G(#E('@%(<=-=B,=-(J#"KA+=&%(,C('@='(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(A"#?+%>C(#E'%-(D#(*-B%'%&'%B(=-B(
*-'"%='%B(B*%('#(C',D>=H(C@=>%(=-B(=(+=&K(#E(*-B%"C'=-B,-DI([#"KA+=&%(A%%"(C*AA#"'(=-B(A%%"(
?=C%B(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(%B*&=',#-(A"#D"=>>,-D(="%('=-D,?+%(C#+*',#-C('@='(&=-("%B*&%(,C#+=',#-(
=-B(,-&"%=C%('@%(+,K%+,@##B('@='(A%#A+%(J,++(C%%K('"%='>%-'(=-B(&#>A+G(J,'@(,'I(6@,C(&=-(=CC,C'(,-(
&#>?=',-D('@%(C',D>=(C*""#*-B,-D(>%-'=+(,++-%CCH(=-B(@%+A(>,',D='%('@%(&#C'C(#E('@%C%(,++-%CC%C(
'#(,-B,F,B*=+CH(J#"KA+=&%C(=-B(C#&,%'G(=C(=(J@#+%I(
2,'*=',#-(
6@%(C#&,=+(=-B(%&#-#>,&(,>A=&'C(#E(>%-'=+(,++-%CC(@=F%(?%%-(J%++(B#&*>%-'%BI(1+'@#*D@(
A="',&*+="(C'=',C',&C(F="G(E"#>(#"D=-,O=',#-('#(#"D=-,O=',#-H(>%-'=+(,++-%CC%C(&#-C,C'%-'+G("=-K(,-(
'@%('#A(E,F%(B,C=?,+,'G(&+=,>CI(1&&#"B,-D('#(=-G(-*>?%"(#E(C#*"&%CH('@%(K%G(B",F%"C(#E(,-&"%=C,-D(
B,C=?,+,'G(&#C'C(="%(ACG&@,='",&(B,C=?,+,',%C(#"(>%-'=+(,++-%CC%CI(6@%(X"%='([%C'(7,E%(1CC*"=-&%(
<#>A=-G("%A#"'%B(,-(RQQ\('@='(>%-'=+(,++-%CC(,C(-#J('@%(-*>?%"(#-%(&=*C%(#E(+#-D('%">(
B,C=?,+,'G(&+=,>CI(6@%(>#C'("%&%-'((RQQ]^RQTQ([='C#-([G=''([#"+BJ,B%(C*"F%G(#-(@%=+'@(=-B(
A"#B*&',F,'G(Y,-F#+F,-D(RVR(9I(2I(=-B(\Q(<=-=B,=-(#"D=-,O=',#-C("%A"%C%-',-D(>#"%('@=-(TT(
>,++,#-(%>A+#G%%C(,-(=++(>=$#"(,-B*C'"G(C%&'#"CZ(-#'%B('@='(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(A"#?+%>C(J%"%('@%(
+%=B,-D(&=*C%(#E(B,C=?,+,'G(,-(<=-=B=I(Y@''AL^^JJJI'#J%"CJ='C#-I&#>^"%C%="&@^_`V(Z(6@%([8)(
=+C#("=-KC(>%-'=+(,++-%CC(=C('@%(-*>?%"(#-%(B,C=?,+,'G(&+=,>(,-(<=-=B=(=-B(A"%B,&'C('@='(
B%A"%CC,#-(J,++(?%&#>%('@%(C%&#-B(+%=B,-D(&=*C%(#E(B,C=?,+,'G(?G(RQRQI((
(
6@%(,CC*%(#E('@%(C#&,=+(C',D>=(C*""#*-B,-D(>%-'=+(,++-%CC(,-(<=-=B=(J=C(A#,D-=-'+G(&=A'*"%B(
'@"#*D@(E,"C'W@=-B('%C',>#-,%C(,-('@%(4=G(R_'@(2%-='%("%A#"'(a)*'(#E('@%(2@=B#JC(1'(7=C'bI(
!#,-'(TI`I`(#E('@%("%A#"'H(','+%B(!"#$%&'&()'*#+,-#%#(&"#.('#('!.,#/"0(?%D,-C(J,'@L(a!%"@=AC('@%(
>#C'(B=>=D,-D(%EE%&'(=''",?*'%B(?G(J,'-%CC%C('#(C',D>=(=-B(B,C&",>,-=',#-(J=C('@%(#",D,-=',-D(
,-('@%(?%+,''+,-DH(B%-,D"=',-D(='','*B%C('#J="B(>%-'=+(,++-%CC(=-B('@#C%(J@#(C*EE%"(,'('@='(C%%>(
'#(A%"F=B%(=++(+%F%+C(#E(C#&,%'GbI(
(
1(D##B(-*>?%"(#E("%C%="&@(C'*B,%C(=-B(A=A%"C(C*AA#"'('@%(=?#F%(C'='%>%-'I(6#(A"#F,B%(#-+G(=(
E%J(%S=>A+%CH('@%(4##B(3,C#"B%"C(2#&,%'G(#E(<=-=B=(@=C(A*?+,C@%B(a!"#$%&'&()'
)#+,-#%#(&"#.(12'35#FI(RQQ\Z(=-B(a!"#$%&'-/+/&-,4'&()'&("#5+"#$%&'6-.$-&%+cb(Y4="I(RQQ]ZH'
=-B(6@%(!*?+,&(8%=+'@(1D%-&G(#E(<=-=B=(&#F%"C('@%(,CC*%(#E(C',D>=(=-B(B,C&",>,-=',#-(,-(,'C(
"%A#"'(#-(>%-'=+(,++-%CC%C(,-(<=-=B=I(;-(=(A=A%"(A*?+,C@%B(,-('@%([#"+B(!CG&@,='"G(d#*"-=+H(
)&'#?%"(RQQVH(','+%B(7#$4"#($'"4/'!"#$%&'8&9+/)':0';/("&<'*#+.-)/-+LcbH(=*'@#"(8%='@%"(2'*="'(
J",'%CL(a)"D=-,O=',#-C(C*&@(=C('@%([#"+B(8%=+'@()"D=-,O=',#-H('@%([!1(=-B('@%([#"+B(
1CC#&,=',#-(E#"(2#&,=+(!CG&@,='"GH('#(-=>%(=(E%JH(@=F%(=++("%&#D-,O%B(C',D>=(=C(=(>=$#"(A*?+,&(
@%=+'@(&@=++%-D%Ib(
3%E,-,-D('@%([#"B(a=//-b(
!%%"(,C(B%E,-%B(=C(&'6/-+.('.>'/?9&<'+"&()#($@(;-('@%(&#-'%S'(#E(A"#F,B,-D(A%%"(C*AA#"'H('@%(
J#"B(A%%"(,C(*C%B(,-(=(?"#=B%"(C%-C%('#("%E%"('#(6/.6</'A4.'+4&-/'#(',.%%.('&'%9"9&<'<#B/)' /C6/-#/(,/@(8#J%F%"H(,-('@%(E,%+B(#E(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(%B*&=',#-(,'(,C(-%&%CC="G('#(B%E,-%(A%%"(,-(=(
C'",&'%"(C%-C%(=C(+.%/.(/'A4.'#+'/#"4/-'&',.5A.-D/-'.-'&'6/-+.('A4.'A.-D+'#('&'+#%#<&-'
.-$&(#E&"#.(&<':&,D$-.9()F'.-'+.%/.(/'.>'"4/'+&%/'$/(/-&"#.('.-',9<"9-&<':&,D$-.9()'A4.'4&+' +9>>/-/)'"4/'/>>/,"+'.>'%/("&<'#<<(/++@(6@%("%=C#-(E#"('@,C(>#"%(A"%&,C%(B%E,-,',#-(,C(,-("%+=',#-('#(
=(&#-&%A'("%E%""%B('#(=C(aA#J%"(B,EE%"%-',=+Ib(2#&,=+(A#J%"(,C('@%(=?,+,'G('#(,-E+*%-&%(#'@%"CI(
6@%"%(="%(-='*"=+(A#J%"(B,EE%"%-',=+C(,-(>=-G(Y?*'(-#'(=++Z("%+=',#-C@,ACH(,-&+*B,-D('@#C%(
?%'J%%-(A="%-'(=-B(&@,+BH('%=&@%"(=-B(C'*B%-'H(%>A+#G%"(=-B(%>A+#G%%H(=-B(@%=+'@(&="%(
A"=&',',#-%"(=-B(&+,%-'I(;-('@%#"G(=-B(,-(%'@,&=+(A"=&',&%H('@%(A#J%"(B,EE%"%-',=+(,C(?%-%E,&,=+('#(
'@%("%+=',#-C@,AH(@#J%F%"(J@%-(A"#F,B,-D(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(%B*&=',#-('@,C(A#J%"(B,EE%"%-',=+(>=G(
A"#F%H(,-(>=-G(&=C%CH('#(J#"K(=D=,-C'(=&@,%F,-D('@%(%>#',#-=+("%C#-=-&%T("%e*,"%B('#(
C*&&%CCE*++G('"=-C>,'('@%(*-B%"C'=-B,-D('@='(A%#A+%(C*EE%",-D(E"#>(>%-'=+(,++-%CC%C(="%(a$*C'(
+,K%(G#*(=-B(>%bI('
1Emotional Ecology in Education by C. Turner and J. Shepherd, Health Education Research Theory and Practice, Oxford Journals.
!"#$%&'(!*"A#C%(=-B(!"%E=&%(
(
6@,C(A"#$%&'(@=C('J#(A*"A#C%CH(#-%(,C('#(A"#>#'%('@%(*C%(#E(A%%"(C*AA#"'(,-('@%(J#"KA+=&%(=C(=-(
%EE%&',F%(&#>A+%>%-'('#('"=B,',#-=+(&+,-,&=+(&="%H(=-B('@%(#'@%"(,C('#(E#C'%"(=(&@=-D%(,-(C#&,%'=+(
='','*B%C('#J="BC(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(,++-%CC('@"#*D@('@%(A"#F,C,#-(#E(A%%"(?=C%B(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(
%B*&=',#-(,-('@%(J#"KA+=&%(=-B(,-(C&@##+CI(
'
6@%(K%G(E=&'#"C('@='(,-E+*%-&%(=-B(C@=A%('@,C(A"#$%&'(="%(B%'=,+%B(,-(1--%S%C(1(=-B(0('#('@,C(
A"#$%&'(#*'+,-%I(
'
1(E*-B=>%-'=+("%e*,"%>%-'('#(A"#>#'%('@%(*C%(#E(A%%"(?=C%B(C%"F,&%C(,-(J#"KA+=&%C(,C('#(@=F%(
'%C'%B(=-B(A"#F%-(>=-=D%>%-'(E"=>%J#"KC('@='(%>A+#G%"C(=-B(>=-=D%"C(&=-("%+G(#-('#(
=&@,%F%(A"#E%CC,#-=+H(&#-C,C'%-'(B%+,F%"G(#E(C*&@(C%"F,&%C(J,'@,-('@%,"(#"D=-,O=',#-CI([,'@('@%(
a?#''#>(+,-%b(B",F,-D(?*C,-%CC(B%&,C,#-C(=-B(D#F%"->%-'(#"D=-,O=',#-C(@=F,-D('#(=-CJ%"('#(
'=SA=G%"CH(,'(&=-(?%(%SA%&'%B('@='(%F,B%-&%W?=C%B(E"=>%J#"KC(J,++(-%%B('#(?%(B%F%+#A%B(
?%E#"%(#"D=-,O=',#-C(="%(J,++,-D('#(,-F%C'(,-(A%%"(?=C%B(,-,',=',F%C(C*&@(=C(A%%"(C*AA#"'(=-B(
>%-'=+(@%=+'@(%B*&=',#-I((
!"#$%&'(<#>A#-%-'C(
(
!"#$%&'("%&$)'
*""+',-../+$'
(
6@%(A*"A#C%(#E('@,C(&#>A#-%-'(#E('@%(A"#$%&'(,C('#(B%F%+#A(=(>#B%+(A%%"(C*AA#"'(A"#D"=>(E#"(
*C%(,-(<=-=B,=-(J#"KA+=&%C('@='(>=G(=+C#(?%(+='%"(*C%B(,-(#'@%"(C%'',-DC(=C('@%(-%%B(=",C%CI(6@%(
A"#D"=>(>#B%+(J#*+B(?%(B%F%+#A%B(,-(=(>=--%"(B%C,D-%B('#(@%+A(%+%F='%('@%(A"=&',&%(#E(A%%"(
C*AA#"'('#(=(E#">=++G("%&#D-,O%B(=-B(-=',#-=++G(=&&%A'%B(>%'@#B(#E(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(&="%H(
&#>A+%>%-'="G('#(&+,-,&=+(&="%(>%'@#BCI((
((
6#(=&@,%F%('@,C(A*"A#C%H('@,C(&#>A#-%-'(#E('@%(A"#$%&'(,C('#L(
(
• 3%F%+#A(&#>A%'%-&G("%e*,"%>%-'C(E#"(A%%"(C*AA#"'(J#"K%"C(,-('@%(J#"KA+=&%H(
C'=-B="BC(#E(A"=&',&%(=-B(&#>A%'%-&GW?=C%B(&*"",&*+=(E#"('"=,-,-D(A%%"(C*AA#"'(
J#"K%"CH(=-Bf((
(
• 3%F%+#A(=-B(,>A+%>%-'(=-(%EE%&',F%H(&"%B,?+%(=-B(D"#*-B%B(A%"E#">=-&%(>%=C*"%>%-'(
=-B(>=-=D%>%-'(E"=>%J#"KH(B%C,D-%B('#(%SA=-B('@%(%F,B%-&%(?=C%(&#""#?#"=',-D(A%%"(
C*AA#"'(A"=&',&%CI((
( ( (( ( (
!"#$%&'("%&$)'
*""+'0%1"2'32-4%$5/#
( (6@%(A*"A#C%(#E('@,C(&#>A#-%-'(#E('@%(A"#$%&'(,C('#('"=-CE#">('@%(J=G(<=-=B,=-C(A%"&%,F%(=-B(
*-B%"C'=-B(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(,CC*%C(?G(@=F,-D(A%%"C(J,'@(+,F%B(%SA%",%-&%(B%+,F%"(=(-#-(&+,-,&=+(
&*"",&*+*>(CA%&,E,&=++G(B%C,D-%B('#(E,'(J,'@,-('@%(#"D=-,O=',#-=+^C#&,%'=+(&*+'*"%(#E('="D%'%B(
=*B,%-&%CI(
(
6@%(&*"",&*+*>(J,++(?%(=B=A'%B(E"#>(=(A"#D"=>(*',+,O%B(J,'@,-('@%(<=-=B,=-(>,+,'="Gf(=(A"#D"=>(
J@,&@(@=C(C*&&%CCE*++G(B%>#-C'"='%B('@='('@%(,-&+*C,#-(#E(A%%"C(,-(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(%B*&=',#-(,C(
K%G('#(%C'=?+,C@,-D(&"%B,?,+,'G(=-B(&#--%&',#-(J,'@(=*B,%-&%(A="',&,A=-'CI(/%C%="&@(@=C(C@#J-(
'@='("%=+(+,E%(&=C%(%S=>A+%C(A"#F,B%B(?G(&"%B,?+%(C#*"&%C(%+,&,'(%>#',#-=+("%CA#-C%C('@='(&=-(
@=F%(=(C'"#-DH(A#C,',F%(%EE%&'(#-(='','*B,-=+(&@=-D%RI((
(
!"%(=-B(A#C'(e*%C',#--=,"%C('@='(J%"%(=B>,-,C'%"%B('#(A="',&,A=-'C('#(%F=+*='%('@%(<=-=B,=-(
M#"&%CN(%B*&=',#-(A"#D"=>(=AA%="('#(C*AA#"'('@%("%C%="&@(E,-B,-DCH(J,'@(%F,B%-&%(#E(=(-#'=?+%(
A#C,',F%(C@,E'(#&&*"",-D(,-(A="',&,A=-'CN(='','*B%C(,-("%+=',#-('#('@%(,CC*%(#E(C',D>=(=CC#&,='%B(
J,'@(>%-'=+(,++-%CCI((((
(
6@,C(&#>A#-%-'(#E('@%(A"#$%&'(&#-C,C'C(#EL(
(
• 3%F%+#A,-D(=(F=+,B='%B(>%'@#B#+#DG('#(A"#F,B%(A%%"(?=C%B(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(%B*&=',#-H(
%C'=?+,C@,-D(&#>A%'%-&G("%e*,"%>%-'C(E#"(A%%"(%B*&='#"CH(=-B(B%F%+#A,-D(&*"",&*+=(E#"(
'@%(B%+,F%"G(#E(A%%"(?=C%B(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(%B*&=',#-(,-(J#"KA+=&%C(=-B(,-(C&@##+Cf(=-B((
(
• 3%F%+#A,-D(=-B(,>A+%>%-',-D(=-(%EE%&',F%H(&"%B,?+%(=-B(%F,B%-&%W?=C%B(%F=+*=',#-(=-B(
F=+,B=',#-(E"=>%J#"K('@='(,C(F,=?+%H(=-B('@='(J,++(E*"'@%"(C*?C'=-',='%(A%%"(C*AA#"'(
A"=&',&%CI((
2'='*C(#E(A"#$%&'(=&',F,',%C(
(
!"#$%&'("%&$)'
*""+',-../+$'
(
<#-C*+'=',#-(J,'@(A%%"(C*AA#"'(D"#*AC(=-B(C'=K%@#+B%"C(=&"#CC(<=-=B=(,C('=K,-D(A+=&%('@,C(G%="(
'#('=K%(,-'#(&#-C,B%"=',#-('@%(?"#=B("=-D%(#E(%SA%"',C%H(K-#J+%BD%(=-B(%SA%",%-&%(#E('@#C%(
&*""%-'+G(A"#F,B,-D(A%%"(C*AA#"'(C%"F,&%C(=-B('#(A"#E,'(E"#>(+%CC#-C(+%="-%B('#(,>A+%>%-'(
J#"KA+=&%(A%%"(C*AA#"'(A"#D"=>C(,-('@%(>#C'(C*&&%CCE*+(J=GI(
(
2Gardner, H., Changing Minds: The Art and Science of Changing Our Own Mind and Other People’s Minds Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 2004
1(&@,%E(&#-&%"-(,C('#(-#'(+#C%(C,D@'(#E('@%(D"=CCW"##'CH(&#>>*-,'G(?=C%B(A"=&',&%C('@='(@=F%('@*C(
E="(&@="=&'%",O%B('@%(C*&&%CC(#E('@,C('GA%(#E(>%-'=+(@%=+'@(,-'%"F%-',#-(=-B('#(B%F%+#A(=(
?=+=-&%B(=AA"#=&@('#(%-&#*"=D%('@%(E*++(=&&%A'=-&%(#E(A%%"(C*AA#"'(A"=&',&%C(J,'@,-(<=-=B=NC(
>%-'=+(@%=+'@(&="%(CGC'%>I((
(
1(A%"E#">=-&%(>%=C*"%>%-'(=-B(>=-=D%>%-'(E"=>%J#"KH(E#">*+='%B(*A#-("%C*+'CW?=C%B(
#*'&#>%C(,C(&*""%-'+G(?%,-D(B%F%+#A%B(,-(C*AA#"'(#E('@,C(A"#$%&'(&#>A#-%-'I(
'
!"#$%&'("%&$)''
*""+'0%1"2'32-4%$5/#'
(
6/+7.&%4"'g(%B*&=',#-(>#B*+%CH(?=C%B(#-('@%(#-%(B%F%+#A%B(=-B(*C%B(?G('@%(3%A="'>%-'(#E(
5=',#-=+(3%E%-&%H(J,++(?%(B%F%+#A%B(=-B(A,+#'('%C'%B(=C(C##-(=C(=++(#E('@%(D"#*-BJ#"K(@=C(?%%-(
%C'=?+,C@%BH(=C(#*'+,-%B(,-('@,C(A"#$%&'(&#>A#-%-'H(=?#F%I(((
(
8/-$)'5#'14)//&(g(!"%+,>,-="G(&*"",&*+*>(&#-'%-'(J,++(?%(B%F%+#A%B('@,C(G%="(E#"(=(A,+#'(A"#$%&'(
'@='(J,++(,-,',=++G(?%('",=+%B(J,'@(>,BW+%F%+(@,D@(C&@##+(C'*B%-'CI((
(
)*'&#>%(?=C%B(A%"E#">=-&%(>%=C*"%CH(E#"('@%(%B*&=',#-(&#>A#-%-'H(="%(?%,-D(B%F%+#A%B(,-(
E*++(&#-C*+'=',#-(J,'@('@%(48<<NC(#A%-,-D(>,-BC(,-,',=',F%('#(%-C*"%(&#-D"*%-&%I('
3%+,F%"=?+%C(
)F%"('@%(&#*"C%(#E('@%(-%S'('J#(G%="C('@%(A"#$%&'(J,++(B%+,F%"('@%(E#++#J,-DI(1(B%'=,+%B(A"#$%&'(
A+=-(',>%+,-%(,C(?%,-D(B%F%+#A%BI((
(*""+'1-../+$' (
• <#>A%'%-&G("%e*,"%>%-'C(E#"(A%%"(C*AA#"'(J#"K%"C(
• 2'=-B="BC(#E(A"=&',&%(E#"(A"#F,B,-D(A%%"(C*AA#"'(
• 6"=,-,-D(&*"",&*+=(E#"(A%%"(C*AA#"'(J#"K%"C((
• 1(A%"E#">=-&%(>%=C*"%>%-'(=-B(>=-=D%>%-'(E"=>%J#"K(E#"(A%%"(C*AA#"'((
• 1(C%+%&'(&#"%(D"#*A(#E('"=,-%B(A%%"(C*AA#"'(J#"K%"C((
• !,+#'('%C',-D(#E(A%%"(C*AA#"'(A"#D"=>C(,-(J#"KA+=&%C(
(
!"#$%&')"%&$)'"2-4%$5/#'' ((
• 1(F=+,B='%B(%B*&=',#-(>%'@#B#+#DG(E#"(%B*&=',#-(A"#F,B%B(?G(A%%"C((
• <*"",&*+=(E#"(A%%"(?=C%B(%B*&=',#-(,-(J#"KA+=&%C(=-B(C&@##+C(
• <#>A%'%-&G("%e*,"%>%-'C(E#"(A%%"(%B*&='#"C(
• 1-(%F=+*=',#-(=-B(F=+,B=',#-(E"=>%J#"K(E#"(%EE%&',F%(A%%"(?=C%B(%B*&=',#-(
• 1(C%+%&'(&#"%(D"#*A(#E('"=,-%B(A%%"(%B*&='#"C((
• !,+#'('%C',-D(#E(%B*&=',#-(A"#D"=>C(,-(J#"KA+=&%C(=-B(C&@##+C((
(
!""#$%!%
&##'%()*#+%,#"-).%/#).-/%*0112'-%*#'345#*%%
!"#$%&$'
6#"-).%7#).-/%
&##'%80112'-%
'
()%'%**%#$+,-'.+//%0%#1%'2%$3%%#'4%#$,-')%,-$)'5%%0'*655"0$',#.'$0,.+$+"#,-'1-+#+1,-' 4%#$,-')%,-$)'*%07+1%*'+*'$),$'5%%0'*655"0$'+*','.%84%.+1,-+9%.':#"#81-+#+1,-;',550",1)'$"' 1,0%<'=11"0.+#>'$"',6$)"0'?)%0@'A%,.B''
'
CD%%0'*655"0$'1,#'"//%0','16-$60%'"/')%,-$)',#.',2+-+$@',*'"55"*%.'$"','16-$60%'"/' E+--#%**F',#.'.+*,2+-+$@<'()%'50+4,0@'>",-'+*'$"'0%*5"#*+2-@'1),--%#>%',**645$+"#*' ,2"6$'4%#$,-'+--#%**%*',#.',$'$)%'*,4%'$+4%'$"'7,-+.,$%'$)%'+#.+7+.6,-'/"0'3)"'
$)%@'0%,--@',0%',#.'3)%0%'$)%@'),7%'1"4%'/0"4<'D%%0'*655"0$',$$%45$*'$"'$)+#G' 10%,$+7%-@',#.'#"#8H6.>4%#$,--@',2"6$'$)%'3,@'+#.+7+.6,-*'%&5%0+%#1%',#.'4,G%' 4%,#+#>'"/'$)%+0'-+7%*'+#'1"#$0,*$'$"'),7+#>',--'2%),7+"60*',#.'/%%-+#>*'.+,>#"*%.' ,#.'-,2%-%.<I'''
'
J"#%$)%-%**K'+$'+*'/6--@'0%1">#+9%.',#.',1G#"3-%.>%.'$),$'5%%0'*655"0$'+*'"#-@'"#%' 4%$)".'"/',**+*$+#>'$)"*%'*6//%0+#>'/0"4'4%#$,-')%,-$)'1"#.+$+"#*<'L$'+*'"#%'$),$'+*' 1"45-%4%#$,0@'$"'$0,.+$+"#,-'1-+#+1,-',550",1)%*K',#.'#"$'+#'1"45%$+$+"#'3+$)'$)%4<' 'D%%0'*655"0$'1,#'2%*$'2%'1),0,1$%0+9%.'2@'$)%'/,1$'$),$'5%"5-%'3)"'),7%'-+G%'
%&5%0+%#1%*'1,#'2%$$%0'0%-,$%',#.'1"#*%M6%#$-@'"//%0'4"0%',6$)%#$+1'%45,$)@',#.' 7,-+.,$+"#<'L$'+*',-*"'#"$'6#1"44"#'/"0'5%"5-%'3+$)'*+4+-,0'-+7%.'%&5%0+%#1%*'$"'"//%0'
%,1)'"$)%0'50,>4,$+1',.7+1%',#.'*6>>%*$+"#*'$),$'50"/%**+"#,-*'4,@'#"$'2%',2-%'$"'"//%0'
$)%4<'()+*'G+#.'"/'*655"0$'0%.61%*'+*"-,$+"#K'+#10%,*%*'$0%,$4%#$'1"45-+,#1%',#.' 0%+#/"01%*'$0%,$4%#$'*%%G+#>'2%),7+"0*K'3)+1)K'+#'$60#K')%-5*'$"'1"42,$'$)%'*$+>4,'
*600"6#.+#>'4%#$,-')%,-$)'+--#%**<''A,+#$,+#+#>','#"#81-+#+1,-'7,#$,>%'5"+#$')%-5*'5%%0*' 0%26+-.'$)%+0'*%#*%'"/'1"446#+$@',#.'$06*$',*'$)%*%'0%-,$+"#*)+5*',0%'26+-$',0"6#.',' .%%5'46$6,-'6#.%0*$,#.+#>K'+#'1"#$0,*$'$"'$)%'0%-,$+"#*)+5'2%$3%%#'1-+#+1+,#',#.' 5,$+%#$<'
'
N"0'$)%'4"*$'5,0$K'5%%0'2,*%.'*655"0$',1$+7+$+%*'$,G%'5-,1%',10"**'!,#,.,'+#'1-6*$%0*',#.' ,0%'1"#.61$%.'$)0"6>)','7,0+%$@'"/'4%,#*'0,#>+#>'/0"4'"#%'$"'"#%'*655"0$K'*655"0$'
>0"65*K'*"1+,-',1$+7+$+%*K'*655"0$%.'%45-"@4%#$K'0%1"7%0@'%.61,$+"#K'*"1+,-'%#$%050+*%*' ,#.'%7%#',.7"1,1@'*%07+1%*<'O%7%0,>+#>'$)%'-+7%.'%&5%0+%#1%'"/'5%"5-%'3)"'$)%4*%-7%*' ),7%'2%%#',//%1$%.'2@'4%#$,-')%,-$)'50"2-%4*'+*'$)%'G%@'+#>0%.+%#$'$"'*611%**'$),$' 6#.%0-+%*',--'"/'$)%*%'4%,#*'"/'50"7+.+#>'*655"0$<''P"3%7%0K'+$'+*'>%#%0,--@'0%1">#+9%.'
$),$'),7+#>'-+7%.'$)0"6>)','4%#$,-')%,-$)'1"#.+$+"#'."%*'#"$'+#',#.'"/'+$*%-/'M6,-+/@'
*"4%"#%'$"'50"7+.%'5%%0'*655"0$'+#','1"#*$061$+7%',#.')%-5/6-'4,##%0<''Q)+-%'4,#@'
5%%0'*655"0$'*%07+1%*',#.'50">0,4*'"//%0'$0,+#+#>'$)%0%'+*'1600%#$-@'#"'7,-+.,$%.'
*$,#.,0.'"/'50,1$+1%'/"0'5%%0'*655"0$'3"0G',10"**'!,#,.,K'#"0'),7%'$)%'1"45%$%#1+%*' 0%M6+0%.'/"0'5%%0'*655"0$'3"0G'2%%#'3%--'.%/+#%.<'()+*'),*'-+G%-@'2%%#','G%@'/,1$"0'$),$' ),*'+45%.%.'+$*'%7"-6$+"#',#.'+#$%>0,$+"#'+#$"'$)%'4,+#*$0%,4'4%#$,-')%,-$)'1,0%'
*@*$%4K'3)%$)%0'+$'+*',$'$)%'1"446#+$@'-%7%-'"0'3+$)+#'$)%'3"0G/"01%',*','0%1"7%0@',#.' 0%$60#'$"'3"0G'%#,2-%0<'
'
R60+#>'+#+$+,-'1"#*6-$,$+"#*'$),$'),7%'$,G%#'5-,1%K'1"#1%0#'3,*'%&50%**%.',4"#>'*"4%'
$),$'4"7+#>',3,@'/0"4'$)%'>0,**80""$*'7,-6%*'65"#'3)+1)'5%%0'*655"0$'>0"65*'3%0%' /"6#.%.K',#.S"0'-"*+#>'$)%'1"446#+$@'%**%#1%'"/'5%%0'*655"0$'1"6-.'2%','*$%5'+#'$)%' 30"#>'.+0%1$+"#<''
'
=*'3%'4"7%'/"03,0.'+#'.%7%-"5+#>'$)%'/6#1$+"#'"/'5%%0'*655"0$'+$'+*'+45"0$,#$'$"' 6#.%0*$,#.')"3'"1165,$+"#*'.%7%-"5<''L#'TUUVK'$)%'D0%*+.%#$'"/'$)%'J,$+"#,-' W0>,#+9,$+"#'/"0'!"45%$%#1@'=**60,#1%'+#'$)%'X?K'!@#$)+,'R60-%@'30"$%B' '
CP+*$"0+1,--@K',*','#%3'"1165,$+"#'1"4%*'+#$"'2%+#>',#.'%7"-7%*K'+$*'2".@'"/' G#"3-%.>%'.%7%-"5*',#.'2%1"4%*',11%5$%.'2@'$)%'+#.+7+.6,-*'5%0/"04+#>'$),$' H"2K'2@'%45-"@%0*K',#.'2@'16*$"4%0*<'()%'%4%0>%#1%'"/','.%/+#%.'2".@'"/' G#"3-%.>%',#.','*5%1+/+1'7"1,26-,0@',0%'+45"0$,#$'*$%5*'+#'$)%'.%7%-"54%#$' ,#.'.%/+#+$+"#'"/',#'"1165,$+"#I<''
'
?)%'/60$)%0'%&5,#.%.'2@'*$,$+#>B' '
C*G+--'*%$*'46*$'2%'.%/+#%.K',#.'G#"3-%.>%',#.'*G+--'*%$*'46*$'2%',**%**%.',#.' 7,-+.,$%.<'!0%.%#$+,-+#>'50">0,4*'5%0/"04'$)"*%'/6#1$+"#*K')%-5+#>',#'
"1165,$+"#'4,$60%',#.'2%1"4%'*$,2-%<'()+*'-"#>*$,#.+#>'50"1%**K'16-4+#,$+#>' 3+$)'$)%'.%7%-"54%#$',#.',11%5$,#1%'"/'50"/%**+"#,-'10%.%#$+,-*K'+*'%*5%1+,--@' +45%0,$+7%'+#'"1165,$+"#*'+#'3)+1)'562-+1'50"$%1$+"#'+*'"/'50+4,0@'+45"0$,#1%I<' '
!""#$%&%%
'##(%)*+#,%-#".*/%0#*/.0%+1223(.%+#(456#+%
!"#$%&$'
7#".*/%8#*/.0%
'##(%)*+#,%9,16*.53"%
'
()%'*#+,-.*"#'"/'01%%2.34'5.'6%/*#%6'*#'$)%'75*#'8"69'"/'$)%'12":%+$'"-$,*#%4'*#'$)%' 6%,*;%29'"/'7%#$5,')%5,$)'%6-+5$*"#'*.'<%9'$"'%.$58,*.)*#='+2%6*8*,*$9'5#6'+"##%+$*"#'>*$)'
$52=%$'5-6*%#+%.?'@%%2.'52%'7*#6/-,'"/'$)%'+-,$-2%'"/'$)%'"2=5#*A5$*"#'"2'$)%'."+*5,'=2"-1'
>*$)'>)"7'$)%9'*#$%25+$B'$)%2%/"2%4'>*$)*#'$)%'2%5,7'"/'7%#$5,')%5,$)'%6-+5$*"#'$)%9' +5#'82*#='%..%#$*5,'+-,$-25,'<#">,%6=%'5#6'-#6%2.$5#6*#='$"'8"$)'+-22*+-,-7'
6%;%,"17%#$'5#6'6%,*;%29?''()%9'52%'<#">,%6=%58,%'58"-$'$)%*2'>"2<'"2'."+*5,'
%#;*2"#7%#$4')5;*#='6*2%+$'%&1%2*%#+%'>*$)'$)%'"++-15$*"#5,C."+*5,'.$2%.."2.'$)5$'759'
*715+$'7%#$5,')%5,$)4'5#6'52%'58,%'$"'-.%'5#'5-6*%#+%'5112"12*5$%',5#=-5=%?'()*.',5$$%2' 1"*#$'*.'%.1%+*5,,9'*71"2$5#$?''D"2'%&571,%4'>)*,%'7%#$5,')%5,$)'12"/%..*"#5,.'52%'12"#%'
$"'-.%'7%6*+5,',5#=-5=%'$"'+"#;%9'*#/"275$*"#4'$)*.',5#=-5=%'*.'#"$'%5.*,9'-#6%2.$""6' 89',597%#C>"7%#4'$)-.'6*//*+-,$'$"'2%,5$%'$"'89'$)".%'"-$.*6%'$)%'12"/%..*"#4'>)%$)%2'
$)%9'8%'%71,"9%%.'"/',52=%'+"715#*%.'"2')*=)'.+)"",'.$-6%#$.?''@%%2.'52%'58,%'$"'06%E 7%6*+5,*A%3'$%27.'*#'5'75##%2'$)5$'.1%5<.'6*2%+$,9'$"'$)%'5-6*%#+%?'()*.'2%.-,$.'*#' 0*#/"27%6'+"#.-7%2.?3''F9'+"#;%9*#='7%#$5,')%5,$)'<#">,%6=%'*#'5',5#=-5=%'$)5$'*.' -#6%2.$""64'1%"1,%'52%'8%$$%2'58,%'$"'75<%'*#/"27%6'6%+*.*"#.'58"-$'$)%*2'+52%'5#6' .%%<'"-$'$)%'+,*#*+5,'.%2;*+%.'$)%9'2%G-*2%?'()*.',%56.'$"'5'=256-5,'6%;%,"17%#$'"/'%52,9'
$2%5$7%#$'.%%<*#='8%)5;*"2.'5#6'*#+2%5.%.'$2%5$7%#$'+"71,*5#+%4'5,,'2%.-,$*#='*#'8%$$%2'
$2%5$7%#$'"-$+"7%.?' '
()%2%'%&*.$'5'#-78%2'"/'*#*$*5$*;%.'*#'!5#5654'$)%'5*7'"/'>)*+)'*.'$"'%6-+5$%'7%78%2.'"/'
$)%'>"2</"2+%'58"-$'7%#$5,'*,,#%..%.?'()%.%'*#*$*5$*;%.'759';%29'>%,,'25*.%'5>52%#%..' 58"-$'7%#$5,')%5,$)'8-$'$)%'6%=2%%'$"'>)*+)'."7%'"/'$)%.%'*#*$*5$*;%.')5;%'2%.-,$%6'*#' 7%5.-2%64'6%7"#.$258,%'5$$*$-6*#5,'5#6'8%)5;*"-25,'+)5#=%.'$">526.'7%#$5,'*,,#%..' 5#6'$)".%'1%"1,%'.-//%2*#='/2"7'*$'2%75*#.'$"'8%'6%$%27*#%6?'H'/"275,'%;5,-5$*"#'"/'$)%'
%6-+5$*"#5,'12"=257'#57%6'0I"*#$'J1%5<%2.'F-2%5-34'>)*+)'*.'"//%2%6'>*$)*#'$)%' K%152$7%#$'"/'L5$*"#5,'K%/%#+%'MKLKN4')5.'.)">#'5'#"$58,%'1".*$*;%'.)*/$'"++-22*#='*#' 12"=257'152$*+*15#$.O'5$$*$-6%.'*#'2%,5$*"#'$"'7%#$5,'*,,#%..?''P$'*.'8%,*%;%6'$)5$'$)%'<%9' /5+$"2'*#'$)*.'.-++%..'*.'*#'/5+$'$)%'*#+,-.*"#'"/'1%%2.'*#'8"$)'+-22*+-,-7'6%.*=#'5#6' 6%,*;%29'"/'$)%'12"=257?'
'
@%%2.'>)"')5;%'/*2.$')5#6'<#">,%6=%'"/',*;*#='>*$)'5'7%#$5,')%5,$)'*,,#%..'52%'58,%'$"' 5#+)"2'7%#$5,')%5,$)'$)%"29'*#'2%5,',*/%'%&1%2*%#+%.4'+2%5$*#='%7"$*"#5,'2%."#5#+%'>*$)' 5-6*%#+%.?''Q715$)9'*.'5'7"6%'"/'-#6%2.$5#6*#='$)5$'.1%+*/*+5,,9'*#;",;%.'%7"$*"#5,' 2%."#5#+%?'0!"#$%&'&%()*$)+$,-+.$#/+)(+-&00*$."&)$&-+)"#1$(2$#3'#1(#-%(-4$51+/$.()"(-$
)"#$51&/#$+5$1#5#1#-%#$+5$)"&)$+)"#1$'#12+-6$)"#$%&'&%()*$)+$2&/'0#$)"#$5##0(-42$+5$
&-+)"#1$+1$)+$'7)$+-#82$2#05$(-$&-+)"#182$2"+#29:;K?R?'F%2=%2<'S'KLKO.'12"=257'5+)*%;%.'
$)*.'%7"$*"#5,'2%."#5#+%'$)2"-=)'$)%'6%,*8%25$%'6*.+,".-2%'"/'$)%'7%#$5,')%5,$)' +"#6*$*"#',5$%'*#'$)%'6%,*;%29'"/'$)%'+-22*+-,-74'5/$%2'+2%6*8*,*$9')5.'8%%#'>%,,'
%.$58,*.)%6?''P#'$)*.'>594'152$*+*15#$.'52%'/"2+%6'$"'+"#/2"#$'$)%*2'">#'12%+"#+%*;%6' 5$$*$-6%.'"2'8%,*%/.'58"-$'7%#$5,'*,,#%..'5#6'52%'/5+%6'>*$)'$)%*2'">#'.$*=75?'
$
H+)*%;*#='%7"$*"#5,'5$$-#%7%#$'=2%5$,9'.%2;%.'$)%'+"=#*$*;%'="5,'"/'$2-,9'8%*#='58,%'$"' -#6%2.$5#6'>)5$'*$'*.'0$"'8%'*#'."7%"#%'%,.%O.'.)"%.3?'()*.')5.'*71"2$5#$'*71,*+5$*"#.'
>)%#'6%.*=#*#='%6-+5$*"#5,'.$25$%=*%.'5*7%6'5$'2%6-+*#='$)%'.$*=75'*#'."+*%$9' 5.."+*5$%6'>*$)'7%#$5,'*,,#%..%.?'
'
()%'8"69'"/'2%.%52+)'"#')">'5$$*$-6%.'52%'/"27%6'%52,9'*#',*/%')5.'+)5,,%#=*#='
*71,*+5$*"#.'*#'2%,5$*"#'$"'$)%'*..-%'"/'.$*=75'5#6'12";*6*#='7%#$5,')%5,$)'%6-+5$*"#'$"' 9"-$)'*#'.+)"",4'*#';*%>'"/'$)%'/5+$'$)5$'STU'"/'$)".%'.-//%2*#='/2"7'7%#$5,')%5,$)' 12"8,%7.'*#'!5#565'52%'5=%6'SVEWX4'75<*#='-1'$)%',52=%.$'5//%+$%6'5=%'=2"-1'*#'
!5#5654'9%$'$)%9'52%'$)%',%5.$',*<%,9'=2"-1'$"'.%%<')%,1?'0J$%2%"$91%.4'>)*+)'52%'85.%6'
"#'$)%'+5$%="2*A5$*"#'12"+%..4'52%',%52#%6?'!)*,62%#'/*2.$'5+G-*2%'5'+5$%="29'"/'5'."+*5,'
=2"-1'5#6'.-8.%G-%#$,9'5$$2*8-$%'+)525+$%2*.$*+.'$"'$)%'=2"-1'M*?%?4'/"27'5'.$%2%"$91%N?3' K5#*%,'F52E(5,4'(%,EH;*;'Y#*;%2.*$9?''D2"7'J)%29'Z%;9'['R%,5#*%'\*,,%#4']&/"26'Y#*;%2.*$9'
@2%..4'W^S^_'0`%+%#$'>"2<')5.')*=),*=)$%6'$)%'6*.$*#+$*"#'8%$>%%#'$>"'+"71"#%#$.'"/' .$%2%"$91%'5#6'12%:-6*+%?'()%'/*2.$'+"71"#%#$4'2%/%22%6'$"'5.'*71,*+*$'5$$*$-6%.4'*#+,-6%.' 5-$"75$*+'5#6'-#+"#.+*"-.'8%,*%/.'M.$%2%"$91%.N'5#6'5//%+$'M12%:-6*+%Na?K%;*#%'MSbTbN' )5.'.-==%.$%6'$)5$'56-,$.O'*71,*+*$'5$$*$-6%.'52%'=%#%25,,9'5+G-*2%6'6-2*#='%52,9'
+)*,6)""63'H#64'/2"7'$)%'Y#*;%2.*$9'"/'P,,*#"*.4'!)*+5="4'PZ4'YJH4'%&$25+$%6'/2"7'=+.$
>"(0?1#-$@)(4/&)(A#$B#+'0#$C()"$D#-)&0$E00-#22'M!"22*=5#'['c5$."#N?'0R5#9'56;"+5$%.' )5;%'+5,,%6'/"2'7"2%'5#$*E.$*=75'12"=257.'$52=%$*#='$)%'5$$*$-6%.'"/'+)*,62%#'$">526.' 1%"1,%'>*$)'7%#$5,'*,,#%..'5.'5'>59'$"'/"2%.$5,,'.-8.%G-%#$'12%:-6*+%'5#6'6*.+2*7*#5$*"#' 5.'$)%9'5=%'5#6'6%;%,"1?'P#'"26%2'$"'8%$$%2'-#6%2.$5#6')">'+)*,62%#'.$*=75$*A%'1%"1,%'
>*$)'7%#$5,'*,,#%..4'>%'2%;*%>%6'$)%'.-8.$5#$*5,',*$%25$-2%'"#'."+*5,'+"=#*$*;%'
6%;%,"17%#$'5#6'%$)#*+'12%:-6*+%?'!)*,62%#'5.'9"-#='5.'$)2%%'.)">'."7%'%#6"2.%7%#$'
"/'.$%2%"$91%.'58"-$'1%"1,%?3''
1 Thompson & McCreary, Attitudes and Attitude Change: Implications for the OSISS Speakers Bureau Program (Toronto, ON: Defence Research and Development Canada).
!""#$%&%
'##(%)*+#,%-#".*/%0#*/.0%+1223(.%+#(456#+
!"#$%&'()%*+(,%+-%".(
75#1.#"*".%&3/3"#/%8.#20*"#%9(#"5#(%:8&;%&<%
!"#$%&'('%)*(+%),%"-(
/0""%1'23(41(54.(67'5(3%*"(#8(+424'*"3(.%"94&%:(;'%<5*1%(4.(#1(<*"'('4+%(*..4=1+%1'(>4'5('5%(
,?//(8"#+('5%(@%<*"'+%1'(#8(A*'4#1*2(@%8%1&%(8#"('5%(<0"<#.%(#8('54.(<"#$%&'B((C(.%28(D%&2*"%D(
+%1'*2(5%*2'5(.0+%":(5%()%D('5%('%"+(E<%"*'4#1*2(;'"%..(F1$0"3(GE;FH(41(6III:(8#01D%D(
'5%(E<%"*'4#1*2(;'"%..(F1$0"3(;#&4*2(;0<<#"'(!"#="*+(41(6IIJ(*1D('5%(,%1'*2(?%*2'5(K(E;F(L#41'(
;<%*M%".(N0"%*0(41(6II7B()5%.%(1*'4#1*2:(1#1O&2414&*2(+%1'*2(5%*2'5(<"#="*+.(2%9%"*=%('5%(
.M422.(*1D(&#+<%'%1&4%.(#8('5#.%(>5#(5*9%(D%*2'(84".'(5*1D(>4'5(+%1'*2(5%*2'5(D4.#"D%".:(
%15*1&41=('5%(+%1'*2(5%*2'5(&*"%(.3.'%+(>4'541('5%(/*1*D4*1(P#"&%.B()5%(<"#9%1(.0&&%..(#8(
'5%.%(<%%"(-*.%D(414'4*'49%.(4.('5%(8#01D*'4#1(0<#1(>54&5(5%(5#<%.('#(-042D(*.('54.(<"#$%&'(
%9#29%.B((
(
'(3=#++3(%>*60#/%?05)#*1/.%'0@<@%
!"#$%&'(,%.%+#/*%0'1(%.)+2)'3#0()0,("%4%)"&5-(
P022(!"#8%..#"(41('5%(E&&0<*'4#1*2()5%"*<3(!"#="*+(*'('5%(Q149%".4'3(#8(E''*>*B((?%"(*<<"#*&5(
&#+-41%.(#&&0<*'4#1*2('5%"*<3:(&#++014'3(<.3&5#2#=3:(&#++014'3O-*.%D("%5*-424'*'4#1:(
<.3&5#.#&4*2(&*"%:(*1D(4..0%.(#8(+%*141=:("%.424%1&%(*1D(.#&4*2($0.'4&%(41(5%*2'5(&*"%B(;5%(>#"M.(
8"#+(*(<*"'4&4<*'49%(<%".<%&'49%('5*'(8#.'%".(&#++014'3(D%&4.4#1O+*M41=(*'(*22(2%9%2.(*1D(
<"#+#'%.(*<<"#*&5%.('5*'(-042D(#1('5%(<"41&4<2%.(#8(.0.'*41*-2%(249%245##D.:(.%"94&%(41'%="*'4#1(
*1D(.#&4*2(41&20.4#1B(
(
<(%A*"%!("3/,%:<;%:86;%B>&'&;%B&CD:%
!"#$%&'(6,.34#"-((
F*1(5*.(5*D(+*13(3%*".(#8(%R<%"4%1&%(*.(*1(E&&0<*'4#1*2(?%*2'5(!53.4&4*1(>#"M41=(>4'5(-#'5(
=#9%"1+%1'(*1D(41D0.'"3(*&"#..(/*1*D*B(?%(5*.(D%9%2#<%D(*1D(4+<2%+%1'%D(SC!(.3.'%+.(41(
41D0.'"3( *1D( 5*.( -%%1( &2#.%23( 419#29%D( >4'5( '5%( D%9%2#<+%1'( *1D( 0.%( #8( 41'%"1*'4#1*223(
"%&#=14T%D( +*1*=%+%1'( .3.'%+.( 41( ?%*2'5:( ;*8%'3:( *1D( S194"#1+%1'B( F1( "%&#=14'4#1( #8( '54.(
%R<%"4%1&%(*1D(54.(<%".#1*2(8*+423(41'%"%.'(41('5%(84%2D(#8(+%1'*2(5%*2'5:(F*1(>*.(*<<#41'%D(*.(
/5*4"(#8('5%(U#"M8#"&%(CD94.#"3(/#++4''%%(#8('5%(,?//(41(6IIVB(
(
:*(E%!""%C*E".3";%:8F;%>8F%
!"#$%&'(6,.34#"-((
C(>#"M<2*&%("%2*'4#1.(.<%&4*24.':(,*"3(C11(4.(*(.02'*1'(8#"(=#9%"1+%1':(-0.41%..%.:(
41.'4'0'4#1.(*1D(014#1.('5*'(>4.5('#(4+<"#9%(#"(*DD"%..(#"=*14T*'4#1*2(*1D(41D494D0*2(>#"M<2*&%(
+%1'*2(5%*2'5(4..0%.B((;5%(4.(*1(*D94.#"('#('5%(<"#$%&'(>4'541(5%"(<#.4'4#1(*.(*(+%+-%"(#8('5%(
U#"M8#"&%(CD94.#"3(/#++4''%%(#8('5%(,%1'*2(?%*2'5(/#++4..4#1(#8(/*1*D*B(
(
G1/5#%<160*(-#%
!"#$%&'(6,.34#"-(
,.B(@0&5*"+%(4.(*('%*&5%"(*1D(D%<*"'+%1'(5%*D(41(*(.%D*"3(.&5##2B(;5%(4.(<"#94D41=(*D94&%(
"%=*"D41=(&0""4&020+(D%9%2#<+%1'(*1D('5%(D4.'"4-0'4#1(#8(*1(%D0&*'4#1(+#D02%(#1(+%1'*2(
5%*2'5(>4'541('5%(54=5(.&5##2(1%'>#"MB(