IN ffi

\- I

I

I

I

I

ONCHO'CBRCIA.SIS CONTROT PROGRAMT{E

WORLD HEATTH ORGANIZATION/DEPARTMBNT OP EDUCATION

DBPARTI{ENT OT HBATTH AND SOCIAT SERVICES

SIERRA TEONE

{

{

AI{I{Uilt REPORT OF TIIE I{OTTIORITTG OF TTIE

AOUATIC ffi

IN ^{SIERRA T,EOIIE} L994195

by I!trIIIEL ^mmLLEY

tIovEltBBR, 1995 CONrt6 I

I

:

]

g

t

,%

2

=_& o

{

OocttObotehoO

},IAf,BTI

'vev

I

I

C0iTTEIfr-JS

--€i-*

jlq,

1 .ilr-llro i.rl edgerrr ent

ia.

Sirrnir,-iy

3.

In'l;::odr-rc'bion

4.

g4l,;J-ing i,[et.:ocls

5.

{.iilk,';ic

}ior:itoring res*Its

1gr4/gj

D:- ccussion aJrd. Conclusiion

P.NO.E

1

2-3

4*5

6

?-ro 11-12

Lf

'1.

Ai:rpenclix

1: i.onitoring

f.imetable ₁₃

8.

1.1-r--.ar,::; 2a ila'i;el: Pirysio-Chenica,I

Fac-;ors

14

i,i- rb

of

ii'ables and. Graphs

-

OU',;aInba. Pa;k

-

llalq-iankaN

-

^Il+saia

1C"

:):i)Iiograpfur

l( op 3. z- 5 ^J

OItrocrrrOC ttal)txI

oAll r , -;i!.'i

1

nqCI{o ttIEDGatEtlI'

E=+.,..1+t-

r

c--'lress my

sincere

^-bhanlcs

to

the o]icHo

coatrol

^prograpme

fol

^'i;he

trrovision of

resour.ces

to

carTy o;r.; bir:Ls

exercise. I ftrlly

g:ri,r'iify

the efforts of

.Lhe prograt;u:re Di:-,ector,

Cbtef

of

Yec-i;or con-lrol

unit,

ancr flre co-or(ina.Lor

of

&r-l,onologicar

sra-

IL'.a-Lj-u:t a-:rJ- Ilyd.robiol,:gy(CEEB)

for _mh;urciu;

^.il,re rnoni,6oring _{ao_}

'Lr'-r'i'i;.Le:: ancl

solic:t ^-ihelr

contintred. supi;or-b -hr ^-l;he opera.tion

of

, --.-,J utrl {J.

I

a-r-so nj.sh 'bo thauCr

the

NationaL 0o_o::cljna-bor _and. the Prj-.rrcii:al-

o,i

^ihe Ste Frarrcis Sscond,alg.scirooj_r jlakeni

for

allow_

:,-:r,.,

ire-.o

sr,lccessfully ca-rry

out the

nra,rcla-i;c

of flro

^prograFme.

Praise goes

to al1

loca1 aqthori,r.;ics ;;l-o had. mad.e

ilds

r;o:.,11

a

siLtcces6.

- 2- SUi{i..rl,1I

!Y D.

^.TIIOLLEY

*i-Lta'bj.c

lionj-toring

irad beor _an in-Legrg.l j)!.jr-t

of

^{-,cbe ''fector} Oontrol ,-iri:L',i'oi',;he

p:.st

20

years.

:'he instruneit'us r-Isr;-.rr€re

a

sc{traxe s}rapeii- ',;riDocl- cl:rif

t

nc'b and

a

1J

x

^{15 om} BcrriLroncle

fo: saii';ring drit'ting in-

ver'ue]:::;:,'les a:rd. bhe

ia-ticolous

fauna r"espectlvely.

ResclI;s f::om ^'bhe

d.rift

had. no'i; bcen

:.ble';o

^...;j-r,e

a clear

^pictr-,:e

as "c

^,ihc-bher l;ur-'ruciules ai,c rcsporrsible

for

_"lie cha;rges

in

fau:cis',ic vcrr;i lJr ancl-

-'rriation or

o';her f orces" .l,s sricli

i :;

use uas reducecl to oiie

per

moni;o::iirg season (tl-ovenber

to .i,pril) in

eaoh

of the _stations

'bo::ec'- as ii1vG1';orjr. The Bart}tomere sanpliug was rnain.fained.

to try

and-

a,scerla:.n ^'l;hc causes ofl

fawris'r;lc

chalrges.

only mori-

fully

fn

Fi-i-crra Leone,

ihc

bhvce

stations

selcc'beC. r,rere

irregularly

i:roi:-i- -Lo,'eC. itecattsc

or' the social unrest"

i'hese riere 0u-Larba Parlc, I'iakpanhalr c[1d

ji'"lso;a

on

Llle -iaba, ^R.oke1 and I'longo

llivers

resircr;-l-i

rrely.

On

the

whole; cach

cf

i;here s-;'ia-Licns ha.cl been suspended. from Ia-r'v.ici-cLe pressure since Dgcenber, 199/,. *L;; r_,t-ich ihe main

focus of this ^jlearfs

i:rouibo::iirg was

to

ascel'bain ^r,he eff ec-b

of

o l,her

forces

on

fauuristic

chairges

ii;r

i;he absence

of

larvicid.e

pressL'Je"

..;

Or-r'';arnba

Park, _a statlon with the

^{hi5'hec-b f}

aunistic diversity is at

lrr'er.,ar'! :lior.d-ng

a

rela'oive cha.[ge. Ins-beac1

of

Iil,Soneropteran

afrcl'Iri-

cop';si.3;n ijroLl)s been

the

dorminartt

la:ral

-i;l:cre vas a, dorrnlnance

of

^Dip'i;cr

ran

Ll'oLrjls

ln

ci bher C-rif

t or

surber.

- 3-

J..'

Ii3lt.41olo, a

s-bation lcto,,,m

ior

'.-Ls

irool

orv-i.r:oirmen-Ual conrli-lions,

-i

lic li.,'tio

oi'Di-p-beratl Srouprj

to

trphemcroptc::arr a:ici-;ricopterarr ^grou.ls con- -L-irurecl i"o

i;ldor"

I'he Diptera]1 droups &ccoLU'r'ucci.r.i,:.,r-tp'bo

57i

ot'bhe

Sa;j-

co -'l-otls f aLu'1.a.

.L-L

ltusr,i,

Lhe f aunis-i;ic

pici;ure

was ilrl:i1._:: ^'Lo l.{a}cpanjcaw

with

Cl:i:.o- nonii-ac ;,,seg;;.,i1'l,iug

half of

^-bire population

oi'

p:::iiroipal ta)rao

fil.r.Ls or.cr i.11 ch.1r6c

in

^'Lhc

far.rnistic

pic-i;rlle r.ri'i;h

the

clo:minance

of

Ch-.ioiroir-ilac

is; _a clear indica,tion of poot

arvironmenta] conditions.

Jhe

poor

et1.r-i-1.'ol!.rental condr-bion

is

an effec'L irc.,rn population pressLt::e (lrr-r.:rarr ;.::tr- ci-."'tLte) _-ri-rd ^'bhe use

of icth;roto:ins.

lcla"j-vcly

i-b sho*Id no'6 be

forgotten

bhe-r.-l la:rvicid.es

in

onc lray

orlhc

oil.r.cl n"Iso a,ffec-l'bhe cha:r,,es

in faluritj'ljio

C"iversity and varia-fiou

:1ii TIas.L):re1,iol1s1y observeci. .Jrt^'Lhesc

fauu:it-tic

c]:an5es due

to

farwcrcle

i)r:si-L1:--e:ic-.re no'c as pronounced. as rc'as obseftr'cri

in

;Lris season"

[his

iiea$on r:ecovcLecl prorloLiirced. changes

in

-i;a:;onomic ra-i;:-os

,:,j

^'bhe

principal

grotlpsr

- 4-

N:IJPOII.JC.?ION

Oirrce ihe incep'bion

of 0.0"P,

Larviciciiirg'

of .rivers in liest

.LJrica, ilqti-."lic no.ri'i;oring had been an

integr;:.l

]:arb o-l''l;hc

activities of

^thc

Vcc'lol Co:r-lro]

ilnit"

^{'trhe ma,i-n} ins-brurnents o-i acjLla-blc nii:nj-toring hacl bcen

a-lripol

r.;:if'L nt:-L and.

a

surber sDrnplero D;ila. haci been ob'Lained. for';11e F:,s'i ^{20 j;ca*'s r-rsing} these

tuo

ssnpling itrs'tr"un"r1-b';r

,Ls1,r.ij-vcly, bhe ir,i'orms,tion on

the

d.rif i; hacl been uncons-bntc'live and.

ha-,cl no'b l.,c;ctt i.l..,Ir:'i;o

clearly cllfferentiate-Lhe eifcct of la:v'icides,

^hur,tarr

arrcl o,;l:.cl cul th:ropo5enic a,ctir,a'cies

on

i;he ciuali-iy

of the

aquatic farura

( inve:'Lei-lr':'uc)

,

ch;pges :.n f

aunistic

d.iversi-ty ancl

pattern of

cl-rif

t.

Conccnr.:-ng Lhc Sa-:icolous sanples,

thcy

had bce-:t lcelieved 'co rito',r

a

c'Le;,iy p.-,"i;''ocrm

of

:recoloniza'cj-on

ind

^changcs

rl1

^i;he

far:nlstic

d.iver- si-i;5'

.-,

q"ia,J.i'b;- and

quantity in

betireo: period,.;

oi'

:;uspcnsion

of lar-'ri- ciclin3

ai:cl ^f

eivicirijng"

"i.s

a

re,:itI'b,

d.elibrations in the

las'c E3rd.-:o1'rrologist mee'uin6 a-L

Bot-tl;e Co Le d-t-roire recon:iaorcled

the collection of

a,

single

day arrd. :ii,-,h'i;

cl':::Lf'b ria;r't't)l-c

-ior inventory

purposes and 'uhe ma.intenance

of

^tb.e Sa;icolou.s

saflplcri;

C'rll:.trrr.,3

the

1 994/95 monj-torj-ng period..

ll:ir;

r-ecoraendatlofr was approved

by the

EcoloSica"I group, who

havc ..1.r-jo ,,oirceived 'bhat

d-rift

infovmation over ^'lhe XeaJS h"rve

tlot

porh'a;;ei-.;lJ loEical picttrre of the role of

larri:cj.d.es

in the faunis-

tic

cl:an8'es

of

^-ihe

rivers

nonitored,"

5

Dile'lo

_"L:,e spicad.

of social

dis-,;urba:rces'uo ^.:or.tc

parts of

jdorl,hclrr Ijj-e:r.:i, Lcc:re

a,eriaf larviciding

were sLtsllernd..rd

in

^Decernbcr anct. o-ilr.er. licc-

'i;c:' Cotll::o.r. i.."c-iivit:.es uerr; suspend.ed.

in Fcbru::;"

e;eept

for

Koiiraciu;u Dis'Lric'i; (.ri.c ippcnclix

1)" *"

^such

;'uation;

iii:e.iaicpankaw on ^-Uhe ilolle]- a:rd.Owi;a.rha P"u:it

on

tl:e 1(..b1', r,;ere irregul-i.,r);r;:roni.L;or"d. I"lusaia on ^,;Lc

Irio:rgo tI: i:-; :i..iJ.-g, plerri'bored ,Juriirg' 'biris

period

U1rc1ct

rcyie,"

'-lhe ,[oc;:.i

poin', of

^-bhe 1gg4/gi monj-'bori.na{ u.'.i; l;o assess

the

f;u::ri;;'uic chijr.lcs :'..r cacir sta'bion

in

';he absence

of

r;.Jiajsid.e pressureo

5-

j.X,{F;IIIG _IiE'--OUi

.irl:.e -.'oilorring s-Lations

-

Outt;unba, Pa:h', ii:d;pe;I;a,.tr a:rd. Musela

on

^LIr.c

.i(aJ:a.,

-loi;cI

^{:urr1 iiongo}

Rivers

respective}.v 11.;11i

'i.'

^'be i:roni-Uored. otlcc i'r

non'l;h _-l-o-' su::bc,. sanplcs

iron

iievolrbe::, 'Lt _{-^i;r':Li r,rrd}

sii'i3le

^day et:c[ ^nJ-gJr'o

ci:::i'b

lii.::-l-c: ii:

Fcbrtra.ry or-, l.iarch. tsrii c'luc 'l,o

.:ccirl _rulrcst,

sal:rgt1iirJ lr.r,rj

susportlecl

i'rl

0i-rta.nba P".rli Jrd- I'iakpanl<aru

in

l.ia:.chr

1)95

utd, con-iinucd. for.

-Lne iiu:,c.ii-,,

s';ation up

';o

..piilo

l,lLrc rrloccciurcs

to

^bc n,scd.

for

^i;he collec-bjr"cn

oI fu.1ft

and su-rber

ssnirlc:

r'ct.'c,ts i'o1l-or.rs;-

1 na;^ d-'-'ii'; cairple:-

uerc'lo

be colicc'ued

fo*'1!

mii:utes

only

oncc

u.li;:g

:,. d-rif

i

net"

i.

^,:ig'hl;

d-rift

samplcs

ucre-to

be coffc:c'tc;l-:ior 1C minu'i;cs only o:lcc Llsijlg a ?ripoci d-:-if't

nct.

3. I

^{iJiuber senplcs ,rerc}

to

be cclfec-beel

trlii.3 a

su-rber s.i-apIcr.

nir:::J-ili, -these prgcesses environJnental- fac-boi:s such 3s Jriver ^speecl,

'i;empo::a'Lt.rer a.'tiriospheric

con&ttions,

physio-clrEd-cau1 d-uta arrd- other

ciirzi-'oir.,.rur'L:.1- conclitions uerc

also to

be coll.ec'bcrl ^(See rlppendiJc

2).

-7-

*il--jIc-lplJggB+J\ip-

jqF-.:L:6-I)r,il92

.0J_;.rJlryr..F.*'+Til!_glE 7r

/ iuiiB-tt'gi

.)-nJi!:3

IIc:e

r,i,ll rx) ch::r,;s

in

^i,hc

far-uristic

d:iversi'L;' br-r'L... change

ln

faurr:-s'bic vi,,:i:*L.i otl cr' ,ryi.rs,-p.1.1 tir;a,

irr. ihc d.rj-ft. .jlG

^.,1-c

oit\r

recorrLed. nig'hL ^-L;i-i,tc cLlj.i'L (.D,:':c,..i;o; ,1994) .,:ecorclccl -iiie

lowcst

^'l,t-L

ri

i;J::ra"

In

^Jeceriber

rl))2,

lrl:.ei:

i

.i'v'--c.-cij.,,1 ^.r.-,.:-: aL.,o ,,it,:pa:ded, ^{'LLte l,t} -l-.1- i'aLU1,: recorded.

four'

^-iiiilc;:

zbovc ^;l'Lc r),:i;o,il:er ,1994 ^f

evcls.

r.'his incllc:'-'ceci

llo

1'ecovery

in the

,roirr-rla-

biotr"

,r,.-L

,'ciircticn

even

in

^LLrc _-rbsorce

of

i;.-*r,icic]-LnB"

-iJ

p:-'cv:,.ousIy reooldccl, ^-u]:is

staticn

rccot'C-col ^-,;he hi-ghest far-urj.:, Lj-c

ci:r,-clai':;r Lr;.i,ir Ephernerop'uere, being

the

mari: cl-o::r,,-nl;lr, Sroup. Bea-ticlac iihicl:

hac'.'bccn ';Lc n:-ju

principil 'i-t;a

i11

thc n:,3h' ,lt.lc,-.;rf'b

hrd. becn sLlperc'-,-:'.c'

by CLr-ro.Lo-.r:l-u--: e d-u::ing ^-ul.'-j.; reLlortin3

periocl.

,,-r,t;:j w,;.S

the

si-';1ia-biu.r C':.-"-i:rg

periocl-s

oi

r-Lr.speilsion

of

1z.r-n:.;.lcling bU',; coit

i?ttif,

^{-Lo periods}

of

larvi.ciclinS"

-**_:r.C.0.,,-0!i-.{:ruj;!r

Il*c::e ir.,s a;el-e,';ir,'e ^chan5e

in the fawris'iic

vl-,1r.-a-;ion

of ^principal

'la.:;a- inr-- ,he r,tcalr ni,ilitber

of

indlviclua.ls pell SLriber record.ed

the

loL'es-i;,

si-nce

-l}e

:,-nce-r'bion

of

r.roni'oori-ng.

Ia

.Dec.eiibcrl1)941

d.rif'; information

recorclecl Chj-"'ol:cnicLae

as

^{-ihe hj-1hc:r'l}

pa:-i--c.:ltal'I-}.

In

'uh.is sane month Chironomiclae :,:.s ';l:c ma.in dormir:ant slri.-j-

co l-oL,.s 'ta:*a"

In Fel:l-ra:j,,1))5.

_Sroup:r wirich had. been ob:elvcc" ^-Lo be dorr,rinant

iir

ihir,

s-ba-L:on l:ccoi;rc d-orninant. 'iuch groups r,rere Bea'Lic'-;€e

lricolythid.ac

aird ,1;r6--1q-1;;"rsh:'.d-:,e" rlrrcl Chironomid-ae

also

accout;ecl a.

siguificanJt

propo::-i;io:r

of

',ire ncair iir-,Iitbcr

of

incljviduaLs

per

sUIlo€I j-n'Lhe _caid- morr'rjh"

B

f-b i,rus'l bc iro'I;-cl tha'o e.rcn clurling perioqs

oi larviciclng,

Ephuneropterdr i,-lii- ^-- r.j.c<t-t ier.:I.

ijloups

^were -bire Corrninair-b s.r-;ic,..r louts ^-La,ta bUt ';he d.oltfli:ia,lice

ofDi;oi;e::anf,roLrpsin'r'hepefioclofl'hesLlspelx'sioiiofiarvicidingmaJno''o bc

t-n:,oit-'.ecLeci ^-bo hr,ul:ir

;nd

o'ther art-lropol'ct1ic

forces

which cause poor

ei1-/.r:toil-rc,r',:,.-l- cc,iicli.tio.'.s" ii:.il-i i.,oor enrrirorunor

iaI

ccnd"itions lrad ^'Lhe su- ppie;cic:.r g-l';ris-,ichi-a,,r:o'r-L1i ancl';he iler.clopi:lte'ili

of

microbabita'ci ilir'-cLi f :.i',,roLr-:. .,lic '-,::c,1-r iera-bioir

of j)iptcran

^{groUpli (;jee} .'irrrgrr}!.x

2)

^{(Crf f aOo -t}

aircl- P::cncii'.

J"

1?94).

,JJfli+[i[]it/i,

,{.JS.'

Ijur.:j.ng '.,i..e :ur:;per'.r;i.on

of

leLrvicidlug

in

l[ovc.ibcr t1)92

- ^ApriI

r1993t Dip';era

1ri-,.s

,:ic

t.':o:r",tilr,':-,rt 'la:;a

in

^'iLc

niSht

^birne cLrif'b. -''rj's si-i;uation rras

sltiilar

'uo ';.irc-r)ieij _c.t1

,

d-rif

I

informa-Lioif collectecl- ol11.r'-.n "l.1c month

of

Jenu;r1r.

ll:e Lo;ai

C-;ir L iitc'.ices irnllrt=/j1l ;nd.

faLlll::;'tic cliversity

renained si"itifar'

-bo p::ev.:cq: -ri3'h'; ^'ti,.-re

clrift information" fI

no-LabIe

feature

was -the con- -;ilbr,.'tiorr

oi

^{'i;a,;a .,.ire} 3eabi'J.ae

to propor-liotl: close

bo 'uhe dorminan'b Cllolr'p

Chitono,.tid-r-e" .lri-s _3ror-rp iraci

not

been signif:-can'LIy representative

of

^-lhe

d.rii

^L

i.lr

^::l:.-.s

stationr

S-i ^{JCO LCU-r} .l--i..ilii'.s

lhe

fattli1,-,ic:

tir/ersi'by

were

similar to

^pclioiLe

of

suspension

of lalrr''ioi-

c.ini;.:nci l-a1vicid.ing br.rt i;he

to"al

nunber

oi

iirrliv:Ltluirls

per

sLrrbcr <hopp'c1

';c Ievcls

^{bc-Lo''r periods}

of larrricicling.

?.claij-ve_l;r .i,[e

'i;otal

fa.r-uris-;ic

vs,ristion

chairged ^ii:-'l;h chironorniclae . ccol1;l'iiji3

lor

over

half of

^{'blr.e mean nu$ber}

of

incllvidUals

per prin- cipal

-Le;:a" -.'r'j-cop'teran aftd. Epheureropteran glol',lls lIere

poolly

::epreser-

'balj-lc

of ilie :a;:icoloug

^fauna"

-9-

ru

-uo'baLi-l;y 'i.;his i:oor fa,-uris'uic pic-ture

in thc

absence

of larvicidlng

i;l€$/

bc

c'-Lic Lo

poor

environmcntat cond.itions.

,l)ris ltoor

enrrirorunen,cal

coircll'Lio:r i;:,.rj ci'ca.tecl

by iiic

usc

of

lchtyo-bo-dir

iu fishing

rvhich 1eacls

'i;o cievc-l-opr.rorf

of

rrricroh:rbi,ca-bs r,ilrich iI_c rl6r-r.nly lcprcscn.bative

of

a.L_

;"rr

3'Loirlhr: ",:ic1

vory pooi-bris'Lichia

{jro}rJrh. JLrcl:.

nicrohabitats

clocr, rro,t

f "1",/olir-'

,\s _i-.;slif

era'bir:n

of

rlhcraclop,ucralr _a;:cl _'l.iooptcran groups.

(Iicc ;-plcnrl::

1)(C,rf

frao

_--

ct all

^1994).

rl:;arr. /

r.ruu{_Lr. /

7l / tt

^{]IER ilotico}

liui:ei:, .r

^Li,re

only stabion

i;haL had.

lot

bccn :urbj,,c-bccl

to

lchtyo.Lo::int

br.r.'; 1'r. .-. _{rlcii'i, Lcrctt-} sc'l;,ul_dn$r-bs

of

cat-bIc ra,,1cbcs aloni; ^1;hc }.longo Rivcr

n;r.'l;:Ln.

Dif iclcn',;iaI

.;',

^-thc Lo';aI

faur.istic varia-ticn of

.,.,rincipa] tsr.a chairgcd.

ii:.'bhc:i:i-rlrL

i;imc

drif'r;

incj-i<-cs clurring

ilris

rcpor.-ii.ng period..

rn..lpn1,

11. --.^ ' ,. -- r -,t

Ltic or1-:J/

ir,-:r, ^-iilrs clrif

J coll_cctccl

for fl.rir

scascirr i.,cs

total

^f aujrr.l, dlJC_

ppccl ..crcii. ^-,-imcs

j-ts

1:rcrrious r.ccord

durrng

^1,,t,: si,nc monflr, whcn la.r.rric:._

clin3 tr.-.-

aI:o

r,Ltsrrcnd.ccl.

ChirouorniC.ac rilrioir had bccm scccndary

in dominrilc3

^Jus Cacnidac

is

^-Lcr-

"i.at'i/

^Lo ]lcaiid.ac.

.rhis situation

l^ras

rliff

cicn.i; ^fr.om pcriod.

of

larvrc_.-cjng

;Jrcl sL!1,;srsion

of ]arvicidj-ng.

ilyclropsychiciac

lrcl

.l::icory,ohidac xcnlaincd

as Lr.clll;.i j)o' irlJr rcprcscn'bativc

of the

d.rii-1.

IIi'lh

^bhc ;c".rova-.I

of

larvicicLc prcssurc on ^,cl:.c t)otjr...Iation and. pronoungecl L:.trnajr ,'rrl. ca'L;1c

inf

lucnce a.loirg Lhe

rivcr

ba.i-ii:., -,usccp.liblc groLlps

lj-l;;

Dci,r'-ic'-;..,- .;11,s barr:rccl 'co

bc clrifting I

^Io

^L

i::oi,t .Uritrr,carics

to

^Lhc

iila-!il i;()rI:o,-lj.vc.I.

-10-

EuJ_C-o.ryuJ-

3i!lL;

'irhci'c rias rcl-ei;ivc1y

ir

ch3,ngs

in thc'Lota1

fa,ruri,.;uic

variation.Is

_pro-

viottcl;;

ob:c-.vcd., and lhe _.pr"il ,;otal mcan _numbcr.

of indiiridrrals

_shc,ccl

a Pic'itt"c

s--''ril

LI to

^-Lhe

uigh';

'ciurc

d.rift

indi-ces. _Thc

total

mca;r nwabcr

of

i::,c.1vici'.rr-Ir r.ccord.ccl

ei5ht

^-Linrcs belors ,hc _{,,_p:.iI} t1g931cvcIs,

f,;

r.;hc,ilIC.

bc ,o Lcci 'i;h1'l; 1,11.7icicre prc'Sur.e waij r.rso rer,iovcd. rr,ur],rg th6,t pcriocl.

Clti.'o:lr-,raic.tl: ir.ccr_rU.l.ttecl

ior

,ohrcc-qqartc1:s

c,i

^.llig 1)-.ilcipaL teu:a wi,;h

"Ei:hcnc:-.c-.,'i;er.a,

lrr(i

rrricop,ueran groups poc,rly rci)r-. rcn-iative

of thc

.jru-i_

co louli f lr.Lli1a.

otr

i)ro

irl"'i'c,

_".r.c

high prorifcr:u';ion of

Di-p-i;c::..., L,r.()ups

in

^-bhe _a.bsorce

tti r':r'vicit'c

r)'r-'cssurc mal bc cluc

to poor

cnv-i::onnq:ta^1 conditions.

( o

cc

,r1-ri, arcli:: 2) .

1TE g

oo_&

u

I O )

ii- ,:.

VN

',, p, .o7 4/

.\-,

/

o\ 7\ _o\

-

¹¹

DI.TCUoSION J]ID

Laivic:cliilt

hilcl been surspencled. on tr.ro occasions o;r'Lhe

rivers

moni-

'borerl. :-lr ,JierLa Leone. ,'hese periods nere frorn ltrovonber, 1992

to.tprir,

1-)93 ti'j-,-r'o,:r

Jecsnbetrl)){

-bo 1,he presen-L },el)or

liirS

period..

Dri-'t

i,form3'Lion ,rncr bhe

cluaiity of the

sa:icoioLls fauna had shor,nr

varrJ'ii1i; iL';c*.cs'cing- _paL-berns fr.om one

monifo::in;

,..lcasorr

to

another.

DLiritr3'

pe*iocli of larricici:ngr

_uhe

_lotal-

f aruril-Lic

varriation

does not ciraur[e bi,i'; ,]re nLurrber

of lnclividuals

pelt ^.ba;;a cotr.;intred. ^,i;o d.rop from oire ;.ieArioir ,io iir'rother,

Ihe

drop

in

^i;he .[ltrnbcr

of

_Lirriividua]s

])er

^ta.Ta

,i.r.s *,.,,",bcd.-to improve when-lhe

laflricicle j)tcssltje

1^ras removed on ^-Lire:e

;ta-Lj-ons. Bl,-l

on

i,he r.rhole Lhc

contrsry

occLirccl. Iirs.tead

of

improrring, L1.ei:':riri-rl:els _even d.rop-l;o

lcvefs

below times rilroir la:w-icid.e p:essurc ^1,ras

aplr-l.J-eci. _-Lrtr- Jrollps which r.tcte

easily susccptiblc'co

la^r.licid.es

cvqr

r.c- dt-tcc 'lrc-.:i' _-Lcv.:fs

oi'

rccur,rcnt

c

aIcI freqUcncy

in

^;hcsc

stations.

-the,nr.-'i-:t cller-.',ion'was l.ilre'l;her

it is

larvicicl-e,.: Lira-i cause

the

reduc,cioir

i:r

nrL,rltel,l i-:Jlcl 'Ltre

slight

^{changes i_n}

filrnir;.iic cl:versity.

A'b Ot-t;arrjtu, I,a-r:l:,

a station

recorcling LIre highc;;-b f cuuristrc d.iversi,cy j.:r a'; ^rr:,ci,r

(ril

_ihordng

_a lela.l;ivc

chqn6s

in

j';Luurj-s,Lic varia.Lion

in

ei-lher

surbci'ol

i,-r,rf',; sampleso irhic, msy be due ^-bo poot lrr-v€r

c{trality

due-i;o hu-

]rran Pr'cllr:lllre.

rhe

sqstajned hr.unan pressuref, cles'iloyed- bhe conrli'bj-ons

for

L}e Li'orr'r;h iurcl developmor'c

of trisbichia

rqhich

ii

^{lhe rnain} microhabi-1,_";

oi'

Ilphansl'Lrp.liei'an and r-rlgopteran groqlrse .Siucrj.cc h;.ve shown tha'u bb.e

l:,ro:--.:c;':'':i.:..rl.i

Eipleran

^groqp$

in

ar:y

sti:.tion it

an i,:rclicator

of

poor

ecol-o5i-e.,.-1- oor.rLitions.

(\ittat, J

1994)(Ca]I;:,cr-o .!\ and prend.a,

J.

19)4).

-

¹²

-

L-L ]i;'j:fenjcau, ?-r'r.vironmentar cond.itions

h;ve

becn l-_nora:

to

be poor _and

j'-t is

1.it.hel

irot surprising that

even

in

Lhe alscnce

of

1arvicid.es ^,r;he

nurnbe::

of

indLiv-j_cluals ;nd. the faunis,cic varia,.bion crid. no,u improve.

At iltisaia,

';he changes

that

occured _were facrliLa,,;ed.

by the social

d-islul'b,:;rce; r,il.rich caused. an increase

in

human ancl snimal pressure i)Ir. _"l,re iio'.So

]:asin. lthis

fur.,;her suppressecl ^..,).re sursceptible invdr_

'uebLale:;,ll-'oLEl;

riitl,

chironomid-ae accor.mting

fo::

up-bo

harf of

^the

'to'LaI i)oi-)itlafion

of principal

'Ea-1lo"t an inclica-bor

of

^poor environmental

concLi-

"ion;.

Rela;irrcly,

rulihough lar.vicicl-es aff

ect the

fauuris,lic rliversi,uy

valia_

'l,ion .'lrcL 'lLrc ntuaber

of

incliviclua,ls

p€r

d2;_3 bur.l pr.csent _{changes calrlL)lj} be tu:co:urcc'iccl Lo

the

poor envi::onmental coriili i;ions caused. by rnan a.nd.

c a'u'l 1 e.

t

-

¹³

-

APPDTDIX ₁

I[Oi'i ]:IopJli _C,i-,

Et ^EL.S_

iig

-Wg{i}A.ltiK.r

r-I

li,glr-;Ep"uE_

I

^Uovonler

Decembc:r,

17,

1g94 Janua4r,1)))

irebrurar;., ₂₅

t

^1g9j

P ^,I,

Drift

& iii-u.ber

Surbcr

coMi\i

I,I R

iligh

popula.Lion or^ peopLe.

I I I

I I

;

i I

f;f"*'o" ^ot

ⁿ

!

*_.l iia:ch

.4.i:yi

I

I I

!{{f-:tlvi'L[r

I

[-,rn,,s,vr;+

^-

iIo ^r;'er,ib cr

Dccl c.ibct

Janilli1,

B,

1)95

Ilr:b:rlar5.,

13,

₁₉₉₅

i'ier::cli

i,P;i1

Drlft

& ,jurber ,jqrber

II

.l II i I i

;

:

I

us thyo uO--

of Ic

u

ttll _n

I II II

I i

I I I

-

ⁱ

I I J

I

I

Ji

!P,S_i.Ijr:

--

''.,1

ilovcml:er

Dec er,lhef

Ja;rLi-,,r-Xr 12 1g95

FcbrLlr:rJr 11 19g5 iia::.ch 15 19g5

,i4rbel

"Iqrber

t)rift

& .5luber.

-_c.,0

^M_M

^Eli_T

^S._

Bigh popu.Iation

of

man and ca.l.;Ia

o n

|l

,

Surbcr

II

i *il.l,

L* ^ri1,

^{25 1g9j}

.oll!$Pi--3'3,a\;

14

-

.trrtrir25-a

l

-cll.-4'-'.Ii0N5.

I[0NIt0i{S

iio3 PI-I.I

-4+rit -.,4+14i -

FiI COD PMI P04 PrI.i i[03 ^P1-1.I

i'IITY

o ¹

Pi{

COND. TAiP

'r'EiP

.oc

-

?A_."

*29-... ^_

.;! f* _{I tD} JUg .

oc

.La^

:.n

J2-,i

^{. *"}

-?a-.,..

-P.

.---,

-p_-__ --

--- - ,,-.- -J

o

A

;

r)

..;

I

) 1: rrz-D 'r.ir' .lf.

co 1r{}Ll (J/A- -ii ^a

!- - ! -'-

',-

-s/l/-

^25.

Jte/.is.

J.f

i)

_"'.

t

l,' T

l-ui:J.a.

:

: ,l I J

;,il COO PH{ P04 PH,I,

ltIK-.LI-'

^1,03

Pifil.l[ii3. '

col{o. _i ]'II]Y

o OOPrll 10 P=O

--t-

II

lA

l_

oo

00

-:- !4-

-i-.!41

.L.H.

li.'ilIOil.U, IlrullITOiiilG _---w*'in

ll

Da"iriel

.lhollcy ir

Ifyctrobiologist

iticha:d BorrSuro !

^;cchnician

I'losc;l

,.'urEy

_.

a

^La,b.

^.-sslstant

*,LLc

Kalolroh J

^Drivcal.

BrBLJoqP.{iJ-[Y

GllLL

Jl!0

_^'." ^{& PnEilDi}

J" ^(lggq)

^Inf

^luclcc oi

,:one cnrrironmental fac-lors oi'L "hc

ire;hi+atcr

macroinvcr'uebrates clis'l;::ib,'-;ion

in

^two

afiaccnt tivct

brs:-nc turclcr med.i';crrerrean clima,'i,e (Dip'i,crar.l1 La,rva as

coological indi- c:'Lors,

^',/o1. 131

, irclrivcs of

il:rclrobiolo8.), S't"r-i;tgart, PP 435-447.)

2.

IIU-]-LIO[

J. ^(lgg+) I{icr:odis';rillrtlon of Lr:v;I

j]aoliciae

in

^'i;hc dry ,-cason or1

lhc

rocky sub;'brl bcs

of rivcr i'lialrl-:l

(Guinca,

VoI.

131r

*:ch

-4ycl'obiology ;'Lu'b';gart PE 46y476),

.l

" lir.

2.

^i'i

r.

J. ^I'it.

4,

^i'rr"

COD FF'I,'[

M

PC4 PPll

1 TI

t

,iuR3. _COND"

15 125.5

- ^{- .t.}

I

15 I

^61.2

Variation of total fauna in night drift indices at Outamba park

Qo

t,(,

o 2fi

2@

150 100

50 0

mar-90 dec-90 t6u-92

^{aw-92 jan-93 aw-93}

Sanpling dates

d6c-93 16v-94 ^mar-94

Variation in night drift indices : month of December at Outamba park N

35

iso

_C'

Ex

!'

^zo

.g ^1s

E,o

d 5 0

ECHIRONOMIDAE

I ^BAETIDAE

TlTRICORYTHIDAE E HYDROPSYCHIDAE

d6c-90 d6c-92 dec-g3 d6c-94

Dates

Total faunistic variation per Surber at Outamba park

oo

lt

E

.E0,

=

1M

1200 1000

800 600 400 200 0

mar-90 jan-91 t6v-92 d€c-92 ^avr-93

Sarnpling dates

jan-94 mar-94 f6v-95

Mean numbers of principal taxa per Surber sample at Outamba park

6o l!

E tr

(go

=

300 250 200 150 100 50 0

EITOTAL FAUNA TEPHEMEROPTERA trTRICHOPTERA ECHIRONOMIDAE

dec-g0 M,-C2 ^{d6c-93 dec-9+}

Datcs

,l,t

NIGHT DRIFT INDICES AND REI.ATIVE FREQUENCY OF SOME TAXAAT OUTAMBA PARK

MEAN NUMBERS PER SURBER SAMPLE AT OUTAMBA PARK DATES Drift indices

TOTAL FAUNA CHIRONOMIDAE BAETIDAE TRICORYTHIDAE HYDROPSYCHIDAE 01-Mar-90

Ozl-Apr-90 28-Nov-90 1&Dec-90 1$Jan-91 12-Feb-91 0$Feb-92 28-Feb-92 24+Mar-92

1*Apr-92 24-Nov-92 lGDec-92 2GJan-93 14-FeE93 17-Mar-93 OGApr-93 12-Nov-93 21-Dec-93 29-Dec-93 '12-Jan-94

'l$Jan-(X

1,1-Feb-94 2GFeb-94 14-Mar-94 2GMar-94 15-Apr-94 17-Dec-94

123.4 94.7 39.7 19.7 31.1 28.6 65.2 182.7 231.8 30.9 29.0 35.6 5.0 19.1 122.5 77.7 10.1 5.6 5.2 44.1 31.5 82.1 96.2 85.0 70.7 16.4 6.9

4.4 2.6 32.9 23.7 4.8 17.1 12.6 5.9 9.0 17.O 68.3 20.6 35.0 18.2 10.8 9.7 30.2 24.7 17.3 8.3 12.5 7.1 12.9 14.6 16.8 27.6 27.6

19.4 30.6 31.4 22.O 68.3 19.7 14.9 16.5 28.1 23.O 2.3 10.0 5.1 6.0 7.6 9.7 4.5 36.5 33.1 56.0 47.4 14.3 17.8 20.6 31.6 11.5 25.8

33.3 19.1 o.2 0.8 o.7 0.3 2.1 13.2 20.0 4.1 4.6 27.5 6.8 2.2 9.7 0.1 1.5 4.6 5.2 3.7 2.5 25.O 14.0 't3.4 12.9 3.8 10.0

6.3 7.8 8.0 2.8 1.7 7.5 3.2 8.9 3.2 5.6 0.5 0.8 12.0 9.3 0.6 2.5 7.3 6.9 2.4 3.1 4.1 0.8 3.7 1.6 2.2 6.6 7.2

COLEOPTERA DATES TOTAL FAUNA EPHEMEROPTERA TRICH()PTERA CHIRONOMIDAE

01-Mar-90 ^| 01-Apr-90 |

01-Nov-90 ^|

I

01-Dec-90

|

0'l-Jan-91 ^I 01-Feb-91 ^| o1-Mar-91 ^| 01-Feb-92 I I

01-FeF92

|

01-Mar-92 |

01-Apr-92 |

01-Nov-92 |

O1-Dec-92 ^I 01-Jan-93 ^l 01-Feb-93 01-Mar-93 01-Apr-93 01-Nov-93 01-Dec-93 01-Dec-93 01-Jan-94 01-Jan-94 01-Feb-94 01-Feb-94 01-Mar-94 01-Mar-(X 01-Apr-94 01-Dec-(X 01-Feb-95

10661 8261 2',t91

1

2e3l 3161 13561

I

4271 73sl 980

176 129 167 149 40 167 289 32 258 354 69 192 176 687 813 418 173 53 41 181

665 543.8 56.4 146 77.6 175.4 224.75 112.2

u5.2

100 7.8 3.4 73.4 2.4 3.6 82.4 0.4 96.2 99.2 20.2 27.6 23.8 217.8

u7.4

214.4 84.6 10.6 8.6 63.2

1

4

91

1

448

25.

102 47 18 1.6 2.4 22.2 4',t.4 20 65.6 121

26

159.21 1o5l fi7.21 1111 138.21 404.61

i

65.75]

121.61 95-41 8.8 89 155.41 6e.81

4.8 94.8 39.6 24.2 82.8 141.8 34.2M

70.8 293.2 151.8 57.4 21.4 28.2 26.4 48

10.8 o.2 o.4 6.4 o.2

1

13 5.4 12.2 0.6 0 0.6 0 o.4 2.2 0.6 1.2 0 0 1.4 0.4 0 5 0 0.6 0.6 o.2 0 0.6

Variation of total fauna in night drift indices at Makpankaw 80

70

s50 860 E40 830 E20

10 0

fev-90 d6c-90 mar-91

^mar-92

d6c-92

^mar-93

Sampling dates

dec-93 jan-94

^mar-94

Variation in night drift indices: month of January at Makpankaw

50

*ao

_o

c

g30

Ett)

tzo

.g10_o

t

0

ECHIRONOMIDAE IBAETIDAE trTRICORYTHIOAE EHYDROPSYCHIOAE

jan-91 jan-93 jan-94 jan-95

Datcs

,ii:

Total faunistic variation per Surber at Makpankaw

at,

.a(, E

cc

G'o

=

1600.0 1400.0 1200.0 1000.0 800.0 600.0 400.0 200.0 0.0

f6v-90 jan-91 tdv-92

^avr-92

jan-93

avr-93 Sampling dates

d6c-93 t1v-94

^mar-94

Mean numbers of principal taxa ^per Surber sample at Makpankaw

ul

.oo Ef E E

G'o

=

350.0 300.0 250.0 200.0 150.0 100.0 50.0 0.0

ETOTAL FAUNA IEPHEMEROPTERA trTRICHOPTERA ECHIRONOMIDAE

jan-91 jan-93 jan-94

Dates

jan-94 jan-95

:t

NIGHT DRIFT INDICES AND REI.ATIVE FREQUENCY OF SOME TAXA AT MAKPANKAW

MEAN NUMBERS PER SURBER SAMPLE AT MAKPANKAW

DATES Drift indices n

28-Feb-90 O&Apr-90 2&Nov-90

1&Dec-90 2GJan-91 07-Feb-91 lGMar-91 07-Feb-92 27-Feb-92 23-Mar-92 12-Apr-92 22-Nov-92 08-Dec-92 2&Jan-93 0&Feb-93 1$Mar-93 04-Apr-93 07-Nov-93 2$Dec-93 3GDec-93 1*Jan-94 21-Jan-94 10-Feb-94 28-Feb-94 07-Mar-94 28-Mar-94 08-Jan-95

TOTAL FAUNA CHIRONOMIDAE BAETIDAE TRICORYTHIDAE HYDROPSYCHIDAE 73.8

33.1 7.g 9.3 5.5 31.5 9.8 32.1 61.6 33.9 20.5 5.7 4.8 11.5 24.2 38.0 34.1 7.6 13.7 17.7 8.8 13.8 14.3 31.9 24.9 17.8 27.6

6.7 10.7 72.1 72.7 48.2 22.5 17.0 11.1 12.9 20.8 29.5

u.7

82.7 23.1 10.4 19.8 20.2 58.4 52.6 38.1 34.3 27.O 23.1 19.8 13.2 18.5 24.4

21.3 15.6 0.0 3.2 24.7 't6.2 29.4 3.9 5.1 10.1 16.6 1.3 0.9 18.9 8.8 6.6 8.2 2.4 11.2 8.7 16.9 17.1 21.0 11.6 9.0 8.8 19.7

2.61 2.81 0.ol o.ol 0.ol 0.0 o.ol 0.1 o.2 o.4 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.9 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.3 2.2 0.0 1.7 2.3 0.0

1.51 2.21 4.21 1.ol

1.81 1.71 3.81 7.1J 18.9 3.1 4.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.1 1.1 0.9 0.0 0.9 1.9 0.7 0.0 8.0 6.7 8.7 4.3 1.3

DATES TOTALFAUNA IEPHEMEROPTERA TRICHOPTERA CHIRONOMIDAE COLEOPTERA

01-Feb-90 01-Apr-90 01-Nov-90 01-Jan-91 01-Feb-91 01-Mar-91 01-Feb-92 01-Feb-92 O1-Mar-92 |^I

01-Apr-92 |

01-Nov-s2

|

01-Dec-92

|

O1-Jan-93 ^I 01-Feb-93 01-Mar-93 01-Apr-93 01-Nov-93 01-Dec-93 01-Dec-93 01-Jan-94 01-Jan-91 01-FeF94 01-Feb-94 01-Mar-94 01-Mar-94 01-Jan-95 01-Feb-95

195.: ⁵³¹

24 sl ol

I

30.41 221.41 401

l

1.8 28 26.6 37.6 0 0 1.2 1.8 38.2 6 0.8 5.8 2 39.6 20.8 4

1

5 26.8 7.2 4 115

164'.1

339.4 1401.:,

119.8 237.8 793.€

3&..2 222-t

u.t

24.2 76.4 71.2 92.t 3(

31.t 99 47.4 230.8 291 60 15(

8t 45.t 32., 20.1 1

17.51

fi.25t.

o.2l 3e.41 414.41 51.41 5.61

fis.21 56.21 33.21 ol

1

5.4 6 30 1.4 0 1.4 0.8 0 1.2 10 8.6 12 55.4 2 3.6

100.75 61.75 163.4 240.8 592.8 9.8 209.6 493.4 253 127 30.2 19.8 48 52.2 19.81 24.41

2s 4l

ffil

18.8 151.8 227.4 33.4 130.4 68 44.2 21.6 9.8

2l ol

o4l

1

4.4 3 0.4 11.8 5 3.2 3.6 1.6 o.4 o.2 o.2 0 o.4 2.6 1.2 12.2 9.8 1.8 0 0 0 0 0

Variation of total fauna in night drift indices at Musaia

o(l,

.9!, .E

'=

o

500 400 300 200 100 0

avr-90

^{f6v-91 mar-92}

jan-93

nov-93

Sampling dates

jan-94

mar-94

Variation in night drift indices: month of April at Musaia

s60 5so E40 [.0

920 E10

_o

E0

ECAENIDAE TCHIRONOMIDAE trBAETIDAE trTRICORYTHIDAE E HYDROPSYCHIDAE

avr-90 avr-92 avr-93

Dates

avr-94 avr-95

Total faunistic variation per Surber at Musaia

oo Il

E tr

tl,o

=

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

avr-90 f6v-91

^mar-92

jan-93

nov-93

Sampl-ng detes

jan-94 mar-94

^mar-95

Mean numbers of principal taxa per Surber sample at Musaia

rh .clo

Ea

Gq,

=

300 250 200 150 100 50 0

trTOTAL FAUNA TEPHEMEROPTERA EITRICHOPTERA ECHIRONOMIDAE

avr-90 avr-92 avr-93

Dates

avr-94 avr-95

NIGHT DRIFT INDICES AND REI.ATIVE FREQUENCY OF SOME TAXA AT MUSAIA

MEAN NUMBERS PER SURBER SAMPLE AT MUSAIA DATES

07-Apr-90 24-Nov-90 15-Dec-90

16Jan-91 14-FeF91 19-Mar-91 0&Fets92 26-Fets92 22-Mar-92 10-Apr-92 1$Nov-92 06-Dec-92 24-Jan-93 0GFets93 13-Mar-93 10-Apr-93 05-Nov-93 17-Dec-93 27-Dec-93

07-Jan-94 16-Jan-94 11-FeF9{

22-Fetsl9l 06-Mar-94 20-Mar-94 11-Apr-94 26-Aor-95

Drift indices

TOTAL FAUNA CAENIDAE ICHIRONOMIDAE BAETIDAE ITRICORYTHIDAE IHYDROPSYCHIDAE 59.1

16.3 14.1 23.9 102.6 124.O 256.0 205.7 4/.3.1 69.4 19.9 3.8 16.5 28.9 75.6 130.6 10.7 2.6 3.4 26.s 14.5 27.1 90.1 43.1 30.4 33.2 17.6

59.' 13.(

't6., 43.!

50.1

6.8 21.0 18.6 25.1 7.1 8.1 3.9 5.0 16.0 11.1 27.3 31.0 61.2 44.2 34.5 't2.4 20.2 27.2 61.5 22.9 26.9 25.5 55.5 37.3 38.9 21.0 12.4 75.1

67.(g.!

52.1 51.r 10.!

7;,

1 1.!

34.:

30., 44.1

22..

25.i

7.1 46.(

4'.t.1

43.

21.

18.

28.

32.

39.

7 2

0

7.7 1.6

0.0 0.0 0.2 o.4 0.1 0.9 1.3 1.6 3.8 4.2 0.6 2.O o.2 o.4 1.0 2.6 3.8 3.1 1.1 o.4 o.2 0.7 '1.8 1.2 1.1 0.8

6.3 11.7 5.5 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.2 5.0 0.7 6.6 1.5 0.6 o.7 o.2 0.4 1.1 2.0 3.8 3.1 1.8 2.4 0.8 1.6 1.5 2.7 8.8 0.9 6.6

5.0 10.2 22.0 7.3 11.7 15.8 2.6 4.8 2.5 1.3 3.2 3.7 2.8 2.3 2.6 3.2 8.7 5.8 6.6 10.3 't0.3 4.1 3.9 6.2 20.6

DATES TOTAL FAUNA TRICHOPTERA CHIRONOMIDAE COLEOPTERA

01"Apr-90 01-Nov-90 01-Deo90 01-Jan-9'l 01-Feb-91 01-Mar-91 01-Feb-92 01-FeF92 01-Mar-92 01-Apr-92 01-Nov-92 01-Dec-92 01-Jan-93 01-FeF93 01-Mar-93 91-Apr-93 01-Nov-93 01-Dec-93 01-Dec-93

01Jan-94 01-Jan-94 01-Feb-94 0'1-FeF94 01-Mar-94 01-Mar-94 01-Apr-94 01-Jan-95 01-FeF95 01-Mar-95 0'l-Apr-95

27',t.8 8 327 152.6 't86 31.25 213.6 157.4 74.4 75.4 7.2 33.2 30.2 29.2 19.8 100.2 6.4 22.6 20.6 ar.6 13 75.2 91.2 81.6 42.2 55.4 52.4 37.6 45 12

28.8 0 22.8 3 41.6 5.5 14.2 58.6 25.4 14.2

1

0.6 1.4 1.2 2.8 8

1

0.8 0.6 4.2

1

2.2 6.2 3.6 7.4 16.4 3.2 2 3.6 0.8

16.8 0.66 15.2 7 37 4 63.6 16.4 15.8 32 0 0 0.2 1.6 2 25.4 1.4 o.2 0 0.6 0.4 3.2 8.8 13.2 6 23.2

'1.2 1

7.2 0.2

117.8 5.99

2v.2

111.2 74.6 't3 112.6 58 23 13.2 3.6 28.4 21 19.4 11.8 51.6 2.2 18.6 19.4 57.2 10.2 62 66.4 54.6 27.2

11

43.2 31.2 26.E 8.2

o.2 0 0 o.4 0 2.5 0 0 't.6 1.4 0.8 0.6 0 0 0.4 1.8 0.2 0.6 0 0.6 o.2 0 0 0 0 0.6 0 0 0.2 1.2 Rr