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العولمة والأجناسية الجديدة قراءة في تحولات النظرية الأدبية

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(1) 2009‫ א‬8  ‫ א

(2) אא‬. 193  .  

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(6) .

(7) 2009‫ א‬8  ‫ א

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(9) .

(10) 195.  2009‫ א‬8  ‫ א

(11) אא‬. M oA%%F‫א‬207‫א‬Oh0.‫א‬EGGF!‫א‬207‫א‬0A('ED0‫א‬0A‫א‬9X5 ,r‫" א‬KKKh0 r#‫א‬8 ( +!@ J‫א‬,A )!S. ‫א‬A "7‫א‬0g‫אא‬8g20 w JO% %F‫ א‬207‫ @א‬J l/^ ‫א‬,r‫ ؛א" א‬Q[Š @0 g‫ א‬,  ^ ‫ <א‬D‫א‬O،tu‫א!('א‬+x@0g‫ א‬, N"‫!)'א‬/S^‫'א‬gN‫א‬  +  ". ‫א‬0g‫א א‬8 Q aƒA ‫א‬+ ‫   א‬l/,   Š !sS  K(7)@9()‫א‬ ‫א‬QR . ‫ א‬/€‫]א(א ! א‬7 6 5_ /1‫א‬,/B8“8 !(: ; '،e( je =+!”'  #‫ א •א‬N" ‫@א‬0w   %h  %    /!F@07‫א‬gN‫א‬K/0P!‫א‬45wA""7‫א!א‬K‫אא‬  !‫א‬F #‫אא‬2، ‫א‬A ‫א‬8 (  +)‫  אא‬/Y l/ Ee oZ +" Š !sSƒN" ‫א‬8M،% %F‫  אא א‬J8 ," , JE'  #‫א‬  K(8)@\‫•א‬E"‫א‬,r‫א"א‬f!O+Q[ZQa Gw 2Z–،HL "S‫א‬b /0="‫@א‬0 a #‫א‬,r 1‫א‬KS-"‫א‬+ O‫א‬0E" S‫א‬8 (s‫!•א‬#‫(=]א‬9Z، #‫!•א‬#‫א‬/0P%dr45  1‫ <א‬W  #‫א‬QP!"‫א‬$‫א‬F‫א‬c( 1‫ א‬r،<R/S09a"c( 0A (O'  #‫ < !‰א‬z7Z. ‫א‬K‫א‬0 9a"7‫א‬b(" @ / ZKE€  K97‫א‬ —/ + o ,  907‫א‬M o5 +2 R. ‫א‬4#‫@א‬0 7‫< א‬ :  6=" ‫ א‬37‫ א‬M o#‫ 'א‬6d"KS ‹ !‫—א‬/ $‫ א‬F‫א‬ XZ8 ?8 /‫ ˜א‬Z??:/e!/?8,e5b;:;،1‫א‬KS9-"‫א‬ X Ng J9 /S،@ /$‫ א‬%Z = /5G (‫א‬0 =J9 /S s‫א‬$‫ א‬%#‫  א‬A \ / –$‫א‬%# 9™ /G6 ‫א‬X0 ‫ א‬ZXZX‫א‬90 /, $‫א‬%#‫א‬W, !"‫א‬/0J @$‫ א‬%#‫ א‬G ( g+!‫"*א‬r#‫Šא‬wcX0‫א‬f/0[F‫א‬8(37‫א‬$‫א‬%#‫א‬XZ  K(9) b 6Š  9M"‫א‬G (@  D P!7‫ אא‬8 • !#‫ א‬/0P!2،X;5  //Jb ‫א‬D<+%2EP!Ž@0j$‫א‬%#‫א‬vXZEM2،,"7‫א‬ : e j0)  5O 6"‫א‬: ;X M/XZ6/0o،2jF‫א‬96"D, ' l7‫Šא‬62،$‫ א‬F‫א‬K‫! א‬DP! /f %Z lE E€‫  א‬#‫א‬ ,/ "‫( šא‬S5 !M–X M/8 0 9a"‫ @ Šא‬R‫א‬$‫א‬0A ›E /8 A$ ! ›E /?' ‫א‬0s ? (‫א‬%#‫ Šא א‬XB، l7‫א‬8 %Ew  "‫א‬ ^Z$ !‫ *א‬P%^Zg ‫ *א‬P!‫ א‬Nr88Me‫;א‬K35Oex 0)‫א‬/0x 8 (š / /$‫ א‬545* ‫ א‬x'%‫א šא‬X %F‫א‬9X5،(10)@ l7‫ *א‬P%    !" #$ %& ' #&    ‫        ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬:    

(12) .

(13) 2009‫ א‬8  ‫ א

(14) אא‬. 196. $‫ א‬F* ‫א‬H0 / $ /œ ‫א‬,  : ;,، /€‫א‬e D‫א‬  KEKKK'()"‫?א‬07‫א‬،ED0‫א‬/‫א‬0‫א‬F'()"‫א‬  0A‫א‬90G(,Mo+g%Z”r#‫ א‬#‫א‬$‫א‬%#‫אא‬0"‫א‬9X5 * ‫‚א‬0 " %0‫* Šא‬+)" ‫Šא‬j<j.‫א‬07‫א‬،' #‫א‬$‫א‬  N r8E2،$‫ א‬%#‫א‬WE‫ א‬1‫א‬:ž"dd3‫א‬1‫א‬%Š (‫ א‬5 !‫א‬G- jZ?‫ א‬/ Ÿ ??KXS?،%0)‫א‬MM)"‫א א‬9 E(Z    8 ،4Z a45 %3 a8  X‘^02^ZG( ‫•א‬   #‫א‬$‫ א‬%#‫ א‬/0P%w D8 ¡ ‫א‬0  : ;, ، Z ! !‫א‬ S+%#،vL  Ee +A D¢ :+" E' "7‫א‬G (vA(‫א‬ ' 9 zZ' g]Q a^Z, "+/  0/6' "‫ א‬JQ a45H + . ‫ א‬7‫א‬f 67‫א‬K R‫ ?א‬j‫א‬KS Š  1‫א‬6=!/S:2 ¡ ‫א‬b M‫א‬W *š 7‫א א‬, P/f 6!7‫Š אא‬، /0P!‫א‬:  +(*  K(11)@e286‫א‬YS!( 0g  (e %#*š 7‫א א‬: ;~0L ,¤$7‫א‬L'%‫א¡אšא‬ ‫א‬0 o '%‫א ¡א šא‬G /،e"‫א‬D*š 7‫) א א‬،e"/0x9, ¤ , ‫אא‬8 X# ،‫א‬0L ‫‘ *א‬F J‫א‬e0 o, ()"‫ א‬+2X M/@ / SX2/wD0A(,K6" #‫!•א‬#‫א‬09av)"r‫א‬+mO)‫א‬  #‫ א‬ED0‫ @א‬R‫א‬W   "7‫ 'א‬M%S‫א‬Q3B "‫א‬: ;  Oz:L    K$‫א‬F‫א‬X!2E‫א‬K)L"M7‫א‬WEg‫ א‬XE!‫א‬ K ^ ‫)" ?א‬7‫ א !‰א‬+m45  D  $‫ א‬545 !‫ א‬9 ,  '  ZŒ! ='( )"‫א‬$‫ א‬F‫>א žא‬7‫א * !‰א‬H0 / 7 90 v‫  א‬/Q M oZO0E"  E9%5A* (8  S  #‫ א‬Mo#2،¡  "(  0E"،/€‫א‬v!‫@Šא‬/DN(O,r/Z9A%)d 8 /Z8 AWNg D v H  X "2]"2،(12)@Q "‫" א !‰א‬M‫@א‬0 ‫;א‬   /€‫א€!Œא‬،h0 rZ  Z• !Z8 'B  , M‫! •؟‬#‫'א‬B   20r]‫א‬b ‫א‬f /08 ( sDh0 rZ  Z• !ZZŒ! €, /  Eg‫ א‬  K(13)@"‫א‬  W'()"‫ א‬#‫א‬O  01 XZ !20( '()"‫ א‬$‫א‬F‫ א‬K0 'ED0‫ א‬0A‫ א‬8( _/1‫ א‬v!3Z !‫ א‬c( v5 O ,w)‫ ƒ א‬X WMM)"‫ א‬8 Q[?K?K" ?  (90)7‫ א‬KE7‫ א‬e! K )"‫  א‬،/ ' Z Œ!= '(‫א‬F‫א‬ Z Œ!€ ,/  Eg‫   א‬/€ Œ != ‫ א‬X#، E2?X% ??%S   !" #$ %& ' #&    ‫        ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬:    

(15) .

(16) 197.  2009‫ א‬8  ‫ א

(17) אא‬. X" 2]^ZG( "‫ א‬20r]‫א‬b‫א‬f/08(E /Dh0 rZ Z•!Z .‫א‬EY0Z8 #‫א‬FK(‫א‬F‫א‬$EA^“'( )"‫א‬$‫ א‬F‫א‬X2  H   MoZ8K96Z:;,D@ 8Mc 1‫א‬mŠK9  K(14)@'"‫"א‬%F‫א‬O@/‫ א‬1‫Šא‬K9„‫א‬+9!MsD 8 (Z ?la fin de la littérature #‫ א‬/+%?8 XZ' 6‫א‬8 e  K e F‫א‬K،K،2،eL "%‫؛‬post modernité  3‫א‬1‫  א‬0 zM) H0 6‫א‬8 K /+!‫_א‬/ J450 P!‫א‬XMFX‫;א‬5،zl7‫א‬KX%F‫א‬ ,/  Z N 7  ¥‫ ) ›א‬#‫א‬K 9X 2K/‫ א‬XN (5e 9%ZG (œ!‫א‬   8 v !‫א‬, R 9J*/ ZP%XZX0/8/‫א‬Wg)"7‫א‬0RZ^ZG(  KInteractive Literature'()"‫ א‬#‫א‬Z'()"‫א‬$‫א‬F‫א‬e(›6A/‫' ؛‬j7‫א‬  N r8  J‫ 'אא‬0a‫›א‬6A E 0‫א‬KN 7‫א‬K   E $‫ א‬F‫א‬WK-6A G (_ J‫א‬0 R/?Virtuel Reality?Hypertext?'-6A   #‫א‬،' Z !M"‫ א‬#‫א‬،' !M"‫ א‬#‫א‬،'( )"‫ א‬#‫א‬،'( )"‫א‬ Wa"L 7‫(! א‬c 7‫א‬- j‫ <א‬K-6A7‫'א‬ED0‫ א‬#‫א‬،'%>MF‫א‬  #‫א‬W ‫ א" ]א‬N r8 Œ= %‫ א ^א‬/€‫  'א‬#‫ אא€ !Œא‬G ( 45,r ? +"O?' M/š‫א‬E2?% #‫א‬RJ‫ א‬+S،!M"‫א‬ * ( ‫א‬06 jS‫ ! א‬0‫א‬KN 7‫א") ('? < א‬$‫ א‬F‫א‬ _ J‫א‬W k J E  "7‫ ]^א!) 'א‬0‫ ! א‬96،/-"‫א‬ _/ 1‫'א‬B   ،?!  9E‹? ' % #‫ 'א‬g‫א‬0‫?א‬,‫^?א‬0A7‫א‬  Ke!JOe!(  JOf z„‫ א‬/  Z !Interactive Literature'( )"‫ א‬#‫א‬, Rs ,a"L /،R/1‫! א‬M"‫א‬K %M50ER"/،ž‫א>א‬,()"‫א‬e‫א‬D،!"‫א‬ žg ‫ א‬M oZ "¦ zm/،Hypertextž ‫>א‬7‫! א !‰א‬G ( O" /^‫ א")('א‬#‫א‬9X5،%>MF‫ א‬#‫א‬WŠEHypermédia @ 9"7‫א‬ Ÿ‫ א‬5O@ /h§?> /e 9%Zz: oS،R/1‫! א‬M"‫)  Šא‬mA DN(  K(15)@QM)"‫א‬f6!7 ‫א‬G!79"%‫א‬J8(09/e9%ZE،c‫א‬  2R‫א‬45$ 67‫ א‬238 KS9 -"‫א‬: 8 (vN ¨'( )"‫ א‬#‫א‬0 9/  !M"‫—א‬/ " /€‫  'א‬#‫— אא€ !Œא‬/ X> /، %>MF‫א‬  () /‫ א‬9Z< ‫ א‬2،z( ‫ א‬E+!~ S‫א‬, –،@0 7‫א‬  K'AdL‫א‬0EM‫!(א‬OP‫ א‬9-"‫Œא‬/,L7 X M/N2‫ א") ('؛‬#‫א‬8E j  "%5!A "•Z~0o()"‫א‬9X5 $ 7‫א‬J 8 ( /]Z  J ' "7‫א‬G 6(Z‫;א‬5zS5 () #‫א‬A    !" #$ %& ' #&    ‫        ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬:    

(18) .

(19) 2009‫ א‬8  ‫ א

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(22) 199.  2009‫ א‬8  ‫ א

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(26) 2009‫ א‬8  ‫ א

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(28) .

(29) 201.  2009‫ א‬8  ‫ א

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(34) 2009‫ א‬8  ‫ א

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(37) 203.  2009‫ א‬8  ‫ א

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(40) 2009‫ א‬8  ‫ א

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(42) .

(43) 205.  2009‫ א‬8  ‫ א

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(46) 2009‫ א‬8  ‫ א

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(49) .

(50) 207.  2009‫ א‬8  ‫ א

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(54) 2009‫ א‬8  ‫ א

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