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Le Dhamma par le jeu d’esprit et de la langue : le Vajirasāratthasaṅgaha, texte pāli du Nord de la
Thaïlande (XVIe siècle)
Javier Schnake
To cite this version:
Javier Schnake. Le Dhamma par le jeu d’esprit et de la langue : le Vajirasāratthasaṅgaha, texte pāli du Nord de la Thaïlande (XVIe siècle). Littératures. Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2018.
Français. �NNT : 2018PSLEP025�. �tel-02141367�
Le Dhamma par le jeu d’esprit et de la langue :
le Vajirasāratthasaṅgaha , texte pāli du Nord de la Thaïlande (
XVIesiècle).
Soutenue par : Javier SCHNAKE le 15 juin 2018
École doctorale de l’EPHE – ED 472
Spécialité : HISTOIRE DES RELIGIONS ET ANTHROPOLOGIE RELIGIEUSE
THÈSE DE DOCTORAT
de l’Université de recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres PSL Research University
Préparée à l’École Pratique des Hautes Études
COMPOSITION DU JURY :
M. Michel ANTELME
Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales Rapporteur
M. Oskar von HINÜBER
Université de Freiburg (Allemagne)
Membre de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres Rapporteur
M. François LAGIRARDE École Française d’Extrême-Orient Président
M. Peter SKILLING
École Française d’Extrême-Orient Examinateur
M. Chanwit TUDKEAO
Université de Chulalongkorn (Thaïlande) Examinateur
Dirigée par : Nalini BALBIR
COMPOSITION DU JURY :
M. Michel ANTELME
Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales Rapporteur
M. Oskar von HINÜBER
Université de Freiburg (Allemagne)
Membre de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres Rapporteur
M. François LAGIRARDE École Française d’Extrême-Orient Président
M. Peter SKILLING
École Française d’Extrême-Orient Examinateur
M. Chanwit TUDKEAO
Université de Chulalongkorn (Thaïlande) Examinateur
Dirigée par : Nalini BALBIR
THÈSE DE DOCTORAT
de l’Université de recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres PSL Research University
Préparée à l’École Pratique des Hautes Études
Le Dhamma par le jeu d’esprit et de la langue :
le Vajirasāratthasaṅgaha , texte pāli du Nord de la Thaïlande (
XVIesiècle).
Volume I. Texte pāli
Soutenue par : Javier SCHNAKE le 15 juin 2018
École doctorale de l’EPHE – ED 472
Spécialité : HISTOIRE DES RELIGIONS ET ANTHROPOLOGIE RELIGIEUSE
Abréviations pour les sources utilisées
Vajirasāratthasa ṅ gaha :
B éd. Bangkok C ms. Colombo Cha ms. Chaiya P ms. Paris Ph ms. Phrae
Pp ms. Phnom Penh Y ms. Yangon
Vajirasāratthasa ṅ gaha- ṭ īkā :
Pc ms. Paris
Ppc ms. Phnom Penh Phc ms. Phrae
Yc ms. Yangon
Table des matières
Prologue ... 4
Chapitre 1. ādi-saṅketa ... 8
Chapitre 2. anta-saṅketa ... 24
Chapitre 3. ādy-anta-saṅketa ... 26
Chapitre 4. majjha-saṃhata ... 34
Chapitre 5. paṭilomakkhara ... 37
Chapitre 6. līnantarakkhara ... 39
Chapitre 7. dvatthaka ... 41
Chapitre 8. loka-saññaṅkita-saṅkhya ... 48
Chapitre 9. vaṇṇa-saṅkhya ... 49
Chapitre 10. silesaka ... 53
Chapitre 11. ādi-padottara ... 58
Chapitre 12. majjha-padottara ... 59
Chapitre 13. anta-padottara ... 60
Chapitre 14. pañha-samottara ... 62
Chapitre 15. saddatthaka ... 65
Chapitre 16. guḷha-padatthaka ... 67
Chapitre 17. paheḷi ... 69
Chapitre 18. yamaka ... 84
Chapitre 19. pakiṇṇaka ... 95
Envoi... 190
Colophon VSS ... 191
Colophon de la VSS-ṭ ... 193
[Prologue]
1Namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammā-sambuddhassa.
[Com.] 2nam’ atthu.
vajira-ñāṇa-sambuddhaṃ dhamman tena sudesitaṃ, Saṅghañ c’ ass’ orasaṃ puttaṃ vandāmi hotu sotthi me.
1. santaṃ santehi pūjitaṃ Buddhaṃ Buddhena desitaṃ,
Dhammaṃ Dhamma-varaṃ laddhaṃ Saṅghaṃ Saṅgha-varaṃ name.
[1.] ahaṃ bhaddanta-siri-Ratanapañño nāma santaṃ rāgādi-kilesa-pariḷāha- vūpasamitaṃ santehi sappurisehi pūjitaṃ Buddhaṃ Sammā-sambuddhaṃ name namāmi Buddhena Sammā-sambuddhena3 desitaṃ, Dhammaṃ sapariyattikaṃ nava- lokuttara-Dhammaṃ name namāmi Dhamma-varaṃ magga-phala-nibbāna-saṅkhātaṃ agga-dhammaṃ laddhaṃ paṭiladdhaṃ, Saṅgha-varaṃ khattiya-brāhmaṇādi- samūhānaṃ uttamaṃ Saṅghaṃ aṭṭha-ariya-puggala-samūhaṃ name namāmi.
2. b’-ādi-ghanta-ttayaṃ vande kā-vā-mā-tividhādaraṃ, tass’ eva ānubhāvena sotthi me hotu sabbadā.
[2.] ahaṃ ādaraṃ katvā b’-ādi-ghanta-ttayaṃ bu-ādi-gha-pariyosānaṃ ratana- ttayaṃ kā-vā-mā-tividhā kāya-vācāna-māna-saṅkhātehi tῑhi dvārehi vande vandāmi.
sotthi tass’ eva tassa eva ratana-ttayassa tassā eva vandana-kriyāya vā ānubhāvena me sabbadā hotu.
1 Uniquement dans C. P namatthu. Y namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammā-sambuddhassa, koṭisahassa- hatthinaṃ bala-dhāraṃ tatthāgataṃ abhivandiya vakkhāmi attha-vara-saṅgahaṃ.
2 Yc namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammā-sambuddhassa.
3 Pc Sambuddhena.
3. 4pubbācariya-sῑhānaṃ mataṃ nissāya sādhukaṃ, sāratthaṃ uddharitvāna ganthantarodadhodarā.
4. 5nānā-sukhuma-saṅketa-gatesv atthesu sotūnaṃ, gambhῑra-buddhi-cāratthaṃ Bajrasāratthasaṅgahaṃ
5. pavakkhāmi samāsena, nisāmayantu sādhukaṃ, tan nindāpagatā santā buddhi-visada-kāmino.
[3.–5.] ahaṃ sāratthaṃ sāratthavantaṃ bandha-jātaṃ ganthantarodadhodarā nānā-añña-gantha-saṅkhāta-samudda-gabbhato uddharitvāna porāṇācariyehi racita- bandhaṃ lakkhaṇa-gahaṇa-vasena ukkhipitvāna, pubbācariya-sihānaṃ mataṃ sādhukaṃ nissāya nissayaṃ katvā, sotūnaṃ janānaṃ nānā-sukhuma-saṅketa-gatesu atthesu gambhīra-buddhi-cāratthaṃ gambhīra-ñāṇa-pavattanatthaṃ Bajrasāratthasaṅgahaṃ vajira-khandha-sadisa-sāratthavantaṃ bandha-jātaṃ samuccayaṃ pakaraṇaṃ samāsena pavakkhāmi. santā sappurisā, buddhi-visada-kāmino ñāṇa-tikkha-bhāvam icchantā, nindāpagatā garahato apagatā mayā vuccamānaṃ taṃ Bajrasāratthasaṅgahaṃ, sādhukaṃ nisāmayantu suṇantu upaparikkhantu vā.
6. ādi-anta-tad-ubhaya-saṅketaṃ majjha-saṃhataṃ, paṭilomakkharaṃ lῑnantarakkharañ ca dvatthakaṃ,
7. loka-saññaṅkita-saṅkhyaṃ vaṇṇa-saṅkhyaṃ silesakaṃ, ādi-pādottaraṃ majjha-anta-pādottaraṃ tathā
8. pañha-samottaraṃ saddatthakaṃ guḷha-padatthakaṃ, paheḷῑ-yamakañ c’ eva pakiṇṇakan ti mātikā.
4 Les vers a et b se trouvent également dans la Paramatthabindu-ṭīkā (ms. Paramatthabindu-ṭīkā, ole 3, ligne 7).
[6.– 8.] “ādi-anta-tad-ubhaya-saṅketaṃ ādi-saṅketaṃ anta-saṅketaṃ, ādy-anta- saṅketaṃ, majjha-saṃhataṃ, paṭilomakkharaṃ, lῑnantarakkharaṃ ca, dvatthakaṃ, loka- saññaṅkita-saṅkhyaṃ, vaṇṇa-saṅkhya, silesakaṃ, ādi-pādottaraṃ, majjha-pādottaraṃ, anta- pādottaraṃ, tathā pañha-samottaraṃ, saddatthakaṃ, guḷha-padatthakaṃ, paheḷi, yamakañ c’
eva, pakiṇṇakaṃ” iti ekūnavīsati-ppabhedā mātikā veditañ ca.
tatrāyaṃ vacanattho. “ādi-bhūtaṃ yev’ akkharaṃ saṅketaṃ saṅketa-kāraṇena dassitaṃ etthā” ti ādi-saṅketaṃ. “bandhaṃ anta-bhūtaṃ yev’ akkharaṃ saṅketaṃ saṅketa-karaṇena dassitaṃ etthā” ti anta-saṅketaṃ bandhaṃ. “ādi-anta-bhūtā yev’
akkharā saṅketā saṅketa-karaṇena dassitā etthā” ti ādy-anta-saṅketaṃ. “pādassa ādi- anta-bhūtakkharā ca tad’ anantarā ca akkharā ca majjhe saṃhatā pādassa majjhamhi aññamañña-payutta-vasena saṃharitā saṅghaṭitā etthā” ti majjha-saṃhataṃ.
“paṭilomena vācitaṃ6 akkharaṃ etthā” ti patiḷomakkharaṃ. “lῑnantara-bhūtā akkharā aññamaññaṃ payuttā etthā” ti lῑnantarakkharaṃ. “saddattha-saṅkhyattha-saṅkhātā dve atthā etassā” ti dvatthakaṃ. “loke pākaṭā loka-saññaṃ Sineru-samuddādi-nāmaṃ loka-saññāya aṃkitā lakkhitā saṅkhyā etthā” ti loka-saññaṅkita-saṅkhyaṃ.
7“kādῑritā nava-saṅkhyā kamena ṭādi-yādi ca,
pādayo pañca-saṅkhyā ti suññā nāma sarā-ñā-nā” ti
iminā Saddabindu-pakaraṇe vutta-lakkhaṇena vuttāya akkhara-lekhāya likkhitā saṅkhyā etthā” ti vaṇṇa-saṅkhyaṃ. “ekam eva padaṃ silisati anekatthaṃ allῑyati vācaka-vasena etthā” ti silesakaṃ. “ādi-pādamhi ṭhitaṃ uttaraṃ visajjanaṃ etassā” ti ādi-pādottaraṃ. “majjha-pādamhi ṭhitaṃ uttaraṃ etassā” ti majjha-pādottaraṃ. “anta- pādamhi ṭhitaṃ uttaraṃ etassā” ti vā8 anta-pādottaraṃ. “pañhena samaṃ sadisaṃ uttaraṃ etthā” ti pañha-samottaraṃ. “sadde9 yeva attho etassā” ti saddatthakaṃ.
“guḷho10 siliṭṭha-pada-sandhinā lino apākaṭo padattho etthā” ti guḷha-padatthakaṃ.
“paheḷeti upaṇḍeti parihāsaṃ karoti paṇḍita-mānino maṇḍa-pañño tesaṃ māna- maddanatthaṃ etāyā” ti paheḷi bandha-jātikā sā
6 Pc vācikaṃ
7 Sadd-b 2.
8 Ce mot ne figure pas dans Yc.
9 Yc saddo
10 Pc guḷhā.
11“yāte dutiyan nilayaṃ garumhi saka-gehato, pāpuṇeyyāma niyataṃ sukham ajjhayanādinā.
12 kālo ghasati bhūtāni sabbān’ eva sah’ attanā,
yo ca kāla-ghaso bhūto sa bhūta-pacaniṃ pacī” ty ādikā.
“yamā sama-suti-vasena yugaḷā padakkharā atthi etthā” ti yamakaṃ kin taṃ13“‘sujanā
’sujanā sabbe’ ty ādikaṃ bandha-jātaṃ. “nāna-ppakārā atthākiṇṇā vikiṇṇā etthā” ti pakiṇṇakaṃ nāna-ppakāra-vikiraṇattha-vacana-pabandhanaṃ.
ayaṃ mātikā padānaṃ viggaho.
11 Subodh 112. (=VSS 146)
[Chapitre 1. ādi-sa ṅ keta]
9. ādy-akkharaṃ va dasseti bandha-cheko kavissaro yattha taṃ ādi-saṅketaṃ viññeyyaṃ bandha-viññunā
[9.] idāni lakkhaṇaṃ dassetuṃ “ādy-akkharaṃ vā” ity ādi vuttaṃ.
bandha-cheko bandhamhi dakkho kavissaro, yattha bandhe, ādy-akkharaṃ va ādi- bhūtaṃ akkharaṃ eva saṅketa-vasena, dasseti taṃ bandha-viññunā bandha-lakkhaṇa- vijānana-paṇḍitena14, “ādi-saṅketaṃ” iti viññeyyaṃ.
10. bu dha saṃ maṅgalaṃ loke dukkha-nāsa-karaṃ varaṃ. bu dha saṃ saraṇaṃ gaccha sukha-kāmo si ce tuvaṃ.
15vuttam pi c’ etaṃ.
[10.] lakkhyaṃ dassetuṃ “bu dha san” ty ādi vuttaṃ. tatrāyaṃ yojanā :
loke sakala-loke, maṅgalaṃ maṅgala-bhūtaṃ, varaṃ uttamaṃ, bu dha saṃ Buddha- ratanaṃ Dhamma-ratanaṃ Saṅgha-ratanaṃ, dukkha-nāsa-karaṃ ti-saraṇa-gatānaṃ saggānaṃ Apāyādi-dukkha-vināsa-karaṃ hoti. tuvaṃ ce sukha-kāmo si tuvaṃ, bu dha saṃ Buddha-ratanaṃ dhamma-ratanaṃ saṅgha-ratanaṃ saraṇam upeti, gaccha gacchāhī ti.
11. 16Buddho maṅgala-sambhūto Sambuddho di-pad’-uttamo Buddha-maṅgalam āgamma sabba-dukkhā pamuccati17.
12. 18dhammo maṅgala-sambhūto gambhῑro duddaso aṇuṃ dhamma-maṅgalam āgamma sabba-dukkhā19 pamuccati20.
14 Pc et Ppc bandha-lakkhaṇaṃ vijānana-paṇḍitena.
15 Seulement dans C et Ch et Pp.
16 Mdb 2.
17 Éd. (Mdb) pamuñcatu, C pamuccare, P pamuñcati.
18 Mdb 3.
13. 21saṅgho maṅgala-sambhūto dakkhiṇeyyo anuttaro saṅgha-maṅgalam āgamma sabba-dukkhā22 pamuccati23.
[11.–13.] “Buddho maṅgala-sambhūto” ty ādi sādhaka-vacanaṃ suviññeyy’
atthaṃ24.
14. “bu dha saṃ” ty akkharaṃ ādi-saṅketaṃ racitaṃ mayā, yāma taṃ maṅgalaṃ seṭṭhaṃ saraṇan ti mayaṃ sadā.
[14.] “bu dha saṃ” ty akkharaṃ “bu dha saṃ” iti akkharavantaṃ, ādi-saṅketaṃ ādy-akkharena lakkhitaṃ bandhaṃ, mayā racitaṃ, mayaṃ sadā maṅgalaṃ maṅgala- bhūtaṃ, seṭṭhaṃ taṃ Buddhādi-ratana-ttayaṃ, saraṇaṃ iti yāma gacchāma.
15. yassa dasakkharā a saṃ vi su lo a pu sa bu bha, vacasā paguṇā tv attho manasā so sukhaṃ labhi.
[15.] “a saṃ vi su lo a pu sa bu bhā” iti dasakkharā, yassa puggalassa gahaṭṭhassa vā pabbajitassa vā, vacasā paguṇā attho tu manasā paguṇo so puggalo, sukhaṃ labhi yena puggalena “Arahaṃ Sammā-sambuddho” ty ādini dasa-padāni vāc’-uggatāni paguṇāni katvā, tesaṃ atthaṃ manasi-paccakkhaṃ katvā, tad-anusārena sakala- bandha-guṇā satataṃ anussaritā, so diṭṭha-dhammika-samparāyika-sukhaṃ nibbāna- sukhañ ca paṭilabhī ti adhippāyo.
19 Éd. (Mdb) sabbabhayā.
20 Éd. (Mdb) pamuñcatu, P pamuñcatī ti.
21 Mdb 4.
22 Éd. (Mdb) sabba-rogā.
16. rasa-dvārā “ca so ghā ji kā mā” ti yena saṃvutā, sa yogῑ labhate go-go-pada-cakkān’ ihāpare.
[16.] rasa-dvārā cha-dvārā “ca so ghā ji kā mā” ti “cakkhu-dvāraṃ sota-ghāna- jivhā-kāya-dvāraṃ mano-dvāraṃ” iti, yena yoginā, saṃvutā suṭṭhu rakkhitā, sa soyogῑ, ihāpare imasmiṃ loke aparasmiṃ loke ca, go-pada-cakkāni manussa-loka-sampatti deva-loka-sampatti nibbāna-sampatti yo, labhate va paṭilabhati.
17. “sa sῑ hi o su cā pā25” ti yass’ imānantare siyuṃ,
26adaliddo ti taṃ āhu amoghan tassa jῑvitaṃ.
[17.] “sa sī hi o su cā pā27” ti “saddhā-dhanaṃ, sīla-dhanaṃ, hiri-dhanaṃ, ottappa-dhanaṃ, suta-dhanaṃ, cāga-dhanaṃ, paññā-dhanan” ti imāni satta-dhanāni yassa puggalassa antare citte siyuṃ ariyā, taṃ puggalaṃ adaliddo ti āhu, tassa puggalassa jῑvitaṃ amoghaṃ atucchaṃ hoti.
18. “ca ha a ma i ga pā” iti satta-vasū bhūpālino,
“sa dha vi pῑ pa sa ū” ti satta-vasū sayambhūno.
[18.] bhūpālino cakkavatti-rājassa, “ca ha a ma i ga pā” iti satta-vasū “cakka- ratanaṃ, hatthi-assa-maṇi-itthi-gahapati-parināyaka-ratanaṃ” iti satta-ratanāni honti yathā.
tathā sayambhūno dhamma-rājassa saddhamma-cakkavattino Sammā-sambuddhassa,
“sa dha vi pī pa sa u” iti satta-vasū “sati-sambojjhaṅgo dhammavicaya-viriya-pīti- passaddhi-samādhi-upekkhā-sambojjhaṅgo” iti satta-ratanāni honti.
25 Tous les manuscrits consultés indiquent pī. Cependant, la VSS-ṭ indique bien que la syllabe se réfère à paññā et devrait donc être pā.
26 Ces vers sont présents dans littérature canonique et commentariale (S I 232, 26 ; A II 57, 11 ; Th 508cd ; etc.), mais également plus tardive (Kdn 176kl).
27 Tous les manuscrits consultés indiquent pī. Cependant, la VSS-ṭ indique bien que la syllabe se réfère à parināyaka-ratanaṃ et devrait donc être pā.
cakka-ratanādīni ken’ aṭṭhena “ratanānī” ti vuccanti rati-jananaṭṭhena28 cittīkatādy- atthehi ca. vuttaṃ h’ etaṃ :
29“cittīkataṃ mahagghañ ca, atulaṃ dullabha-dassanaṃ, anoma-satta-paribhogaṃ, ratanan tena vuccatῑ” ti.
evaṃ sati-sambojjhaṅgādayo pi :
30sati-sambojjhaṅgādi-ratanānaṃ pana cakka-ratanādῑhi sadisatā evaṃ veditabbā : yath’ eva hi cakkhavattino cakka-ratanaṃ ratanānaṃ pure- caraṃ carati, evaṃ sati-sambojjhaṅga-ratanaṃ sabbesaṃ catu-bhummika- dhammānaṃ pure-caraṃ caratī ti, pure caraṇ’-aṭṭhena cakkavatti-rañño cakka-ratana-sadisaṃ hoti.
yathā cakkavattino ratanesu mahā-kāyūpapannaṃ accugataṃ vipulaṃ mahantaṃ hatthi-ratanaṃ hoti, evaṃ dhamma-vicaya-sambojjhaṅga- ratanaṃ mahākāyūpapannaṃ accugataṃ vipulaṃ mahantan ti hatthi- ratana-sadisaṃ hoti.
yathā cakkavattino assa-ratanaṃ sīghaṃ lahu javaṃ hoti, evaṃ viriya- sambojjhaṅga-ratanaṃ sīghaṃ lahu javan ti imāya sīgha-lahu-javatāya assa-ratana-sadisaṃ hoti.
yathā cakkavattino maṇi-ratanaṃ andhakāraṃ vidhamati, ālokaṃ dasseti, evaṃ pīti-sambojjhaṅga-ratanaṃ ekanta-kusalattā kilesandhakāraṃ vidhamati, saha-jāta-paccayādi-vasena ñāṇālokaṃ dassetī ti iminā andhakāra-vidhamana-āloka-dassana-bhāvena maṇi-ratana-sadisaṃ hoti.
yathā cakkavattino itthi-ratanaṃ kāya-citta-darathaṃ paṭipassambheti, pariḷāhaṃ vūpasameti, evaṃ passaddhi-sambojjhaṅga-ratanaṃ kāya-citta- darathaṃ paṭipassambheti, pariḷāhaṃ vūpasametī ti, evaṃ passaddhi-
28 Pc et Phc -janaṭṭhena-.
29 Spk III 152, 19–20 ; Nidd-a I 266, 31–32 ; Pj I 170, 9–10 ; Sv II 443, 26–27 ; etc.
bojjhaṅga-ratanaṃ kāya-citta-darathaṃ paṭipassambheti pariḷāhaṃ vūpasametī ti itthi-ratana-sadisaṃ hoti.
yathā cakkavattino gahapati-ratanaṃ icchit’-icchita-kkhaṇe dhana-dānena vikkhepaṃ pacchinditvā cittaṃ ekaggaṃ karoti, evaṃ samādhi- sambojjhaṅga-ratanaṃ yath’ icchitādi-vasena appanaṃ uppādentaṃ vikkhepaṃ pacchinditvā cittaṃ ekaggaṃ karotī ti gahapati-ratana-sadisaṃ hoti.
yathā cakkavattino pariṇāyaka-ratanaṃ sabbattha kicca-sampādanena appossukkattaṃ karoti, evaṃ upekkhā-sambojjhaṅga-ratanaṃ cittuppādaṃ līn’-uddhaccato mocetvā payoga-majjhatte ṭhapayamānaṃ31 appossukkataṃ karotī ti pariṇāyaka-ratana-sadisaṃ hoti ti.
ayam attho Bojjhaṅgasaṃyutta-vaṇṇanāyaṃ vutto.
19. di-saṃ pa vā-kaṃ-ā sῑ vā-sa-sa sa saṃ sabhāvato sa-lo sῑ-do pa-mo hantvā akatam adhigacchati.
[19.] “di san” ti dvakkharehi diṭṭhi-saṅkappā gahitā, “pā” ti paññā-kkhandho gahito, “vā kaṃ ā” ti ti-m-akkharehi vācā-kammantaṃ ājīvā gahitā, “sī” ti sīla- kkhandho gahito, “vā sa sā” ti ti-m-akkharehi vāyāma-sati-samādhiyo gahitā. “sa” iti samādhi-kkhandho gahito. “san” ti saṅgahitā ty attho.
“sa-lo” ti dvakkharehi samādhi-kkhandha-lobha-kkhandhe dasseti, “sῑ-do” ti sῑla- kkhandha-dosa-kkhandhe, “pa-mo” ti paññā-kkhandha-moha-kkhandhe. sammā- saddho maggaṅgādhikā ratā payojetabbo.
tatrāyaṃ yojanā. di sammā-diṭṭhi saṃ sammā-saṅkappo pa paññā-kkhandhena saṅgahitā ; vā sammā-vācā ka sammā-kammanto ā sammājīvo sī sīla-kkhandhena sa saṅgahitā ; vā sammā-vāyāmo sa sammā-sati sa sammā-samādhi sa samādhi- kkhandhena saṅgahitā, sabhāvato puggalo.
31 Yc et Ppc pavattayamānaṃ. Pcpavattamānaṃ.
sa samādhi-kkhandhena lo lobha-kkhandhaṃ hantvā, sī sīla-kkhandhena do dosa- kkhandhaṃ hantvā, pa paññaṃ-kkhandhena mo moha-kkhandhaṃ hantvā.
akataṃ nibbānaṃ adhigacchati.
20. sa kā pῑ byā vi thῑ mi su u ku vi vi ime siyuṃ aññamañña-paṭipakkhā pahātabba-pahāyakā.
[20.] “sa kā pī” ty ādi jhānaṅga-nivaraṇa-dhamme sandhāya vuttaṃ.
“samādhi kāma-chando pīti byāpādo, vitakko thīna-middhaṃ, sukhaṃ uddhaccaṃ kukkuccaṃ32, vicāro vicikicchā” ti ime dhammā aññamañña-paṭipakkhā honti.
kāma-chando samādhissa, byāpādo pītiyā, thīna-middhaṃ vittakkassa, sukhass’
uddhacca-kukkuccaṃ, vicikicchā vicārassa paṭipakkhā. yathārahaṃ samādhi-ādayo te ca kāma-chandādῑnaṃ siyuṃ kāma-chandādīnaṃ kāma-chandādayo pañca-nivaraṇa- dhammā pahātabbā nāma-samādhi-ādīhi jhānaṅgehi pahātabbattā.
33na hi etesu appahīnesu jhānaṃ uppajjati, ten’ ass’ etāni pahānaṅgānī ti vuccanti. kiñcāpi jhāna-kkhaṇe aññe pi akusalā dhammā34 pahῑyanti, tathā pi etān’ eva visesena jhānaṅgantarāya-karāni.
kāma-cchandena hi nānā-visaya-palobhitaṃ cittaṃ na ekattārammaṇe samādhiyati, kāma-cchandabhibhūtaṃ vā taṃ na kāma-dhātu-ppahānāya paṭipadaṃ paṭipajjati, byāpādena35 ca ārammaṇe paṭihaññāmānaṃ na nirantaraṃ pavattati. thīna-middhābhibhūtaṃ akammaññaṃ hoti, uddhacca-kukkuccaṃ paretaṃ avūpasantaṃ eva hutvā paribbhamati.
vicikicchāya upahataṃ jhānādhigama-sādhika-paṭipadaṃ36 nārohati, iti visesena jhān’-antarāya karattā etān’ eva pahānaṅgānῑ ti vuccanti37.
32 Pc uddhacca-kukkuccaṃ.
33 Vism 146, 7–18.
34 Pc et Ppc akusala-dhammā.
35 Éd. (Vism) vyāpādena.
21. pa bha ā da sa ghā sā phu saṃ tῑ vo jo ta cu ki bh’-yā pa bhā vi saṃ ti vo jo ta cu ṭhā na-yaṃ pakāsitaṃ.
[21] “pa paṭisandhi-kiccaṃ, bha bhavaṅga-kiccaṃ, ā āvajjana-kiccaṃ, da dassana-kiccaṃ, sa savana-kiccaṃ, ghā ghāyana-kiccaṃ, sā sāyana-kiccaṃ, phu phussana-kiccaṃ, saṃ sampaṭicchanna-kiccaṃ, tī tīraṇa-kiccaṃ, vo voṭṭhapana-kiccaṃ, jo javana-kiccaṃ, ta tadārammaṇa-kiccaṃ, cu cuti-kiccaṃ” iti bh’-yā catuddasa ki kiccāni honti.
“pa paṭisandhi-ṭṭhānaṃ, bha bhavaṅga-ṭṭhānaṃ, ā āvajjana-ṭṭhānaṃ, vi viññāṇa- ṭṭhānaṃ, sa sampaṭicchana-ṭṭhānaṃ, tī tīraṇa-ṭṭhānaṃ, vo voṭṭhapana-ṭṭhānaṃ, jo javaṇa-ṭṭhānaṃ, ta tadārammaṇa-ṭṭhānaṃ, cu cuti-ṭṭhānaṃ” iti na-yaṃ dasavidhaṃṭhā ṭhānaṃ ācāriyehi pakāsitaṃ.
22. saṃ vi dhā pu ka ya pādi pā38 pā ma cu pa r-ādikā39, dῑ ma saṃ aṃ khu pubbā ca sakalattha-ppakāsakā.
[22.] akkhara-samūhā saṃ-vi-dhā-pu-ka-ya-pādi saṃ-kāra-vi-kāra-dhā-kāra- pu-kāra-ka-kāra-ya-kāra-pa-kāra-ādikā, pā-pā-ma-cu-pa-r-ādikā pā-kāra-pā-kāra-ma- kāra-cu-kāra-pa-kāra-ādikā, dī-ma-saṃ-aṃ-khu-pubbā ca dī-kāra-ma-kāra-saṃ-kāra-aṃ- kāra-khu-kāra-pubbā ca, sakalattha-ppakāsakā honti.
“Saṅganī40, Vibhaṅgo, Dhātukathā, Puggalapaññatti, Kathāvatthu, Yamakaṃ, Paṭṭhānaṃ” iti sattavidhaṃ Abhidhamma-piṭakaṃ. “Pārājika-kaṇḍaṃ, Pācittiyaṃ, Mahāvaggo, Cuḷavaggo41, Parivāro” iti pañcavidhaṃ Vinaya-piṭakaṃ. “Dīgha- nikāyo, Majjhima-nikāyo, Saṃyutta-nikāyo, Aṅguttara-nikāyo, Khuddaka-nikāyo” iti
38 Les manuscrits B, C, Cha, Ph, Y écrivent ā au lieu de pā. Le commentaire est clair sur l’abréviation en question qui doit être pā. Cf. discussion vol. III § 2. 1. 1. 3.
39 Excepté Ch qui dit v-ādikā, tous les manuscrits indiquent uniquement ādikā. Toutefois, nous suivons le commentaire qui indique dans tous les manuscrits r-ādikā.
40 Ppc saṅgiṇī.
41 Yc Cullavaggo.
pañca-nikāyā ca niravasesa-parivajjitabba-paṭipajjitabba42-attha-ppakāsakattā sakalattha-ppakāsakā nāma hontῑ ti adhippāyo.
23. “a dῑ ba a du va a ma a ma nῑ u du pῑ” ti me
cuddasa gambhῑrā pañhā Sambuddhena viyākatā.
24. “i pi cha vi pa so do u kā va pa i a a“ iti
cuddasa gambhῑrā pañhā Sambuddhena viyākatā.
25. “va ra di brā su sa kha laṃ u dvi paṃ ku a maṃ nā ti43 ti-pañca gambhῑrā pañhā Sambuddhena viyākatā.
26. gāthā-tayassa imassa attha-byākhyā imā pana gāthāyo buddhimantehi viññeyyā kamato ’dhunā.
27. “appāyukā dῑghāyukā bavh-ābādhappa-bādhakā, dubbaṇṇā vaṇṇavanto ca appesakkha-mahesakkhā,
28. appa-bhogā mahā-bhogā nῑca-kulocca-kulīno, duppaññā paññavanto ca” iti cuddas’ ime matā.
[23., 27. et 28.] “a dī bā” ity ādī Subha-sutte āgata-pañhe sandhāya vuttaṃ. Subho hi māṇavo Todeyya-putto Bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā, cuddasa- pañhe pucchi :
44“dissanti, bho Gotama, manussā appāyukā, dissanti dīghāyukā ; dissanti bahv-ābādhā, dissanti appābādhā ; dissanti dubbaṇṇā, dissanti
42 Il doit y avoir un problème de transmission : Pc et Phc Ppc indiquent -pajjipajjitabba-, Yc indique paripajjitabbā. Nous rectifions en -paṭipajjitabba- pour que le texte s’ajuste au sens recherché.
43 Tous les manuscrits consultés indiquent nī à l’exception de Cha qui indiquent nā. Nous gardons cette dernière version qui correspond le mieux au terme abrégé nāga..
44 M III 202, 19–203, 3 ; Sv-aṭ II 195, 1–4. Ces questions sont également posées par le roi Milinda à Nāgasena
vaṇṇavanto ; dissanti appesakkhā, dissanti mahesakkhā ; dissanti appa- bhogā, dissanti mahā-bhogā ; dissanti nīca-kulīnā, dissanti ucca-kulīnā ; dissanti duppaññā, dissanti paññavanto. ko nu kho, bho Gotama, hetu ko paccayo yena manussānaṃ yeva sataṃ manussa-bhūtānaṃ dissanti hīna- paṇītatā” ti ?
Bhagavā tassa vitthārena kathesi, ayaṃ pan’ ettha saṅkhepattho :
“pāṇātipāta-kammena hi manussā appāyukā honti, pāṇātipātā viramati- kammena dīghāyukā ; sattānaṃ viheṭhana-kammena45 bahv-ābādhā, avihedhana-kammena appābādhā ; kodhana-kammena dubbaṇṇā, akodhana- kammena vaṇṇavanto ; issāyana-kammena appesakkhā anissāyana-kammena mahesakkhā ; adāna-kammena appa-bhogā dāna-kammena mahā-bhogā ; māna-thaddhā n’ abhivādanādῑ va kammena nῑca-kulīnā abhivādanādῑ kammena46 ucca-kulīno ; aparipucchana-kammena duppaññā paripucchana- kammena paññavanto hontῑ” ti.
29. “issā-macchariyaṃ piyāpiyaṃ chando vitakkito, papañco somanassañ ca domanassañ c’ upekkhakā,
30. tathā kāya-samācāro vaciyā cāram eva ca, pariyesanatā c’eva tathā indriya-saṃvaro, aneka-dhātu accanta-niṭṭhā cā” ti catuddasa.
[24., 29. et 30] “i pi cha vī” ty ādi Sakka-pañhe sandhāya vuttaṃ, tathā hi :
mahesakkhā, aññe appa-bhogā, aññe mahā-bhogā, aññe nīca-kulīnā, aññe mahā-kulīnā, aññe duppaññā, aññe paññavanto’’ti.
45 Tous les manuscrits de la VSS-ṭ écrivent vihedhana-kammena que nous rectifions par viheṭhana-kammena.
46 Yc abhivādana-kammena.
47“kiṃ saṃyojanā nu kho, mārisa, devā manussā nāgā gandhabbā ye c’ aññe santi puthukāyā te averā adaṇḍā asapattā abyāpajjhā48 viharemu averino ti iti ce nesaṃ hoti, atha ca pana saverā sadaṇḍā sasapattā sabyāpajjhā viharanti saverino49 ” ti ? imam atthaṃ50 Sakko devānam indo Bhagavantaṃ pucchi, tassa Bhagavā pañha- puṭṭho51 byākāsi :
issā-macchariya-saṃyojanā kho, te devānam inda, devā manussā, la52, sa-byāpajjhā viharanti saverino ti.
“issā-macchariyam pana, mārisa, kiṃ-nidānaṃ kiṃ-samudayaṃ kiṃ-jātikaṃ kiṃ- pabhavaṃ ; kismiṃ sati issā-macchariyaṃ hoti ; kismiṃ asati issā-macchariyaṃ na hotī ” ti ?
“issā-macchariyaṃ kho, devānam inda, piyāpiya-nidānaṃ piyāpiya-samudayaṃ, la, piyāpiye asati issā-macchariyaṃ na hotī” ti.
“piyāpiyam pana, mārisa, kiṃ-nidānaṃ, la, kismiṃ asati piyāpiyaṃ na hotī” ti ?
“piyāpiyaṃ kho, devānam inda, chanda-nidānaṃ, la, chande asati piyāpiyaṃ na hotī” ti.
“chando pana, mārisa, kiṃ-nidānaṃ53, la, kismiṃ asati chando na hotī” ti ?
“chando kho, devānam inda, vitakka-nidāno, la, vitakkā asati chando na hotī” ti.
“vitakko pana, mārisa, kiṃ-nidāno, la, kismiṃ asati vitakko na hotī ” ti ?
“vitakko kho, devānam inda, papañca-saññā-saṅkhā-nidāno, la, papañca-saññā- saṅkhāya asati vitakko na hotī” ti.
“katham paṭipanno pana, mārisa, bhikkhu papañca-saññā-saṅkhā-nirodha-sāruppa- gāminī paṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hotī ” ti ?
somanassam pāhaṃ54, devānam inda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbaṃ pi asevitabbaṃ pi. yaṃ jaññā somanassaṃ imaṃ kho somanassaṃ sevato “akusalā dhammā
47 D II 276, 3–283, 13. La VSS-ṭ suit le texte initial et sa progression, mais écarte certains développements pour ne garder qu’une forme ‘résumée’ du texte.
48 Est est une variante d’avyāppajjhā dans l’éd. (D II). Idem par la suite.
49 Est une variante de verino dans l’éd. (D II). Idem par la suite.
50 Est une variante de itthaṃ dans l’éd. (D II). Idem par la suite.
51 Éd. (D II) et Ppc pañhaṃ puṭṭho.
abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī” ti evarūpaṃ somanassaṃ na sevitabbaṃ. yaṃ jaññā somanassaṃ “imaṃ kho me somanassaṃ pi sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī” ti evarūpaṃ somanassaṃ sevitabbaṃ.
“domanassam pāhaṃ, devānam-inda, pe55, upekkham pāhaṃ, devānam inda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbaṃ pi asevitabbaṃ pi. yaṃ jaññā upekkhaṃ, la, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī” ti, eva-rūpā upekkhā sevitabbā.
“katham paṭipanno pana, mārisa, bhikkhu pāṭimokkha-saṃvarāya paṭipanno hotī”
ti ?
“kāya-samācāram pāhaṃ, devānam inda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbaṃ pi asevitabbaṃ pi. vacī-samācāram pāhaṃ, pariyesanam pāhaṃ, la.
“evaṃ paṭipanno kho, devānam inda, bhikkhu pāṭimokkha-saṃvarāya paṭipanno hotī” ti.
“katham paṭipanno pana, mārisa, bhikkhu indriya-saṃvarāya paṭipanno hotī” ti ?
“cakkhu-viññeyyaṃ rūpam pāhaṃ, devānam inda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbaṃ pi asevitabbaṃ pi. sota-viññeyyaṃ saddam pāhaṃ, ghāna-viññeyyaṃ gandham pāhaṃ, jivhā-viññeyyaṃ rasam pāhaṃ, kāyā-viññeyyaṃ phoṭṭhabbam pāhaṃ, mano- viññeyyaṃ dhammam pāhaṃ, devānam inda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbaṃ pi asevitabbaṃ pi, la.
evaṃ paṭipanno kho, devānam inda, bhikkhu indriya-saṃvarāya paṭipanno hotī” ti.
“sabbe va kho, mārisa, samaṇa-brāhmaṇā ekanta-vādā ekanta-sīlā ekanta-chandā ekanta-ajjhosānā” ti ?
“na kho, devānam inda, sabbe samaṇa-brāhmaṇā ekanta-vādā, la, ekanta-ajjhosānā”
ti.
“kasmā pana, mārisa, na sabbe samaṇa-brāhmaṇā ekanta-vādā, la, ekanta-ajjhosānā”
ti ?
54 Éd. (D II) p’ ahaṃ.
55 Dans Pc uniquement.
“aneka-dhātu nānā-dhātu kho, devānam inda, loko. tasmā56 aneka-dhātu-nānā- dhātusmiṃ loke yaṃ yad eva dhātuṃ sattā abhinivisanti, tan tad eva thāmasā parāmāsā57 abhinivissa vohāranti “idam eva saccaṃ moghaṃ maññan” ti. tasmā na sabbe samaṇa-brāhmaṇā, la, ekanta-ajjhosānā” ti.
“sabbe va nu kho, mārisa, samaṇa-brāhmaṇā accanta-niṭṭhā accanta-yoga-kkhemī accanta-brāhma-cārī accanta-pariyosānā” ti ?
“na kho, devānam inda, sabbe samaṇa-brāhmaṇā, la, accanta-pariyosānā” ti.
“kasmā pana, mārisa, na sabbe samaṇa-brāhmaṇā, la, accanta-pariyosānā” ti ?
“ye kho, devānam inda, bhikkhu taṇhā-saṅkhaya-vimuttā te accanta-niṭṭhā accanta- yoga-kkhemi accanta-brāhma-cāri accanta-pariyosānā ti. tasmā na sabbe samaṇa- brāhmaṇā, la, accanta-pariyosānā” ti.
ettāvatā ca Bhagavatā cuddasa-pañhā byākatā honti tattha “issā-macchariyaṃ eko pañho, piyāpiyaṃ eko58, chando eko, vitakko eko, papañco eko, somanassaṃ eko, domanassaṃ eko, upekkhā eko, kāya-samācāro eko, vaci-samācāro eko, pariyosānā eko, indriya-saṃvaro eko, aneka-dhātu eko, accanta-niṭṭhā eko” ti.
31. vammiko ratti dhūmāyi divā pajjali brāhmaṇo, Sumedho c’eva satthañ ca khaṇanā laṅgim eva ca,
32. uddhumāyi dvidhā-patho paṅkavārañ ca kummako, asῑ ca maṃsa-pesῑ ca nāgo ca pannaras’ ime.
[25., 31 et 32] “va ra di brā” ty ādi Vammika-sutte āgata-pañhe sandhāya vuttaṃ. āyasmā hi Kumārakassapo brahmanā abhisaṅkhate paṇṇarasa-pañhe ādāya Bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchi :
56 Éd. (D II) et Phc et Ppc tasmiṃ.
59“ko nu kho, bhante, vammiko, kā rattiṃ dhumāyanā, kā divā pajjalanā, ko brāhmaṇo, ko sumedho, kiṃ satthaṃ, kiṃ abhikkhaṇaṃ, kā laṅgī, kā uddhamāyikā, ko dvidhā-patho, kiṃ paṅkavāraṃ, ko kummo, kā asi-sūnā, kā maṃsa-pesi, ko nāgo” ti ?
bhagavā tassa kathesi :
– “’vammiko’ ti kho, bhikkhu, imass’ etaṃ cātu-mahā-bhūtikassa kāyassa adhivacanaṃ. yaṃ kho, bhikkhu, divā kammante ārabbha rattiṃ anuvitakketi anuvicāreti60, ayaṃ rattiṃ dhumāyanā. yaṃ kho, bhikkhu, rattiṃ anuvitakketvā anuvicāretvā divā kammante payojeti kāyena vācāya, ayaṃ divā pajjalanā. “brāhmaṇo” ti kho, bhikkhu, Tathāgatass’
etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. “sumedho” ti, bhikkhu, sekhass’ etaṃ bhikkhuno adhivacanaṃ. “satthan” ti kho, bhikkhu, ariyāy’ etaṃ paññāya adhivacanaṃ. “abhikkhaṇan” ti kho, bhikkhu, vīriyārambhass’ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. “laṅgī” ti kho, bhikkhu, avijjāy’ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
“uddhamāyikā” ti kho, bhikkhu, kodh’-upāyāsass’ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
“dvedhā-patho61” ti kho, bhikkhu, vicikicchāy’ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. paṅkavāran” ti kho, bhikkhu, pañcann’ etaṃ nivaraṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
“kummo” ti kho, bhikkhu, pañcann’ etaṃ upādāna-kkhandhānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. “asi-suṇā” ti kho, bhikkhu, pañcann’ etaṃ kāma-guṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. “maṃsa-pesī” ti kho, bhikkhu, nandī-rāgass’ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. “nāgo” ti kho, bhikkhu, khīṇāsavass’ etaṃ bhikkhuno adhivacanan” ti.
ayam ettha saṅkhepo. viṭṭhāro pana Vammika-suttaṭṭhakathāto gahetabbo.
59 M I 143, 33–145, 8. La VSS-ṭ suit le texte mais ne garde pas tous les développements relatifs à chacun des termes expliqués.
60 Éd. (M I) anuvicarati..
61 Éd. (M I) dvidhā-patho.
33. “du sa na so” ti Sambuddho catur-ādi’-kkharaṃ muni , gāthaṃ katvā pakāsesi Pasenadissa rājino.
34. 62dujjῑvitam ajῑvimhā yesan no na dadāmhase, vijjamānesu bhogesu dῑpaṃ nākamham attano.
35. 63saṭṭhῑ-vassa-sahassāni paripuṇṇāni sabbaso, niraye paccamānānaṃ kadā anto bhavissati.
36. 64natthi anto kuto anto na anto paṭidissati,
tadā hi pakataṃ pāpaṃ mama tuyhañ ca mārisā.
37. 65so ’haṃ nūna ito gantvā yonῑ laddhāna mānusῑ, vadaññū sῑla-sampanno kāhāmi kusalaṃ bahuṃ66.
38. “ca bha ka sā” ti dhῑrena ṭhapῑtāni catu-‘kkharā67 ekeken’ eka-pādan tu kataṃ dve caturo pῑ vā.
39. 68caja dujjana-saṃsaggaṃ bhaja sādhu-samāgamaṃ, kara puññam aho-rattaṃ69 sara niccam aniccataṃ.
40. icc’ ekekena vaṇṇena katam’-ekeka-pādakaṃ, pun’-ekekena vaṇṇena dve dve pādā katā kathaṃ.
62 Ja III 47, 3 ; Pv IV, 15.3 ; Spk I 143, 32–33 ; Dhp-a II 10, 20–21 ; Ndd 187.
63 Ja III 47, 8 ; Pv IV, 15.1 ; Spk I 143, 23–24 ; Dhp-a II 11, 4–5 ; Ndd 188.
64 Ja III 47, 11 ; Pv IV, 15.2 ; Spk I 143, 29–30 ; Dhp-a II 11, 6–7 ; Ndd 189.
65 Ja III 47, 14 ; Pv IV, 15.4 ; Spk I 143, 26–27 ; Dhp-a II 11, 8–9 ; Ndd 190.
66 P et Pp bahun ti.
67 B, P, Pp, Ph, et Y écrivent catur-akkharā mais cela ne tient pas métriquement.
41. 70cajeyya dummittaṃ bālaṃ āsῑvisaṃ va māṇavo, bhañjeyya pāpakaṃ kammaṃ naḷāgāraṃ va kuñjaro.
42. 71kareyya kusalaṃ sabbaṃ sivaṃ nibbānam āvahaṃ, sareyya aniccaṃ khandhaṃ72 nibbidā-ñāṇa-gocaraṃ.
43. icc’ ekekena vaṇṇena katā dve dve ca pādakā, katham ekeka-vaṇṇena catu-catukka-pādakā.
44. catta-pāpo jino jantū caturāpāya-tārako,
catta-dāna-varo Buddho catu-saccāvabodhako.
45. 73bhagga-rāgo bhagga-doso, bhagga-moho anāsavo, bhagg’ assa74 pāpakā dhammā, Bhagavā tena vuccati75.
46. karoti Bhagavā nāthaṃ kata-puññassa jantuno, katheti pubbikaṃ kathaṃ karoti sagga-mocanaṃ.
47. sammā sāmañ ca Sambuddho sambodheti pare Jino, saddhamma-raṃsiyā loke sabbaṃ tamaṃ vinodayi.
[33.–47.] “du sa na so, ca bha ka sā” ty ādi saṅketassa viṭṭhārassa gāthā76 suviññeyyā.
70 Ndd 156.
71 Ndd 227.
72 B niccaṃ, C dukkhaṃ.
73 Sp I 123, 31–32 ; Vism 211, 10–11 ; Pj I : 108, 17–18 ; Nidd-a I 265, 17–19.
74 Eds. (Vism, Sp I, Nidd-a I) bhaggā ’ssa.
75 Eds. (Sp I et Pj I) pavuccati.
76 Phc vitthāra-gāthā.Yc viṭṭhāra-kathā.
48. icc’ ekekena vaṇṇena catu-catukka-pādakā, aññe pādakkharā77 ñeyyā ādi-saṅketa-dassanā78.
ādi-saṅketaṃ paṭhamaṃ.
[Com.] ādi-saṅketa-vaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
77 Tous les manuscrits consultés indiquent pādikkharā, cependant il nous est difficile d’expliquer la présence de
[Chapitre 2. anta-sa ṅ keta]
49. antakkharaṃ va dasseti bandha-cheko kav’-issaro, yattha taṃ anta-saṅketaṃ viññeyyaṃ bandha-viññunā.
[49.] bandha-cheko kavissaro yattha bandhe, antakkharaṃ va anta-bhūtam akkharam eva dasseti, taṃ bandhaṃ bandha-viññunā “anta-saṅketaṃ” iti viññeyyaṃ.
50. mῑntā dasa-padā pañcapaññāsa-vaṇṇalaṅkatā, pūritā yena so loke agga-puggalataṃ gato.
[50.] “mῑntā” ty ādi dasa-pāramiyo sandhāya vuttaṃ.
pañcapaññāsa-vaṇṇalaṅkatā mῑntā mi-kārantā “dāna-pārami sῑla-pārami nekkhamma- pārami paññā-pārami viriya-pārami khanti-pārami sacca-pārami adhiṭṭhāna-pārami mettā-pārami upekkhā-pāramῑ" ti, dasa-padā dasa-pārami dhamma-koṭṭhāsā, yena puggalena, pūritā so loke agga-puggalataṃ gato.
51. vāntā dasa-padā pañcapaññāsa-vaṇṇalaṅkatā, suciṇṇā vacasā yena citten’ attho tuso sukhῑ.
[51.] “vāntā” ty ādi dasa-Buddha-guṇa-koṭṭhāse sandhāya vuttaṃ.
79“iti pi so bhagavā, arahaṃ, sammā-sambuddho, vijjā-caraṇa- sampanno, sugato, lokavidū, anuttaro purisa-damma-sārathi, satthā deva-manussānaṃ, buddho bhagāvā” ti.
dasa-padā dasa-Buddha-guṇa-koṭṭhāsā, vāntā vā-kārantā pañcapaññāsa-vaṇṇalaṅkatā, yena puggalena, vacasā suciṇṇā suṭṭhu-paricayā katā attho tu cittena suciṇṇo, so sukhi kāyika-cetasika-sukha-samaṅgi hoti.
79 La formule est présente en de nombreux endroits de la littérature canonique et extra-canonique : D I 49, 17–19 ; V III 1, 12–15 ;M I 37, 16–19 ; Vsm 198, 4–7 ; etc.
52. ti-padaṃ manasākāsi tāntam aṭṭhakkharaṃ sadā, yo so ce ’ntima-dehaṭṭho sivaṃ dukkha-kkhayaṃ gato.
[52.] yo puggalo, tāntaṃ tā-kārantaṃ, aṭṭhakkharaṃ aṭṭhakkharavantaṃ80 “a-ni- ccaṃ du-kkhaṃ a-na-ttā” ti, ti-padaṃ sadā manasākāsi, so ce antima-dehaṭṭho pacchima- bhavikatta-bhāve ṭhito, sivaṃ dukkha-kkhayaṃ nibbānaṃ gato.
53. ṭhāne pañcavidhe ṭṭhānte tayo puggalam uttamā, vasanti te pabhedena pannarasa pakāsitā.
[53.] “anāgāmi-phalaṭṭho arahatta-maggaṭṭho arahatta-phalaṭṭho” ti tayo puggalam uttamā, Suddhāvāsa-bhūmi-saṅkhāte ṭṭhānte Akaniṭṭha-pariyante81, pañcavidhe ṭhāne vasanti te puggalā, pabhedena pannarasa pakāsitā.
54. do-nā-ggῑ-kho-pariyantā sukha-mūla-ppakāsakā, catu-ppadā82 mahatthā va83 sabbaññū-jina-desitā.
[54.] “do-nā-ggi-kho-pariyantā” ty ādi
84“ sukho Buddhānaṃ uppādo, sukhā saddhamma-desanā, sukhā saṅghassa sāmaggi, samaggānaṃ tapo sukho” ti imaṃ gāthaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.
anta-saṅketaṃ dutiyaṃ.
[Com.] anta-saṇketa-vaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
80 Pc et Phcet Yc aṭṭhavantaṃ.
81 Yc Akaniṭṭhānte Akaniṭṭhā pariyante.
82 C et Ch -padā. Ph et Y -pādā.
[Chapitre 3. ādy-anta-sa ṅ keta]
55. yatth’ ādy-antakkhare viññū dasseti na ca sesake, tan tu ādy-anta-saṅketaṃ viññeyyaṃ bandha-viññunā.
[55.] viññū yattha bandhe ādy-antakkhare ādi-anta-bhūte akkhare dasseti sesake akkhare na ca dasseti, tan tu taṃ pana bandhaṃ, bandha-viññunā “ādy-anta-saṅketaṃ” iti viññeyyaṃ.
56. th’-antā tipiṭakā ādi desitāpῑ visuṃ visuṃ, ekekaṃ uddharitvāna vibhaje85 paṭipāṭiyā.
[56.] ādi a-kārādi, thantā tha-kārantā, tipiṭakā. idaṃ 86“aneka-jāti-saṃsāran […]” ty ādi paṭhama-Buddha-vacanañ ca 87“[…] appamādena sampādethā” ti pacchima-Buddha-vacanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.
ādῑ ti cetanā88, ādῑ ti ṭṭhite tesu vuddhῑ ti89 ādinā ā-kārassa lopaṃ katvā a-kārassa dīghe kate sijjhati.90
57. yantā usuvidhā ny-ādῑ bheda-gambhῑra-saṃyuttā, dῑpenti sabba-pāṇῑnaṃ go-go-padānugāminaṃ.
[57.] bheda-gambhīra-saṃyuttā attha-gambhīra-dhamma-gambhīra-desanā- gambhīra-paṭivedha-gambhīra-saṅkhātehi catu-gambhīrehi saṃyuttā, yantā ya- kārantā, ny-ādῑ ni-kāra-ādikā91, usuvidhā pañcavidhā-nikāyā, sabba-pāṇῑnaṃ go-go-
85 Ph et Cha vibhajje.
86 Dhp 153a.
87 Cf. D II 156, 1–2. vayadhammā saṃkhārā appamādena sampādethā ti.
88 Phc et Ppc cetaṃ a.
89 Phc su. Ppc visuddhī ti.
90 Cette portion de texte n’est pas encore claire pour nous.
91 Phc ni-kārādikā.
padānugāminaṃ manussa-loka-deva-loka-nibbāna-gāmini paṭipadaṃ dīpenti. go-saddo c’ ettha pathavi-sagga-vācako,
92“go-saddo sagga-raṃsῑsu vajirājūnavārisu,
disā-nayana-candesu pasumhi vacane bhūvῑ” ti hi Visvappakāse93 vuttaṃ. pada-saddo nibbāna-vācako.
58. ṭhy-antā dasa-padā pādῑ yassa tiṭṭhanti paṇḍare, mahi-go-pada-cakkāni labhate so na saṃsayo.
[58.] ṭhy-antā sammā-diṭṭhi-pariyantā pādi pāṇātipātā-veramaṇi-ādikā dasa- padā dasa-kusala-kamma-patha-dhamma-koṭṭhāsā yassa puggalassa paṇḍare hadaye tiṭṭhanti, so mahi-go-pada-cakkāni manussa-sampatti deva-sampatti nibbāna-sampatti yo labhate saṃsayo na hoti. cakka-saddo c’ ettha sampatti-vācako Abhidhānappadīpikāyaṃ hi
“94rathaṅge lakkhaṇe dhammoracakkesv iriyāpathe95, cakkaṃ sampattiyaṃ cakka-ratane maṇḍale bale
96kulāla-bhaṇḍe āṇāyam āyudhe dāna-rāsisū” ti vuttaṃ.
59. mantā dasa-padā dādῑ cattāḷῑsakkharānvitā,
vaḍḍhanti paṇḍare yassa labhate so sukhaṃ varaṃ.
[59] “dānaṃ sīlaṃ bhāvanā pattidānaṃ pattānumodanā veyyāvaccaṃ apacāyo dhamma-desanā dhamma-savanaṃ diṭṭhujūkamman” ti mantā ma-kārantā, dādi dā-kārādikā, cattāḷῑsakkharānvitā dasa-padā puñña-kriyā-vatthu-saṅkhātā dasa- dhamma-koṭṭhāsā, yassa puggalassa, paṇḍare hadaye vaḍḍhanti, so varaṃ sukhaṃ labhate.
92 = VSS-ṭ 225. Cf. Viśvaprakāśa 4cd-5ab. gauḥ svarge vṛṣabhe raśmau vajre candramasi smṛtaḥ arjune netra-dig-bāna-bhū-vāg-vāriṣu gaur matā.
93 Ppc visuppakāse.
94 Abh 781.
60. micchā-dādi pathā dhy-antā catur-āpāya-gāmikā, sammā-dādi-pathā dhy-antā amata-pura-gāmikā.
[60.] pathā aṭṭha-maggaṅgā micchā-diṭṭhi-ādikā micchā-samādhy-antā catur- āpāya-gāmikā, pathā aṭṭha-maggaṅgā sammā-diṭṭhi-ādikā sammā-samādhy-antā amata- pura-gāmikā nibbāna-nagara-gāminῑ paṭipadā honti.
61. sādῑ satta-padā kkhā’-ntā bhūpāla-vasū sannibhā, sutā ca bhāvitā97 yena nirogo so sukhῑ sadā.
[61.] satta-padā satta-bojjhaṅga-dhamma-koṭṭhāsā sādi kkh’-antā sati- sambojjhaṅga-ādikā98 upekkhā-sambojjhaṅga-pariyosānā bhūpāla-vasū sannibhā cakkavatti-rañño satta-ratana-sadisā, yena puggalena sutā ca bhāvitā99 ca so sadā nirogo sukhi hoti.
62. cattāro kira nigrodhā sῑta-cchāyā manoramā, Indapattha-pure ramme Vidhūrena su-ropῑtā.
63. na-mūlo paṭhamo rukkho du-aggo pana dutiyo, saṃ-mūlo100 tatiyo rukkho te-aggo pana pacchimo.
64. ete kho caturo rukkhā paññā-bhoga-dadā idha, sakkaccaṃ payirupāseyya atthiko vara-buddhimā.
65. anagghā caturo rukkhā ananta-phala-dāyakā, Kassapa-loka-nāthena mahā-dayena ropῑtā.
97 B dhāritā.
98 Yc sati-bojjhaṅga-ādikā.
99 Pc et Phc dhāritā.
100 C et Ph sa-mūlo.
66. sa-mūlo paṭhamo rukkho yo-aggo pana dutiyo, jῑ-mūlo tatiyo rukkho ja-aggo pana pacchimo.
67. ete kho caturo rukkhā sādhūnaṃ phala-kāminaṃ, sādhukaṃ paṭipannānaṃ madhura-pphala-dāyakā.
68. katame caturo rukkhā Vidhurena suropῑtā, katame caturo rukkhā Kassapa-jina-ropῑtā.
69. 101na sādhāraṇa-dār’ assa, na bhuñje sādum ekako102, na seve lokāyatikaṃ, n’ etaṃ paññāya vaḍḍhanaṃ103.
70. 104sῑlavā vatta-sampanno appamatto vicakkhaṇo, nivātavutti atthaddho105 surato sakhilo106 mudu.
[63., 69. et 70.] “na-mūlo paṭhamo rukkho” ti idaṃ vacanaṃ “na sādhāraṇa- dārassā” ty ādi gāthaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. tatrāyaṃ attho.
107sādhāraṇa-dāro na assa yo paresaṃ dāresu aparajjhati so sādhāraṇa-dāro nāma, tādiso na bhaveyya. “na bhuñje sādum ekako” ti sādu-rasaṃ paṇῑta-bhojanaṃ aññesaṃ adatvā ekako va na bhuñjeyya. “na seve lokāyatikan” ti anattha-nissitaṃ sagga- maggānaṃ adāyakaṃ aniyyānikaṃ vitaṇḍa-sallāpaṃ lokāyatika-vādaṃ na seveyya.
“n’ etaṃ paññāya vaḍḍhan” ti na hi etaṃ lokāyatikaṃ paññāya vaḍḍhanaṃ.
101 Ja VI 286, 28–29 ; Dn 192 ; Ndd 202.
102 Éd. (Ja VI) ekato. Idem dans la VSS-ṭ.
103 Éd. (Ja VI) vaddhanaṃ.
104 Ja VI 286, 30–31 ; Dn 193 ; Ndd 203.
105 Ph et Y et Cha athaddho.
106 Éd. (Ndd) sakhito.
108Lokāyataṃ nāma “sabbaṃ ucchiṭṭhaṃ sabbaṃ an-ucchiṭṭhaṃ109 ; seto kāko kāḷo bāko iminā ca iminā ca kāraṇenā” ti evam ādi-niratthaka-kāraṇa-paṭisaṃyuttaṃ tiṭṭhiya-satthaṃ, yaṃ loke “vitaṇḍa-satthan” ti vuccati. āyatiṃ hitaṃ tena110 loko na yatati na ῑhatī ti lokāyataṃ, kin taṃ ? vitaṇḍa-satthaṃ taṃ hi ganthaṃ nissāya sattā puñña-kriyāya cittam pi na uppādenti. lokāyataṃ eva lokāyatikaṃ111 aññatthā pi evaṃ vuttaṃ “lokāyata-sippan ti ‘kāko seto aṭṭhῑnaṃ setattā, balākā rattā lohitassa rattattā’ ti evam ādi-naya-ppavattaṃ paraloka-nibbānānaṃ paṭisedhakaṃ vitaṇḍa- sattha-sippan” ti.
“du-aggo pana dutiyo” ti idaṃ “sῑlavā” ty ādi-gāthaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.
112“sīlavā” ti akhaṇḍehi pañcahi sῑlehi samannāgato, “vatta-sampanno” ti gharāvāsa- vattena rāja-vattena ca upagato, “appamatto” ti kusala-kammesu appamatto, “nivāta- vuttῑ” ti atimānaṃ akatvā nῑca-vutti ovādānusāsaniya-paṭicchako. “atthaddho113” ti thaddha-macchariya-rahito. “surato” ti soraccena samannāgato, “sakhilo” ti pemanῑya-vacano, “mudū” ti kāya-vācā-cittehi apharuso.
71. 114saṅgahetā va mittānaṃ saṃvibhāgῑ vidhānavā, tappeyya anna-pānena, sadā samaṇa-brāhmaṇe.
72. 115dhamma-kāmo sutādhāro bhaveyya paripucchako, sakkaccaṃ116 payirupāseyya117 sῑlavante bahu-ssute.
[63.-71.-72.] “saṃ118-mūlo tatiyo rukkho” ti idaṃ “saṅgahetā” ty ādi-gāthaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.
108 Cf. Sadd 361, 22–32. La VSS-ṭ reprend cette portion de texte en apportant quelques variations.
109 Éd. (Sadd) n’ ucchiṭṭhaṃ.
110 Pc et Phc et Ppc hitena.
111 lokāyataṃ eva lokāyatikaṃ ne figure pas dans l’éd. (Sadd).
112 Ja VI 287, 17–22.
113 Phc et Ppc et Yc athaddho.
114 Ja VI 287, 1–2 ; Dn 194 ; Ndd 204.
115 Ja VI 287, 3–4 ; Dn 195 ; Ndd 205.
116 Éd. (Ja VI) sakacca.
117 Éd. (Dn) payirūpāse.
118 Pc sa.
119“saṅgahetā120 va mittānan” ti mitta-saṅgaha-karo dānādisu yo yena saṅgahaṃ gacchati, tassa ten’ eva saṅgāhako. “saṃvibhāgī” ti dhammika-samaṇa-brāhmaṇānaṃ c’ eva kapaṇādῑnañ ca saṃvibhāga-rato121. “vidhānavā” ti “imasmiṃ kāle kasituṃ vaṭṭati, imasmiṃ kāle122 vapitun” ti evaṃ sabba-kiccesu vidhāna-sampanno.
“tappeyyā” ti gahita-gahita-bhājanāni pūretvā dadamāno tappeyya.
“te-aggo pana pacchimo” ti idaṃ “dhamma-kāmo” ty ādi-gāthaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.
123“dhamma-kāmo” ti paveṇiya124 dhammam pi sucaritaṃ dhammaṃ kāmayamāno patthayamāno. “sutādhāro” ti sutassa ādhāra-bhūto. 125“sutādharo” ti pi sutassa ādhārako ti attho. “paripucchako” ti dhammika-samaṇa-brāhmaṇe upasaṅkamitvā
“kiṃ bhante kusalan” ti ādi vacanehi pucchana-sīlo. “sakkaccan” ti sakkaccena gāravena.
126gharam āvasamānassa gahaṭṭhassa sakaṃ gharaṃ, khemā vutti127 siyā evaṃ evaṃ nu assa saṅgaho.
128abyāpajjhaṃ129 siyā evaṃ sacca-vādῑ ca māṇavo, asmā lokā paraṃ lokaṃ evaṃ pecca na socati130.
131evaṃ ‘sakaṃ gharaṃ’ saṅkhātaṃ gharāvāsaṃ vasantassa gahaṭṭhassa ‘khemā’
nibbhayā ‘vutti siyā’. “evaṃ nu assa saṅgaho" ti catubbidha-saṅgaha-vatthu- saṅkhāto132 saṅgaho pi ’ssa evaṃ kato nāma bhaveyya. 133“abyāpajjan” ti nidukkhato,
“sacca-vādī” ti evaṃ paṭipanno sabhāva-vādī134 nāma, 135“peccā” ti gantvā.
119 Ja VI 287, 22–27. La VSS-ṭ suit parfaitement le texte, excepté l’inclusion de certaines portions de texte.
120 Éd. (Ja VI) saṃgahe.
121 Éd. (Ja VI) saṃvibhāga-karo.
122 Ne figure pas dans l’éd. (Ja VI).
123 Ja VI 287, 27–30. La VSS-ṭ suit parfaitement le texte, elle inclut une glose supplémentaire.
124 Éd. (Ja ) paveṇi-dhammam.
125 Cette phrase ne figure pas dans l’éd. (Ja VI).
126 Ja VI 287, 5–6.
127 Éd. (Ja VI) vatti.
128 Ja VI 287, 7–8.
129 Éd. (Ja VI) avyāpajjho. Yc avyāpajjhaṃ.
130 Phc socatī ti.
131 Ja VI 287, 30–36, excepté cette première phrase. La VSS-ṭ suit parfaitement le texte tout en y incluant certains éléments.
132 Le composé ne figure pas dans l’éd. (Ja VI).
133 abyāpajjan ti nidukkhato ne figure pas dans l’éd. (Ja VI).
evaṃ mahā-satto asamadhuro Vidhura-paṇḍito Korabyassa rañño136 gharāvāsa- pañhaṃ kathetvā pallaṅkā oruyha rājānaṃ vandi. rājā pi ’ssa mahā-sakkāraṃ katvā ekasata-rāja-parivuto attano nivesanam eva gato.
gharāvāsa-pañho137.
73. 138saki-d-eva139 mahā-rāja140, sabbhi hoti141 samāgamo, sā naṃ saṅgati pāleti, nāsabbhi bahu-saṅgamo.
74. 142sabbhi-r’ eva samāsetha sabbhi kubbetha santhavaṃ143, sataṃ saddhammam aññāya seyyo hoti na pāpῑyo.
75. 144jῑranti ve rāja-rathā sucittā, atho sarῑram pi jaraṃ upeti, satañ ca dhammo na jaraṃ upeti, santo have sabbhi pavedayanti.
76. 145nabhañ ca dūre paṭhavῑ ca dūre, pāraṃ samuddassa tath146’ āhu dūre, tato have dūrataraṃ vadanti
satañ ca dhammaṃ asatañ ca rāja.
[73.–76.] “sa-mūlo paṭhamo rukkho” ty ādi pana “saki147-d-eva mahā-rāja” ty ādi satāraha-gāthāyo sandhāya vuttaṃ.
136 evaṃ mahā-satto asamadhuro Vidhura-paṇḍito Korabyassa rañño ne figure pas dans l’éd. PTS. Y figure evaṃ m. rañño.
137 Éd. (Ja VI) gharāvāsa-pañhaṃ.
138 Ja V 483, 10–11 ; Ndd 121.
139 Éd. (Ndd) et C et Ph sakiṃ deva. Est également une variante dans éd. (Ja V).
140 Éd. (Ja) Sutasoma. Éd. (Ndd) kulaputta.
141 Est une variante pour hotu dans éd. (Ja V).
142 Ja V 483, 12–13 ; S I 17, 3–4 ; Ln 41 ; Cf. Ndd 119 et 120 : les vers d sont respectivement paññaṃ labhati nāññato et sabbadukkhā pamuccatti.
143 Éd. (Ndd) et Y sandhavaṃ.
144 Ja V 483, 15–18 ; Dhp 151 ; S III 71, 7–10 .
145 Ja V 483, 19–22 ; It-a I 9, 9–12 ; Th-a II 116, 1–4 ; etc.
146 Éd. (Ja) et Ph tad.
148tattha “saki-d-evā” ti ekavāram eva. “sabbhῑ” ti sappurisehi saddhiṃ149. “sā nan” ti
150sātehi saha saṅgati samāgamo ekavāram attam eva pavattanto151 pi taṃ puggalaṃ pāleti rakkhati gopeti. “nāsabbhī” ti asappurisehi bahu ciraṃ pi kato saṅgamo eka- ṭṭhāne nivāso na pāleti, n’ aṭṭhāvaho ahosī ti attho. “samāsethā” ti saddhiṃ nisīdeyya, desanā sīsa-vasen’152 etaṃ vuttaṃ, sabbe pi iriyā-pathe paṇḍiteh’ eva saddhiṃ pavatteyyā ti attho. “santhavan” ti mitta-santhavaṃ, “sataṃ saddhamman” ti paṇḍitānaṃ Buddhādinaṃ sattatiṃsa-bodhi-pakkhiya-dhamma-saṅkhātaṃ saddhammaṃ. “seyyo hotī” ti etaṃ dhammaṃ ñatvā vuḍḍhi yeva hoti, na pāpῑyo hāni natthī ti attho. “rāja-rathā” ti rājūnaṃ ārohanῑya-rathā. “sucittā” ti suṭṭhu-parikamma- katā. “sabbhi pavedayantī” ti Buddhādayo santo sappurisā. “sabbhī” ti saṅkhyaṃ gataṃ sobhaṇaṃ uttamaṃ nibbānaṃ pavedayanti vaṇṇenti, so nibbāna-saṅkhāto sataṃ dhammo jaraṃ na upeti na jīrati. “nabhan” ti ākāso. “dūre” ti pathavῑ hi sappatiṭṭhā saṅgahaṇā, ākāso nirālambo ti attho. iti ubho te ekabaddhā pi visaṃyoga-ṭṭhena ca anupalitta-ṭṭhena ca dūre nāma honti. “pāran” ti orima-tῑrato para-tῑraṃ.
satāraha-gāthā-vaṇṇanā.
77. iminā naya-dānena ñeyyaṃ saṅketa-dassinā,
aññaṃ p’ ādy-anta-saṅketaṃ kavindena yathārahaṃ.
[77.] aññaṃ pi ādy-anta-saṅketaṃ saṅketa-dassinā kavindena iminā naya-dānena yathārahaṃ ñeyyaṃ.
ādy-anta-saṅketaṃ tatiyaṃ.
[Com.] ādy-anta-saṅketa-vaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
147 Pc et Phc sakim.
148 Ja V 483, 23–484, 7. La VSS-ṭ suit parfaitement le texte tout en y incluant de nombreuses variantes.
149 Ne figure pas dans l’éd. (Ja V).
150 sātehi saha est sā sabbhi dans l’éd. (Ja V).
