Antibiotic resistance in aquaculture : novel antimicrobials based on essential oils

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Antibiotic resistance in

aquaculture: Novel

antimicrobials based on

essential oils

SARTER S. and P. DANTHU SARTER S. and P. DANTHU

CIRAD CIRAD UMR

UMR--95 95 QualisudQualisud, URP, URP--Forêt et Forêt et Biodiversit

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Partnership

MadagascarMadagascar

UniversityUniversity of Antananarivoof Antananarivo

FofifaFofifa ((center for rural developmentcenter for rural development))

OSO OSO FarmingFarming

CiradCirad

VietnamVietnam

FacultyFaculty of of FisheriesFisheries Thu Duc (Ho Chi Minh)Thu Duc (Ho Chi Minh)

FranceFrance CiradCirad IfremerIfremer

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Aquaculture

One of the fastest growing production One of the fastest growing production sectors in the world

sectors in the world

50 % in 2015 of the world50 % in 2015 of the world’’s food fish s food fish

Intensive use/misuse of antibioticsIntensive use/misuse of antibiotics

Bacterial resistance (water, sediment, fish Bacterial resistance (water, sediment, fish bacteria)

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Antibiotic

resistance

_resistance

Absence of the corresponding antibiotic or Absence of the corresponding antibiotic or residus

residus

Impact extends beyond the individual Impact extends beyond the individual farm environment

farm environment

Resistance system optimisation towards Resistance system optimisation towards multiple drugs

multiple drugs

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Antibiotic

resistance

_resistance

Bacterial pathogens resistant to Bacterial pathogens resistant to antimicrobial agents:

antimicrobial agents:

Diseases (Diseases (vibriosis)vibriosis)

Spread of resistance genes to other Spread of resistance genes to other

pathogens of diverse origins pathogens of diverse origins

Implications on both animal and human Implications on both animal and human

health. health.

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Antibiotic

resistance

_resistance

Use of antibiotics in animals Use of antibiotics in animals ––

Salmonella

sp.

,

Campylobacter

sp. and sp. and

Escherichia

coli

––

ReservoirReservoir in nonin non--pathogenicpathogenic strainsstrains

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Sarter et al. Antibiotic resistance in Gram

Sarter et al. Antibiotic resistance in Gram--negative negative bacteria isolated from farmed catfish. Food control

bacteria isolated from farmed catfish. Food control

2007, 18: 1391 2007, 18: 1391––13961396 0 20 40 60 80 100 AM C FT OTC SXT NA Antibiotic R esi sta n t iso la tes (% ) CF1 CF2 CF3

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Alternatives to

antibiotic

_antibiotic

Vaccination (Vaccination (specificspecific immune immune responseresponse))

ProbioticsProbiotics ((

Bacillus

sppspp.) .)

Plant Plant extractsextracts ((feedfeed ingredientsingredients, ,

Artemia

))

Immunostimulants (Immunostimulants (nonspecificnonspecific defensedefense systems

systems))

Different

Different biocontrol biocontrol measuresmeasures (best management practices)

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Alternatives to

antibiotic

_antibiotic

Cinnamosma

fragrans

BaillonBaillon

Family of Family of

Cannelaceae

TsaramandrosoTsaramandroso and and MariaranoMariarano

ChemicalChemical compositioncomposition

AntimicrobialAntimicrobial activityactivity

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Randrianarivelo et al. Food Chemistry,

2009, 114, 680

-

684.

57 components: 57 components: Linalool (72.5 Linalool (72.5 ±± 23.3 23.3 %) in %) in TsaramandrosoTsaramandroso 1,81,8--cineole (47.3 cineole (47.3 ±± 10.2%) in 10.2%) in MariaranoMariarano.. B8: 95.8 % of LinaloolB8: 95.8 % of Linalool B143: 71.6% of 1,8B143: 71.6% of 1,8- -Cineole Cineole

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Antimicrobial

activity

_activity

FarmFarm isolatesisolates

BacillusBacillus subtilissubtilis

BacillusBacillus cereuscereus

BacillusBacillus pumuluspumulus

VibrioVibrio hollisaehollisae

VibrioVibrio alginolyticusalginolyticus

V. V. parahaemolyticusparahaemolyticus

VibrioVibrio vulnificusvulnificus

P. P. damselaedamselae

ReferenceReference strainsstrains

S. aureusS. aureus

S. S. typhimuriumtyphimurium

Escherichia Escherichia colcolii

VibrioVibrio panaeicidaepanaeicidae

VibrioVibrio fischerifischeri

VibrioVibrio anguillarumanguillarum

VibrioVibrio harveyharveyii

VibrioVibrio alginolyticusalginolyticus

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Randrianarivelo et al.

Randrianarivelo et al. Journal of Applied Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2010,

Microbiology, 2010,

in press

B8 (95.8% B8 (95.8% linaloollinalool): ): 0.180.18--5.88 mg/ml5.88 mg/ml B143 (71.6% 1,8B143 (71.6% 1,8--cineolecineole):): 0.370.37--5.88 mg/ml5.88 mg/ml

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Vibrio

concentration (concentration (cfu cfu mlml--11_{) of}_{) of}

Penaeus

_Penaeus

monodon

larvae for assays using larvae for assays using EOs EOs of of

C.fragrans

and Erythromycin (n=4 and Erythromycin (n=4 ± ± sdsd).).

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 B a ct eri a l co n cen tra ti o n ( 1 0 3 cf u m l -1 ) Control A B143 B8 E EO: 734 EO: 734 µµg mlg ml--11 E: 20 E: 20 µµg mlg ml--11

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Survival rate (

Survival rate (%%) of ) of

Penaeus

monodon

larvae for assays using

larvae for assays using EOs EOs of of

C.fragrans

and Erythromycin (n=4 and Erythromycin (n=4 ± ± sdsd).). 20 40 60 80 100 120 Surv iv a l r a te ( % ) Control A B143 B8 E

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Vibrio

Vibrio concentration (concentration (cfu cfu mlml--11_{) and the survival}_{) and the survival}

rate (%) of

rate (%) of PenaeusPenaeus monodonmonodon larvae. larvae.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 B a ct eri a l C o ncent ra ti o n ( 1 0 3 cf u m l -1 ) Time (day) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 S u rv iv a l r a te (% ) B143 B143T B8 B8T

No significant difference between B8/B8T

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Toxicity

LC50 on LC50 on NaupliiNauplii, Zoe, , Zoe, MysisMysis and Post and Post larvae: larvae: B8 : 863 mg lB8 : 863 mg l--11 B143 : 885 mg lB143 : 885 mg l--11 p<0.05 p<0.05

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Conclusion

Low Low MICsMICs against against

Vibrio

spp.spp.

Decrease Decrease vibriosvibrios concentrationconcentration

Negative correlation between the bacterial Negative correlation between the bacterial concentration and larval survival

concentration and larval survival

NoNo significant effect of the emulsifier significant effect of the emulsifier (p>0.05)

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Conclusion

Chemical variabilityChemical variability

Compatibility with others alternativesCompatibility with others alternatives

Adaptation/resistance mechanismsAdaptation/resistance mechanisms