MicheliF-2007-Kom-13MPMI-Sorrento-Ref-PS_16-874-Resumes MPMI Italie-1 6.pdf
l'oSIer Session Il -J>S 16 - BIOCQNTROLINTERACflQN5385 ln this study the results of expcrimental trials carried OU! for three years are reported. The investigations was aimed at iden-tifying measures differing from the traditionally used rneans for controlling Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, MlIcroplJomilla pJra.çe-OU'llI, Rhî';.Oc/ol/ia solani, PlecfOsporillm labacilmm, Acremo-lIilllll Cllcurbîlacearum, Sclerotillia scJerotiorum, Rhiz.oPyc/lis vagllm, FIIsarîlll1l spp., the causal agents of mot diseases of melon craps. Thus, the commercial biocontrol agents Trichode-mlll vi,.îde, 1:!wr::îoIl1l11l andGIOIIIII.fil1l/'(//'(/dice.~·were tested in comparision with the fungicide Fosetyl-Al. Ali products control1ed signiftc3tivcly root discases of melon. T.!wr:iwl/I11I, however. proved the most effective. espccially when it was as-sociated with Fosetyl-A1.
Ils 16-875
EFFECTIVENESS OF B10LOGICAL AND CHEMICAL l'RADE PRODUCTS USED IN NURSERY 1'0 CONTROL TELLURIC PATHOGENS OF MELON CROPS
Antonia CARLUCCI. Fr:lncesco LOPS, Massimo MUCCI. Comdo LAZZIZERA. Luigi COLATRUGLlO, Maria Luisa RAIMONDO and Salvalore ERISULLO.
Diparrimell10 di Scien:e Agro·mnbîellwle, Chîmîca e Difesa Vegetale (DiSACD), Uni\'ersitâ degli Stlldî di Foggia.
s.frisullo@unifg-it. Fabienne MICUELI'J.
'ulborauJrio lie Genômico e Etpresstio Gêllica, UESC, l/MIIS-BA, 8ra:iI,' 2DCBio-UEFS-Lobormorio de Pesql/isa em Microbiologia. Feira de SanwIUJ-BA, Bra:iI: JCirad-B10S, UMR DAP. MOlllpeJlîer. FraI/ce.
fabiennc.micheli@cirad.fr, fabienne@ueSC.br
Inlem:uionaJCongress onMoI~cularPlanl-Microbe Inler.iCIions 16-874
lTINASES FROM MONlL/OPHTHORA
PERNlCIO-,THE CAUSAL AGENT OF WITCHES' BROOM DIS-E OF CACAO, GOOD TARGDIS-ETS FOR CONTROL ISEA5E.
'aile Santos GOMES', Mafza Alves LOPES', Carlos Prim-PIROVANJI. Maria Gabriela BELLO KOBLlTZ2. Jûlio de MATrOS CASCARDO', AriSl6teles G6ES-NETO\ Me/schnikowia pulcherrîmais weil known as biocontrol yeast against postharvest diseases of porne fruits. The present work
ns
canied out to sludy the interaction betweenM.pulcher-rimastrain BIOl26 isolated from apple fruits and posthar-ftSI pathogens of apple such as Allemariu sp. and Botrytis
ciMTea in up-taking iron for their growth and development
il\;troand in vil'O on apples. M. pulcJ/errima was streaked
(Il PDA medium amended with different concentrations of lIOIl and flooded with conidial suspensions of Altemaria sp IlldB.cinerea separately. A pigmentcd high inhibition zone wasproduced by the yeast strain against both pathogens under
1Dv.'iron concentrations whereas in high Iron concentrations,
k:ssinhibition was measured în vîtro. At the inhibition zone, cooidia did not germinate and mycelial degencration was
ob-Itr\'oo.
In addition, a high reduc!ion in pathogen infection wasrecorded in apples cv Golden dclicious treated withM."ucherril1lagrown from low iran concentrations compared to
'ghIron amendments ill vîvo. Apples inoculated either wilh 'trnariasp orB.cil/ereaalone recorded the highest disease k compared to ail other treatments. The ill vitro and ill . results showed a significant iron utilization by M. pli/-Trima for the production of pulcherrirnin. A high inhibition postharvest pathogens under low iron conditions indicated mo\'cment of precursors from M. pllicherrima to find out a dent amount of iran in the substrate to form the pigrnen-. Iron depletion by Mpigrnen-. pllicherrima enhanced the antag-. 'c activity against bath poslharvest pathogens in appleantag-. ough iran compclition seems to he the major mechanism biocontrol employed by M. pulcherrî11la, other mechanisms
Id play an important raIe. PS 16·873
METSCHNlKOWlA PULCHERRlMA OUTCOMPETES
POSTHARVEST PATHOGENS OF APPLE THROUGH IRON DEPLETION
Sarnyanakumar DURAISAMyl, Davidc SPADAR02, Sandro FRATI'.Angelo GARIBALDII. Maria Lodovica GULLINOI 'AGROINNOVA, Celllre of Competence for the 111110vatîO/I Îftthe Agro-enviromnemol Sec/or, Ulliversîty of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco. /taly; ]DiVaPRA - Plal/t Pathology, University
ai
Tlirin, 10095 Grugliasco. ltaly.lia\'ide.spadaro@unito.it
differcnces in community composition of epiphytic microbes between the wheat genotypc with the high and the low FH B resistance level. 1n paraI leI about50bacterial isolates were col-lected from the surface of the anthers, SOS-PAGE and RAPD PCR were used for screening. This resulted in 20 str.tins. ail of !hem were tested in greenhouse trials. In parallel controls were setwith media only (MRS. YM. PC). Efficacy comparable with ' ..
thefungicide control was gained by using MRS media only. Chitin is a homopolymerofp 1-4 N-acetylglueosamine (NAG) implicating that microorganisms enhanced by this media were and ilis the main component of the ccII wall of various spc-able todefend the wheat plants against FHB beUer than the iso- cies of fungi, of the arthropod exoskeleton. and of the nema·
lates from field trials. todes cuticle. Most of these organisms are responsible for
dr.tstic diseases in crop plants, :md chilin becomes a good metabolic target for pest control. Chili nases are chilin-degrad-ing enzymes and, in fungi. are involved in vadous functions likc cell wall digestion, spore germination and differentiation, growth and hyphen lyses, chitin assimilation and mycoparasit-ism. We report here the lirst analysis of chitimlse regulation and production in MonilîoplllllOrtI pemidosa, the causal agent of the witchcs' broom disease of cacao. Multivariant statisti-cal approach was employed to evaluate the effect of several variables. including carbon and nitrogen sources on chitinase production and secretion. Chitinase production by the myce-lium was enhanced by peptone and ehitin and repressed by glu-cose. Chîtinase secretion was increased by yenst extract alone or in cornbination with ether nitrogen sources, and by NAG. and repressed in presence of chitin. The chitinase activity was al ways higher in the rnycelium than in the culture medium. suggesting a poor chitinase secretion activity. which rnay he directly related to the lifestyle of the fungus. Higher mycelium growth was observed when the chitinase production was the lowcsl. Conversely. the induction of chitinase production by chitin increased the mycelium degr:ldation. These results sug· gest that the culture medium, by the induction or repression of chitinases, affected the hyphal growth as weil as the global fungal development. Thus, as an essenlial component of theM.
pernicio.\'adevelopment, chitinases ll1:ly he very good targets for strategies of control disease.
