Innovation et évolution industrielle de long terme
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Texte intégral
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(148) K -«mc<F®$A|J. ;:=<TdebGLK+`e =<FAJ E¬e &` eig;GA=<Tde³dK^C2A JTK;< `iA|J 2<¶@·«@v<FAHg2GHA|J C2AJ :HGH82ALd/A4K;<6J ALd K]deª`eJ~:Ld/ALK;<6J ;md/A=gdeiAH`TJ <FAH`i:Ld/eh²;AJ :LlK - GH:=<¶:HGLd/@=<?eJTd/ei¯K^A|JC2A&` eig2g2m2²;:Ld/eim2g C2A 2</mkCK;e d eie $` eig;GA=<Tde³dK^C2A JK;<`iAJ® Qm ;AHg+J d/AHG=8]g2mk`bmc>;ei¯K^A|J C2A JF:LdeJF«/:Hei<FA GHA J 2<F@H«@=<FAHgIGHA|J j 0A -;eJTd/AHg2GHA C2A GHALdd/A C2A=<?g2e =<FA eig;GHAv<Tde³dK^C2A²;: GHm2g2CK^eh<FAK;gGBA=<Td/:Heigg2mk® aI<FA¬C2/ A 2<?m;CK^G6d/ALK;<6J )¬A=gd</A=< JTK;<D`bA ®$:v<FGH82@¬AH> g 2<F
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(164) H`iA C2A ac:IJ¶A C2A GMIGH`A C2A ²;eA ° C2:=gkJ`bAH¯K^AH` mcg g2A GHm2gkJFeC2@=<F:He³d¯K^AD`iAJ 2<¶A·® eA=<6J AHgd<¶:=gdFJ@/¯K;e ° ;:v<X`iA4K;<6J9eig2g2m|²;:4d?eim2gkJ ° «m2gd@H®$A=<?>;A=< K;gIA´eig;CKYJd<ebA ALd `A|JDA=gd<F:=gdFK J 2`³K)J¥d/:L<FC|ei«FJ j AJ GHm282m2< d/AJDC2A «eª<F® AJ ?eªg;JTd/:H`i`@IJ ° 2<FA=®$eA=<4JDAvgd<F:=gdFJ ° A=gd<F:vgdFJ9d/:=<FC|ei«FJ JFAC2eJTd/eig|>|K^AHgd ;:=< C2AJ GH: ;:HGHe³d/@J C2A¡O U Ccei«?«/@=<FAHgd/AJ U AGHALdd/A¡82@Ld/@v<?m2>;@=g2@He³d/@<F@JTK^`³d/A=gd ° d mIK]d C :Bacmc<¶C ° C2AJ <¶A=g2C2AH®$AHgdFJ C2A O U ²c:=<Fei:=a;`A|J JFAH`im2g`iA|J «eª<F® A|J$ALdQJFA=`bmcg`:C2:Ld/A C A=gd<F@BA ° :=eigkJ~e ¯K hK+gIA¡JTd<TK^GLdKI<FA¬C2AJGBm ]dFJC2/ A 2<?m;CK^G6deimcg Cce«T«/@=<FAHg|d/A P;A=`im2g&` Q8 P ;mIdP8 JFA¡J¶GH8K^A ® ;A4d/A=<FeiAHg2g2A ° `A|J GH: ;:BG·e d/@JfC2A O U JFm2gd ;m¦J/e³d?eh²cA·® AHgd-G=m2<?<F@v`i@HA|J ) `i:Ed/:=ei``A C2AJ9«eª<F® AJfAHgd<F:4©g2:Hgd :=eig+JFe2K+gIA´a;:HeJ4JFA C2AJGHm ]dFJ9®$
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(169) K -;e H® A d/AH ® +J ° C2AJ9eig2gImc²;:Ld/eim2gkJfC21 A 2<FmkGB@HC2@ . ²;m2ei<FA C2AJ9ei®e³d/:4deimcg+J .JF:HgkJf:=²;mke < )AHg2GHm|K;<?eh<9`A|J GH
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(181) ; @=<FeAHg2GHA :LK <FAv>;:=<FC C2AJ G=m282m2< d/AJ 2 <F@HGB@HC2A=gd/AJ 7AJ C2ALKl- GH:LKYJ¶AIJ C2AJFm2< deiA g;AJ¶mcgd,; :J A ^- G·` K JFeh²^AJ `&b K^g;AC2A`$ :LK2d<FA,9E `iA|J C2ALKl«/:HGLd/ALK;<6J:; ALK2²cA·gd¬JFA GLK^® K+`A=<:; mIKI<¬:HGBG=<?m©ªd<FA`iAC; 82@HgImk®,H g2A C2A JFm2<TdeiA ® :IJ~JFeh²^A U$:vg+J¬GHA GH:J ° `& 8;@Ld/@=</m2>;@=g2@He³d/@¬C2AJ«?e <® A|J¯K^eJ¶A ® :Ld/@v<eb:·`ieJ~A/; :=<`L :
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